Research
Spirulina
138 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Spirulina Intervention in Mitigating the Negative Impact of Heat Stress on Production Physiology and Health Indices of Broilers.
Meta-analysis of 13 studies with 4904 heat-stressed broilers showed that spirulina intervention improved average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and average daily gain. Spirulina also enhanced organ weights, blood characteristics, immune functions, and antioxidative capacity, while reducing abdominal fat and harmful blood markers.
Edible Algae Reduce Blood Pressure in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 RCTs with 1583 participants found that edible algae intake significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Spirulina was the most effective, and benefits were more pronounced in individuals with cardiometabolic risk. Consuming over 3g/day of whole algae for at least 12 weeks significantly lowers blood pressure.
Effects of spirulina supplementation alone or with exercise on cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of Spirulina supplementation, alone or combined with exercise, on cardiometabolic health in overweight and obese adults. Spirulina alone significantly reduced body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure, while increasing HDL-C. When combined with exercise, Spirulina further improved HDL-C and LDL-C. Participant characteristics and intervention protocols influenced outcomes.
Natural relief for premenstrual syndrome (PMS): a double-blind clinical trial on the efficacy and safety of PMSoff
Double-blind, randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy and safety of PMSoff, a natural supplement, in alleviating PMS symptoms. The trial involved 218 women with PMS, showing significant reduction in symptom severity after one and two months of treatment compared to placebo. PMSoff was also effective in alleviating PMDD-related symptoms.
Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris Consumption on Iron Status: A Systematic Review of In Vivo Studies.
This systematic review examines 32 in vivo studies on the effects of Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) and Chlorella vulgaris on iron status. Both microalgae improved hematological parameters and antioxidant defenses, with A. platensis showing more erythropoietic activity and C. vulgaris enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. They reduced inflammation-induced hepcidin levels, supporting improved iron absorption, with no significant adverse effects reported.
The Role ofand Spirulina as Adjuvants of Cardiovascular Risk Factor Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing the effects of Spirulina on cardiovascular risk factors. Spirulina intake led to a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure but did not significantly affect lipemia indexes, despite a trend toward reduced total cholesterol.
Spirulina's impacts on cardiovascular health: Insights from a systematic meta-analysis of RCT.
Systematic meta-analysis of 35 RCTs evaluating spirulina's effects on cardiovascular health. Spirulina intake improved glucose homeostasis, decreased dyslipidemia, reduced blood pressure, improved anthropometric indexes, and decreased inflammation, suggesting it effectively reduces CVD risk.
Effect of spirulina on risk of hospitalization among patients with COVID-19: the TOGETHER randomized trial.
The TOGETHER randomized trial evaluated the effect of spirulina on hospitalization risk among 1126 high-risk COVID-19 patients. Spirulina showed no clinical benefits compared to placebo in reducing COVID-19-related hospitalization or other secondary outcomes.
The Effect of Spirulina Supplementation on Blood Pressure in Adults: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluated the effect of spirulina on blood pressure in adults. Spirulina consumption was found to decrease both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, particularly in hypertensive and overweight individuals, as well as those over 50 years old and with interventions longer than 8 weeks. The study suggests spirulina could be used in clinical practice to manage blood pressure.
Antiviral potential of spirulina in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus or Hepatis C virus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the antiviral potential of Spirulina supplementation in HIV- and HCV-infected patients. The analysis found significant improvements in viral load and CD4 T-cell counts, suggesting a beneficial effect of Spirulina on immunity.
The effect of Spirulina supplementation on lipid profile: GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 RCTs with 1076 participants assessing Spirulina supplementation on lipid profiles. Spirulina significantly reduced LDL-C, TC, and TG levels, and increased HDL-C levels, indicating positive effects on heart health.
Antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of Spirulina in disease conditions: a systematic review.
Systematic review evaluating the effects of Spirulina supplementation on pathological conditions, highlighting its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties. The review supports benefits in various diseases, except male infertility, but notes the need for more clinically controlled trials.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of spirulina in exercise and sport: A systematic review.
Systematic review analyzing the effects of spirulina on oxidative stress, immune system, inflammation, and performance in athletes and people undergoing exercise interventions. Spirulina shows potential for increasing oxygen uptake and improving exercise tolerance during submaximal exercise, but does not enhance performance in power athletes. Evidence for immune system benefits is lacking, and overall benefits in healthy people engaged in physical exercise are inconsistent.
Spirulina supplementation and oxidative stress and pro‐inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of controlled clinical trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies with 465 subjects evaluating spirulina's effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Spirulina supplementation showed a significant increase in IL-2 concentrations, which became insignificant after sensitivity analysis, and marginal decreases in IL-6 and TBARS levels. No significant effects were observed on TNF-α and MDA concentrations.
Spirulina supplementation as an adjuvant therapy in enhancement of antioxidant capacity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine controlled clinical trials with 415 subjects examining spirulina supplementation's effects on antioxidant status. Spirulina showed a marginally significant effect on total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase activity, but no effect on glutathione peroxidase activity.
Impact of spirulina supplementation on obesity-related metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of spirulina supplementation on lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and anti-inflammatory markers in adults with obesity-related metabolic disorders. Spirulina significantly reduced triglycerides and total cholesterol levels, suggesting its role as an adjuvant treatment for improving lipid profiles.
Bioactive Compounds of Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina) with Potential Anticancer Activities: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review evaluating the potential anticancer activities of Arthrospira spp. (Spirulina) compounds, focusing on phycocyanin. The review included 20 articles and found that these compounds inhibit tumor cell proliferation, induce apoptosis, and exhibit antioxidant, antiangiogenic, and antimetastatic activities. Phycocyanin showed efficacy against several cancer types and synergized with established cancer drugs.
Effect of Microalgae Arthrospira on Biomarkers of Glycemic Control and Glucose Metabolism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of Arthrospira (Spirulina) supplementation on glycemic control and glucose metabolism. Clinical studies showed significant reductions in fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, and an increase in HDL-C, but no significant effect on HbA1C and LDL-C. Preclinical studies showed significant reductions in FBS and HbA1C in diabetic animals.
Spirulina supplementation and anthropometric indices: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials assessing spirulina supplementation on anthropometric indices. Spirulina showed beneficial effects on weight and waist circumference, with significant effects on body mass index in studies lasting at least 12 weeks.
Combined high-intensity interval training and spirulina supplementation synergistically improve inflammatory and lipid-associated biomarkers in men with obesity.
RCT assessing the efficacy of 12-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and Spirulina supplementation on inflammatory and lipid-associated biomarkers in 64 men with obesity. The combination of HIIT and Spirulina showed superior efficacy in improving plasma concentrations of IL-10, ApoM, and S1P, and reducing IL-1β and Dectin-1 compared to either intervention alone.
Effects of spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis supplementation on inflammation, physical and mental quality of life, and anthropometric measures in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS): a triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
A triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 80 RRMS patients assessed the effects of 1g/day spirulina supplementation over 12 weeks. Spirulina significantly reduced serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels, improved health perception, physical function, energy, and sexual function, and resulted in weight reduction compared to placebo.
Effectiveness of an Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) Softgel Supplementation on Sleep Quality, Mental Health Status, and Body Mass Index in Mild to Moderately Severe Depression Adults: A Double‐Blinded, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of Spirulina supplementation on sleep quality, mental health status, and BMI in adults with mild to moderately severe depression. Spirulina improved sleep quality and mental health, with significant differences in PSQI and DASS-21 scores compared to placebo. No significant changes in BMI or blood pressure were observed.
Effects of Spirulina supplementation in patients with ulcerative colitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial.
RCT of 80 patients with ulcerative colitis assessing Spirulina supplementation effects on disease activity, quality of life, antioxidant status, and serum PTX-3 levels. Spirulina improved antioxidant capacity and health-related quality of life but did not significantly change disease activity, ESR, or PTX-3 levels.
Spirulina supplementation and circuit resistance training (CRT) reduce serum asprosin and appetite and improve energy balance in men with obesity and overweight.
Single-blind RCT of 60 men with obesity and overweight, divided into four groups: training plus spirulina, training plus placebo, spirulina, and placebo. The study found that 8 weeks of spirulina supplementation and circuit resistance training reduced asprosin levels, appetite, and calorie intake, while increasing energy expenditure and fullness, with the most significant changes in the training plus spirulina group.
The effects of spirulina intake on clinical and metabolic parameters in Alzheimer's disease: A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial studied the effects of spirulina intake on cognitive function and metabolic status in 60 Alzheimer's disease patients. Spirulina intake significantly improved MMSE scores, decreased hs-CRP, fasting glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, and increased insulin sensitivity compared to placebo over 12 weeks.
Spirulina as a daily nutritional supplement of young pre-school Cambodian children of deprived settings: a single-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial.
A single-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial assessed the efficacy of Spirulina supplementation on growth and anemia in preschool children in Cambodia. The Spirulina group showed a modest trend towards higher weight gain compared to placebo and a significant reduction in anemia. No significant difference in height increase was observed.
The Combinatory Effect of Spirulina Supplementation and Resistance Exercise on Plasma Contents of Adipolin, Apelin, Ghrelin, and Glucose in Overweight and Obese Men.
Single-blind quasiexperimental study with 60 overweight and obese men assigned to four groups: training plus spirulina, training plus placebo, spirulina, or placebo. Over eight weeks, spirulina supplementation and resistance training led to significant changes in adipolin, apelin, and ghrelin levels, with reduced FBS levels in the training plus spirulina group.
Efficacy of Spirulina 500 mg vs Triamcinolone Acetonide 0.1% for the Treatment of Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
RCT comparing spirulina 500 mg supplementation with triamcinolone acetonide 0.1% for treating oral lichen planus in 60 subjects. Spirulina group showed significant improvement in reducing burning sensation and lesion size, suggesting it could be an effective adjunct therapy.
The effects of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, sleep quality, mental health, fatigue status and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of 80 ulcerative colitis patients comparing 1g/day spirulina to placebo for 8 weeks. Spirulina significantly reduced sleep disturbances and stress score, and improved quality of life, but did not significantly affect anxiety, depression, fatigue, anthropometric indices, or blood pressure.
Effects of Spirulina supplementation on obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials assessing Spirulina supplementation on obesity. Results from 5 studies showed significant reductions in weight, body fat percent, and waist circumference, particularly in obese individuals.
The effects of spirulina on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of spirulina on glycemic control and serum lipoproteins in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Spirulina supplementation significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and increased HDL-C levels.
The effects of Spirulina supplementation on metabolic syndrome components, its liver manifestation and related inflammatory markers: A systematic review.
Systematic review of 18 RCTs assessing Spirulina supplementation effects on metabolic syndrome components, liver manifestation, and inflammatory markers. Spirulina supplementation showed positive effects on these components, though optimal dosage and duration require further study.
Impact of daily supplementation of Spirulina platensis on the immune system of naïve HIV-1 patients in Cameroon: a 12-months single blind, randomized, multicenter trial.
A 12-month single-blind, randomized, multicenter trial in Cameroon studied the effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on 320 HIV-1 ARV-naïve participants. The study found a significant increase in CD4 cell counts and a decrease in viral load levels in the group receiving Spirulina supplementation, along with improved hemoglobin levels and reduced fasting blood glucose concentration.
Preclinical antitoxic properties of Spirulina (Arthrospira).
Systematic review of literature on Spirulina's effects on experimental poisonings from various pollutants. Spirulina and its compounds effectively counteracted toxic effects of pollutants like arsenic, cadmium, and mercury, suggesting potential as a coadjuvant in clinical practice.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of Spirulina supplementation on plasma lipid concentrations. Analysis of 7 RCTs showed that Spirulina significantly reduced plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, while increasing HDL-C levels.
[SPIRULINA AND ITS HYPOLIPIDEMIC AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTS IN HUMANS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW].
Systematic review of 8 human intervention studies on Spirulina over the last 5 years, suggesting oral administration (1-10 g/d) has hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects. However, studies lacked proper randomization and control, and no biological mechanism was proposed.
Nutrition rehabilitation of undernourished children utilizing Spiruline and Misola.
RCT assessing the impact of Spiruline and Misola on the nutritional status of 550 undernourished children under 5 years old. The study found that Spiruline plus Misola corrected weight loss more quickly than Misola or Spiruline alone, indicating a synergistic effect in nutrition rehabilitation.
Impact of a 12-week High-Intensity Interval Training With Spirulina Supplementation on Insulin Resistance-Mediated by Apo-A, -B, and -J in Men With Obesity HIIT With Spirulina on Apolipoproteins.
RCT assessing the impact of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and spirulina supplementation on men with obesity. Spirulina with HIIT increased Apo-A, decreased Apo-B and Apo-J levels, and improved body composition, BMI, and HOMA-IR.
Subgingivally Delivered Spirulina Gel and Chlorhexidine Gel in Periodontitis Patients - A Comparative Study.
A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, split-mouth study comparing the efficacy of subgingivally delivered spirulina gel with chlorhexidine gel in stage III periodontitis patients. Both groups showed significant improvements in clinical parameters and reduced microbial load, with no significant difference between the spirulina and CHX groups.
Effect of spirulina platensis algae purified bioactive peptides on wound healing after periodontal flap surgery: a randomized clinical trial.
This double-blind, split-mouth randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of spirulina bioactive peptides on wound healing and inflammation after periodontal surgery in 20 patients. The spirulina group showed significant improvements in plaque and bleeding indices, gingival redness, and pain scores compared to controls, suggesting spirulina's potential as an adjunct therapy in periodontal surgery.
Physiological effects of spirulina supplementation during lactate threshold exercise at simulated altitude (2,500 m): a randomized controlled trial.
RCT with 20 healthy participants investigating spirulina supplementation during lactate threshold exercise at simulated altitude. Spirulina reduced heart rate during the test but did not produce additional physiological or hematological benefits.
Effects of a Gel Containing the Defined Microalgae Extract Spiralin® on the Skin Microbiome and Clinical Activity in Atopic Dermatitis: A Double-Blind, Intraindividual Vehicle-Controlled Proof-Of-Concept Study.
Double-blind, intraindividual vehicle-controlled proof-of-concept study with 20 patients using a gel containing Spiralin, an extract of Spirulina platensis, on atopic dermatitis lesions. The active gel increased microbiome diversity and reduced clinical disease activity compared to vehicle, with a significant increase in the Shannon index and a decrease in lesion size.
Spirulina Platensis Attenuates Rebound Dyspeptic Symptoms After Proton Pump Inhibitors' Discontinuation: Phase 2 Placebo-controlled Trial.
Phase 2 placebo-controlled trial assessing Spirulina platensis for attenuating rebound dyspeptic symptoms after PPI discontinuation in 43 patients. Spirulina reduced rebound dyspepsia compared to placebo, but not reflux symptoms. No significant side effects were reported.
Oral Palatability and Owners’ Perception of the Effect of Increasing Amounts of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) in the Diet of a Cohort of Healthy Dogs and Cats
The study assessed the palatability and owners' perception of Spirulina supplementation in 60 dogs and 30 cats over a 6-week period. Spirulina was well accepted by the animals, with no significant side effects reported. Owners were willing to continue using Spirulina, especially for senior dogs.
Algae Ingestion Increases Resting and Exercised Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates to a Similar Extent as Mycoprotein in Young Adults.
RCT comparing the effects of spirulina, chlorella, and mycoprotein on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates in young adults. Spirulina and chlorella increased resting and postexercise MyoPS rates to a similar extent as mycoprotein, despite different plasma amino acid responses.
Fourteen-Days Spirulina Supplementation Increases Hemoglobin, but Does Not Provide Ergogenic Benefit in Recreationally Active Cyclists: A Double-Blinded Randomized Crossover Trial.
Double-blinded randomized crossover trial with 17 recreationally active individuals assessing the effects of 6g/day spirulina supplementation for 14 days. Spirulina increased hemoglobin concentration by 3.4% but did not provide significant ergogenic benefits during maximal or submaximal cycling exercise.
Effects on Spirulina Supplementation on Immune Cells' Parameters of Elite College Athletes.
RCT of 39 male soccer players examining the effects of spirulina supplementation on immune cell parameters during an 8-week tournament preparation period. Spirulina supplementation inhibited changes in leukocytes and monocytes, suggesting potential improvements in immunity.
Spirulina supplementation prevents exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, inflammation and skeletal muscle damage in elite rugby players.
RCT with 17 elite male Rugby Union players examining spirulina supplementation effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and skeletal muscle damage after exhaustive exercise. Spirulina prevented increases in lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and muscle damage markers, and accelerated recovery to baseline levels.
The effect of Spirulina sauce, as a functional food, on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic profile, and liver enzymes in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients: A randomized double‐blinded clinical trial
This randomized, double-blind clinical trial investigated the effect of Spirulina on cardiometabolic risk factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, glycemic profile, and liver enzymes in 46 NAFLD patients. Spirulina improved fatty liver grade by modifying liver enzymes, oxidative stress, and some lipid profiles, but had no effect on anthropometric characteristics and blood pressure.
Antihypertensive and antihyperlipemic of spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) sauce on patients with hypertension: A randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Triple-blind randomized clinical trial assessing the effects of 8-week consumption of spirulina-fortified salad dressing on 48 patients with hypertension. Spirulina significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL levels compared to placebo. No significant changes in TAC and hs-CRP levels were observed.
Spirulina supplementation during gradual weight loss in competitive wrestlers.
RCT assessing spirulina supplementation during gradual weight loss in 40 competitive wrestlers. Spirulina group showed greater reductions in body fat percentage and fat mass compared to placebo, and significant decreases in myostatin and liver enzymes, while maintaining IGF-1 and follistatin levels.
The Effects of Spirulina Supplementation on Redox Status and Performance Following a Muscle Damaging Protocol.
RCT evaluating spirulina supplementation (6 g per day) on redox status, muscle performance, and damage following an eccentric exercise protocol in 24 recreationally trained males. No significant differences were found between the spirulina and placebo groups for redox status, muscle performance, or damage.
Alternative protein sources in Western diets: Food product development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta
The study investigated the development and consumer acceptance of spirulina-filled pasta with varying levels of spirulina-soy-extrudate. Consumer tests in Germany, the Netherlands, and France showed a preference for lemon-basil flavor, with liking decreasing as extrudate content increased. Familiarity with spirulina and low food neophobia promoted consumer liking.
Spirulina supplementation improves oxygen uptake in arm cycling exercise.
In a double-blinded randomized crossover study, 11 males untrained in arm cycling ingested 6g/day of spirulina or placebo for seven days. Spirulina supplementation significantly increased hemoglobin levels and reduced oxygen uptake and heart rate during submaximal arm cycling exercise, allowing for increased oxygen uptake during an incremental test to fatigue.
Clinical comparison of the efficacy of spirulina platensis and cetirizine for treatment of allergic rhinitis.
RCT comparing the efficacy of spirulina platensis and cetirizine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. No abstract available to provide specific findings.
The efficacy of dietary Spirulina as an adjunct to chemotherapy to improve immune function and reduce myelosuppression in patients with malignant tumors
RCT of 100 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, comparing Spirulina supplementation to control. Spirulina group showed higher WBC and NEU levels after two cycles, reduced severe myelosuppression, and improved immune markers (IgM and CD8+ T cells) compared to control.
Hypolipidemic Effect of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program in Overweight and Obese Men: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Crossover Controlled Trial
A double-blind, randomized, crossover controlled trial evaluated the effects of Spirulina maxima supplementation (4.5 g/day) with or without a physical exercise program on blood lipids and BMI in 52 overweight and obese men. Significant reductions in plasma lipids were observed in the group receiving both Spirulina and exercise, particularly in dyslipidemic subjects.
Spirulina platensis effectively ameliorates anthropometric measurements and obesity-related metabolic disorders in obese or overweight healthy individuals: A randomized controlled trial.
RCT of 52 obese and overweight individuals comparing Spirulina Platensis supplementation with placebo over 12 weeks. The SP group showed significant reductions in body weight, waist circumference, body fat, BMI, triglycerides, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels compared to placebo. Appetite scores were also significantly reduced in the SP group.
Effect of Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima Supplementation and a Systematic Physical Exercise Program on the Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Overweight or Obese Subjects: A Double-Blind, Randomized, and Crossover Controlled Trial.
Double-blind, randomized, crossover controlled trial assessing the effects of Spirulina maxima supplementation and systematic physical exercise on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in overweight and obese subjects. Supplementation improved body fat percentage, maximal oxygen uptake, weight loss, time to reach fatigue, and onset of blood lactate accumulation, with more significant benefits observed in obese individuals.
The effects of Spirulina Platensis on anthropometric indices, appetite, lipid profile and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in obese individuals: a randomized double blinded placebo controlled trial.
RCT of 64 obese individuals comparing 1g/day Spirulina platensis to placebo for 12 weeks. Spirulina significantly reduced body weight, BMI, and appetite, and decreased serum total cholesterol. HDL-c increased in both groups, but no significant changes in LDL-c, triglycerides, or VEGF were observed.
Spirulina maxima improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and total antioxidant status in obese patients with well-treated hypertension: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
RCT of 50 obese subjects with treated hypertension, comparing 2g daily Spirulina supplementation to placebo for three months. Spirulina significantly decreased body mass, BMI, waist circumference, LDL-C, and IL-6 levels, and improved total antioxidant status and insulin sensitivity.
The influence of obesity on the effects of spirulina supplementation in the human metabolic response of Korean elderly
RCT of 78 Korean elderly examining spirulina supplementation effects on lipid profiles, immune functions, and antioxidant capacity. Spirulina significantly improved cholesterol levels, immune markers, and antioxidant status in non-obese participants, but not in obese participants.
Effect of Spirulina maxima Supplementation on Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, and Zinc Status in Obese Patients with Treated Hypertension.
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 50 obese subjects with treated hypertension, assessing the effects of 2g daily Spirulina maxima supplementation on calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc status over 3 months. Spirulina supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in plasma iron levels.
A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study of spirulina supplementation on indices of mental and physical fatigue in men.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in men testing spirulina supplementation on mental and physical fatigue. A 3g/day dose of spirulina increased exercise output and improved performance on a mental fatigue test after 1 week, with effects observed 4 hours after first supplementation and 8 weeks later.
Effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profile in HIV-infected antiretroviral naïve patients in Yaounde-Cameroon: a randomized trial study.
A randomized trial studied the effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on lipid profiles in 169 HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive patients. Spirulina supplementation led to a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, improving the atherogenic index.
The effect of Arthrospira platensis capsules on CD4 T-cells and antioxidative capacity in a randomized pilot study of adult women infected with human immunodeficiency virus not under HAART in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
This pilot RCT studied the effects of 5 g/day Spirulina supplementation on CD4 T-cells, viral load, and antioxidant capacity in 73 HIV-infected women not under HAART. No differences in immunological and virological markers were observed between the Spirulina and placebo groups. However, the Spirulina group showed a significant increase in antioxidant capacity compared to the placebo group.
Effectiveness of a novel herbal agent MB-6 as a potential adjunct to 5-fluoracil-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.
RCT of 72 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer comparing chemotherapy with leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin in combination with either MB-6 or placebo for 16 weeks. MB-6 group had a significantly lower disease progression rate and fewer adverse events compared to placebo, suggesting MB-6 may enhance chemotherapy effectiveness.
The hypolipidaemic effects of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) supplementation in a Cretan population: a prospective study.
Prospective study of 52 dyslipidaemic Cretan outpatients consuming 1 g Spirulina daily for 12 weeks. Significant reductions in triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol were observed, indicating Spirulina's hypolipidaemic effects.
Spirulina platensis versus silymarin in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection. A pilot randomized, comparative clinical trial
Pilot randomized clinical trial comparing Spirulina platensis and Silymarin in 66 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection over six months. Spirulina showed a greater, though not statistically significant, virological response compared to Silymarin. Improvements in alanine aminotransferase, CLDQ, and ASEX scores were more significant in the Spirulina group.
Potential of Spirulina Platensis as a Nutritional Supplement in Malnourished HIV-Infected Adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Randomised, Single-Blind Study
Randomized, single-blind study comparing spirulina and soya beans as nutritional supplements in malnourished HIV-infected adults in Sub-Saharan Africa. Both supplements improved nutritional status, but spirulina showed superior improvements in fat-free mass, CD4 count, and viral load reduction.
[Use of spirulina supplement for nutritional management of HIV-infected patients: study in Bangui, Central African Republic].
This six-month randomized prospective longitudinal study assessed the impact of spirulina supplement on clinical and laboratory findings in HIV-infected patients in Bangui, CAR. Patients received 10 grams of spirulina daily or a placebo. Significant improvements were observed in both groups, with higher protidemia and creatinemia in the spirulina group. The Karnofsky score was better at 3 months in the spirulina group, but not at 6 months. Further study is needed to evaluate long-term effects and optimal dosing.
The effects of spirulina on allergic rhinitis.
This double blind, placebo controlled study evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of spirulina for treating patients with allergic rhinitis. Spirulina consumption significantly improved symptoms and physical findings compared with placebo, including nasal discharge, sneezing, nasal congestion, and itching.
Effects of a Spirulina-based dietary supplement on cytokine production from allergic rhinitis patients.
Randomized double-blinded crossover study evaluating the impact of a Spirulina-based dietary supplement on cytokine production in patients with allergic rhinitis. Spirulina at 2,000 mg/day significantly reduced IL-4 levels by 32% from PHA-stimulated cells, indicating modulation of the Th profile by suppressing Th2 cell differentiation.
[Use of blue-green micro-seaweed Spirulina platensis for the correction of lipid and hemostatic disturbances in patients with ischemic heart disease].
RCT investigating the effects of Spirulina platensis on lipid spectrum, immunological state, and coagulation in 68 patients with ischemic heart disease and atherogenic dyslipidemia. Spirulina showed a correcting effect on procoagulation and immunopathological reactions associated with atherosclerosis.
Activation of the human innate immune system by Spirulina: augmentation of interferon production and NK cytotoxicity by oral administration of hot water extract of Spirulina platensis.
The study investigated the immune potentiating effects of Spirulina platensis by analyzing blood cells of volunteers before and after oral administration of its hot water extract. NK functions, including IFN gamma production and cytolysis, were enhanced in over 50% of subjects, suggesting Spirulina's role in augmenting immune responses.
Spirulina platensis as a growth booster for broiler; Insights into their nutritional, molecular, immunohistopathological, and microbiota modulating effects
The study assessed the effects of Spirulina platensis supplementation on broiler chickens over 35 days. Spirulina significantly improved body weight growth, feed conversion rate, antioxidant status, and gut health, while reducing histopathological changes and iNOS expression in the gut.
Pulsed electric fields (PEF), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and combined PEF + PLE process evaluation: Effects on Spirulina microstructure, biomolecules recovery and Triple TOF-LC-MS-MS polyphenol composition
The study evaluates the impact of pulsed electric fields (PEF), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), and a combined PEF + PLE process on the extraction yield of antioxidant compounds from Spirulina. The combined PEF + PLE process significantly improved the extraction yield of proteins, polyphenols, chlorophyll, and antioxidant capacity compared to PEF or PLE alone and the conventional Folch extraction method.
Nutritional Quality and Safety of the Spirulina Dietary Supplements Sold on the Slovenian Market
The study characterized the elemental, amino acid, and fatty acid content of commercially available Spirulina supplements in Slovenia. It found that Spirulina is a good source of certain nutrients but noted significant variation in nutrient content due to additives and a high proportion of inappropriate declarations regarding elemental content.
The Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Spirulina (Artrhospira platensis) Chlorophylls Microencapsulated in Different Ratios of Gum Arabic and Whey Protein Isolate
The study investigates the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of chlorophylls extracted from spirulina and microencapsulated in different ratios of gum Arabic and whey protein isolate. The microcapsules showed improved chemical stability and antioxidant activity, with the GA:WPI ratio of 3:7 providing the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity.
Interactions between polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics and Spirulina sp. microalgae in aquatic systems
The study evaluated the interaction between polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics and Spirulina sp. microalgae. It found that microplastics significantly decreased the growth rate of Spirulina sp. and caused surface damage to its cells. Spirulina sp. also contributed to the degradation of microplastics, as indicated by changes in functional groups and a decrease in carbon content.
Blood 15N:13C Enrichment Ratios Are Proportional to the Ingested Quantity of Protein with the Dual-Tracer Approach for Determining Amino Acid Bioavailability in Humans.
Crossover study in 10 healthy adults using a dual stable isotope tracer approach to assess amino acid bioavailability. Participants consumed meals with 15N-labeled milk protein and 13C-enriched spirulina. The 15N:13C enrichment ratio in blood increased proportionally to the quantity of 15N-labeled protein ingested.
Impact of Spirulina Supplementation on Semen Parameters in Patients with Idiopathic Male Infertility: A Pilot Randomized Trial.
Pilot randomized trial evaluating the efficacy of spirulina supplementation on semen parameters in 40 men with idiopathic infertility. No significant differences in semen parameters were observed between the spirulina and control groups, but a pregnancy rate of 5% was noted in the spirulina group versus 0% in the control group.
Effects of spirulina and wakame consumption on intestinal cholesterol absorption and serum lipid concentrations in non-hypercholesterolemic adult men and women.
RCT with 35 non-hypercholesterolemic men and women consuming 4.8 g spirulina, wakame, or placebo for 17 days. Spirulina and wakame did not affect plasma markers for intestinal cholesterol absorption, cholesterol synthesis, serum lipid, glucose concentrations, or blood pressure.
Treatment for benign thyroid nodules with a combination of natural extracts.
This placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and safety of a supplement containing spirulina, curcumin, and Boswellia in euthyroid patients with benign thyroid nodules. Over 12 weeks, the active substances led to a significant reduction in nodule size compared to placebo, suggesting effectiveness in reducing benign thyroid nodules.
An attempt to induce an immunomodulatory effect in rowers with spirulina extract.
Double-blind RCT with 19 Polish rowers testing spirulina supplementation (1500 mg for 6 weeks) on immune response to maximal exercise. The spirulina group showed no post-exercise increase in Treg count or post-recovery decrease in Tγδ cell count, unlike the placebo group. Spirulina may protect against immune deficits and improve overtraining thresholds.
Effects of spirulina consumption on body weight, blood pressure, and endothelial function in overweight hypertensive Caucasians: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial.
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of Spirulina maxima on body weight, blood pressure, and endothelial function in 40 overweight hypertensive patients. After three months, the spirulina group showed significant reductions in BMI, weight, systolic blood pressure, and stiffness index, while no changes were observed in the placebo group.
Clinical Safety of a High Dose of Phycocyanin-Enriched Aqueous Extract from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis: Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study with a Focus on Anticoagulant Activity and Platelet Activation.
RCT evaluating the safety of a high dose of phycocyanin-enriched extract from Spirulina platensis on anticoagulant activity and platelet activation. The study found no changes in platelet activation markers or coagulation times, but significant reductions in AST and ALT levels, suggesting improved liver function. The extract also significantly reduced chronic pain.
Clinical Efficacy of Dermocosmetic Formulations Containing Spirulina Extract on Young and Mature Skin: Effects on the Skin Hydrolipidic Barrier and Structural Properties
RCT evaluating the clinical efficacy of dermocosmetic formulations containing Spirulina extract on young and mature skin. The formulation improved skin hydration, reduced transepidermal water loss, decreased sebum content, and enhanced skin microrelief, particularly in the older group.
Efficacy of spirulina as an antioxidant adjuvant to corticosteroid injection in management of oral submucous fibrosis.
Intervention study on 40 oral submucous fibrosis patients comparing spirulina 500 mg twice daily with placebo, both receiving biweekly intralesional steroid injections. Spirulina group showed significant improvements in mouth opening and reduction in burning sensation compared to placebo, suggesting spirulina's efficacy as an adjuvant therapy.
Effect of Spirulina maxima on postprandial lipemia in young runners: a preliminary report.
This study evaluated the effects of orally administered Spirulina maxima on postprandial lipemia in young Mexican runners after 15 days of consumption. The results showed that fasting plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and postprandial lipemia were lower after Spirulina treatment, with the youngest participants showing the best response.
The effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in HIV-infected patients: a randomized pilot study.
Randomized pilot study comparing the effect of Spirulina platensis versus soybean on insulin resistance in 33 HIV-infected patients. Insulin sensitivity increased by 224.7% in the spirulina group compared to 60% in the soybean group after eight weeks, suggesting spirulina improves insulin sensitivity more effectively.
Enhancement of natural killer cell activity in healthy subjects by Immulina®, a Spirulina extract enriched for Braun-type lipoproteins.
Two studies investigated the effects of Immulina, a Spirulina extract, on NK cell activity. A pilot study with 10 subjects showed a 40% increase in NK cell activity, while a placebo-controlled crossover study with 11 subjects showed increased mRNA expression of NK cell markers after Immulina supplementation.
Ergogenic and antioxidant effects of spirulina supplementation in humans.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with 9 moderately trained males examining spirulina supplementation effects. Spirulina increased time to fatigue, enhanced fat oxidation, and improved antioxidant status by increasing GSH levels and reducing TBARS after exercise.
Spirulina did not ameliorate idiopathic chronic fatigue in four N-of-1 randomized controlled trials.
Four N-of-1 double-blind, randomized trials were conducted on four physicians with chronic fatigue, each receiving 3 g/day of spirulina and placebo in randomized order. Spirulina did not significantly ameliorate fatigue compared to placebo in any subject.
Efficacy of spirulina extract plus zinc in patients of chronic arsenic poisoning: a randomized placebo-controlled study.
This randomized placebo-controlled study evaluated the effectiveness of spirulina extract plus zinc in treating chronic arsenic poisoning in 41 patients. The treatment group showed significant improvements in skin manifestations and arsenic removal from the body compared to placebo, suggesting potential benefits for melanosis and keratosis.
Preventive effects of Spirulina platensis on skeletal muscle damage under exercise-induced oxidative stress.
RCT examining the effects of spirulina supplementation on skeletal muscle damage in untrained humans. Spirulina reduced plasma malondialdehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase activity, suggesting a protective effect against exercise-induced oxidative stress. Time to exhaustion was significantly extended in the spirulina group.
[Evaluation of the efficacy of a plant adaptogen (spirulina) in the pathognic therapy of primary tuberculosis in children].
RCT studying the use of spirulina as a systemic biocorrector in the combined treatment of tuberculosis in 26 children. Spirulina application shortened intoxication syndrome regression time and reduced adverse reactions to antituberculous preparations.
Chronic viral hepatitis, the treatment with spiruline for one month has no effect on the aminotransferases.
Double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of spirulina in 24 patients with chronic viral liver disease. Spirulina treatment for one month showed no effect on aminotransferases levels compared to placebo, with significant results not favoring spirulina.
Hypocholesterolemic effect of spirulina in patients with hyperlipidemic nephrotic syndrome.
RCT involving 23 patients with nephrotic syndrome comparing medication alone to medication plus 1 g/day Spirulina. Spirulina group showed significant reductions in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, indicating a positive effect on lipid levels in hyperlipidemic nephrotic syndrome.
Effect of protein restriction on (15)N transfer from dietary [(15)N]alanine and [(15)N]Spirulina platensis into urea.
Six normal men and six subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus consumed test meals with [(15)N]alanine and [(15)N]Spirulina platensis under high and low protein intake conditions. Protein restriction increased certain serum amino acid concentrations and reduced leucine. The study found that protein restriction reduced the postmeal transfer of dietary (15)N into urea by similar amounts for both tracers.