Research
Vitamin B3
77 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Nicotinamide modulates gut microbial metabolic potential and accelerates recovery in mild-to-moderate COVID-19
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 900 symptomatic COVID-19 outpatients evaluated a 4-week intervention with nicotinamide. Nicotinamide supplementation led to faster recovery of physical performance and modulated COVID-19-associated faecal microbiome changes, with 57.6% of participants recovering from performance drop at week 2 compared to 42.6% in the placebo group. Nicotinamide was also beneficial for returning to normal activities and showed fewer post-COVID symptoms after 6 months.
On-farm supplementation of rumen-protected niacin: a randomized clinical trial.
RCT on the effects of rumen-protected niacin (RPN) supplementation in dairy cows during the first 21 days in milk. RPN increased plasma nicotinamide concentration and milk yield in 1st and 2nd parity cows but did not affect mastitis incidence, risk of leaving the herd, or probability of pregnancy.
The effects of NAD+ precursor (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) supplementation on weight loss and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 22 treatment arms with 5,144 participants on the effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on weight loss and related hormones. The study found that NAD+ precursor supplementation significantly reduced BMI and increased adiponectin levels, with nicotinic acid showing greater BMI reduction than nicotinamide.
The Role of Nicotinamide as Chemo-Preventive Agent in NMSCs: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of oral nicotinamide on the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) in high-risk patients. The analysis found no significant association between nicotinamide consumption and risk for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or NMSC. Adverse events were rare, and compliance was optimal.
Effect of Nicotinamide in Skin Cancer and Actinic Keratoses Chemoprophylaxis, and Adverse Effects Related to Nicotinamide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 trials with 3039 patients evaluating the effect of nicotinamide on skin cancer prevention. Nicotinamide was associated with a significant reduction in skin cancers, including BCCs and cSCCs, but increased risk of digestive adverse effects.
Modified-release nicotinamide for the treatment of hyperphosphataemia in haemodialysis patients: 52-week efficacy and safety results of the phase 3 randomized controlled NOPHOS trial
Phase 3 RCT of modified-release nicotinamide (NAMR) in haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia. NAMR significantly reduced serum phosphate levels over 24 weeks compared to placebo, but the effect was not maintained at 52 weeks. NAMR was associated with increased risks of thrombocytopenia, pruritus, anaemia, diarrhoea, and herpes zoster.
Efficacy and safety of the combined metabolic medication, containing inosine, nicotinamide, riboflavin and succinic acid, for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy: a multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel group clinical trial (CYLINDER).
This multicenter randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a combination of antioxidants (succinic acid, inosine, nicotinamide, and riboflavin) in treating diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in patients with type 2 diabetes. The study found that the combination effectively alleviated DPN symptoms, with significant improvements in Total Symptom Score and subscores for paresthesia, numbness, and burning intensity.
Effect of scheduled antimicrobial and nicotinamide treatment on linear growth in children in rural Tanzania: A factorial randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
A factorial randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in rural Tanzania tested the effects of scheduled antimicrobials and daily nicotinamide on linear growth in children. The study found no significant difference in length-for-age z-score at 18 months between the intervention and placebo groups.
Efficacy and Safety of a Novel Nicotinamide Modified-Release Formulation in the Treatment of Refractory Hyperphosphatemia in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis—A Randomized Clinical Trial
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of nicotinamide modified release (NAMR) in combination with oral phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients with refractory hyperphosphatemia. NAMR significantly improved phosphate control compared to placebo, with a reduction in serum phosphate concentration and lower intact parathyroid hormone values. Diarrhea and pruritus were more frequent in the NAMR group.
Interventions to Prevent Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers in Recipients of a Solid Organ Transplant: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review of 92 trials with 20,012 participants evaluating interventions to prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients. Treatments included nicotinamide, acitretin, imiquimod, photodynamic therapy, and selenium. Effects on skin cancer were uncertain for most treatments, with mTOR inhibitors showing probable reduction in skin cancer compared to calcineurin inhibitors.
Efficacy and safety of nicotinamide on phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine RCTs (n=428) assessing nicotinamide's impact on phosphorus metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Nicotinamide significantly reduced serum phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and calcium-phosphorus levels compared to control, but increased the risk of adverse events, particularly thrombocytopenia. No serious adverse reactions were observed.
Effect of niacin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary artery disease.
Meta-analysis of seven RCTs with 5137 patients evaluating niacin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in coronary artery disease. Niacin significantly reduced coronary artery revascularization, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and TIA, with a possible but nonsignificant decrease in cardiac mortality.
A Novel Dermocosmetic Routine Containing Vitamin B3 and 2-Mercaptonicotinyl Glycine Significantly Improves Melasma After 3 Months of Daily Use.
A randomized, single-blind 6-month study compared a dermocosmetic serum containing vitamin B3 and 2-mercaptonicotinyl glycine to the Kligman triple formula in women with melasma. Both regimens significantly improved melasma after 3 months, with similar results after 6 months. The dermocosmetic routine showed better global tolerance.
Effects of nicotinamide supplementation in normal-tension glaucoma: a crossover placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
A double-masked, placebo-controlled crossover RCT assessed the effects of oral nicotinamide (NAM) supplementation on retinal function in 53 normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) participants. NAM supplementation improved the amplitude changes of the photopic negative response and B-wave compared to placebo, indicating functional improvement.
Efficacy and Safety of Nicotinamide 10%, Associated with Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate 5% and Hyaluronic Acid 5%, Compared to Hydroquinone 4% in Women with Facial Melasma: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Clinical Trial.
A randomized, double-blind trial compared the efficacy and safety of a combination of 10% nicotinamide, 5% magnesium ascorbyl phosphate, and 5% hyaluronic acid to 4% hydroquinone in women with facial melasma. Both treatments improved melasma indices, but the combination was numerically less effective than hydroquinone. The combination was safe and well-tolerated.
A Phase 2a proof‐of‐concept double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of nicotinamide in early Alzheimer’s disease
Phase 2a proof-of-concept double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide in early Alzheimer's disease. Nicotinamide acts as an HDAC inhibitor, potentially reducing tau phosphorylation.
Nicotinamide supplementation in diabetic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: randomized controlled trial
RCT of nicotinamide supplementation in 70 diabetic NAFLD patients, with 61 completing the study. Nicotinamide improved metabolic abnormalities and quality of life but had no significant effect on liver fibrosis or steatosis.
A Combination of Nicotinamide and D-Ribose (RiaGev) Is Safe and Effective to Increase NAD+ Metabolome in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Pilot Clinical Trial
Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover pilot study assessed the efficacy and safety of nicotinamide with D-ribose (RiaGev) for NAD metabolome enhancement in healthy middle-aged adults. Supplementation significantly increased NAD+ metabolome, reduced blood glucose, improved insulin sensitivity, decreased salivary cortisol, and improved mental concentration and motivation.
Investigation of nicotinamide as more than an anti-phosphorus drug in chronic hemodialysis patients: a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 98 chronic hemodialysis patients to assess the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on serum phosphorus, FGF23, and Klotho levels. NAM significantly decreased serum phosphorus and FGF23 levels and slowed the decline of Klotho compared to placebo over 52 weeks.
Improvement in inner retinal function in glaucoma with nicotinamide (vitamin B3) supplementation: A crossover randomized clinical trial.
Crossover randomized clinical trial examining the effects of nicotinamide supplementation on inner retinal function in 57 glaucoma patients. Nicotinamide improved photopic negative response parameters and showed a trend for improved visual field mean deviation compared to placebo.
Improvement in Inner Retinal Function in Glaucoma in Response to Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3 Supplementation: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial
Crossover RCT of nicotinamide supplementation in 57 adults with primary glaucoma. Nicotinamide improved inner retinal function, as measured by photopic negative response parameters, compared to placebo. Visual field mean deviation also showed improvement with nicotinamide.
Niacin Cures Systemic NAD+ Deficiency and Improves Muscle Performance in Adult-Onset Mitochondrial Myopathy.
Study on systemic NAD+ deficiency in adult-onset mitochondrial myopathy patients. Niacin, a form of vitamin B3, was administered to increase NAD+ levels. Blood NAD+ increased up to 8-fold, muscle strength and mitochondrial biogenesis improved, and liver fat decreased by 50% in patients.
Neurocognitive Function and Quality of Life Outcomes in the ONTRAC Study for Skin Cancer Chemoprevention by Nicotinamide
The ONTRAC phase III placebo-controlled, randomized trial assessed the efficacy of oral nicotinamide (500 mg twice daily) in skin cancer prevention and its effects on neurocognitive function and quality of life in individuals with previous skin cancer. In 310 participants, no significant effect of nicotinamide on cognitive function or quality of life was detected, though it has known photoprotective effects.
A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention.
Phase 3 RCT of 386 participants with a history of nonmelanoma skin cancers, comparing 500 mg nicotinamide twice daily to placebo for 12 months. Nicotinamide reduced the rate of new nonmelanoma skin cancers by 23% and actinic keratoses by up to 20% during the intervention period, with no significant adverse events.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic assessment of oral nicotinamide in the NEAT clinical trial for early Alzheimer’s disease
A phase 2a randomized placebo-controlled trial tested high-dose oral nicotinamide for early Alzheimer's disease. Nicotinamide showed good safety and tolerability but did not significantly lower CSF pTau231, the primary biomarker endpoint. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed increased plasma nicotinamide levels, but CSF levels were below quantitation in most participants, with extensive metabolic inactivation to methyl-nicotinamide.
Virological and Immunological Outcomes of Combined Therapeutic Interventions and Dendritic Cell Therapy in People With HIV.
This randomized clinical trial evaluated the safety and impact of individual and combinatorial therapeutic strategies, including nicotinamide, on HIV reservoirs and immune function in people with HIV. Nicotinamide-containing regimens were associated with posttreatment control of viral loads and immune cellular epigenetic age reversal.
The Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Versus Topical Nicotinamide 4% in Treatment of Acne Vulgaris.
Comparative RCT of 20 participants with acne vulgaris, treating one side of the face with IPL and the other with topical nicotinamide 4% cream. Both treatments significantly improved inflammatory acne lesions, with IPL showing better improvement and higher patient satisfaction.
Phase 2A Proof-of-Concept Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Nicotinamide in Early Alzheimer Disease.
Phase 2A proof-of-concept double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nicotinamide in early Alzheimer disease. The study found that 48 weeks of nicotinamide treatment did not significantly reduce CSF p-tau levels compared to placebo, although it was safe and showed less decline on CDR-SB.
Effectiveness and safety of 5% nicotinamide cream following cryosurgery in skin field cancerization: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of 5% nicotinamide cream in treating skin field cancerization after cryotherapy for actinic keratoses. The study found no significant difference in the reduction of actinic keratoses count or complete clearance between the nicotinamide and placebo groups, leading to study discontinuation due to futility.
Efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy in lymphopenia for patients with ordinary or severe COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial
RCT investigating the efficiency of nicotinamide-based supportive therapy for lymphopenia in 24 COVID-19 patients. No statistically significant difference was found in lymphocyte counts or secondary endpoints between the nicotinamide and control groups.
Nicotinamide and Pyruvate for Neuroenhancement in Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.
Phase 2 randomized clinical trial testing nicotinamide and pyruvate for neuroenhancement in open-angle glaucoma. The treatment group showed significant short-term improvement in visual function compared to placebo, supporting the potential neuroprotective role of these agents.
Impact of extended-release niacin on immune activation in HIV-infected immunological non-responders on effective antiretroviral therapy.
Phase 2 pilot RCT of 20 HIV-infected individuals on ART receiving 2000mg extended-release niacin daily for 24 weeks. Niacin decreased plasma lipids but did not improve systemic inflammation, Kyn/Trp ratio, or CD4 cell recovery.
Protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre study of the efficacy and safety of nicotinamide in patients with Friedreich ataxia (NICOFA)
The NICOFA study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigating the efficacy and safety of nicotinamide in patients with Friedreich ataxia over 24 months. The study aims to assess the change in the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and other secondary endpoints such as quality of life and frataxin protein levels.
Urinary Excretion of Niacin Metabolites in Humans After Coffee Consumption.
A 4-day human intervention study monitored urinary excretion of niacin metabolites after ingestion of 500 mL regular coffee. Rapid excretion of niacin metabolites was observed, indicating coffee as a source of niacin in the human diet.
The effects of exogenous fatty acids and niacin on human monocyte-macrophage plasticity.
The study investigates the effects of dietary fatty acids and niacin on monocyte-macrophage plasticity in humans. It finds that postprandial TRL-MUFAs, especially with niacin, enhance differentiation into M2 macrophages, while TRL-SFAs promote an M1 phenotype. Niacin with MUFAs reduces the pro-inflammatory profile of monocytes.
Topical clindamycin 1% vs. linoleic acid-rich phosphatidylcholine and nicotinamide 4% in the treatment of acne: a multicentre-randomized trial.
A multicentre, double-blind, 12-week randomized trial comparing 4% nicotinamide-phospholipidic emulsion to 1% topical clindamycin for acne treatment. The nicotinamide-phospholipidic treatment showed slightly superior results in clinical improvement and compliance.
Topical nicotinamide modulates cellular energy metabolism and provides broad-spectrum protection against ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression in humans.
RCT investigating the effects of topical nicotinamide on UV-induced immunosuppression in humans. Nicotinamide increased enzymes involved in cellular energy metabolism and p53, significantly protecting against immunosuppression caused by UVB, UVA, and solar-simulated UV exposures.
Oral nicotinamide protects against ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression in humans.
RCT using the Mantoux model of skin immunity in healthy volunteers to compare oral nicotinamide to placebo against the effects of solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation. Oral nicotinamide significantly reduced UV-induced immunosuppression, showing promise as a chemopreventive supplement.
Niacin, an active form of vitamin B3, exerts antiviral function by recruiting β-arrestin through GPR109A to activate the phosphorylation of ERK and STAT1 axis
The study investigates niacin, an active form of vitamin B3, as a potential antiviral agent. Niacin was found to bind to the GPR109A receptor, recruiting β-arrestin and activating the ERK-STAT phosphorylation axis, which enhances the host's antiviral interferon system. The findings suggest niacin could be repurposed as an antiviral agent.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury During a Glaucoma Neuroprotection Clinical Trial
The paper reports a serious adverse event of drug-induced liver injury likely related to the use of 3 g/day nicotinamide in a glaucoma clinical trial. It highlights the importance of vigilance regarding DILI in ongoing nicotinamide trials and among patients using it as a supplement.
A metabolic signature for NADSYN1-dependent congenital NAD deficiency disorder
The study investigates NADSYN1-dependent congenital NAD deficiency disorder (CNDD) and explores maternal NAD precursor supplementation strategies to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. It identifies a metabolic signature for CNDD and suggests the need for ongoing NAD level maintenance via amidated NAD precursor supplementation.
Nicotinamide (niacin) supplement increases lipid metabolism and ROS‐induced energy disruption in triple‐negative breast cancer: potential for drug repositioning as an anti‐tumor agent
The study investigates the effects of nicotinamide (NAM) on lipid metabolism and ROS-induced energy disruption in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). NAM decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production, increased reverse electron transport and fatty acid β-oxidation, leading to increased ROS levels, apoptosis, and suppressed tumor growth in TNBC models.
The role of extended-release niacin on immune activation and neurocognition in HIV-infected patients treated with antiretroviral therapy - CTN PT006: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
This randomized, open-label, interventional crossover study assesses the supplementation of extended-release niacin (Niaspan FCT) in combination with antiretroviral therapy on T-cell immune activation and CD4 recovery in 20 HIV-infected individuals. A substudy will evaluate the impact on neurocognitive function.
Niacin administration significantly reduces oxidative stress in patients with hypercholesterolemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
RCT evaluating niacin treatment in 17 hypercholesterolemic patients with low HDL-C and 8 healthy controls over 12 weeks. Niacin significantly increased HDL-C and apolipoprotein A1 levels, decreased triglyceride levels, and reduced oxidative stress, but did not affect CRP levels.
Effect of standard nicotinamide in the prevention of type 1 diabetes in first degree relatives of persons with type 1 diabetes.
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 40 first degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients to evaluate the effect of standard nicotinamide on type 1 diabetes prevention. The study found no significant differences in type 1 diabetes development, islet-cell-related autoantibodies, insulin secretion, or peripheral sensitivity between the nicotinamide and placebo groups.
Nicotinamide effects oxidative burst activity of neutrophils in patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This placebo-controlled study evaluated the effects of nicotinamide on neutrophil functions in 30 patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide significantly improved oxidative burst activity in neutrophils compared to placebo, suggesting potential benefits for immune function in diabetic patients.
Nicotinic acid as adjuvant therapy in newly admitted schizophrenic patients.
A placebo-controlled clinical study tested nicotinic acid as an adjuvant therapy in newly admitted schizophrenic patients over six months. No statistically significant therapeutic difference was found between the active treatment and placebo groups, indicating no measurable effect of nicotinic acid or nicotinamide when added to phenothiazine treatment.
Harmonizing NAD+ metabolism with CeMOF nanozyme to orchestrate intraocular pressure modulation for glaucoma treatment
The study investigates the impact of NAD+ reduction on intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation and explores NAD+ precursors as a therapeutic strategy for glaucoma. Supplementation with nicotinamide or nicotinamide mononucleotide provided protective effects in H2O2-treated HTM cells and reduced IOP in ocular hypertension mouse models. The NAM@CeMOF-2 nanozyme system optimized drug delivery, achieving maximum IOP reduction in Cav1⁻/⁻ mice.
Effects of different concentrations of nicotinamide on hematopoietic stem cells cultured in vitro
In vitro study evaluating the effects of different concentrations of nicotinamide (NAM) on hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from umbilical cord blood. Low concentrations (5 mmol/L) of NAM promoted HSC expansion and regulated the balance between proliferation and differentiation, while higher concentrations decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis.
Supplementation of Nicotinic Acid and Its Derivatives Up-Regulates Cellular NAD+ Level Rather than Nicotinamide Derivatives in Cultured Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes
The study investigated the effects of nicotinic acid (NA) and its derivatives on NAD+ levels in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes. NA supplementation significantly increased intracellular NAD+ levels and up-regulated mitochondrial function markers, suggesting its potential for skin rejuvenation.
Nicotinamide Suppresses Hyperactivation of Dendritic Cells to Control Autoimmune Disease through PARP Dependent Signaling
The study investigates the role of nicotinamide (NAM) in regulating dendritic cells (DCs) to control autoimmune diseases. NAM significantly inhibits DCs over-activation in vitro and in vivo, alleviating symptoms of psoriasis through a PARP-NF-κB dependent mechanism. Elevated NAMPT and PARPs expression in psoriasis patients correlates with higher PASI scores.
Extracellular vesicle encapsulated nicotinamide delivered via a trans-scleral route provides retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection
The study evaluates the neuroprotective effects of nicotinamide (NAM) delivered via extracellular vesicles (EVs) in a mouse glaucoma model. NAM-loaded EVs showed significant neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells, suggesting the feasibility of using EVs for NAM delivery to intraocular targets.
Nicotinamide Loaded Chitosan Nanocomplex Shows Improved Anticancer Potential: Molecular Docking, Synthesis, Characterization and In vitro Evaluations
The study prepared and characterized chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating a nicotinamide derivative (Ni-CS-NP) and evaluated their cytotoxicity, selectivity, and immunomodulatory properties in human breast and colon cancer cell lines. Ni-CS-NP showed remarkable cytotoxicity with superior safety profiles, effectively inhibiting VEGFR-2, inducing apoptosis, and disrupting cell cycle progression in MCF7 cells. The findings suggest Ni-CS-NP as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
In silico and in vitro toxicity assessment of ferulic acid and nicotinamide: analysis using admet tools and effects on bacteria, erythrocytes, and sun protection
The study assessed the toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties of ferulic acid (FA) and nicotinamide (NAM) using in silico and in vitro methods. FA showed bacteriostatic activity against Gram-positive bacteria, effective sun protection with an SPF of 25.01, and dose-dependent hemolysis in human erythrocytes. Both compounds demonstrated low human toxicity, with FA exhibiting environmental toxicity.
Mechanism of Allosteric Modulation of Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase to Elevate Cellular NAD.
The paper investigates the mechanism of allosteric modulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) to elevate cellular NAD+ levels. It identifies novel NAMPT-positive allosteric modulators (N-PAMs) and demonstrates NAMPT activation by biogenic phenols, revealing the role of a rear channel in NAMPT regulation.
Nicotinamide-based agglomerates of ibuprofen: formulation, solid state characterization and evaluation of tableting performance with in-silico investigation
The study investigated the formulation of directly compressible agglomerates of ibuprofen with nicotinamide using a quasi-emulsification solvent diffusion technique. The agglomerates were characterized for tableting performance and in vitro drug release, showing improved dissolution and solid-state properties of ibuprofen. Molecular docking studies indicated better binding affinity of the coformer to the target compared to nicotinamide alone.
Experimental and Quantum Chemical Studies of Nicotinamide-Oxalic Acid Salt: Hydrogen Bonding, AIM and NBO Analysis
The paper investigates the structural and chemical properties of nicotinamide-oxalic acid (NIC-OXA) salt using experimental and quantum chemical methods. It reports on hydrogen bonding interactions, chemical reactivity, and stability, and applies Lipinski’s rule to assess the salt's potential as an orally active form.
The female mouse is resistant to mild vitamin B3 deficiency
The study examined the effects of a diet inducing mild vitamin B3 deficiency in female C57BL/6RccHsd mice over 18 weeks. Results showed no differences in liver NMN levels, body composition, metabolism, or gene expression between deficient and control groups, suggesting female mice are resistant to mild vitamin B3 deficiency.
Assessment of Intake of Nicotinic Acid and Nicotinamide in Relation to Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
The paper assesses the intake of niacin, specifically nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, in the Norwegian population in relation to tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). It evaluates the potential consequences of establishing separate maximum limits for these compounds in food supplements, finding that certain limits could exceed ULs in children but not in adults.
Epigenetic and neurological effects and safety of high-dose nicotinamide in patients with Friedreich's ataxia: an exploratory, open-label, dose-escalation study.
This exploratory, open-label, dose-escalation study assessed the epigenetic and neurological effects and safety of high-dose nicotinamide in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Nicotinamide was generally well tolerated and resulted in a significant upregulation of frataxin expression, with no significant changes in clinical measures.
The influence of age and gender on niacin skin test results - implications for the use as a biochemical marker in schizophrenia.
The study investigated the influence of age and gender on niacin skin test results in 117 healthy subjects. Males displayed a significantly weaker flush response than females, and age negatively correlated with niacin sensitivity for both sexes. The findings suggest that age and gender should be considered in clinical niacin studies.
Kinetics of niacin supplements in lactating dairy cows.
The study examined the kinetics of niacin supplements in lactating dairy cows using a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Niacin supplementation increased ruminal and duodenal concentrations of nicotinic acid, but did not affect DMI, milk yields, or most measures of milk composition. Nicotinamide was rapidly converted to nicotinic acid by microorganisms in the reticulorumen.
Preventive and Protective Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Boosters in Aging and Retinal Diseases
This narrative review discusses the preventive and protective effects of NAD+ boosters, such as nicotinamide, nicotinamide mononucleotide, and nicotinamide riboside, in aging and retinal diseases. It highlights their role in improving mitochondrial function and reducing neurovascular injury, with potential therapeutic applications for retinal degeneration and maintaining vision.
Nicotinamide: A Multifaceted Molecule in Skin Health and Beyond
This narrative review discusses the multifaceted roles of nicotinamide (NAM) in skin health and beyond, highlighting its efficacy in restoring cellular energy, repairing DNA damage, and inhibiting inflammation. NAM is used in the chemoprevention of non-melanoma skin cancers and treatment of various dermatological conditions, with recent emphasis on its anti-aging properties.
Nicotinamide: A cardioprotective form of Vitamin B3
The paper discusses nicotinamide, a form of vitamin B3, as a potential cardioprotective agent against ischemia-reperfusion injury. It highlights nicotinamide's role in enhancing NAD+ biosynthesis, regulating KATP channels, influencing sirtuin and PARP activity, and its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The paper calls for randomized controlled trials to explore its clinical application for cardioprotection.
Beyond the Bottle: Niacin Deficiency and Chronic Alcoholism
Case report discussing niacin deficiency, known as Pellagra, with multisystem involvement in a chronic alcoholic. Highlights the role of niacin in energy metabolism and its conversion to NAD.
Vitamin B3 Supplementation for Optic Neuropathies: A Comprehensive Review
This comprehensive review examines the role of vitamin B3 (nicotinamide) in optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma. It discusses the potential of vitamin B3 to enhance mitochondrial metabolism in retinal ganglion cells and summarizes existing and future research on its clinical effects, dosing, efficacy, and side effects.
The use of Nicotinamide and Nicotinamide riboside as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of glaucoma
The paper reviews the potential use of nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside as adjunct therapies in glaucoma treatment. These vitamin B3 forms are NAD precursors and may help protect retinal ganglion cells by replenishing cellular NAD levels, potentially reducing vulnerability to stressors like increased intraocular pressure.
Common nutritional deficiency with unusual site of presentation
Case report of a 46-year-old Indian farmer with pellagra due to vitamin B3 deficiency, presenting with unusual dermatitis sites and mild cognitive decline. Treatment with nicotinamide led to drastic improvement.
Possible mechanisms of cancer prevention by nicotinamide
Narrative review discussing the potential mechanisms by which nicotinamide (NAM), a precursor of vitamin B3, may prevent cancer. Preclinical evidence and a Phase 3 RCT suggest NAM reduces the incidence of non-melanoma skin cancers and actinic keratosis in high-risk individuals.
Possible Adverse Effects of High-Dose Nicotinamide: Mechanisms and Safety Assessment
This narrative review examines the potential adverse effects and mechanisms of high-dose nicotinamide (NAM) use, particularly concerning its impact on genome integrity, cellular energy metabolism, and methyl metabolism. While current usage levels are deemed safe, the review highlights potential risks of epigenetic alterations with chronic high-dose NAM use and suggests future research directions.
Mechanisms of mitochondrial damage in keratinocytes by pemphigus vulgaris antibodies.
The study investigates the effects of pemphigus vulgaris (PV) antibodies on mitochondrial functions in keratinocytes and evaluates the protective effects of nicotinamide, minocycline, and cyclosporine A. These drugs showed a protective effect against mitochondrial damage and acantholysis in a mouse model of PV.
Cutaneous Manifestations of NAXD or NAXE Deficiency: A Literature Review for the Dermatologist
This narrative review examines the dermatological manifestations of NAXD and NAXE deficiencies, rare metabolic disorders with severe neurological and skin symptoms. Niacin/nicotinamide supplementation showed improvements in skin lesions and survival rates, highlighting the importance of early intervention.
Safety of nicotinamide riboside chloride as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and bioavailability of nicotinamide from this source, in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC
The EFSA Panel evaluated the safety and bioavailability of nicotinamide riboside chloride as a novel food for use in supplements. It is considered safe for healthy adults at up to 300 mg/day, with a lower safe intake for pregnant and lactating women. The substance contributes to the nicotinamide body pool and is bioavailable as a form of niacin.
Nicotinamide: Mechanism of action and indications in dermatology
Narrative review discussing the mechanism of action and indications of nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) in dermatology. It covers sources of the vitamin in diet and its forms, including nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, and tryptophan.
Protective effects of niacin against methylmercury-induced genotoxicity and alterations in antioxidant status in rats.
This study investigated the effects of niacin supplementation in rats exposed to methylmercury. Niacin reduced adverse effects of methylmercury, likely due to its antioxidant properties, as indicated by improved oxidative stress markers and reduced genotoxicity.
Niacin as a drug repositioning candidate for hyperphosphatemia management in dialysis patients
The paper reviews the potential of repurposing niacin as a treatment for hyperphosphatemia in dialysis patients. It discusses niacin's effects on reducing serum phosphorus levels and Ca-P products, as well as its benefits on lipid parameters. The review suggests niacin as a convenient and inexpensive alternative or adjunctive therapy for phosphorus management, though further trials are needed.