Research
Vitamin K1
50 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Safety of Vitamin K in mechanical heart valve patients with supratherapeutic INR: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the safety of low-dose vitamin K1 in patients with mechanical heart valves and supratherapeutic INR. The analysis of 3 randomized control trials found no significant association between low-dose vitamin K and thromboembolism, major bleeding, or minor bleeding rates.
The extent to which the last decade has yielded additional treatment options for EGFR-associated rash besides classic treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids - A systematic review.
Systematic review of interventions for EGFRI treatment-induced rash, excluding antibiotics and steroids. Category A focused on creams with vitamin K1 or K3, showing mixed results. Category B included various treatments like laser, Polydatin cream, and EGF ointment, with varying effectiveness.
Vitamin K intake and the risk of fractures: A meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of cohort and nested case-control studies investigating the relationship between dietary vitamin K1 intake and fracture risk. The analysis included 1114 fracture cases among 80,982 participants and found a statistically significant inverse association between vitamin K1 intake and fracture risk, suggesting that higher intake may moderately decrease fracture risk.
Effect of Cefoperazone/Sulbactam on Blood Coagulation Function in Infected Emergency Department Patients and the Necessity |of Vitamin K1 (VK1) Preventive Intervention: A Single-Center, Retrospective Analysis
Retrospective cohort study of 820 patients treated with cefoperazone/sulbactam, assessing coagulation dysfunction and the effect of vitamin K1 intervention. Coagulation dysfunction occurred in 24.39% of patients, with vitamin K1 improving coagulation indices, especially in those with high APACHE II scores.
Vitamin K and osteoporosis: Myth or reality?
This systematic review investigates the impact of vitamin K (plasma levels, dietary intake, and oral supplementation) on bone health, focusing on bone remodeling, mineral density, and fragility fractures. Findings from various studies are conflicting and unclear.
Vitamin K supplementation and progression of coronary artery calcium in older men and women.
RCT measuring the effect of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) supplementation on coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression in 388 older men and women over 3 years. No overall difference in CAC progression was found between groups, but in adherent participants, vitamin K1 slowed CAC progression, especially in those with preexisting CAC.
Two-year randomized controlled trial of vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and vitamin D3 plus calcium on the bone health of older women.
A 2-year double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 244 healthy older women examined the effects of vitamin K1, vitamin D3, and calcium supplementation on bone health. The combination of vitamin K1 with vitamin D3 and calcium resulted in a modest but significant increase in bone mineral content at the ultradistal radius.
Epigenome-wide association study reveals a molecular signature of response to phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation.
An epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) was conducted to understand the molecular signature of response to phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation. The study identified differential DNA methylation in multiple regions related to phylloquinone absorption and metabolism, highlighting variability in response to supplementation.
The effect of vitamin K1 supplementation on sensitivity and insulin resistance via osteocalcin in prediabetic women: a double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.
Double-blind RCT of 82 prediabetic women comparing vitamin K1 supplementation to placebo for 4 weeks. Vitamin K1 increased serum levels of carboxylated osteocalcin and improved glycemic status and insulin sensitivity, but did not affect insulin resistance.
Effects of Vitamin K on Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 and Rheumatoid Factor in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
RCT of 64 women with rheumatoid arthritis assessing the effects of vitamin K1 supplementation on joint destruction and immune status. Vitamin K1 did not significantly alter serum levels of MMP-3 or rheumatoid factor compared to placebo.
Effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation for 12 months on the indices of vitamin K status and bone health in adult patients with Crohn's disease.
Two RCTs were conducted to assess the effect of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation on vitamin K status and bone health in adult patients with Crohn's disease. Supplementation with 1000 µg of phylloquinone daily suppressed serum %ucOC but had no significant effect on bone turnover markers or bone mass, except for a modest increase in total radius bone mass.
Association between circulating vitamin K1 and coronary calcium progression in community-dwelling adults: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
The study examined the association between serum vitamin K1 levels and coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in a multi-ethnic cohort. Low serum vitamin K1 was associated with greater CAC progression in antihypertension medication users, but not significantly in the general cohort. A vitamin K1 supplementation trial suggested reduced CAC progression in hypertensive individuals.
Vitamin K-containing dietary supplements: comparison of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7.
RCT comparing absorption and efficacy of synthetic vitamin K1 and natto-derived menaquinone-7 (MK-7) in healthy volunteers. MK-7 showed a longer half-life, more stable serum levels, and induced more complete carboxylation of osteocalcin, suggesting better support for bone and vascular health.
A high phylloquinone intake is required to achieve maximal osteocalcin gamma-carboxylation.
This study assessed the ability of various doses of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) to facilitate osteocalcin gamma-carboxylation in healthy adults. Phylloquinone supplementation decreased the percentage of undercarboxylated osteocalcin dose-dependently, with a daily intake of approximately 1000 micrograms required to maximally gamma-carboxylate circulating osteocalcin.
Vitamin K Status Based on K1, MK-4, MK-7, and Undercarboxylated Prothrombin Levels in Adolescent and Adult Patients with Cystic Fibrosis: A Cross-Sectional Study
Cross-sectional study assessing vitamin K1, MK-4, and MK-7 concentrations in 63 cystic fibrosis patients compared to 61 healthy subjects. MK-4 concentrations were higher and MK-7 levels lower in CF patients. MK-7 supplementation was a predictive factor for MK-7 levels, while vitamin K1 levels were low without supplementation.
Analysis of vitamin K1 and major K2 variants in rat/human serum and lipoprotein fractions by a rapid, simple, and sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS method.
The study developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method to quantify vitamin K1 and major K2 variants (MK-4, MK-7, MK-9) in serum and lipoprotein fractions. The method was applied to 59 human and 12 rat sera, revealing that vitamin K is primarily found in the high-density lipoprotein fraction.
Development of a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the determination of vitamin K1, menaquinone-4, menaquinone-7 and vitamin K1-2,3 epoxide in serum of individuals without vitamin K supplements
The paper describes the development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for determining vitamin K1, menaquinone-4, menaquinone-7, and vitamin K1-2,3 epoxide in human serum. The method was validated in a cohort of 162 patients tested for carbohydrate malabsorption and 20 patients with oral phenprocoumon intake, showing good precision and applicability for clinical and research settings.
Processes and Interactions Impacting the Stability and Compatibility of Vitamin K and Gold Nanoparticles
The study investigates the stability and compatibility of vitamin K1 (phytomenadione) with gold nanoparticles under the influence of sodium halide ions. It finds that fluoride ions weakly affect stability, chloride ions provide short-term stability, bromide ions cause instability, and iodide ions result in an unstable system.
Effects of Ketoconazole, a CYP4F2 Inhibitor, and CYP4F2*3 Genetic Polymorphism on Pharmacokinetics of Vitamin K1
The study evaluated the impact of ketoconazole, a CYP4F2 inhibitor, and CYP4F2*3 genetic polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of vitamin K1 in 21 participants. Ketoconazole increased plasma levels of vitamin K1 and its pharmacokinetic parameters, while CYP4F2*3 polymorphism affected vitamin K1 levels in a gene dose-dependent manner.
Increase in plasma phylloquinone concentrations following acupoint injection for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.
Substudy of a larger clinical trial testing plasma concentration of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) following acupoint injection in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Plasma phylloquinone concentrations increased significantly post-injection, correlating with reduced pain intensity.
The effect of different meals on the absorption of stable isotope-labelled phylloquinone.
This study investigated the absorption of 13C-labelled phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in 12 healthy adults using a three-way crossover design with different meal types. The study found that phylloquinone absorption was significantly higher with cosmopolitan and animal-oriented meals compared to convenience meals.
Efficacy of high dose phylloquinone in correcting vitamin K deficiency in cystic fibrosis.
RCT of 14 pancreatic insufficient CF children receiving either 1 mg/day or 5 mg/day vitamin K1 for one month. Supplementation normalized serum vitamin K1 levels and significantly reduced %Glu-OC, indicating improved vitamin K status.
Effect of phylloquinone supplementation on biochemical markers of vitamin K status and bone turnover in postmenopausal women.
This 3 x 6-week randomized cross-over study investigated the effect of phylloquinone supplementation on vitamin K status and bone turnover in 31 postmenopausal women. Supplementation with 200 and 500 microg phylloquinone/d increased vitamin K status but had no effect on bone turnover markers.
Intestinal absorption of mixed micellar phylloquinone (vitamin K1) is unreliable in infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia: implications for oral prophylaxis of vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
Prospective RCT comparing oral versus intravenous mixed micellar vitamin K1 prophylaxis in 44 infants with conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. The study found unreliable intestinal absorption of oral vitamin K1 in these infants, with only 17% achieving a significant rise in serum K1 levels, highlighting the risk of vitamin K deficiency bleeding.
Phylloquinone absorption from phylloquinone-fortified oil is greater than from a vegetable in younger and older men and women.
A 24-hour absorption study compared phylloquinone absorption from broccoli and phylloquinone-fortified oil in 18 younger and 18 older adults. The phylloquinone-fortified oil diet resulted in significantly greater plasma phylloquinone concentrations than the broccoli diet. Older adults had higher plasma phylloquinone concentrations than younger adults.
Menaquinone-4 in breast milk is derived from dietary phylloquinone.
RCT studying the effect of maternal phylloquinone supplementation on vitamin K levels in breast milk. Phylloquinone supplementation increased both phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 levels in breast milk in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting dietary phylloquinone is a source of menaquinone-4 in breast milk.
Effects of a hydrogenated form of vitamin K on bone formation and resorption.
Randomized crossover study in 15 young adults comparing the effects of phylloquinone and dihydrophylloquinone on vitamin K status and bone markers. Phylloquinone restriction and repletion affected bone formation and resorption, while dihydrophylloquinone was less absorbed and had no measurable effect.
Comparison of phylloquinone bioavailability from food sources or a supplement in human subjects.
The study assessed phylloquinone absorption in human subjects consuming a standard test meal. Absorption was higher from a 500-microgram phylloquinone tablet compared to 495 micrograms from raw spinach. Absorption from fresh spinach, broccoli, and romaine lettuce did not differ significantly.
Vitamin K1 inhibits ferroptosis and counteracts a detrimental effect of phenprocoumon in experimental acute kidney injury
The study identifies vitamin K1 as an efficient inhibitor of ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, in the context of acute kidney injury. Vitamin K1 counteracts the detrimental effects of the vitamin K antagonist phenprocoumon, which exacerbates ferroptotic cell death and worsens acute kidney injury.
Fish Microbiome Modulation and Convenient Storage of Aquafeeds When Supplemented with Vitamin K1
The study evaluated the storage conditions of aquafeeds supplemented with vitamin K1 and its effects on the gut microbiota of Senegalese sole juveniles. VK1 supplementation improved the balance of intestinal microorganisms, potentially enhancing fish health. Optimal storage conditions were identified as −20 °C for short-term and −80 °C for long-term preservation.
Safety Evaluations of Topical Vitamin K1 for Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor-Induced Rash
Preliminary safety study of a novel topical 0.1% vitamin K1 product for potential use in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced rash. Ten healthy subjects applied the product, and vitamin K1 levels were measured. No significant change in phosphorylated-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor levels was observed in cetuximab-treated cells.
Effect of Vitamin K-Mediated PXR Activation on Drug-Metabolizing Gene Expression in Human Intestinal Carcinoma LS180 Cell Line
The study analyzed the effect of vitamin K-mediated PXR activation on drug metabolism-related gene expression in LS180 cells. Menaquinone 4 (MK-4) and other vitamin Ks induced MDR1 and CYP3A4 gene expression, with PXR knockdown reversing this effect. Co-treatment with rifampicin and MK-4 increased gene expression synergistically.
Determination of pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 in rats after an intravenous infusion
The study determined pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 in rats after a 15-hour intravenous infusion. The half-life, clearance rate, and volume of distribution were estimated, showing that vitamin K1 has a long half-life and a relatively large volume of distribution following post-constant speed intravenous infusion.
Systematic Development of Self-Nanoemulsifying Liquisolid Tablets to Improve the Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of an Oily Drug, Vitamin K1
The study aimed to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of vitamin K1 using self-nanoemulsifying and liquisolid technologies. The developed self-nanoemulsifying liquisolid tablets showed higher drug dissolution and bioavailability in beagle dogs compared to conventional tablets.
Plasma lipoproteins as carriers of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in humans.
The study characterized the absorption and transport of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) by plasma lipoproteins in 26 healthy subjects. Plasma phylloquinone concentrations peaked at 6 hours, with triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins being the major carriers, while LDL and HDL carried smaller fractions.
Bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion.
This randomized controlled study evaluated the bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion in 12 healthy adults. A mild vitamin K deficiency was induced, and subjects received a 500-mL intravenous solution containing phylloquinone. Plasma phylloquinone levels increased, and vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide levels decreased in both lipid and saline groups, indicating that intravenous lipid reversed the effects of warfarin and dietary restriction on vitamin K status.
Effect of vitamin K1 supplementation on vitamin K status in cystic fibrosis patients.
Crossover study in 18 cystic fibrosis patients assessing the effect of 5 mg/week oral vitamin K1 supplementation on vitamin K status. Supplementation significantly increased plasma vitamin K1 levels and affected carboxylation indices, though normal levels were not achieved.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerance of intravenous and intramuscular phylloquinone (vitamin K1) mixed micelles formulation.
The study evaluated the pharmacokinetics and tolerance of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) mixed micelles formulation (Konakion MM) in 30 normal human adult volunteers using an open randomized crossover design. The study found that Konakion MM was well tolerated after intravenous administration, but the intramuscular route showed irregular absorption and is not recommended.
Anticoagulant effects of warfarin and kinetics of K vitamins in blood and feces.
RCT examining the kinetics of K vitamins and vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors in patients treated with warfarin after artificial valve replacements. The study found that warfarin administration did not significantly decrease blood levels of vitamin K1 and menaquinone-7. Vitamin K1-epoxide and PIVKA-II were identified as useful parameters to evaluate the anticoagulant effect of warfarin.
Vitamin K1 concentration in breast-fed neonates after oral or intramuscular administration of a single dose of a new mixed-micellar preparation of phylloquinone.
The study investigated the plasma disposition of a new mixed-micellar preparation of phylloquinone (vitamin K1) in 25 breast-fed neonates, comparing oral and intramuscular administration. Plasma concentrations were measured at 24 hours, 4 days, and 24 days, showing significant differences in absorption and retention between the two methods.
Relationship between Structure and Biological Activity of Various Vitamin K Forms
The paper reviews the biological activity and bioavailability of various forms of vitamin K, including menaquinones and phylloquinone. It discusses their effects on blood coagulation, bone metabolism, and cardiovascular health, highlighting differences in effective doses and biological activity among the forms.
Vitamin K as a Diet Supplement with Impact in Human Health: Current Evidence in Age-Related Diseases
This narrative review discusses the health benefits of vitamin K, including its role in chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, dementia, cognitive impairment, mobility disability, and frailty. It explores the specific contributions of vitamin K1 and K2, their sources, absorption, and bioavailability, and highlights the growing consumer preference for vitamin K supplements.
Structural Insights into Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1), Menaquinone (MK4, MK7), and Menadione (Vitamin K3) Binding to VKORC1
The study presents a molecular modeling and in vitro analysis of vitamin K1, menaquinones MK4, MK7, and K3 interactions with VKORC1. VKORC1 binds tightly to vitamins K1 and MK4 but not MK7 or K3, with enzymatic activity confirming these binding affinities.
Vitamin K1 prevents diabetic cataract by inhibiting lens aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) activity
The study investigated vitamin K1 as an inhibitor of lens aldose reductase in a diabetic cataract model in rats. Vitamin K1 treatment reduced blood glucose levels and inhibited lens aldose reductase activity, decreasing lens sorbitol accumulation. The study suggests vitamin K1 as a potent inhibitor of ALR2, potentially useful for therapeutic applications.
IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors and Vitamin K1 enhance the antitumor effects of Regorafenib in HCC cell lines
The study investigated the effects of Regorafenib combined with Vitamin K1 and IGF1-R inhibitors on HCC cell growth and motility. Results showed that IGF1-R inhibitors potentiated the antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Regorafenib and/or VK1, with significant reduction in cell migration.
Vitamin K status and parenteral nutrition; the effect of Intralipid on plasma vitamin K1 levels.
The study estimated the vitamin K1 content of the intravenous lipid emulsion product Intralipid and assessed the vitamin K1 status of patients receiving it. The emulsion contained 0.6-0.7 micrograms/ml of vitamin K1, and patients showed a steady increase in plasma vitamin K1 levels over 4 days of infusion.
Vitamin K: Double Bonds beyond Coagulation Insights into Differences between Vitamin K1 and K2 in Health and Disease
This review highlights the differences between vitamin K isoforms K1 and K2, focusing on their absorption rates, tissue distribution, and bioavailability. It discusses the role of vitamin K2, particularly MK-7, in regulating osteoporosis, atherosclerosis, cancer, and inflammatory diseases without negative side effects.
Vitamin K1 photo‐induced reaction during treatment with cetuximab
A case report of a 63-year-old woman with metastatic colorectal cancer who developed an erythematous itching vesicular eruption on photo-exposed areas after using a skin cream containing 0.1% vitamin K1 during cetuximab treatment. Photopatch tests showed a positive reaction to the vitamin K1 cream and Konakion under UVA light, indicating a photo-induced reaction.
Relationships between dietary intakes and fasting plasma concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins in humans.
The study estimated dietary intakes of retinol equivalents, alpha-tocopherol equivalents, vitamin D, and phylloquinone, and compared them to fasting plasma concentrations in 34 healthy adults over 20 weeks. Phylloquinone was the only vitamin with a significant correlation between dietary intake and plasma concentration, with a correlation coefficient of 0.51.
Dietary deficiency of phylloquinone and reduced serum levels in febrile neutropenic cancer patients.
Study of 34 cancer patients with febrile neutropenia revealed deficient phylloquinone intake and its association with elevated prothrombin times. Antimicrobial regimens affecting intestinal microflora further exacerbated vitamin K deficiency.