Research
Sodium (Electrolyte)
9 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Effect of population-based sodium reduction interventions on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis included cluster randomized controlled trials comparing population-based sodium reduction interventions with usual care for blood pressure management. The analysis found that sodium reduction interventions decreased office systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to usual care, with significant benefits observed in adults and hypertensive cohorts.
Sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental and observational studies.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between sodium intake and blood pressure in children and adolescents. It included 85 studies with 58,531 participants, finding that higher sodium intake is associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The findings support reducing sodium intake during childhood and adolescence to lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension.
Sodium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 observational studies with 66,274 participants investigating the association between sodium status and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The analysis found that subjects with MetS have significantly higher sodium levels compared to healthy controls, and higher sodium intake is associated with a 37% increased risk of developing MetS.
Dietary sodium manipulation and asthma.
Meta-analysis of nine studies on dietary sodium manipulation in asthma patients. No significant benefits of salt restriction on asthma control were found. Some evidence suggests a low sodium diet may improve lung function in exercise-induced asthma, but the clinical significance is unclear.
Effect of regulated add-on sodium chloride intake on stabilization of serum lithium concentration in bipolar disorder: A randomized controlled trial.
RCT in 60 patients with type I bipolar disorder evaluating the effect of add-on sodium chloride on serum lithium levels. The test group receiving sodium chloride showed significantly lower fluctuation rates in serum lithium compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, aldosterone, creatinine clearance, and blood pressure between groups.
The effect of inhaled dry salt on pulmonary mucociliary clearance in obstructive lung disease: A randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
This randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study examined the effect of inhaled dry NaCl on mucociliary clearance in 25 patients with COPD. No significant differences were observed in mucociliary clearance between NaCl and placebo after 1 or 2 hours. The study was terminated early due to COVID-19, leaving it underpowered.
Hydration Responses to Pre-Exercise Sodium Hyperhydration at Rest and During Cycling in the Heat and Across Menstrual Cycle Phases.
This study examined hydration responses to sodium hyperhydration in female athletes at rest and during cycling across menstrual cycle phases. Sodium hyperhydration increased fluid retention and reduced body mass loss during exercise in the heat, with greater effects observed in the early-follicular phase.
Sodium Hyperhydration Improves Performance With No Change in Thermal and Cardiovascular Strain in Female Cyclists Exercising in the Heat Across the Menstrual Cycle.
This study investigated the effect of sodium hyperhydration on thermal and cardiovascular strain and exercise performance in unacclimatized endurance-trained females exercising in the heat. Sodium hyperhydration improved time trial performance compared to placebo, especially during menstrual cycle Phase 4, without significant effects on rectal temperature or heart rate.
Dietary Salt (Sodium Chloride) Requirement and Adverse Effects of Salt Restriction in Humans.
Human mineral balance studies were conducted to determine the estimated average requirement for sodium and other minerals. The study found that low sodium intake affects the balance of calcium and magnesium, and indiscriminate sodium restriction may have adverse health effects. Blood pressure decreased only in the group with lower sodium intake.