Research

Valerian Root

78 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

3
Meta-analyses
3
Systematic reviews
52
RCTs
20
Other studies
Meta-analyses (4%)
Systematic reviews (4%)
RCTs (67%)
Observational (6%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2024·European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Valéria Valente, Daniela Machado, Susana Jorge, et al

Does valerian work for insomnia? An umbrella review of the evidence.

Systematic reviewSleep -

Umbrella review of systematic reviews on the efficacy of valerian for sleep disturbances, focusing on insomnia. The review found no evidence of efficacy for insomnia treatment, though valerian may improve subjective sleep quality. Further high-quality RCTs are recommended due to the heterogeneity and low quality of existing studies.

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2020·Journal of evidence-based integrative medicine·Noriko Shinjyo, Guy Waddell, Julia Green

Valerian Root in Treating Sleep Problems and Associated Disorders-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 6,894Sleep Stress

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 60 studies (n=6,894) evaluating valerian's effectiveness for sleep problems and associated disorders. Meta-analyses showed valerian improved subjective sleep quality and reduced anxiety. Inconsistent outcomes were attributed to variable quality of herbal extracts. Valerian was found to be safe with no severe adverse events.

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2020·Phytotherapy Research·M. Keck, Simon Nicolussi, K. Spura, et al

Effect of the fixed combination of valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, and butterbur extracts (Ze 185) on the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines in hospitalized psychiatric patients—A retrospective case‐control investigation

Case-controln = 3,252Stress

Retrospective case-control study of 3,252 psychiatric in-house patients comparing the prescription pattern of benzodiazepines with and without the herbal extract combination Ze 185 (valerian, lemon balm, passionflower, butterbur). The Ze 185 group had significantly fewer benzodiazepine prescriptions, suggesting it as a potential alternative for stress management.

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2006·The American journal of medicine·Stephen Bent, Amy Padula, Dan Moore, et al

Valerian for sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 1,093Sleep

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomized, placebo-controlled trials examining valerian for improving sleep quality in 1093 patients. The review found a statistically significant benefit in sleep quality with valerian, though methodological issues and publication bias were noted.

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2023·Advances in Therapy·Harshith Chandra Shekhar, Lincy Joshua, Jestin Thomas

Standardized Extract of Valeriana officinalis Improves Overall Sleep Quality in Human Subjects with Sleep Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Study

RCTn = 80Sleep Stress

RCT of 80 adults with sleep complaints comparing Valeriana officinalis extract to placebo for 8 weeks. The valerian group showed significant improvements in sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and total sleep time, as well as decreased anxiety and daytime sleepiness.

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2021·Chinese journal of integrative medicine·Halimeh Khaton Zare Elmi, Mohammad Gholami, Mandana Saki, et al

Efficacy of Valerian Extract on Sleep Quality after Coronary Artery bypass Graft Surgery: A Triple-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 72Sleep

Triple-blind RCT assessing the effect of 530 mg valerian root extract on sleep quality in patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Valerian significantly improved total sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, and daytime dysfunction compared to placebo over 30 nights.

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2021·Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine·B. Alikiaie, Erfan Shahmoradi, Afsaneh Yekdaneh, et al

Addition of Valerian and Lemon Balm Extract to Quetiapine Reduces Agitation in Critically Ill Patients with Delirium: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial

RCTn = 53Stress

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the addition of valerian and lemon balm (Neurogol syrup) to quetiapine in 53 ICU patients with delirium. The treatment group showed a significant reduction in agitation and ICU stay length compared to placebo, with no adverse effects.

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2011·The journal of supportive oncology·Debra L Barton, Pamela J Atherton, Brent A Bauer, et al

The use of Valeriana officinalis (Valerian) in improving sleep in patients who are undergoing treatment for cancer: a phase III randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (NCCTG Trial, N01C5).

RCTn = 227Sleep -Energy

Phase III RCT evaluating 450 mg valerian supplementation for sleep improvement in cancer patients undergoing treatment. The primary outcome showed no significant improvement in sleep quality as measured by PSQI. However, exploratory analyses indicated improvements in fatigue and some secondary outcomes.

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2010·Sleep medicine·Maria Isabel Fernández-San-Martín, Roser Masa-Font, Laura Palacios-Soler, et al

Effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Meta-analysisSleep

Meta-analysis of 18 RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia. Valerian showed a relative risk of sleep-quality improvement of 1.37 compared to placebo, but no significant differences in latency time or standardized mean differences. The study suggests subjective improvement but not demonstrated with quantitative measures.

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2007·PloS one·Andrew D Oxman, Signe Flottorp, Kari Håvelsrud, et al

A televised, web-based randomised trial of an herbal remedy (valerian) for insomnia.

RCTn = 405Sleep

RCT conducted via television and the Internet in Norway, involving 405 participants with insomnia. Valerian was compared to placebo over two weeks. The valerian group showed modest improvements in sleep quality, night awakenings, and sleep duration, but differences were not statistically significant. Valerian appears safe with modest beneficial effects on insomnia.

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2007·Sleep medicine reviews·Diana M Taibi, Carol A Landis, Heidi Petry, et al

A systematic review of valerian as a sleep aid: safe but not effective.

Systematic reviewSleep -

Systematic review of 37 studies on valerian as a sleep aid. Most studies found no significant differences between valerian and placebo for sleep improvement. Valerian is considered safe but not effective for insomnia.

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2002·European journal of medical research·G Ziegler, M Ploch, A Miettinen-Baumann, et al

Efficacy and tolerability of valerian extract LI 156 compared with oxazepam in the treatment of non-organic insomnia--a randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical study.

RCTn = 202Sleep

RCT comparing 600 mg/die valerian extract LI 156 to 10 mg/die oxazepam in 202 patients with non-organic insomnia over 6 weeks. Valerian was at least as efficacious as oxazepam in improving sleep quality, with both treatments showing significant improvements from baseline.

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2025·Brain and behavior·Nathalie Schicktanz, Christiane Gerhards, Thomas Schlitt, et al

Effects of a Valerian-Hops Extract Combination (Ze 91019) on Sleep Duration and Daytime Cognitive and Psychological Parameters in Occasional Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.

RCTn = 40Sleep

RCT evaluating the effect of a valerian and hops-based herbal medication (Ze 91019) on sleep duration and daytime cognitive and psychological parameters in individuals with occasional insomnia. Ze 91019 significantly increased sleep duration without affecting cognitive or psychological outcomes.

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2023·Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy·Iman Hajizadeh, Mahdieh Jamshidi, Majid Kazemi, et al

Comparison the effect of valerian and gabapentin on RLS and sleep quality in hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 40Sleep -

Randomized clinical trial comparing the effects of valerian and gabapentin on restless legs syndrome (RLS) and sleep quality in 40 hemodialysis patients. Gabapentin was more effective than valerian in improving RLS, but both were equally effective in improving sleep quality.

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2023·Archives of The Medicine and Case Reports·Shinny Ria Pratiwi

The Effect of Valerian Root Extract on Reducing Dysmenorrhea Pain Levels and Endorphin Hormone Levels in Women of Childbearing Age

RCTn = 36Womens Health Stress Mood

This study used a pretest posttest randomized control group design to analyze the effect of valerian root extract on dysmenorrhea pain levels and endorphin levels in women of childbearing age. The intervention group received 100 mg of valerian root extract and showed a significant reduction in dysmenorrhea pain and an increase in endorphin levels compared to the control group.

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2022·Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)·Fiona Dodd, David Kennedy, Emma Wightman, et al

The chronic effects of a combination of herbal extracts (Euphytose) on psychological mood state and response to a laboratory stressor: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double blind study in healthy humans.

RCTn = 31Mood Stress

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study assessed the effects of a multi-herb extract preparation (Euphytose) containing valerian, passionflower, hawthorn, and ballota on psychological state and stress responses in 31 healthy participants. The herbal combination reduced subjective anxiety and lowered physiological stress markers such as salivary α-amylase and galvanic skin response compared to placebo.

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2021·Oman Medical Journal·Mohammad Reza Tammadon, Monir Nobahar, Zaynab Hydarinia-Naieni, et al

The Effects of Valerian on Sleep Quality, Depression, and State Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover Clinical Trial

RCTn = 39Sleep Mood Stress

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial studied the effects of valerian on sleep quality, depression, and state anxiety in 39 hemodialysis patients. Valerian significantly improved sleep quality, and reduced symptoms of state anxiety and depression compared to placebo.

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2019·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Daeyoung Roh, Jae Hoon Jung, Kyung Hee Yoon, et al

Valerian extract alters functional brain connectivity: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 64Stress

This 4-week, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of valerian root extract (VRE) on functional brain connectivity and anxiety in 64 nonclinical volunteers with psychological stress. While both VRE and placebo groups showed improvements on clinical scales, the VRE group exhibited significantly greater changes in EEG coherence, suggesting altered brain connectivity related to anxiety.

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2017·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·Sibylle Meier, Manuel Haschke, Catherine Zahner, et al

Effects of a fixed herbal drug combination (Ze 185) to an experimental acute stress setting in healthy men - An explorative randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study.

RCTn = 72Stress

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the effects of Ze 185, a combination of valerian, passion flower, lemon balm, and butterbur extracts, on stress responses in 72 healthy men. Ze 185 significantly reduced self-reported anxiety responses to acute psychosocial stress without affecting salivary cortisol levels.

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2017·Women & health·Ensiyeh Jenabi, Fatemeh Shobeiri, Seyyed Mohammad Mahdi Hazavehei, et al

The effect of Valerian on the severity and frequency of hot flashes: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 60Womens Health

This triple-blind, randomized clinical trial studied the effect of Valerian on hot flashes in 60 postmenopausal women. Valerian significantly reduced the severity and frequency of hot flashes compared to placebo over a two-month period.

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2017·The Annals of pharmacotherapy·Motahareh Ahmadi, Hossein Khalili, Ladan Abbasian, et al

Effect of Valerian in Preventing Neuropsychiatric Adverse Effects of Efavirenz in HIV-Positive Patients: A Pilot Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 51Sleep Stress

Pilot randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating valerian's efficacy in preventing neuropsychiatric adverse effects of efavirenz in 51 HIV-positive patients. Valerian significantly improved sleep and anxiety compared to placebo over 4 weeks.

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2016·Accident; analysis and prevention·Kelan Thomas, Joanne Canedo, Paul J Perry, et al

Effects of valerian on subjective sedation, field sobriety testing and driving simulator performance.

RCT

Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over trial assessing the effects of a one-time valerian 1600mg dose on subjective sedation, field sobriety testing, and driving simulator performance. No significant differences were found between placebo and valerian in reaction tests, sleepiness scales, sobriety test failure rates, or driving simulator performance.

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2015·Holistic nursing practice·Stephanie Maxine Ross

Valerian Root and Lemon Balm Extracts: A Phytomedicine Compound Improves Symptoms of Hyperactivity, Attention Deficits, and Impulsivity in Children.

RCTFocus Mental Clarity

RCT studying the effects of a phytomedicine compound containing valerian root and lemon balm extracts on symptoms of hyperactivity, attention deficits, and impulsivity in children. The compound improved these symptoms.

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2014·Psychopharmacology·Soghra Hassani, Abbas Alipour, Hadi Darvishi Khezri, et al

Can Valeriana officinalis root extract prevent early postoperative cognitive dysfunction after CABG surgery? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 61Brain Health

RCT evaluating the effect of Valeriana officinalis root extract on preventing early postoperative cognitive dysfunction in CABG surgery patients. The valerian group showed better cognitive function compared to placebo, suggesting valerian may prevent cognitive dysfunction post-surgery.

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2013·Complementary therapies in clinical practice·S Taavoni, N Nazem Ekbatani, H Haghani

Valerian/lemon balm use for sleep disorders during menopause.

RCTn = 100Sleep Womens Health

RCT of 100 menopausal women with sleep disorders comparing valerian/lemon balm supplementation to placebo. The valerian/lemon balm group showed significant improvements in sleep quality as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

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2013·Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR·P. Mirabi, F. Mojab

The Effects of Valerian Root on Hot Flashes in Menopausal Women

RCTn = 68Womens Health

Double-blind clinical trial of 68 menopausal women comparing 255 mg Valerian capsules to placebo for 8 weeks. Valerian significantly reduced the severity and frequency of hot flashes compared to placebo, suggesting it as an effective treatment for menopausal hot flashes.

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2012·International journal of nursing studies·Ji-Han Chen, Yuh-Huey Chao, Shu-Fen Lu, et al

The effectiveness of valerian acupressure on the sleep of ICU patients: a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 85Sleep

RCT exploring the effectiveness of valerian acupressure on sleep in ICU patients. Valerian acupressure increased sleeping hours, reduced wake frequency, and improved sleep quality as measured by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Heart rate variability data indicated a relaxation response.

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2011·Menopause (New York, N.Y.)·Simin Taavoni, Neda Ekbatani, Maryam Kashaniyan, et al

Effect of valerian on sleep quality in postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 100Sleep

RCT of 100 postmenopausal women with insomnia comparing 530 mg valerian extract to placebo twice a day for 4 weeks. Valerian significantly improved sleep quality compared to placebo, with 30% of the intervention group showing improvement.

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2011·International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·Parvaneh Mirabi, Mahrokh Dolatian, Faraze Mojab, et al

Effects of valerian on the severity and systemic manifestations of dysmenorrhea.

RCTn = 100Womens Health

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 100 students to evaluate the impact of valerian on dysmenorrhea. Valerian significantly reduced pain severity compared to placebo, suggesting its effectiveness due to antispasmodic effects.

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2007·Phytotherapy research : PTR·U Koetter, E Schrader, R Käufeler, et al

A randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, prospective clinical study to demonstrate clinical efficacy of a fixed valerian hops extract combination (Ze 91019) in patients suffering from non-organic sleep disorder.

RCTSleep

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of a fixed valerian hops extract combination (Ze 91019) in patients with non-organic insomnia. The study found that the extract combination significantly reduced sleep latency compared to placebo, while single valerian extract did not show superiority over placebo.

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2006·The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·L S Miyasaka, A N Atallah, B G O Soares

Valerian for anxiety disorders.

Systematic reviewn = 36Stress -

Systematic review investigating the effectiveness and safety of valerian for treating anxiety disorders. One RCT with 36 patients showed no significant differences between valerian and placebo or diazepam in anxiety scores, indicating insufficient evidence for valerian's efficacy or safety in anxiety disorders.

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2005·Sleep·Charles M Morin, Uwe Koetter, Célyne Bastien, et al

Valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine for treating insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 184Sleep

Multicenter RCT evaluating valerian-hops combination and diphenhydramine for mild insomnia in 184 adults. Valerian-hops showed modest improvements in subjective sleep parameters and quality of life, with no significant adverse effects or rebound insomnia. Diphenhydramine improved sleep efficiency initially but had no significant long-term effects.

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2024·Innovare Journal of Ayurvedic Sciences·VIRASHRI M NORAJE, VIJAYANAND PUJARI

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MICROEMULSION-BASED SUBLINGUAL LIQUID CONTAINING VALERIAN ROOT EXTRACT

StudySleep

The study focused on the formulation and evaluation of a microemulsion-based sublingual liquid containing valerian root extract. The microemulsion was optimized and evaluated for various parameters, suggesting it may offer a natural solution for the treatment of insomnia.

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2021·Biological Trace Element Research·Kamil Jurowski, M. Fołta, B. Tatar, et al

The Toxicological Risk Assessment of Cu, Mn, and Zn as Essential Elemental Impurities in Herbal Medicinal Products with Valerian Root (Valeriana officinalis L., radix) Available in Polish Pharmacies

Study

The paper conducts a toxicological risk assessment of elemental impurities (Cu, Mn, and Zn) in herbal medicinal products containing valerian root available in Polish pharmacies. The study finds that these impurities are present at very low levels, confirming the safety of the products from a regulatory toxicology perspective.

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2021·M. Strikwold

Study toward possible sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in dried valerian root

Study

The study investigates the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in dried valerian root to comply with EU limits. It aims to identify the origin of PAHs and possible measures to reduce their concentration in valerian root.

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2020·Planta Medica·J. Sendker, M. Lechtenberg, A. Hensel

An Unsuccessful Attempt to Confirm the Occurrence of 4′-O-β- d-Glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil in Valerian Root

Study

The study attempted to confirm the presence of the lignan 4′-O-β- d-glucosyl-9-O-(6″-deoxysaccharosyl)olivil in valerian root using LCMS. The compound was not detected in any of the six investigated batches, suggesting it does not occur regularly in valerian root.

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2019·Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Gustavo Jacobucci Farah, Gustavo Zanna Ferreira, Carolina Ferrairo Danieletto-Zanna, et al

Assessment of Valeriana officinalis l. (Valerian) for Conscious Sedation of Patients During the Extraction of Impacted Mandibular Third Molars: A Randomized, Split-Mouth, Double-Blind, Crossover Study.

RCTn = 20Stress

RCT comparing valerian 100 mg to midazolam 15 mg for anxiety control during mandibular third molar extraction in 20 patients. Valerian provided comfort and relaxation with less somnolence than midazolam, though midazolam was more effective in reducing physiological parameters.

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2018·BMC nephrology·Afshin Samaei, Monir Nobahar, Zaynab Hydarinia-Naieni, et al

Effect of valerian on cognitive disorders and electroencephalography in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, cross over, double-blind clinical trial.

RCTn = 39Mental Clarity

This crossover, double-blind clinical trial studied the effect of Valerian on cognitive disorders and electroencephalography in 39 hemodialysis patients. Valerian significantly improved cognitive scores, but no significant changes were observed in electroencephalography.

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2017·Neuropsychobiology·Ludovico Mineo, Carmen Concerto, Dhaval Patel, et al

Valeriana officinalis Root Extract Modulates Cortical Excitatory Circuits in Humans.

RCTn = 15

Double-blind, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled study with 15 healthy volunteers investigating the effects of a single dose of Valeriana officinalis extract on cortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation. The study found a significant reduction in intracortical facilitation, which returned to baseline 6 hours after intake.

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2011·Journal of complementary & integrative medicine·Siroos Pakseresht, Hatam Boostani, Mehdi Sayyah

Extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) vs. placebo in treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a randomized double-blind study.

RCTn = 31Mental Clarity

An 8-week double-blind randomized trial comparing valerian root extract to placebo in 31 adults with OCD. The valerian group showed significant improvement in OCD symptoms compared to placebo, with somnolence as the only significant side effect.

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2011·BMC psychiatry·Wilfried Dimpfel, Klaus Koch, Gabriele Weiss

Early effect of NEURAPAS® balance on current source density (CSD) of human EEG.

RCTn = 16Stress Mood

RCT using EEG to assess the effect of NEURAPAS® balance, a combination of valerian, passion flower, and St. John's wort, on brain electric activity in 16 healthy volunteers. Under mental load, the supplement showed statistically significant lower spectral power in certain frequency ranges, indicating calming and anti-depressive effects similar to fluoxetine.

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2009·TheScientificWorldJournal·Rainer Hubner, Robbert van Haselen, Peter Klein

Effectiveness of the homeopathic preparation Neurexan compared with that of commonly used valerian-based preparations for the treatment of nervousness/restlessness - an observational study.

Observationaln = 826Stress

Observational study comparing the effectiveness of Neurexan and valerian-based preparations for treating nervousness/restlessness in 826 subjects. Neurexan showed a greater reduction in nervousness/restlessness scores compared to valerian, with both treatments being well tolerated.

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2009·Alternative therapies in health and medicine·Norma G Cuellar, Sarah J Ratcliffe

Does valerian improve sleepiness and symptom severity in people with restless legs syndrome?

RCTn = 37Sleep Inflammation

A prospective, triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing 800 mg of valerian to placebo in 37 participants with restless legs syndrome (RLS) over 8 weeks. Valerian improved sleep quality and reduced RLS symptom severity and daytime sleepiness, suggesting it may be an effective alternative treatment for RLS.

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2008·TheScientificWorldJournal·Rainer Waldschütz, Peter Klein

The homeopathic preparation Neurexan vs. valerian for the treatment of insomnia: an observational study.

Observationaln = 409Sleep

Observational study comparing the homeopathic preparation Neurexan to valerian for insomnia treatment in 409 subjects. Both groups showed improved sleep latency and duration, with Neurexan showing a significant advantage in sleep duration improvement at certain time points. Neurexan also resulted in less daytime fatigue compared to valerian.

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2008·European journal of medical research·Wilfried Dimpfel, A Suter

Sleep improving effects of a single dose administration of a valerian/hops fluid extract - a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled sleep-EEG study in a parallel design using electrohypnograms.

RCTn = 42Sleep

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study testing a single dose of valerian/hops fluid extract on sleep quality in poor sleepers. The valerian/hops group showed significantly higher time spent in sleep and deeper sleep compared to placebo, indicating its effectiveness as a sleep aid.

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2008·Sleep medicine·Diana M Taibi, Michael V Vitiello, Suzanne Barsness, et al

A randomized clinical trial of valerian fails to improve self-reported, polysomnographic, and actigraphic sleep in older women with insomnia.

RCTn = 16Sleep -

RCT of 16 older women with insomnia testing 300 mg valerian extract vs placebo for 2 weeks. Valerian did not improve sleep latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency, or self-rated sleep quality compared to placebo. WASO increased significantly after valerian treatment.

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2008·Biological research for nursing·Diana M Taibi, Cheryl Bourguignon, Ann Gill Taylor

A feasibility study of valerian extract for sleep disturbance in person with arthritis.

RCTn = 15Sleep -

Pilot RCT of 15 persons with arthritis and mild sleep disturbance, randomized to receive 600 mg valerian or placebo for five nights. Protocol adherence was high, but nonsignificant differences were found between groups on sleep outcomes. Efficacy outcomes were inconclusive due to small sample size.

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2006·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·S F Müller, S Klement

A combination of valerian and lemon balm is effective in the treatment of restlessness and dyssomnia in children.

Observationaln = 918Sleep Stress

Open, multicentre study of a combined valerian/lemon balm preparation in 918 children under 12 with restlessness and dyssomnia. The study found a distinct reduction in symptom severity, with 80.9% of dyssomnia patients and 70.4% of restlessness patients showing improvement. The preparation was well tolerated with no medication-related adverse events.

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2004·Planta medica·R Schellenberg, S Sauer, E A Abourashed, et al

The fixed combination of valerian and hops (Ze91019) acts via a central adenosine mechanism.

RCTn = 32Sleep

RCT investigating the interaction between caffeine and a fixed valerian/hop extract combination (Ze91019) in healthy volunteers. The valerian/hop extract reduced or inhibited caffeine-induced arousal, suggesting its action via a central adenosine mechanism and potential sleep-inducing and -maintaining activity.

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2004·Phytotherapy research : PTR·A Diaper, I Hindmarch

A double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of the effects of two doses of a valerian preparation on the sleep, cognitive and psychomotor function of sleep-disturbed older adults.

RCTn = 16Sleep -

A placebo-controlled three way crossover clinical trial with 16 sleep-disturbed older adults tested the effects of valerian 300 mg and 600 mg on sleep and cognitive function. Results showed no significant effect of valerian on EEG sleep parameters or psychometric measures, suggesting valerian at these doses is ineffective as an acute treatment for sleep problems.

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2004·Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals·Jennifer L Donovan, C Lindsay DeVane, Kenneth D Chavin, et al

Multiple night-time doses of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity in healthy volunteers.

RCTn = 12

This study assessed the influence of valerian extract on the activity of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes in 12 healthy volunteers. Valerian had minimal effects on CYP3A4 activity and no effect on CYP2D6 activity, with a modest increase in alprazolam Cmax observed.

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2004·Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior·Sandra Gutierrez, Michael K Ang-Lee, Diana J Walker, et al

Assessing subjective and psychomotor effects of the herbal medication valerian in healthy volunteers.

RCTn = 10

RCT assessing the subjective and psychomotor effects of valerian extract in 10 young healthy volunteers. Valerian extract had no significant effects on mood or psychomotor/cognitive performance, while diazepam showed subjective effects and impaired performance.

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2003·Complementary therapies in medicine·P D Coxeter, P J Schluter, H L Eastwood, et al

Valerian does not appear to reduce symptoms for patients with chronic insomnia in general practice using a series of randomised n-of-1 trials.

RCTn = 42Sleep -Energy

Series of n-of-1 trials in Queensland, Australia, comparing valerian to placebo for chronic insomnia management. Valerian showed no significant improvement over placebo in promoting sleep or sleep-related factors, though it had a fair response for energy levels.

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2003·Journal of clinical psychopharmacology·Jennifer R Glass, Beth A Sproule, Nathan Herrmann, et al

Acute pharmacological effects of temazepam, diphenhydramine, and valerian in healthy elderly subjects.

RCTn = 14Sleep -

A double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled study assessed the pharmacodynamics of temazepam, diphenhydramine, and valerian in 14 healthy elderly volunteers. Valerian showed no significant difference from placebo on measures of psychomotor performance or sedation.

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2003·Human psychopharmacology·Karen T Hallam, James S Olver, Caroline McGrath, et al

Comparative cognitive and psychomotor effects of single doses of Valeriana officianalis and triazolam in healthy volunteers.

RCTn = 9Mental Clarity -

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way crossover study comparing cognitive and psychomotor effects of valerian and triazolam in 9 healthy volunteers. Valerian showed no effect on cognitive or psychomotor performance, while triazolam had detrimental effects.

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2002·Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry·Dalva R Poyares, Christian Guilleminault, Maurice M Ohayon, et al

Can valerian improve the sleep of insomniacs after benzodiazepine withdrawal?

RCTn = 19Sleep

RCT studying the effect of valerian on sleep in 19 insomniacs after benzodiazepine withdrawal. Valerian subjects reported better subjective sleep quality and decreased wake time after sleep onset compared to placebo, despite some side effects and longer sleep latency.

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2002·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·A J P Francis, R J W Dempster

Effect of valerian, Valeriana edulis, on sleep difficulties in children with intellectual deficits: randomised trial.

RCTn = 5Sleep

Randomised trial of valerian in five children with intellectual deficits and sleep problems. Valerian treatment led to significant reductions in sleep latencies, nocturnal time awake, and improved sleep quality compared to placebo.

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2000·Pharmacopsychiatry·F Donath, S Quispe, K Diefenbach, et al

Critical evaluation of the effect of valerian extract on sleep structure and sleep quality.

RCTn = 16Sleep

Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study assessed the effects of valerian extract on sleep in 16 patients with psychophysiological insomnia. Long-term valerian treatment improved sleep efficiency, reduced slow-wave sleep latency, and increased slow-wave sleep percentage compared to placebo. Few adverse events were reported during valerian treatment.

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2000·European journal of medical research·B Vonderheid-Guth, A Todorova, A Brattström, et al

Pharmacodynamic effects of valerian and hops extract combination (Ze 91019) on the quantitative-topographical EEG in healthy volunteers.

RCTn = 12

The study investigated the pharmacodynamic effects of a valerian and hops extract combination (Ze 91019) on the quantitative topographical EEG in 12 healthy volunteers. Two dosages were tested in a single-blind, cross-over design. The high dosage led to power increases in delta, decreases in alpha, and a weak decrease in beta-power, indicating slight but clear effects on the CNS.

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1999·Pharmacopsychiatry·J Kuhlmann, W Berger, H Podzuweit, et al

The influence of valerian treatment on "reaction time, alertness and concentration" in volunteers.

RCTn = 102Focus -Mental Clarity -

A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial on 102 volunteers examined the effects of valerian root extract (600 mg) on reaction time, alertness, and concentration. The study found no significant impairment in these cognitive functions after single or repeated evening administrations of valerian compared to placebo.

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1991·Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis·U Gerhard, V Hobi, R Kocher, et al

[Acute sedative effect of a herbal relaxation tablet as compared to that of bromazepam].

RCTn = 60

Double-blind RCT comparing the sedative effects of Valverde relaxation dragées (containing valerian, balm, passion-flower, and pestilence wort) to 3 mg bromazepam and placebo in 60 healthy male volunteers. The study found no significant sedative effects or side effects for either Valverde or bromazepam compared to placebo.

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1989·Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior·O Lindahl, L Lindwall

Double blind study of a valerian preparation.

RCTSleep

Double blind study of a valerian preparation (VALERINA NATT) containing primarily sesquiterpenes. Compared to placebo, it showed a significant positive effect on poor sleep, with 44% reporting perfect sleep and 89% reporting improved sleep. No side effects were observed.

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1982·Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior·P D Leathwood, F Chauffard, E Heck, et al

Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man.

RCTn = 128Sleep

RCT studying the effect of an aqueous extract of valerian root on sleep measures in 128 people. Valerian significantly decreased sleep latency scores and improved sleep quality, especially in poor sleepers, smokers, and those with long sleep latencies. Night awakenings, dream recall, and morning somnolence were unaffected.

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2025·Open Veterinary Journal·Hiyam N. Maty, M. Al-Maatheedi, H. M. Jasim, et al

Physiological impacts of valerian extract and lemon balm on some neurobiomarkers in broilers

Animal studyn = 80

Study on the effects of valerian and lemon balm extracts on neurobiomarkers in broilers. Valerian and lemon balm increased GABA and serotonin levels, with valerian showing moderate neurotransmitter expression and lemon balm showing weak GABA expression. Both extracts improved hematological indicators and performance in broilers.

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2021·Biological Trace Element Research·Kamil Jurowski, M. Fołta, B. Tatar, et al

The Toxicological Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Valeriana officinalis L., radix (Valerian root) as Herbal Medicinal Product for the Relief of Mild Nervous Tension and Sleep Disorders Available in Polish Pharmacies

Studyn = 5

The study assessed the toxicological risk of lead and cadmium impurities in Valeriana officinalis L., radix (Valerian root) as a herbal medicinal product for mild nervous tension and sleep disorders. The results confirmed the safety of Valerian root available in Polish pharmacies according to ICH guideline Q3D.

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2021·Biological Trace Element Research·Kamil Jurowski, M. Fołta, B. Tatar, et al

The Toxicological Risk Assessment of Lead and Cadmium in Valeriana officinalis L., radix (Valerian root) as Herbal Medicinal Product for the Relief of Mild Nervous Tension and Sleep Disorders Available in Polish Pharmacies

Studyn = 5

The study assessed the toxicological risk of lead and cadmium impurities in Valeriana officinalis L., radix (Valerian root) as a herbal medicinal product for mild nervous tension and sleep disorders. The results confirmed the safety of Valerian root available in Polish pharmacies according to ICH guideline Q3D.

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2021·Scientific Reports·Fengqin Shi, Ya Li, R. Han, et al

Valerian and valeric acid inhibit growth of breast cancer cells possibly by mediating epigenetic modifications

In vitro

In vitro study investigating the effects of valerian root extract and valeric acid on breast cancer cells. The study found that valerian extract and valeric acid reduced breast cancer cell growth, proliferation, migration, and colony formation, potentially through epigenetic modifications such as HDAC inhibition and DNA hypomethylation.

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2014·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·J. Gromball, F. Beschorner, Christian Wantzen, et al

Hyperactivity, concentration difficulties and impulsiveness improve during seven weeks' treatment with valerian root and lemon balm extracts in primary school children.

Observationaln = 169Focus Mental Clarity Mood

Observational study of 169 primary school children treated with valerian root and lemon balm extracts for hyperactivity and concentration difficulties. Significant improvements were observed in focus, hyperactivity, impulsiveness, social behavior, and sleep. Mild transient adverse reactions were noted in two children.

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1994·Pharmacopsychiatry·H Schulz, C Stolz, J Müller

The effect of valerian extract on sleep polygraphy in poor sleepers: a pilot study.

RCTn = 14Sleep

Pilot study on the effect of valerian extract on sleep in 14 elderly poor sleepers. Valerian increased slow-wave sleep and decreased sleep stage 1, with no effect on sleep onset time or REM sleep. Self-rated sleep quality was unchanged.

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1988·Pharmacopsychiatry·R Kohnen, W D Oswald

The effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions.

RCTStress Mood

The study investigates the effects of valerian, propranolol, and their combination on activation, performance, and mood in healthy volunteers under social stress conditions. The specific outcomes are not detailed due to the lack of an abstract.

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1985·Psychopharmacology·G Balderer, A A Borbély

Effect of valerian on human sleep.

RCTn = 18Sleep

RCT studying the effect of aqueous valerian root extract on sleep in healthy young subjects. Valerian reduced perceived sleep latency and wake time after sleep onset at home, with dose-dependent effects. No significant differences from placebo were observed in the sleep laboratory, but trends were consistent with home findings.

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2021·Cureus·Corina Freitas, S. Khanal, D. Landsberg, et al

An Alternative Cause of Encephalopathy: Valerian Root Overdose

Case report

Case report of encephalopathy due to overdose of Valerian root, a plant with sedating properties, combined with a natural GABA supplement. Highlights the need for awareness of alternative therapies and their potential interactions.

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2020·Psychosomatics·H. Burke, Shixie Jiang, Peggy Chatham, et al

Delirium After Withdrawal From Valerian Root: A Case Report.

Case report

Case report of a patient who developed delirium secondary to withdrawal from valerian root, an herbal supplement with anxiolytic and sedative properties. The report highlights the importance of considering herbal supplement withdrawal as a potential cause of delirium.

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2018·World Journal of Plastic Surgery·A. Zare, Z. Khaksar, Z. Sobhani, et al

Analgesic Effect of Valerian Root and Turnip Extracts

Animal studyn = 50

Animal study comparing the analgesic effects of valerian root and turnip extracts in female Wistar rats. Valerian root extract significantly decreased pain scores in the acute phase, while the combination of valerian root and turnip extracts reduced pain scores in both acute and chronic phases compared to the control group.

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2016·Psychopharmacology·Bianca A Torres-Hernández, Luis R. Colón, Coral Rosa-Falero, et al

Reversal of pentylenetetrazole-altered swimming and neural activity-regulated gene expression in zebrafish larvae by valproic acid and valerian extract

Animal studyBrain Health

The study used zebrafish larvae to establish a screening method for psychoactive efficacy of plant extracts. Valerian extract and valproic acid reversed PTZ-altered swimming behaviors and affected neural activity-regulated gene expression, demonstrating the psychoactivity of valerian.

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2012·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·O. Kelber, K. Nieber, K. Kraft

Valerian: No Evidence for Clinically Relevant Interactions

Review

A review was conducted on the interaction potential of valerian root preparations with anticancer drugs. The review included seven in vitro studies and clinical studies, which did not support the prediction of clinically relevant interactions. The interaction potential of valerian preparations appears to be low and without clinical relevance, suggesting safety in cancer patients.

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2004·Integrative Cancer Therapies·Keith I Block, C. Gyllenhaal, M. Mead

Safety and Efficacy of Herbal Sedatives in Cancer Care

ReviewSleep

Narrative review discussing the use of herbal sedatives in cancer care, highlighting valerian and kava. Valerian shows moderate evidence for safety and efficacy, while kava has toxicity concerns. Other herbs like German chamomile, lavender, hops, lemon balm, passionflower, and St. John's wort are mentioned for their potential anxiolytic effects.

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2000·Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology·R A Dominguez, R L Bravo-Valverde, B R Kaplowitz, et al

Valerian as a hypnotic for Hispanic patients.

Case reportn = 20Sleep

Case study of 23 Hispanic patients with insomnia using valerian root supplement. 16 patients reported at least moderate improvement in sleep by Week 1, with further improvement by Week 2, suggesting valerian may help improve insomnia.

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