Research
Vitamin B2
99 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Riboflavin supplements for blood pressure lowering in adults.
Meta-analysis of four RCTs with 374 participants assessing riboflavin supplements for blood pressure lowering. The evidence is very uncertain about the effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with very low-certainty evidence suggesting little to no effect. Most studies had a high risk of bias.
Systematic Review Suggests Nutraceuticals Containing Vitamin B2 Could Provide an Alternative Treatment for Paediatric Migraines.
Systematic review summarizing evidence on the effectiveness of riboflavin (vitamin B2) or supplements containing riboflavin in preventing paediatric migraines. Seventeen studies were included, showing significant effectiveness in reducing migraine frequency, migraine days, and use of analgesics. Mixed findings were reported on headache duration, pain intensity, and disability. No negative outcomes and few side effects were reported.
Effects of deficiency or supplementation of riboflavin on energy metabolism: a systematic review with preclinical studies.
This systematic review discusses the role of riboflavin in energy metabolism, highlighting its involvement in the energy metabolism of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. Riboflavin is shown to regulate energy metabolism by activating primary metabolic pathways and maintaining energy balance homeostasis.
Steroids and Cross-Linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial II: Baseline Characteristics.
The Steroids and Cross-linking for Ulcer Treatment Trial is an NIH-funded international, randomized, double-masked, sham and placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine the benefit of adjunctive corneal cross-linking with riboflavin and/or topical difluprednate in addition to topical antibiotic drops for treatment of smear-positive bacterial ulcers. The study explores baseline characteristics for infection and ocular comorbidities of patients screened for inclusion.
Comparing vitamin B2 versus 5% dextrose in water for optimal ureteric jet visualisation at the time of pelvic reconstructive surgery: A randomised controlled trial.
Double-blinded RCT comparing preoperative vitamin B2 to intraoperative D5W for ureteric jet visualisation during pelvic reconstructive surgery in 236 women. Vitamin B2 showed high accuracy in detecting ureteric jets, lower use of fluorescein rescue, and higher surgeon satisfaction compared to D5W.
Effects of riboflavin in the treatment of brain damage caused by oxygen deprivation: an integrative systematic review.
This integrative systematic review investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of riboflavin in cerebral hypoxia/anoxia. It included 21 articles, with preclinical studies suggesting improved regulation of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis, and clinical studies showing benefits in sensorimotor function and cognitive rehabilitation.
EpiSmart Crosslinking for Keratoconus: A Phase 2 Study.
Phase 2 RCT assessing visual acuity changes after epithelium-on corneal crosslinking using riboflavin/sodium iodide and pulsed UVA exposure in subjects with keratoconus. Significant improvements in CDVA, UCVA, and Kmax were observed at 6 and 12 months, with minimal adverse events reported.
Effect of Vitamin B2 supplementation on migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of Vitamin B2 supplementation on migraine prophylaxis. Analyzing nine studies with 673 subjects, it found that Vitamin B2 significantly decreased migraine days, duration, frequency, and pain score.
Transepithelial versus epithelium-off corneal crosslinking for progressive keratoconus.
This meta-analysis compared transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) with epithelium-off CXL for progressive keratoconus. It included 13 studies with 723 eyes of 578 participants. The analysis found no significant difference in maximum keratometry or corrected-distance visual acuity between the two methods. Moderate certainty evidence suggested a slight increase in corneal haze with epithelium-off CXL. The evidence was generally of low or very low certainty due to imprecision and risk of bias.
Dietary vitamin B2 intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis evaluated the association between dietary vitamin B2 intake and breast cancer risk, analyzing ten studies with a total of 12,268 breast cancer patients. The pooled relative risk indicated that higher vitamin B2 intake is weakly related to a reduced risk of breast cancer.
Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking for Infectious Keratitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin in managing infectious keratitis. The analysis included 25 studies with 210 eyes, showing an 87.2% healing rate for eyes treated with CXL, excluding viral infections. More randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm efficacy.
Vitamin B2 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
A meta-analysis of observational studies evaluated the association of vitamin B2 intake with colorectal cancer incidence. The analysis included 8 articles with a total of 7,750 colorectal cancer cases, finding an inverse association between vitamin B2 intake and colorectal cancer risk.
Corneal collagen cross-linking for treating keratoconus.
Systematic review assessing the effectiveness and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with UVA light and riboflavin for treating keratoconus. The review included three RCTs with a total of 219 eyes analyzed. Evidence suggested that CXL may reduce corneal steepness and improve visual acuity, but the quality of evidence was very low due to biases and imprecision.
Dietary riboflavin (vitamin B2) intake and osteoporosis in U.S. female adults: unveiling of association and exploration of potential molecular mechanisms
Observational study using NHANES data to explore the association between dietary vitamin B2 intake and bone health in U.S. female adults. Higher intake of vitamin B2 was associated with reduced risk of femoral osteoporosis and improved bone mineral density levels. The study also explored potential molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in vitamin B2's effects on bone health.
A randomised controlled trial on cross-linking protocols for the treatment of progressive keratoconus using isoosmolar and hypoosmolar riboflavin with the addition of sterile water in thin corneae.
RCT comparing isoosmolar and hypoosmolar riboflavin solutions in corneal cross-linking for progressive keratoconus. No significant differences were found between the groups, but hypoosmolar riboflavin required less sterile water addition. The study supports the efficacy and safety of hypoosmolar riboflavin and sterile water in thin corneae.
Assessment of the Predictive Ability of Theranostics for Corneal Cross-linking in Treating Keratoconus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Randomized clinical trial assessing theranostic imaging biomarkers for corneal cross-linking (CXL) efficacy in treating keratoconus. The study used a UV-A medical device with theranostic software to control UV-A light and assess corneal riboflavin concentration. Results showed significant flattening of the maximum keratometry index and improvement in visual acuity, with no significant changes in endothelial cell density or central corneal thickness.
Ticagrelor modestly raises plasma riboflavin concentration in humans and inhibits riboflavin transport by BCRP and MRP4.
The study investigated the effect of ticagrelor on plasma riboflavin concentrations in humans. Ticagrelor modestly increased plasma riboflavin levels by inhibiting BCRP and MRP4 transporters, suggesting a drug-supplement interaction.
A Pilot Study To Assess the Suitability of Riboflavin As a Surrogate Marker of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein in Healthy Participants.
This study investigated the suitability of riboflavin as a biomarker for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibition in humans. Riboflavin was shown to be a substrate for several drug transporters and its pharmacokinetics were affected by BMS-986371, a BCRP inhibitor, suggesting riboflavin's potential as a BCRP biomarker.
Vitamin B-6 and riboflavin, their metabolic interaction, and relationship with MTHFR genotype in adults aged 18-102 years.
The study investigates the interaction between vitamin B-6 and riboflavin, and their relationship with MTHFR genotype in adults. It finds that riboflavin may be a limiting nutrient for maintaining vitamin B-6 status, especially in individuals with the MTHFR 677TT genotype. Older adults had lower PLP concentrations, and riboflavin deficiency was associated with decreased PLP levels.
The effect of riboflavin supplementation on the systemic redox status in healthy volunteers: A post-hoc analysis of the RIBOGUT trial.
Post-hoc analysis of the RIBOGUT trial, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on riboflavin supplementation in healthy volunteers. Riboflavin did not significantly change systemic redox status as measured by serum free thiols, but changes in thiol levels were inversely associated with changes in CRP levels. Albumin-adjusted free thiols were positively associated with faecal F. prausnitzii abundance.
Cool Crosslinking: Riboflavin at 4°C for Pain Management After Crosslinking for Keratoconus Patients, A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This randomized clinical trial explored corneal cooling with riboflavin at 4°C as a method of pain management in corneal-accelerated collagen cross-linking for keratoconus patients. The study found that pain and associated symptoms decreased significantly in the riboflavin 4°C group compared to the control group.
Urine staining intensity and observation of intraoperative ureteral jets among oral agents.
A three-arm double-blinded RCT compared riboflavin, phenazopyridine, and thiamine (placebo) for visualizing ureteral jets during cystoscopy. Riboflavin showed moderate or intense staining in 57% of cases, but no significant difference compared to placebo. Phenazopyridine showed significantly greater urine staining than both riboflavin and placebo.
Riboflavin Supplementation in Patients with Crohn's Disease [the RISE-UP study].
Prospective clinical intervention study of 70 patients with Crohn's disease receiving 100 mg riboflavin daily for 3 weeks. Riboflavin supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of inflammatory markers and clinical disease activity (HBI). Mixed effects on oxidative stress and faecal microbiome composition were observed.
Hemostatic efficacy of pathogen-inactivated vs untreated platelets: a randomized controlled trial.
Randomized noninferiority trial comparing pathogen-inactivated platelets using riboflavin and UV B illumination technology to standard plasma-stored platelets for preventing bleeding in patients with hematologic malignancies and thrombocytopenia. The noninferiority criterion was met in the intention-to-treat analysis but not in the per-protocol analysis.
Prospective Randomized Trial of Corneal Cross-linking Riboflavin Dosing Frequencies for Treatment of Keratoconus and Corneal Ectasia.
Prospective randomized trial comparing 2-minute and 5-minute riboflavin dosing intervals for corneal cross-linking in patients with keratoconus or ectasia. Both dosing regimens produced equivalent reductions in maximum keratometry value with a favorable safety profile.
Prophylaxis of migraine headaches with riboflavin: A systematic review.
Systematic review of riboflavin's role in migraine prophylaxis. Eleven clinical trials show mixed effects: five show positive effects in adults, four show mixed effects in pediatric and adolescent patients, and two combination therapy trials show no benefit. Riboflavin is well tolerated and inexpensive.
Three-month B vitamin supplementation in pre-school children affects folate status and homocysteine, but not cognitive performance.
RCT of 250 kindergarten children with suboptimal folate status receiving daily supplementation of folic acid, B vitamins, and calcium for 3 months. The intervention improved blood folate and decreased homocysteine levels but did not affect cognitive performance.
Epithelium-off photochemical corneal collagen cross-linkage using riboflavin and ultraviolet a for keratoconus and keratectasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on epithelium-off photochemical corneal collagen cross-linkage using riboflavin and ultraviolet A for keratoconus and keratectasia. Statistically significant improvements were found in visual acuity, topography, refraction and astigmatism, and central corneal thickness at 12 months post-operation. Common side effects included pain, corneal edema, and corneal haze.
Riboflavin status in acutely ill patients and response to dietary supplements.
RCT of 297 hospitalized, acutely ill older patients receiving a daily oral nutritional supplement containing 1.3 mg of riboflavin or placebo for 6 weeks. Riboflavin status improved significantly in the supplement group at 6 weeks compared to placebo, but declined after stopping supplementation.
Studies of biomarker responses to intervention with riboflavin: a systematic review.
Systematic review assessing the effectiveness of different biomarkers of riboflavin status through supplementation trials. EGRac and basal glutathione reductase activity were found to be effective biomarkers of altered riboflavin intake, while plasma total homocysteine was not effective in the general population but may be useful in those with a specific MTHFR gene polymorphism.
Responses of biomarkers of folate and riboflavin status to folate and riboflavin supplementation in healthy and colorectal polyp patients (the FAB2 Study).
The FAB2 Study was a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of folic acid and riboflavin supplementation on biomarkers of nutrient status in 98 healthy controls and 106 patients with colorectal polyps. Folic acid supplementation significantly increased mucosal 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate and RBC and plasma levels, with a dose-response. Riboflavin supplementation improved riboflavin status and enhanced the response to low-dose folate in individuals with the MTHFR C677T variant.
Treatment of alcoholic polyneuropathy with vitamin B complex: a randomised controlled trial.
A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 325 patients with alcoholic polyneuropathy evaluated the efficacy of a vitamin B complex. The study compared an 'old formulation' (vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12) and a 'new formulation' (same plus folic acid) against placebo over 12 weeks. Both formulations significantly improved symptoms compared to placebo.
The Linxian cataract studies. Two nutrition intervention trials.
Two randomized, double-masked trials in Linxian, China, tested multivitamin/mineral supplements on cataract risk. Trial 1 showed a 36% reduction in nuclear cataract prevalence for ages 65-74 with supplements. Trial 2 found a 44% reduction with riboflavin/niacin in the same age group, but a deleterious effect on posterior subcapsular cataracts.
Topical riboflavin versus 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of mild to moderate acne: A split-face randomized study.
This split-face randomized study compared the efficacy and adverse events of riboflavin-PDT versus ALA-PDT in treating mild to moderate facial acne in 30 patients. Both treatments significantly reduced acne lesions, but riboflavin-PDT had fewer adverse events such as pain, erythema, hyperpigmentation, and desquamation compared to ALA-PDT.
Early findings in a prospective randomised study on three cross-linking treatment protocols: interruption of the iontophoresis treatment protocol.
Randomised clinical trial comparing three riboflavin delivery methods for corneal cross-linking in progressive keratoconus. The iontophoresis-assisted delivery method failed to halt disease progression in 27% of patients, increasing to 38% when considering truly progressive cases.
The Effect of a Single Bout of Exercise on Vitamin B2 Status Is Not Different between High- and Low-Fit Females.
This study investigated the effect of a single exercise bout on vitamin B2 status, measured by EGRAC, in high-fit and low-fit females. A single exercise bout significantly increased EGR activity in both groups, but did not affect EGRAC, indicating that vitamin B2 status was not affected by fitness level.
Improved in vitro quality of stored red blood cells upon oxygen reduction prior to riboflavin/UV light treatment of whole blood.
The study evaluated the impact of deoxygenation of whole blood prior to riboflavin/UV light treatment versus deoxygenation of red blood cell concentrates after pathogen inactivation treatment. Results showed that deoxygenation at the whole blood level may decrease the deterioration in red blood cell concentrate quality caused by riboflavin/UV light treatment.
Transepithelial corneal crosslinking for keratoconus.
Prospective case series evaluating transepithelial corneal crosslinking (CXL) using riboflavin 0.1% for keratoconus treatment. Significant improvements in maximum keratometry and uncorrected distance visual acuity were observed over 1 year, with transient corneal erosion and epitheliopathy reported in 21% of eyes.
Riboflavin as an independent and accurate biomarker for adherence in a randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial.
The study assessed oral riboflavin as an adherence marker in a 2-year randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Riboflavin showed high accuracy as a binary classifier of adherence, comparable to daidzein and genistein.
A randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the performance and safety of platelets treated with MIRASOL pathogen reduction technology.
This RCT evaluated the efficacy and safety of pathogen reduction technology using riboflavin and ultraviolet light on platelets in patients with chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. The study found that PRT-PLTs did not meet noninferiority criteria based on the 1-hour corrected count increment compared to reference platelet products.
Efficacy of fortification of school meals with ferrous glycine phosphate and riboflavin against anemia and angular stomatitis in schoolchildren.
RCT testing the efficacy of fortifying school meals with ferrous glycine phosphate and riboflavin in reducing anemia and angular stomatitis in schoolchildren. The experimental group showed a significant reduction in anemia and angular stomatitis prevalence after 100 days of intervention over 6 months.
Study Protocol: randomised controlled trial to investigate the functional significance of marginal riboflavin status in young women in the UK (RIBOFEM).
RCT investigating the effect of riboflavin supplementation on haematological status in moderately riboflavin deficient young women aged 19 to 25 years. 123 women were randomized to receive 2 mg, 4 mg riboflavin or placebo for 8 weeks. The study also included an iron bioavailability arm to assess the effect on iron absorption or utilisation.
A randomized controlled trial of corneal collagen cross-linking in progressive keratoconus: preliminary results.
This randomized controlled trial investigates the efficacy and safety of corneal collagen cross-linking using 0.1% riboflavin and UVA irradiation in progressive keratoconus. Interim results show a flattening of the steepest simulated keratometry value in treated eyes, suggesting temporary stabilization.
Riboflavin status in acute ischaemic stroke.
RCT measuring riboflavin status in 96 acute ischaemic stroke patients before and after supplementation. Patients were randomly assigned to receive 5 mg of riboflavin and other B-group vitamins or no B-vitamins for 14 days. Riboflavin supplementation significantly improved riboflavin status compared to the control group.
Randomized controlled trial of homocysteine-lowering vitamin treatment in elderly patients with vascular disease.
RCT of folic acid plus vitamin B-12, riboflavin, and vitamin B-6 in 185 elderly patients with ischemic vascular disease. Folic acid plus vitamin B-12 lowered homocysteine levels but did not significantly affect cognitive performance or other vascular markers.
Structure and transport mechanism of human riboflavin transporters
The study describes the cryo-electron microscopy structures of human riboflavin transporters RFVT2 and RFVT3 in complex with riboflavin. It reveals the structural basis for riboflavin transport and the determinant for pH-dependent activity of RFVT3, providing insights into riboflavin recognition, transport, and pathology.
Safety of a feed additive consisting of vitamin B2/riboflavin produced with Eremothecium ashbyi CCTCCM 2019833 for all animal species (Hubei Guangji Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd)
The paper assesses the safety of a feed additive consisting of vitamin B2/riboflavin produced with Eremothecium ashbyi for use in animal nutrition. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive is of no safety concern for target species and consumers under proposed conditions, though it is a respiratory sensitiser.
Metabolism of FAD, FMN and riboflavin (vitamin B2) in the human parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni
The study investigates the metabolism of riboflavin and its metabolites FAD and FMN in the parasitic blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. It shows that schistosomes can cleave exogenous FAD to generate FMN and riboflavin, facilitated by the ecto-enzymes SmNPP5 and SmAP. The study also identifies schistosome homologs of enzymes involved in intracellular vitamin B2 metabolism.
A Computational Study of a Prebiotic Synthesis of D-Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Computational study using ab initio applied computing to determine the viability of a mechanism for the formation of riboflavin from planetary and interstellar gases. The study characterizes intermediates and establishes activation energies for the synthesis of riboflavin (Vitamin B2).
Antivitamine oder Trojanische Pferde in der Mikrobiologie
The paper studies the structural riboflavin (vitamin B2) analog roseoflavin, synthesized by Streptomyces davaonensis. It investigates the biosynthesis, mechanism of action, and resistance mechanism of roseoflavin, highlighting its broad impact on the soil microbiome.
Microencapsulation of Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) using Alginate and Chitosan : Effect of Alginate and Chitosan Concentration upon Microcapsule Diameter
The study investigates the microencapsulation process of riboflavin using alginate and chitosan, focusing on how the concentrations of these materials affect microcapsule diameter. Results indicate that increasing chitosan concentration reduces microcapsule size, while alginate concentration has little effect.
Microencapsulation of riboflavin (vitamin B2) using alginate and chitosan : effect of alginate and chitosan concentration upon encapsulation efficiency
The study investigates the microencapsulation of riboflavin using Na-alginate and chitosan to improve its stability. It examines the effect of Na-alginate and chitosan concentrations on encapsulation efficiency, finding that higher concentrations increase efficiency up to an optimum point.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking Using Iontophoresis with the Dresden Protocol in Progressive Keratoconus.
RCT comparing transepithelial corneal cross-linking using iontophoresis with the Dresden protocol in 34 eyes with progressive keratoconus. Significant visual and refractive improvements were found 12 months after T-ionto CL, though the average improvement in corneal topography readings was slightly lower than the Dresden protocol.
Treatment Effect and Corneal Light Scattering With 2 Corneal Cross-linking Protocols: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Open-label randomized clinical trial of 43 patients with progressive keratoconus comparing conventional corneal cross-linking (CXL) using the Dresden protocol to CXL with mechanical compression (CRXL). The study assessed changes in corneal densitometry and found that densitometry increased after both treatments, with a more pronounced effect in the CXL group. The increase diminished over time but was still noticeable at 6 months.
Corneal collagen cross-linking with and without epithelial removal: a contralateral study with 0.5% hypotonic riboflavin solution.
RCT comparing 'epithelium-on' and 'epithelium-off' corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in 20 patients with bilateral progressive keratoconus using hypotonic 0.5% riboflavin as a photosensitizer. Both methods were equally safe and effective in stabilizing keratoconus, with no significant improvements in topography and aberrometry outcomes. Postoperative pain was shorter in the 'epithelium-on' group.
Riboflavin supplementation and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in the elderly.
A four-week randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial of riboflavin supplementation in 42 elderly individuals with low riboflavin status. Riboflavin supplementation significantly decreased plasma total homocysteine and EGRAC, but not plasma ferritin, uric acid, or C-reactive protein.
Effects of short-term folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma total homocysteine concentrations in young Japanese male subjects.
Double-blind RCT in 32 healthy young Japanese males assessing the effects of folic acid and/or riboflavin supplementation on serum folate and plasma homocysteine levels. Folic acid increased serum folate and decreased homocysteine levels, while riboflavin may have blunted folic acid's effect on homocysteine.
Effects of vitamin-B complex supplementation on periodontal wound healing.
RCT of 30 patients with chronic periodontitis comparing vitamin B complex supplementation to placebo following access flap surgery. Vitamin B complex resulted in statistically significant superior clinical attachment level gains compared to placebo.
Efficacy of apheresis platelets treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet light for pathogen reduction.
Single-blind crossover study investigating the efficacy of apheresis platelets treated with riboflavin (vitamin B2) and ultraviolet light for pathogen reduction. The study found that treated platelets maintained content and metabolic properties similar to pathogen-reduced components, though recovery and survival were reduced compared to controls.
A combination of riboflavin, magnesium, and feverfew for migraine prophylaxis: a randomized trial.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a compound containing riboflavin, magnesium, and feverfew for migraine prophylaxis. No significant difference was found between active and placebo groups in reducing migraines, though both groups showed significant reductions compared to baseline.
[Treatment of keratoconus by collagen cross linking].
RCT treating 16 eyes of 15 patients with progressive keratoconus using riboflavin/UVA-induced collagen cross-linking. The progression of keratectasia was stopped in all patients, with slight improvements in visual acuity and keratometry values in about 50% of cases. Corneal transparency and endothelial cell density remained unchanged, with no negative side-effects observed.
Riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status and biochemical response to riboflavin supplementation in free-living elderly people.
Study assessed riboflavin and vitamin B-6 intakes and status in 92 elderly subjects, with a subgroup receiving riboflavin supplementation. Despite adequate dietary intakes, many had suboptimal nutrient status. Riboflavin supplementation improved biochemical indicators of both riboflavin and vitamin B-6, suggesting riboflavin as the limiting nutrient.
Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis. A randomized controlled trial.
RCT comparing high-dose riboflavin (400 mg) to placebo in 55 migraine patients over 3 months. Riboflavin was superior in reducing attack frequency and headache days, with 59% of riboflavin patients improving by at least 50% compared to 15% for placebo.
Riboflavin deficiency and iron absorption in adult Gambian men.
RCT measuring iron absorption in riboflavin-deficient Gambian men before and after riboflavin therapy. Riboflavin status and hemoglobin increased in the supplemented group, but iron absorption was unaffected. The study suggests impaired iron utilization in riboflavin deficiency.
A simple fluorimetric assay for pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase in erythrocyte haemolysates: effects of riboflavin supplementation and of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
The study measured pyridoxamine phosphate oxidase activity in erythrocyte haemolysates from 72 Gambian women with riboflavin deficiency, before and after 6 weeks of placebo or riboflavin supplementation. Riboflavin supplementation increased enzyme activity and decreased the activation coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase.
Riboflavin requirements of lactating Gambian women: a controlled supplementation trial.
A controlled supplementation trial with 60 lactating Gambian women receiving either 2 mg riboflavin or placebo daily for 12 weeks. The supplemented group showed improved biochemical markers of riboflavin status and increased breast milk riboflavin levels, suggesting that a total intake of about 2.5 mg/day is sufficient to maintain normal biochemical status during lactation.
Vitamin B2 Operates by Dual Thermodynamic and Kinetic Mechanisms to Selectively Tailor Urate Crystallization.
The study demonstrates how riboflavin (vitamin B2) controls the crystallization of ammonium urate, associated with cetacean kidney stones, through dual thermodynamic and kinetic mechanisms. Riboflavin inhibits crystal growth by 80% and promotes crystal dissolution by forming complexes with urate molecules, offering insights for crystal engineering and therapeutic development.
Mutation of the P. falciparum flavokinase confers resistance to roseoflavin and 8-aminoriboflavin
The study investigates the mechanism of resistance to roseoflavin and 8-aminoriboflavin in P. falciparum by generating roseoflavin-resistant parasites. A missense mutation in the flavokinase gene was identified, leading to reduced binding affinity for roseoflavin and resistance. The study suggests that these riboflavin analogues inhibit parasite growth by inhibiting FMN production.
Nanoencapsulation of vitamin B2 using chitosan‐modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro studies on simulated gastrointestinal stability and delivery
The study explores the use of chitosan-coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles to enhance the bioavailability of vitamin B2. The encapsulation improved the photostability and prolonged release of vitamin B2, with higher uptake in intestinal epithelial cells, suggesting potential for improved delivery in food and nutraceutical applications.
Application of multi-omic features clustering and pathway enrichment to clarify the impact of vitamin B2 supplementation on broiler caeca microbiome
The study applied multi-omic features clustering and pathway enrichment to assess the impact of vitamin B2 supplementation on the caeca microbiome of broilers. Results showed that vitamin B2 supplementation led to beneficial taxonomic changes and increased concentrations of myo-inositol, formic acid, amino acids, and pyruvate, indicating enhanced glycolysis and amino acid biosynthesis.
Vitamin B2‐Based Ferroptosis Promoter for Sono‐Enhanced Nanocatalytic Therapy of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
The study investigates a vitamin B2-ferric chloride nanocomplex for promoting ferroptosis in triple-negative breast cancer. The nanocomplex enhances iron accumulation and oxidative stress, facilitating reactive oxygen species production and nanocatalytic therapy. The combination with metformin boosts ferroptosis in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, showing augmented antitumor efficacy with minimal adverse effects.
Riboflavin for COVID-19 Adjuvant Treatment in Patients With Mental Health Disorders: Observational Study
Observational study on the influence of riboflavin (vitamin B2) supplementation on immune markers in COVID-19 patients with mental health disorders. Riboflavin correlated with normalization of immune markers and decreased inflammation, suggesting potential benefits for COVID-19 treatment.
Vitamin B2 Prevents Glucocorticoid-Caused Damage of Blood Vessels in Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head
The study investigates the effect of vitamin B2 on glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) using a rat model and HUVECs in vitro. Vitamin B2 was found to inhibit ONFH-like changes by suppressing cell apoptosis, promoting blood vessel regeneration, and increasing bone mass. It also enhanced angiogenesis-related factors and inhibited apoptosis in HUVECs, potentially through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) Deficiency Induces Apoptosis Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and the CHOP Pathway in HepG2 Cells
The study investigates the effect of riboflavin deficiency on ER stress and apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Riboflavin deficiency inhibited cell proliferation, caused ER stress, and increased apoptosis through the CHOP pathway. ER stress inhibitor and CHOP knockdown alleviated these effects.
Riboflavin Inhibits Histamine-Dependent Itch by Modulating Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)
The study investigates the molecular mechanism of riboflavin on histamine-dependent itch using behavioral tests and electrophysiological experiments in mice. Riboflavin significantly reduced histamine-induced scratching behaviors and inhibited histamine- and capsaicin-induced currents, suggesting its potential as a treatment for histamine-dependent itch.
Evaluation of the Physiological Corneal Intrastromal Riboflavin Concentration and the Corneal Elastic Modulus After Violet Light Irradiation.
The study evaluates the physiological intrastromal concentrations of riboflavin in corneas and the biomechanics of corneas after violet light irradiation. It identifies physiological riboflavin in human corneas without additional riboflavin drops and suggests that violet light exposure may strengthen corneal biomechanics.
Probiotic Potential of a Novel Vitamin B2-Overproducing Lactobacillus plantarum Strain, HY7715, Isolated from Kimchi
The study isolated a novel Lactobacillus plantarum strain, HY7715, from Kimchi, which overproduces vitamin B2 (riboflavin). HY7715 demonstrated high riboflavin production in vitro and increased riboflavin levels in plasma and urine in riboflavin-deficient mice. The strain showed probiotic potential with high survival in gastrointestinal conditions and no hemolytic activity.
Expression of yeast homolog of the mammal BCRP gene coding for riboflavin efflux protein activates vitamin B2 production in the flavinogenic yeast Candida famata
The study investigates the expression of a yeast homolog of the mammal BCRP gene in Candida famata, leading to increased production and excretion of riboflavin (vitamin B2). Transformants overexpressed the gene, producing 1.4- to 1.8-fold more riboflavin compared to the parental strain, with confirmed membrane localization of the riboflavin excretase.
Glycolate is a Novel Marker of Vitamin B2 Deficiency Involved in Gut Microbe Metabolism in Mice
The study investigates the role of gut microbiota in vitamin B2 deficiency in mice. Glycolate was identified as a novel marker of vitamin B2 deficiency, with gut microbiota accumulating glycolate in response to dietary vitamin B2 deficiency. The findings suggest that gut microbiota can compensate for short-term vitamin B2 deficiency.
The Alleviative Effect of Vitamin B2 on Potassium Bromate-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Rats
The study investigates the ameliorative efficacy of riboflavin (vitamin B2) on potassium bromate-induced hepatotoxicity in male rats. Riboflavin showed dose-dependent alleviation of liver toxicity, favoring apoptosis and suppressing necrosis in potassium bromate-challenged groups.
Determination of Vitamin B2 Content in Black, Green, Sage, and Rosemary Tea Infusions by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection
The study reports the detection of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) content in black, green, sage, and rosemary tea infusions using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. It evaluates the correlation between vitamin B2 content, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity, finding sage infusions have the highest riboflavin content.
Determination of Vitamin B2 contents in Black, Green, Sage, and Rosemary Tea Infusions by Capillary Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection
The study reports the detection of Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in black, green, sage, and rosemary tea infusions using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. It evaluates the correlation between Vitamin B2 contents, total phenolics, and antioxidant capacity, finding sage infusions have the highest riboflavin content.
The Fuss Over Lipo“fuss”cin: Not All Autofluorescence is the Same
The study investigates the source of autofluorescence in epithelial cancer stem cells (CSCs), concluding that riboflavin, not lipofuscin, is responsible. The research shows that riboflavin is a substrate for the ATP-dependent transporter ABCG2, which is overexpressed in autofluorescent CSCs, and that riboflavin addition restores autofluorescence in vitamin-deprived CSC cultures.
Triple therapy with deferiprone, idebenone and riboflavin in Friedreich's ataxia - open-label trial.
Open-label trial testing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of triple therapy with deferiprone, idebenone, and riboflavin in 13 Friedreich's ataxia patients. The study found some uncertain benefit on neurological and heart functions, with four patients discontinuing due to adverse events related to deferiprone.
Riboflavin and riboflavin-derived cofactors in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa.
The study assessed riboflavin and its cofactors in 17 adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa compared to 17 healthy controls. Anorectic patients had higher erythrocyte riboflavin, lower plasma flavin adenine dinucleotide, and higher urinary organic acid concentrations. Low triiodothyronine levels in anorexia nervosa may affect riboflavin metabolism.
Clinical trial of riboflavin in sickle cell disease.
RCT assessing the effect of riboflavin supplementation (5mg twice daily for 8 weeks) on blood glutathione and iron status in 18 patients with sickle cell disease. Riboflavin increased serum iron and transferrin saturation, with little change in GSH levels in supplemented patients, suggesting riboflavin enhances erythropoiesis.
Need for riboflavin supplementation in small prematures fed with human milk.
RCT analyzing riboflavin status in 39 premature infants fed with human milk, comparing 19 with riboflavin supplementation to 20 without. At 6 weeks, 47% of unsupplemented infants showed riboflavin deficiency, while supplemented infants had better riboflavin status. Riboflavin concentration in milk was influenced by maternal supplementation.
Revitalising Riboflavin: Unveiling Its Timeless Significance in Human Physiology and Health
Narrative review discussing the significance of riboflavin (vitamin B2) in human physiology and health. Highlights its role as a coenzyme in metabolism, energy production, erythrocyte synthesis, and vitamin metabolism, as well as its impact on neurological function, skin health, cardiovascular well-being, and immune function.
Riboflavin intake and status and relationship to anemia.
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on riboflavin's role in metabolic processes and its biochemical status. It discusses the available evidence on the role of riboflavin in anemia among different populations, highlighting its importance in energy production, antioxidant protection, and iron absorption.
Riboflavin: The Health Benefits of a Forgotten Natural Vitamin
Narrative review discussing the health benefits of riboflavin, a B-vitamin, highlighting its protective effects against conditions like sepsis and ischemia, and its potential to reduce cancer risk. The review covers riboflavin's anti-oxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, and anti-cancer properties, as well as its interactions with other compounds and drugs.
Riboflavin Deficiency—Implications for General Human Health and Inborn Errors of Metabolism
This review discusses the role of riboflavin in human health, highlighting its importance in cellular processes and its benefits in treating inborn errors of metabolism. It emphasizes the impact of riboflavin deficiency and the positive effects of supplementation.
Vitamin B2 blocks development of Alzheimer’s disease in APP/PS1 transgenic mice via anti-oxidative mechanism
The study investigated the effect of vitamin B2 on Alzheimer's disease development in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Vitamin B2 significantly improved cognitive function and reduced oxidative stress markers, suggesting its protective role against ROS-induced AD damage through antioxidant properties and Nrf2 pathway activation.
A vitamin-B2-sensing mechanism that regulates gut protease activity to impact animal’s food behavior and growth
The study analyzes the intestinal response to vitamin B2 deficiency in Caenorhabditis elegans, demonstrating that VB2 levels impact food uptake and foraging behavior by regulating protease gene expression and intestinal protease activity. The impact is mediated by TORC1 signaling, highlighting a VB2-sensing/response pathway that regulates food-uptake and the role of gut microbiota in supplying micronutrients.
[Corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A light in progressive keratoconus. Results after 10-year follow-up].
This study evaluated the long-term effects of riboflavin and ultraviolet-A induced corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus. Over a 10-year follow-up, significant improvements were observed in keratometry values and best corrected visual acuity, indicating the procedure's effectiveness in stabilizing keratoconus.
Trans epithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus: 6 months follow up.
Prospective non-comparative case series study evaluating biomechanical changes in keratoconus after transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking using riboflavin and UVA. Significant improvement in best corrected visual acuity was observed after 6 months, with no significant changes in other measured parameters.
Plasma and urine riboflavin and pyridoxine concentrations in enterally fed very-low-birth-weight neonates.
The study evaluated plasma and urine concentrations of riboflavin and pyridoxine in 57 very-low-birth-weight infants receiving preterm infant formulas. Plasma and urine concentrations of both vitamins increased significantly from baseline by 1 week of age and remained elevated throughout the first postnatal month, suggesting high intake and immature renal development as contributing factors.
Safety and efficacy of vitamin B2 (riboflavin and riboflavin 5’-phosphate ester monosodium salt) produced by Bacillus subtilis for all animal species based on a dossier submitted by DSM
The paper evaluates the safety and efficacy of riboflavin and riboflavin 5’-phosphate sodium produced by genetically modified Bacillus subtilis strains for use in animal nutrition. The additives are considered safe for target animals and effective in meeting nutritional requirements without posing risks to consumers or the environment.
Molybdenum, xanthine oxidase and riboflavin levels in tamoxifen treated postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
Study of postmenopausal women with breast cancer, comparing untreated and tamoxifen-treated groups. Tamoxifen treatment led to a significant increase in molybdenum, xanthine oxidase, and riboflavin levels after 6 months, suggesting amelioration of the diseased condition.
Interaction between rat lactic dehydrogenase M4 isozyme and vitamin B2 derivatives.
The study investigates the interaction between rat lactic dehydrogenase M4 isozyme and vitamin B2 derivatives, specifically FMN. Chemical modifications of amino acid residues such as histidine, arginine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were performed to study their effects on LDH activity and FMN reaction. The study found that tryptophan residue modification slightly inactivated LDH, but this was prevented when FMN reacted with the zymoprotein beforehand.