Research
Taurine
106 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Taurine supplementation and systemic lupus erythematosus in preclinical studies: a systematic review of clinical outcomes and underlying mechanisms.
Systematic review of preclinical studies on taurine's role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Five studies showed taurine improved clinical parameters and reduced inflammation, while one study reported taurine aggravated SLE progression. Highlights the need for further clinical trials to confirm these findings.
Drug treatment for myotonia.
This meta-analysis reviews evidence from 17 RCTs involving 392 participants with myotonic disorders, focusing on the efficacy and tolerability of drug treatments for myotonia. The review includes studies on mexiletine, lamotrigine, and other medications, with findings suggesting moderate-certainty evidence for symptomatic treatments in non-dystrophic myotonias. Taurine was mentioned among other medications with uncertain evidence.
Does One Shot Work? The Acute Impact of a Single Taurine Dose on Exercise Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the acute effects of a single dose of taurine supplementation on exercise performance, analyzing 23 randomized trials with 308 participants. The meta-analysis indicated small-to-moderate improvements in overall performance, particularly in males and in aerobic endurance, strength/power, and agility/coordination tasks. No significant dose-response relationship was found, and the overall certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Taurine and Its Association With Colorectal Carcinoma.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies with 1714 samples showing differential levels of taurine in colorectal cancer (CRC) patient samples. Taurine was significantly associated with increased odds of CRC and was identified as a potential diagnostic metabolite. Increased taurine expression was noted in CRC patients, particularly in blood samples.
Taurine reduces the risk for metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This meta-analysis of 25 RCTs with 1024 participants evaluated the effects of taurine supplementation on metabolic syndrome-related parameters. Taurine supplementation showed significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and triglycerides, but not in HDL cholesterol. A dose-dependent reduction was observed for diastolic blood pressure and fasting blood glucose.
Insights into the cardiovascular benefits of taurine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of taurine on cardiovascular health, including heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac function. The analysis included 808 participants from 20 RCTs and found that taurine significantly reduced heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction and NYHA functional classification, indicating positive effects on cardiovascular health.
Efficacy of taurine-enhanced enteral nutrition in improving the outcomes of critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of taurine-enhanced enteral nutrition in critically ill patients. The analysis included four trials with 236 patients and found that taurine-enhanced EN did not reduce mortality or ICU length of stay but may reduce IL-6 levels, indicating potential immunoregulatory effects.
Effect of Long-Term Taurine Supplementation on the Lipid and Glycaemic Profile in Adults with Overweight or Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 RCTs assessing long-term taurine supplementation effects on lipid and glycemic profiles in adults with overweight or obesity. Taurine significantly decreased triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fasting insulin levels. Improvements in BMI, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR were observed, particularly in obese participants and with higher taurine doses.
Management of Muscle Cramps in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Systematic review of RCTs evaluating interventions for muscle cramps in cirrhotic patients. Taurine supplementation, among other interventions, was found to reduce cramp frequency, severity, and duration compared to placebo. High-quality RCTs are needed for further investigation.
The effect of taurine supplementation on delirium post liver transplantation: A randomized controlled trial.
This double-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluated the effect of taurine supplementation on post-liver transplantation delirium in 207 patients. Taurine supplementation significantly reduced the rate of delirium compared to placebo, with a delirium rate of 9.46% in the taurine group versus 35.36% in the placebo group.
Effect of taurine administration on symptoms, severity, or clinical outcome of dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in humans: a systematic review.
Systematic review assessing taurine supplementation for dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure in humans. Eleven studies were included, with varied taurine dosages and administration methods. Improvements in cardiac function were noted, but meta-analysis showed no significant association with heart failure outcomes. No significant safety concerns were reported.
A systematic review of preclinical studies on the efficacy of taurine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Systematic review of preclinical studies on taurine's efficacy in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Animal and in vitro studies suggest taurine and its derivatives may control RA by reducing inflammation, suppressing oxidative stress, and inducing apoptosis.
Profiling inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers following taurine supplementation: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials.
Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials on taurine supplementation. Taurine can reduce levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and C-reactive protein (CRP), but has no significant effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Eight-week supplementation shows more beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammation.
The Dose Response of Taurine on Aerobic and Strength Exercises: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review examined the dose response of taurine on aerobic and strength exercise performance. Taurine supplementation was found to decrease DNA damage and lactate levels, with varying effects based on dosage. Low doses decreased muscular fatigue and increased enzymatic antioxidants, while high doses increased glycerol levels, suggesting potential benefits for prolonged activities.
The role of taurine on chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity: A systematic review of non-clinical study.
Systematic review of non-clinical studies evaluating taurine's protective role against chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Taurine co-administration with chemotherapy mitigated negative effects on body and heart weight, mortality, and biochemical changes, through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.
The effects of taurine supplementation on obesity, blood pressure and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 12 studies evaluating taurine supplementation effects on liver markers and anthropometric measures in patients with liver or metabolic dysregulation. Taurine significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, but had no effect on fasting blood glucose, HDL-C, LDL-C, BMI, or body weight.
Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Growth in Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 RCTs totaling 216 low birth weight infants to evaluate the effect of taurine supplementation on growth. Taurine supplementation significantly reduced certain plasma amino acids but had little or no significant effect on growth metrics such as weight gain and head circumference gain.
Efficacy and tolerability of an oral supplement containing amino acids, iron, selenium, and marine hydrolyzed collagen in subjects with hair loss (androgenetic alopecia, AGA or FAGA or telogen effluvium). A prospective, randomized, 3-month, controlled, assessor-blinded study.
A 12-week randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of an oral supplement containing hydrolyzed fish-origin collagen, taurine, cysteine, methionine, iron, and selenium in 83 subjects with hair loss due to AGA/FAGA or chronic TE. The supplement improved the clinical efficacy of specific anti-hair loss treatments, with higher GAS scores in the supplement group compared to the control group.
Type 2 diabetes preventive effects with a 12-months sardine-enriched diet in elderly population with prediabetes: An interventional, randomized and controlled trial.
RCT of 152 elderly subjects with prediabetes comparing a sardine-enriched diet to a control diet over 12 months. The sardine group showed reduced risk of developing type 2 diabetes, increased HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin, decreased triglycerides and blood pressure, and improved HOMA-IR scores.
The effects of taurine supplementation on oxidative stress indices and inflammation biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
RCT of 50 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluating taurine supplementation (1000 mg three times per day) versus placebo for 8 weeks. Taurine supplementation significantly increased antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD and CAT) and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers (MDA, hs-CRP, TNF-α) compared to placebo.
Safety and efficacy of taurine as an add-on treatment for tics in youngsters.
RCT of 404 youngsters with tic disorders comparing oral taurine to placebo for 12 weeks. At week 12, the taurine group showed significantly higher improvement in tic severity compared to placebo, with no significant differences in adverse drug reactions.
The Effects of Oral Taurine on Resting Blood Pressure in Humans: a Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis investigating the effects of orally administered taurine on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in humans. Taurine ingestion reduced both SBP and DBP significantly, with mean reductions of ~3 mmHg, across various doses and supplementation periods, without adverse events.
The Effects of an Oral Taurine Dose and Supplementation Period on Endurance Exercise Performance in Humans: A Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis evaluating the effects of oral taurine ingestion on endurance performance. Taurine ingestion improved overall endurance performance, with no differences between acute or chronic supplementation periods. The dose of taurine did not moderate its effect.
Protective and therapeutic effectiveness of taurine in diabetes mellitus: a rationale for antioxidant supplementation.
Systematic review of experimental and clinical studies on taurine's effectiveness in diabetes mellitus. Highlights taurine's antioxidation, antiapoptosis, and cytoprotective properties, and its potential in preventing and managing diabetes and its complications.
Taurine and glucose metabolism: a review.
This systematic review examines the beneficial effects of taurine, particularly its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, in the context of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications. The review suggests taurine supplementation could be a useful tool for prevention and treatment of diabetes complications.
Drug treatment for myotonia.
Systematic review of nine RCTs comparing drug treatments for myotonia, including sodium channel blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, benzodiazepines, calcium-antagonists, taurine, and prednisone. The review found poor quality studies, but small studies indicated imipramine and taurine may have beneficial effects on myotonia.
Effect of Taurine Combined With Creatine on Repeated Sprinting Ability After Exhaustive Exercise Under Hot and Humid Conditions.
Single-blind crossover RCT with 12 sports students testing taurine and creatine supplementation under hot and humid conditions. T+C supplementation significantly enhanced time to exhaustion, but did not significantly improve repeated sprint performance after exhaustive exercise.
Taurine as a possible antiaging therapy: A controlled clinical trial on taurine antioxidant activity in women ages 55 to 70.
A double-blind RCT with 24 women aged 55 to 70 investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers. Taurine increased plasma levels of the antioxidant enzyme SOD, suggesting it may help control oxidative stress during aging.
The relationship between plasma taurine levels in early pregnancy and later gestational diabetes mellitus risk in Chinese pregnant women.
Observational study of 398 pregnant women examining the relationship between plasma taurine levels in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Higher plasma taurine levels were associated with a decreased risk of GDM, particularly in multiparous women.
The effects of Taurine supplementation on inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Double-blind RCT of 32 TBI patients comparing taurine supplementation to control. Taurine significantly decreased IL-6 levels and marginally reduced APACHEII score, with lower weight loss and increased GCS. No significant differences in IL-10, hs-CRP, TNF-α, SOFA and NUTRIC scores, 30-day mortality, ICU stay, or ventilator dependence.
The Effects of Taurine Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles, Pentosidine, Soluble Receptor of Advanced Glycation End Products and Methylglyoxal in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
This double-blind randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on metabolic profiles and advanced glycation end products in 46 patients with type 2 diabetes. Taurine supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, pentosidine, and methylglyoxal compared to placebo, suggesting improved glycemic control and reduced diabetes complications.
The effects of taurine supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of 45 patients with type 2 diabetes comparing taurine supplementation (3000 mg/day) to placebo for 8 weeks. Taurine significantly decreased levels of FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, and LDL-C compared to placebo, indicating improved glycemic control and lipid profile.
Effect of weight-loss diet combined with taurine supplementation on body composition and some biochemical markers in obese women: a randomized clinical trial.
RCT evaluating taurine supplementation combined with a weight-loss diet in obese women. Taurine group showed significant improvements in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, leptin, total adiponectin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein compared to control. No significant changes in HDL cholesterol, anthropometric measurements, glycemic indices, and liver enzymes.
Normalization of heart rate variability with taurine and meldonium complex in post-infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RCT of 98 post-infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluating the effects of taurine and meldonium on heart rate variability (HRV). The combination treatment significantly improved HRV parameters, indicating decreased oxidative stress and improved heart health.
Taurine supplementation has anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory effects before and after incremental exercise in heart failure.
RCT examining the effects of taurine supplementation on anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory indices in heart failure patients. Taurine supplementation decreased inflammatory and atherogenic indices compared to placebo, both before and after incremental exercise.
Adjunctive Taurine in First-Episode Psychosis: A Phase 2, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
RCT of 121 patients with first-episode psychosis comparing taurine 4 g to placebo for 12 weeks. Taurine significantly improved symptomatology and mood but did not improve cognition. The study suggests taurine may improve psychopathology in early psychosis.
Taurine Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure and Improves Vascular Function in Prehypertension: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the effects of taurine supplementation on blood pressure and vascular function in 120 prehypertensive individuals over 12 weeks. Taurine significantly decreased both clinic and ambulatory blood pressures and improved vascular function, suggesting its potential in treating prehypertension.
Effect of oral taurine on morbidity and mortality in elderly hip fracture patients: a randomized trial.
A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled trial on elderly hip fracture patients assessed the effects of taurine supplementation. While taurine lowered postoperative oxidative stress, it did not improve in-hospital morbidity, medical comorbidities, or mortality during the first year.
Burnout: evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of TARGET 1® for professional fatigue syndrome (burnout).
A 12-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effect of TARGET 1, a dietary supplement, on burnout symptomatology in 87 workers. The verum group showed significant improvements in burnout and depression scores compared to placebo.
Taurine deficiency as a driver of aging
The study found that circulating taurine levels decline with age in mice, monkeys, and humans. Taurine supplementation increased health span and life span in mice and health span in monkeys by reducing cellular senescence, protecting against telomerase deficiency, suppressing mitochondrial dysfunction, decreasing DNA damage, and attenuating inflammation. Lower taurine concentrations in humans were associated with age-related diseases.
Development of plasma and whole blood taurine reference ranges and identification of dietary features associated with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers: A prospective, observational study
Prospective observational study of 86 golden retrievers comparing taurine concentrations and echocardiographic indices between those on traditional and non-traditional diets. Non-traditional diets, typically grain-free and legume-rich, were associated with lower taurine levels and increased risk of systolic dysfunction and nutritionally-mediated dilated cardiomyopathy.
Effects of Dietary Taurine Supplementation on Blood and Urine Taurine Concentrations in the Elderly Women with Dementia.
RCT investigating the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on blood and urine taurine concentrations in 31 elderly women with dementia. Taurine supplementation significantly increased taurine concentrations in serum and urine and showed positive changes in language and execute performance scores.
Biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in inherited cystathionine β-synthase deficient homocystinuria and the impact of taurine treatment in a phase 1/2 human clinical trial.
A phase 1/2 clinical trial assessed the pharmacokinetics and safety of taurine therapy in individuals with cystathionine β-synthase deficient homocystinuria. Taurine was found to be safe and improved endothelial function in patients with preexisting reduced function, particularly in those with pretreatment FMD values <10% and homocysteine levels >125 μM.
Exercise and taurine in inflammation, cognition, and peripheral markers of blood-brain barrier integrity in older women.
RCT involving 48 elderly women to study the effects of exercise and taurine supplementation on inflammation, cognition, and blood-brain barrier integrity. Taurine decreased the IL-1β/IL-1ra ratio, and the combination of exercise and taurine improved MMSE scores. Exercise and taurine decreased inflammation and maintained BBB integrity.
Randomised clinical trial: oral taurine supplementation versus placebo reduces muscle cramps in patients with chronic liver disease.
RCT of oral taurine supplementation versus placebo in patients with chronic liver disease experiencing muscle cramps. Taurine supplementation significantly reduced cramp frequency, duration, and severity without adverse side effects.
Taurine Supplementation Improves Functional Capacity, Myocardial Oxygen Consumption, and Electrical Activity in Heart Failure.
Double-blind RCT with 16 heart failure patients comparing taurine supplementation to placebo. Taurine group showed significant improvements in physical function and hemodynamic parameters, suggesting enhanced cardiac function and functional capacity.
The Effects of Caffeine, Taurine, or Caffeine-Taurine Coingestion on Repeat-Sprint Cycling Performance and Physiological Responses.
Randomized, single-blind, crossover study with seven male team-sport players investigating the effects of caffeine, taurine, and their coingestion on repeat-sprint cycling performance. Taurine elicited greater improvements in performance compared to placebo, caffeine, or their combination, while reducing the typical chronotropic and pressor effects of caffeine.
Preexercise energy drink consumption does not improve endurance cycling performance but increases lactate, monocyte, and interleukin-6 response.
RCT with 11 trained male cyclists testing the effects of an energy drink on endurance cycling performance and immune response. The energy drink did not improve cycling performance but increased lactate, monocyte, and interleukin-6 response compared to cola and placebo.
Additional effects of taurine on the benefits of BCAA intake for the delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle damage induced by high-intensity eccentric exercise.
RCT with 36 untrained male volunteers examining the effects of taurine and BCAA supplementation on delayed-onset muscle soreness and muscle damage after eccentric exercise. The combination of taurine and BCAA showed improvements in physiological and blood biochemical markers for DOMS and muscle damage compared to single or placebo supplementation.
Oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity after taurine supplementation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and glucose homeostasis in obese women. Taurine supplementation increased plasma taurine and adiponectin levels, and decreased inflammatory marker hs-C-reactive protein and lipid peroxidation marker TBARS.
Effects of taurine supplementation following eccentric exercise in young adults.
RCT investigating taurine supplementation effects on muscle performance, oxidative stress, and inflammation after eccentric exercise in young males. Taurine increased strength and reduced muscle soreness and oxidative damage, but did not alter antioxidant enzymes or inflammatory markers compared to placebo.
Longitudinal analysis of taurine induced effects on the tear proteome of contact lens wearers and dry eye patients using a RP-RP-Capillary-HPLC-MALDI TOF/TOF MS approach.
The study analyzed the effects of taurine on the tear proteome of contact lens wearers and dry eye patients using a proteomic approach. Taurine was found to have a beneficial effect on contact lens induced dry eye, with changes in tear protein levels related to inflammation.
Supplementation with soybean peptides, taurine, Pueraria isoflavone, and ginseng saponin complex improves endurance exercise capacity in humans.
RCT with 14 male volunteers testing a proprietary blend of soybean peptides, taurine, Pueraria isoflavone, and ginseng saponin on exercise performance. The STPG treatment improved exercise time to exhaustion and promoted utilization of free fatty acids compared to placebo.
Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-13C2]taurine in healthy adult humans.
The study assessed taurine metabolism in healthy adults using [1,2-13C2]taurine. Two tracer infusion methods were compared: a continuous infusion and a bolus injection. The study found that taurine appearance rate into plasma is low and that the bolus injection technique may overestimate taurine appearance compared to continuous infusion.
The influence of a taurine containing drink on cardiac parameters before and after exercise measured by echocardiography.
RCT with 13 endurance trained subjects examining the effect of a taurine-containing drink (Red Bull) on cardiac parameters before and after exercise. Stroke volume was significantly influenced in the Red Bull group, with changes in endsystolic diameter and volume, and increased peak late diastolic inflow during the regeneration period.
A taurine and caffeine-containing drink stimulates cognitive performance and well-being.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 10 graduate students assessing the effects of a taurine and caffeine-containing drink on cognitive performance and well-being. The energy drink group showed unchanged P300 latency and motor reaction time, and maintained well-being scores, while the placebo group showed declines.
Effects of taurine on human embryo development in vitro.
This randomized study compared the development of supernumerary human embryos in vitro in the presence of glutamine and/or taurine. Taurine supported the development of 2-4-cell human embryos to the blastocyst stage, but did not further augment the beneficial effects of glutamine.
Taurine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition and taurine status of malnourished cancer patients.
The study assessed the impact of taurine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on plasma taurine levels in 51 malnourished cancer patients post-surgery. Plasma taurine levels were initially low but increased significantly after 14 days of TPN. Taurine supplementation maintained normal plasma concentrations in patients, preventing subnormal levels.
Taurine, alpha lipoic acid and vitamin B6 ameliorate the reduced developmental competence of immature mouse oocytes exposed to methylglyoxal
The study investigates the effects of taurine, alpha lipoic acid, and vitamin B6 (TAB) on mouse oocytes exposed to methylglyoxal (MGO). TAB supplementation improved oocyte maturation, fertilization, and blastocyst formation rates, restored redox balance, and mitigated mitochondrial dysfunction in MGO-challenged oocytes, suggesting potential benefits for reproductive dysfunctions associated with elevated MGO/AGEs levels.
Taurine Inhibits Ferroptosis Mediated by the Crosstalk between Tumor Cells and Tumor‐Associated Macrophages in Prostate Cancer
The study demonstrates that tumor-associated macrophages secrete taurine, which suppresses ferroptosis in prostate cancer by activating the LXRα/SCD1 pathway. Blocking taurine intake restores sensitivity to ferroptosis, indicating a feedback loop between prostate cancer cells and macrophages mediated by taurine and miR-181a-5p.
Transcriptome-based nutrigenomics analysis reveals the roles of dietary taurine in the muscle growth of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus).
The study explored the effects of dietary taurine on muscle growth in juvenile turbot over a 70-day feeding trial. Taurine supplementation at 1.2% significantly increased the expression of muscle growth stimulatory genes and decreased the expression of a muscle growth-restricting gene. Transcriptomic analysis showed enrichment in metabolic pathways and actin cytoskeleton with taurine supplementation.
Taurine attenuates neuronal ferroptosis by regulating GABAB/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin pathway after subarachnoid hemorrhage.
The study investigates the role of taurine in attenuating neuronal ferroptosis after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Taurine treatment improved neurological impairment, oxidative stress, iron accumulation, BBB integrity, and neuronal ferroptosis in an SAH model. It regulated the GABAB/AKT/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting neuroprotective effects.
Glial Cell Activation and Oxidative Stress in Retinal Degeneration Induced by β-Alanine Caused Taurine Depletion and Light Exposure
The study investigates the effects of taurine depletion induced by β-alanine administration and light exposure on retinal degeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Taurine depletion led to decreased retinal thickness, photoreceptor damage, glial cell activation, oxidative stress, and impaired phagocytic capacity of retinal pigment epithelial cells. Light exposure exacerbated these effects, suggesting caution in the use of beta-alanine supplements.
Taurine Antagonizes Macrophages M1 Polarization by Mitophagy-Glycolysis Switch Blockage via Dragging SAM-PP2Ac Transmethylation
The study investigates the role of taurine in modulating macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 by blocking mitophagy-glycolysis switch. Taurine supplementation was found to inhibit SAM-dependent PP2Ac methylation, hindering PINK1-mediated mitophagy flux, and maintaining high mitochondrial density, which prevents the energy metabolism shift required for M1 polarization, thus potentially reducing low-grade inflammation.
Biallelic mutation of human SLC6A6 encoding the taurine transporter TAUT is linked to early retinal degeneration
The study characterizes a novel disorder caused by a biallelic mutation in the taurine transporter TAUT, leading to early retinal degeneration in humans. The mutation results in significantly reduced taurine uptake and levels, with increased oxidative stress markers, though extraocular dysfunctions were not yet detected.
Taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy in golden retrievers fed commercial diets
Observational study of 24 golden retrievers with taurine deficiency and dilated cardiomyopathy, and 52 healthy controls. Diets lacking AAFCO testing were associated with taurine deficiency. Diet change and taurine supplementation improved echocardiographic parameters and normalized taurine levels in affected dogs.
Metabolic and chemical regulation of tRNA modification associated with taurine deficiency and human disease
The study investigates the biogenesis and physiological role of 5-taurinomethyluridine (τm5U) in mitochondrial tRNAs, highlighting its absence in pathogenic mutations associated with mitochondrial diseases. It confirms that 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate and taurine are substrates for τm5U formation, and taurine deficiency leads to reduced τm5U and pathological consequences in cells.
Fasting serum taurine-conjugated bile acids are elevated in type 2 diabetes and do not change with intensification of insulin.
Cross-sectional cohort study assessing serum bile acid composition in impaired glucose-tolerant, T2D, and normal glucose-tolerant persons. Fasting taurine-conjugated bile acid concentrations were higher in T2D and associated with fasting and postload glucose. Insulin-mediated glycemic improvement did not change fasting serum total bile acid or composition.
The relationship between plasma taurine and other amino acid levels in human sepsis.
The study analyzed plasma amino acid profiles in trauma patients with sepsis undergoing total parenteral nutrition. It found that plasma taurine levels were related to levels of glutamate, aspartate, beta-alanine, and phosphoethanolamine, and were influenced by doses of leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Decreasing taurine was associated with worsening metabolic and cardiorespiratory patterns.
Results of the multicenter spaniel trial (MUST): taurine- and carnitine-responsive dilated cardiomyopathy in American cocker spaniels with decreased plasma taurine concentration.
RCT involving 14 American Cocker Spaniels with dilated cardiomyopathy to assess responsiveness to taurine and carnitine supplementation. Dogs receiving supplementation showed significant improvements in echocardiographic variables and were able to discontinue cardiovascular drug therapy, maintaining a normal quality of life for months to years.
Effect of taurine on synthesis of neutral and acidic sterols and fat absorption in preterm and full-term infants.
RCT investigating the effect of dietary taurine on sterol synthesis and fat absorption in 30 newborns. Taurine supplementation in preterm infants resulted in lower cholesterol synthesis and higher bile acid excretion and fatty acid absorption, suggesting benefits for preterm and small-for-GA neonates.
Taurine supplementation, fat absorption, and growth in cystic fibrosis.
A 12-month double-blind crossover RCT examined the effect of taurine supplementation on fat absorption and growth in 21 preadolescent children with cystic fibrosis. Taurine did not significantly change the mean coefficient of fat absorption, plasma fatty acid deficiencies, or vitamin levels, and did not affect height and weight scores.
[Therapeutic effects of taurine in epilepsy: a clinical and polyphysiographic study (author's transl)].
RCT of taurine administration in 37 epileptic patients, showing a reduction in interictal activity and electroclinical seizures by about 30% within the first 10 days. Improvement was observed in about 50% of cases, with physical improvements noted in skin appearance and psychological improvements in attention and memory.
Dietary taurine supplementation counteracts deoxynivalenol-induced liver injury via alleviating oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation in piglets.
The study investigated the effects of taurine supplementation on deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced liver injury in piglets. Taurine supplementation improved growth performance and alleviated liver injury by reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation. The study suggests taurine's potential in counteracting DON toxicity in the liver.
Taurine: a promising nutraceutic in the prevention of retinal degeneration
This review summarizes the role of taurine in retinal health and disease, highlighting its potential as a nutraceutical for preventing retinal degeneration. Taurine is noted for its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, immunomodulatory, and calcium homeostasis-regulatory properties, which may contribute to its neuroprotective effects on the retina.
Emergence of taurine as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders
This narrative review discusses the neuroprotective effects of taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, in various neurological disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, and memory dysfunction. It highlights taurine's role in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal activity, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for central nervous system disorders.
Functional Role of Taurine in Aging and Cardiovascular Health: An Updated Overview
Narrative review of taurine's effects on human health, focusing on aging, cardiovascular health, athletic performance, metabolic regulation, and neurological function. Evidence suggests taurine may benefit cardiovascular health, blood pressure regulation, cardiac fitness, and vascular health, with potential anti-aging properties.
Versatile Triad Alliance: Bile Acid, Taurine and Microbiota
This narrative review discusses the roles of taurine in the body, including its involvement in bile acid conjugation and interactions with gut microbiota. It highlights taurine's protective impact on the host, its role as an energy source for microbiota, and its regulation of bacterial colonization.
Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes
The article reviews the role of taurine in brain metabolism and function, particularly in the context of obesity and diabetes. It discusses how taurine homeostasis impacts biological processes and its potential neuroprotective effects in metabolic disorders.
Taurine and Astrocytes: A Homeostatic and Neuroprotective Relationship
This review discusses the relationship between taurine and astrocytes, highlighting taurine's homeostatic and neuroprotective roles in the nervous system. Taurine is essential for brain development and has antioxidative, osmoregulatory, and anti-inflammatory functions, with potential therapeutic implications for neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, and psychiatric diseases.
Taurine and oxidative stress in retinal health and disease
This review discusses the impact of oxidative stress in retinal neurodegenerative diseases and potential strategies to counteract oxidative damage, focusing on taurine. Taurine may slow the progression of degenerative retinal diseases by reducing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant activities.
The Role of Taurine in Mitochondria Health: More Than Just an Antioxidant
This narrative review discusses the role of taurine in mitochondrial health, highlighting its antioxidant action and protective effects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial defects, such as aging, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders.
Protective role of taurine against oxidative stress
This narrative review describes the protective role of taurine against oxidative stress, highlighting its mechanisms such as maintaining glutathione stores, upregulating anti-oxidant responses, and increasing membrane stability. The review also discusses taurine's synergistic effects with other therapeutic modalities and its potential therapeutic efficacy in clinical settings.
Taurine in sports and exercise
Narrative review summarizing evidence on taurine supplementation in sports and exercise. Key findings include mixed effects on aerobic and anaerobic performance, recovery, and metabolic markers. Taurine dosing of ~1–3g/day may improve performance and recovery, but findings are varied and more research is needed.
The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Taurine on Cardiovascular Disease
Narrative review discussing taurine's anti-inflammatory effects and its benefits to the cardiovascular system, potentially through inhibition of the renin angiotensin system.
Taurine and cardiac disease: state of the art and perspectives.
This narrative review discusses the beneficial effects of taurine on cardiovascular diseases, focusing on its modulation of the cardiovascular system and potential use as a supplement therapy for hypertrophy and heart failure. Taurine's effects are attributed to its modulation of Ca2+ homeostasis and antioxidant properties.
Metabolomic Profiling of Aqueous Humor in Glaucoma Points to Taurine and Spermine Deficiency: Findings from the Eye-D Study.
Metabolomic profiling of aqueous humor from 26 POAG patients and 26 controls undergoing cataract surgery revealed reduced concentrations of taurine and spermine in POAG patients. The study suggests alterations in metabolites involved in osmoprotection and neuroprotection, highlighting their potential role in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Taurine supplementation for prevention of stroke-like episodes in MELAS: a multicentre, open-label, 52-week phase III trial
A multicentre, open-label, phase III trial evaluated high-dose taurine supplementation for prevention of stroke-like episodes in 10 patients with MELAS. Taurine reduced the annual relapse rate of stroke-like episodes and increased taurine modification in mitochondrial tRNALeu(UUR). No severe adverse events were associated with taurine.
Effects of acute ammonia toxicity on oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the mitigation of exogenous taurine
The study investigated the effects of ammonia toxicity on oxidative stress, immune response, and apoptosis in juvenile yellow catfish and the mitigation potential of exogenous taurine. Ammonia poisoning induced oxidative stress, immunosuppression, and inflammation, but taurine mitigated these adverse effects.
Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse Parkinson’s disease model through inhibition of microglial M1 polarization
The study tested the neuroprotective efficacy of taurine in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease induced by paraquat and maneb. Taurine significantly ameliorated dopaminergic neurodegeneration, motor deficits, and α-synuclein aggregation by suppressing microglial activation and M1 polarization, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic candidate for Parkinson's disease.
Role of Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Taurine-Deficiency-Mediated Apoptosis
The study investigates the role of taurine deficiency in apoptosis through mitochondrial and ER stress in taurine transporter knockout mice. Taurine deficiency led to decreased mitochondrial taurine content, diminished complex I activity, and oxidative stress, triggering apoptosis. MitoTempo treatment prevented caspase activation, highlighting taurine's cytoprotective role.
Sulfasalazine-induced renal and hepatic injury in rats and the protective role of taurine
The study evaluated the protective effects of taurine against sulfasalazine-induced kidney and liver injury in rats. Taurine administration alleviated renal and hepatic damage caused by sulfasalazine, as indicated by improved markers of organ injury and reduced oxidative stress.
Amodiaquine-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes and the cytoprotective effects of taurine and/or N-acetyl cysteine
In vitro study evaluating the protective effects of taurine and N-acetyl cysteine against amodiaquine-induced toxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Taurine and N-acetyl cysteine reduced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation caused by amodiaquine, with N-acetyl cysteine showing protection in glutathione-depleted cells.
Ameliorative Effects of Taurine Against Methimazole-Induced Cytotoxicity in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes
The study investigated the protective role of taurine against methimazole-induced cytotoxicity in isolated rat hepatocytes. Taurine administration effectively reduced the toxic effects of methimazole, improving cell viability and reducing oxidative stress markers.
Taurine deficiency is a cause of vigabatrin-induced retinal phototoxicity.
The study investigated the role of taurine deficiency in vigabatrin-induced retinal phototoxicity in albino animals. Taurine supplementation reduced retinal lesions in vigabatrin-treated rats and mice, suggesting taurine deficiency contributes to retinal damage. Taurine levels were significantly lower in vigabatrin-treated animals, and supplementation showed protective effects.
Taurine status and response to intravenous taurine supplementation in adults with short-bowel syndrome undergoing long-term parenteral nutrition: a pilot study.
The study assessed plasma taurine and tauro-conjugated bile acids in adults with short-bowel syndrome on long-term parenteral nutrition. A subgroup received taurine-enriched parenteral nutrition, showing increased plasma taurine levels but no change in bile acids. Long-term parenteral nutrition was associated with impaired tauro-conjugation of bile acids.
Taurine and its analogs in neurological disorders: Focus on therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms
This narrative review discusses the therapeutic potential of taurine in neurological disorders, highlighting its roles in modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal activity. Taurine shows potential benefits against neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, epilepsy, and neurodevelopmental disorders, and the review explores its molecular mechanisms and potential for novel delivery approaches.
Roles of taurine in cognitive function of physiology, pathologies and toxication.
This narrative review discusses the role of taurine in cognitive function across various physiological and pathological conditions. Taurine supplements have been shown to improve cognition in most cases, though elevated levels can cause cognitive retardation during sensitive developmental periods. The review analyzes taurine's effects on cognition in conditions like aging, Alzheimer's disease, and toxin-induced brain damage, highlighting multiple potential mechanisms.
Effects and Mechanisms of Taurine as a Therapeutic Agent
The review summarizes studies on taurine as a therapeutic agent for diseases of muscle, the central nervous system, and the cardiovascular system. Taurine is effective in treating mitochondrial disease, diabetes, and inflammatory diseases, with functions in antioxidation, energy metabolism, and calcium homeostasis.
Atrophic Cardiac Remodeling Induced by Taurine Deficiency in Wistar Rats
Animal study on Wistar rats to investigate the effects of taurine deficiency induced by beta-alanine. Taurine deficiency led to decreases in ventricular wall thickness, left ventricle dry weight, and cardiac function, suggesting abnormal diastolic and systolic function. Oxidative stress was increased in deficient animals.