Research

Rutin (Quercetin Glycoside)

29 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

2
Meta-analyses
4
Systematic reviews
15
RCTs
8
Other studies
Meta-analyses (7%)
Systematic reviews (14%)
RCTs (52%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2025·Frontiers in pharmacology·Zhenkai Zou, Fanglian Zhang, Zhigang Pan, et al

Assessing the therapeutic potential of rutin in alleviating symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 174Gut Health Inflammation

Meta-analysis of nine animal studies with 174 animals assessing rutin's effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Rutin showed significant positive impacts on weight loss, disease activity index, inflammatory markers, oxidative stress markers, and antioxidant defenses. It demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, similar to existing drugs like sulfasalazine and budesonide.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology·Yanting Feng, Lanchun Peng, Xiaohui Liu, et al

Rutin-Associated Hepatoprotection: A Review of Mechanisms and Therapeutic Prospects.

Systematic review

This systematic review examines the therapeutic potential of rutin in hepatic disorders, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, particularly its effects on inflammatory pathways, oxidative stress, and hepatocellular protection. The review provides theoretical support for developing rutin-based therapies in hepatic disease management.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics·Z Aziz, W L Tang, N J Chong, et al

A systematic review of the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxyethylrutosides for improvement of the signs and symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency.

Meta-analysisn = 1,643Inflammation

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 trials involving 1643 participants evaluating hydroxyethylrutosides (HR) for chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). HR significantly reduced symptoms of pain, heavy legs, and cramps, with no serious adverse effects reported. However, the trials were of limited quality, indicating a need for better-quality studies.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·Rebecca M D Smyth, Nasreen Aflaifel, Anthony A Bamigboye

Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy.

Systematic reviewn = 326

Systematic review of interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy, including seven trials with 326 women. One trial found that rutoside significantly reduced symptoms of varicose veins. Reflexology and water immersion also showed symptom improvement for leg oedema, but findings are based on small studies.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·Nutrients·Akarsh Mathrani, Wilson Yip, Ivana R Sequeira-Bisson, et al

Effect of a 12-Week Polyphenol Rutin Intervention on Markers of Pancreatic β-Cell Function and Gut Microbiota in Adults with Overweight without Diabetes.

RCTn = 87

This 12-week double-blind RCT investigated the effect of 500 mg/day rutin supplementation on pancreatic β-cell function and gut microbiota in 87 adults with overweight and normoglycaemia or prediabetes. Rutin supplementation did not alter pancreatic β-cell response to OGTT or significantly change gut bacterial community composition.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·BMJ open gastroenterology·Sara Razdar, Yunes Panahi, Ramtin Mohammadi, et al

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of an innovative flavonoid lotion in patients with haemorrhoid: a randomised clinical trial.

RCTn = 86Gut Health

RCT comparing flavonoid lotion to anti-haemorrhoid ointment in 86 patients with grade 2 or more haemorrhoids. The flavonoid lotion significantly reduced haemorrhoid grade and symptoms compared to the control group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·Y Nakamura, H Watanabe, A Tanaka, et al

Effect of quercetin glycosides on cognitive functions and cerebral blood flow: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 80Mental Clarity Brain Health

RCT of 80 healthy adults aged 60-75 examining the effects of quercetin glycoside-containing beverages on cognitive function and cerebral blood flow. Quercetin glycoside intake improved reaction time and may inhibit the decrease in cerebral blood flow and suppress amyloid β accumulation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Hadi Bazyar, Leila Moradi, Ferdows Zaman, et al

The effects of rutin flavonoid supplement on glycemic status, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), some serum inflammatory, and oxidative stress factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 50Inflammation Brain Health Heart Health Nutrition

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 50 T2DM patients supplemented with 500mg rutin or placebo daily for 3 months. Rutin significantly improved metabolic parameters, BDNF, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2007·The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·A A Bamigboye, R Smyth

Interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy.

Systematic reviewn = 159Womens Health

Systematic review of interventions for varicose veins and leg oedema in pregnancy. Rutoside significantly reduced symptoms of varicose veins in one trial with 69 women. Reflexology improved oedema symptoms in another trial with 43 women. Compression stockings showed no advantage in reducing oedema.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2004·British journal of sports medicine·G M M J Kerkhoffs, P A A Struijs, C de Wit, et al

A double blind, randomised, parallel group study on the efficacy and safety of treating acute lateral ankle sprain with oral hydrolytic enzymes.

RCTn = 721Joint Bone Health

RCT comparing the efficacy and safety of Phlogenzym (rutoside, bromelain, and trypsin) with double combinations, single substances, and placebo in 721 patients with acute lateral ankle sprain. Phlogenzym was not superior to other treatments or placebo overall, but showed some superiority in a subgroup without ankle brace support.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2000·The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·G L Young, D Jewell

Interventions for varicosities and leg oedema in pregnancy.

Systematic reviewn = 115

Systematic review assessing treatments for varicosity and leg oedema in pregnancy. Rutoside capsules improved symptoms in two-thirds of women compared to placebo. External pneumatic compression and water immersion also showed effects on oedema and blood pressure.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Frontiers in Nutrition·Yuta Otsuka, Naokazu Miyamoto, Akitoshi Nagai, et al

Effects of Quercetin Glycoside Supplementation Combined With Low-Intensity Resistance Training on Muscle Quantity and Stiffness: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

RCTn = 48Physical Performance

RCT in Japanese adults aged 50-74 years examining quercetin glycoside supplementation combined with low-intensity resistance training. The study found that quercetin glycoside supplementation improved passive muscle stiffness independently of muscle quantity after 24 weeks.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2017·Medicine and science in sports and exercise·Viola Grabs, Anna Kersten, Bernhard Haller, et al

Rutoside and Hydrolytic Enzymes Do Not Attenuate Marathon-Induced Inflammation.

RCTn = 138Inflammation -Immunity -

RCT of 138 healthy male runners supplemented with rutoside and hydrolytic enzymes before and after a marathon. The study found no significant differences in postrace inflammation markers or URI incidence between the supplement and placebo groups.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2016·International journal of molecular medicine·Seong Jin Choi, Sung-Nae Lee, Karam Kim, et al

Biological effects of rutin on skin aging.

RCTn = 40Skin Hair Health

The study investigated the anti-aging effects of rutin on human dermal fibroblasts and human skin. Rutin increased collagen expression, decreased MMP1 expression, and enhanced ROS scavenging activity in vitro. In a double-blind clinical study with 40 subjects, rutin-containing cream improved skin elasticity and reduced wrinkles over 4 weeks.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition·K Cui, X D Guo, Y Tu, et al

Effect of dietary supplementation of rutin on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation and metabolism in dairy cows.

RCTn = 20

The study investigated the effect of long-term dietary supplementation with rutin on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation, and metabolism in dairy cows. Cows receiving 3.0 and 4.5 mg rutin/kg showed increased milk yield compared to the control group. Rutin supplementation also affected blood metabolites, hormone levels, and ruminal fermentation parameters.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2014·Georgian medical news·N V Tsiskarishvili, A Katsitadze, Ts Tsiskarishvili, et al

[Angioprotectors in the treatment of rosacea].

RCTn = 30Skin Hair Health

RCT evaluating the efficacy of Rutin Forte in the treatment and prevention of rosacea in 30 patients. The group receiving Rutin Forte showed significant reduction in erythema and no recurrence of disease, compared to the control group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology·Toru Hirano, Mari Kawai, Junsuke Arimitsu, et al

Preventative effect of a flavonoid, enzymatically modified isoquercitrin on ocular symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis.

RCTn = 24Inflammation

RCT investigating the preventative effect of 100mg enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) on ocular symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis in 24 subjects. EMIQ significantly reduced ocular symptom and medication scores compared to placebo, with elevated serum concentrations of quercetin derivatives.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·International archives of allergy and immunology·Mari Kawai, Toru Hirano, Junsuke Arimitsu, et al

Effect of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin, a flavonoid, on symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 20Immunity

RCT investigating the efficacy of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ) in relieving symptoms of Japanese cedar pollinosis. EMIQ significantly reduced total ocular and ocular itching scores compared to placebo, with trends towards improvement in other symptoms. Serum cytokines and IgE levels were not significantly affected, but oxidized biomarkers were reduced.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2000·European journal of clinical nutrition·S P Boyle, V L Dobson, S J Duthie, et al

Bioavailability and efficiency of rutin as an antioxidant: a human supplementation study.

RCTn = 18

A 6-week randomized single-blind placebo-controlled trial with 18 healthy female volunteers studied the antioxidant effects of 500 mg rutin supplementation. Rutin significantly elevated plasma flavonoids but did not change plasma antioxidant status or urinary markers of oxidative stress.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·International journal of biological macromolecules·Anshika, Amulya Jindal, Arshad Saifi, et al

Quality by design (QbD) accredited rutin-loaded self-nanoemulsifying system of krill oil for improved dissolution rate, ameliorating human neuroblastoma and hyperlipidemia.

In vitroInflammation Heart Health Brain Health

The study developed a self-nanoemulsifying system (SNE) to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of rutin and krill oil. The SNE showed enhanced antihyperlipidemic activity in animal models and cytotoxic potential in neuroblastoma cell lines compared to coarse emulsion and plain mixes.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2023·Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics·Bhavya Banjan, Deepak Krishnan, Abel Koshy, et al

In-silico screening and identification of potential drug-like compounds for dengue-associated thrombocytopenia from Carica papaya leaf extracts

In vitro

In-silico study identifying potential drug-like compounds from Carica papaya leaf extracts for managing dengue-associated thrombocytopenia. The study found that Rutin, Myricetin 3-rhamnoside, and Kaempferol 3-(2''-rhamnosylrutinoside) may interfere with the interaction of NS1 with TLR4, potentially ameliorating thrombocytopenia.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2023·Green Processing and Synthesis·K. Mohamed, Mohamed S Abdelfattah, Manal F. El-khadragy, et al

Rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles modulated the redox status, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways associated with pentylenetetrazole-induced epilepsy in mice

Animal studyBrain Health Inflammation

The study investigated the antiepileptic efficacy of rutin-loaded selenium nanoparticles (Rut-SeNPs) in mice challenged with pentylenetetrazole. Rut-SeNPs increased seizure latency and decreased severity, improved neurotransmitter levels, enhanced antioxidant defenses, reduced inflammatory mediators, and mitigated neuronal apoptosis, suggesting potential as an effective antiepileptic therapy.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2020·The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·Hamza Mechchate, I. Es-safi, Hassan Haddad, et al

Combination of Catechin, Epicatechin, and Rutin:optimization of a novel complete antidiabetic formulation using a mixture design approach.

Animal studyNutrition

The study aims to optimize a new antidiabetic formulation using plant flavonoids Catechin, Epicatechin, and Rutin. A mixture design experiment identified the optimal combination of Rutin and Epicatechin, which prevented hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice over 28 days.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2015·European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·Camila Areias de Oliveira, Daniela D'Almeida Peres, Fabiana Graziola, et al

Cutaneous biocompatible rutin-loaded gelatin-based nanoparticles increase the SPF of the association of UVA and UVB filters.

StudySkin Hair Health

The study developed rutin-loaded gelatin nanoparticles and characterized their properties. Rutin-loaded nanoparticles increased antioxidant activity by 74% and upgraded the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) by 48%, indicating potential as a bioactive sunscreen ingredient. Safety tests showed good skin compatibility.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2001·Minerva cardioangiologica·A Cataldi, V Gasbarro, R Viaggi, et al

[Effectiveness of the combination of alpha tocopherol, rutin, melilotus, and centella asiatica in the treatment of patients with chronic venous insufficiency].

RCTn = 30

RCT evaluating the efficacy of a combination of alpha tocopherol, rutin, melilotus officinalis, and centella asiatica in 30 patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Significant improvement in clinical symptoms, including reduction of sovrafascial edema, was observed.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Aleksandra Owczarek-Januszkiewicz, A. Magiera, M. Olszewska

Enzymatically Modified Isoquercitrin: Production, Metabolism, Bioavailability, Toxicity, Pharmacology, and Related Molecular Mechanisms

Review

This review summarizes investigations into the metabolism, toxicity, biological properties, and molecular mechanisms of enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ), a derivative of isoquercitrin with enhanced bioavailability. EMIQ is gaining importance as a food additive and dietary supplement due to its safety and bioactivity.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2018·AAPS PharmSciTech·G. Ravi, R. N. Charyulu, A. Dubey, et al

Nano-lipid Complex of Rutin: Development, Characterisation and In Vivo Investigation of Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant Activity and Bioavailability Study in Rats

Animal studyInflammation Longevity

The study developed a nano-lipid complex of rutin with egg phosphatidylcholine to enhance its absorption and bioavailability. The complex showed improved solubility, antioxidant activity, and hepatoprotective effects in rats compared to pure rutin, with better oral bioavailability and efficacy in restoring normal levels of serum hepatic marker enzymes and liver antioxidant enzymes in CCl4-treated animals.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2015·Skin research and technology : official journal of International Society for Bioengineering and the Skin (ISBS) [and] International Society for Digital Imaging of Skin (ISDIS) [and] International Society for Skin Imaging (ISSI)·D A Peres, C A de Oliveira, M S da Costa, et al

Rutin increases critical wavelength of systems containing a single UV filter and with good skin compatibility.

In vitroSkin Hair Health

The study investigated the effect of rutin, a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, in combination with UVB filters in dermocosmetic preparations. Rutin increased the formulations' critical wavelengths and showed a pronounced antioxidant potential, enhancing photoprotection, especially in the UVA range.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1997·British journal of clinical pharmacology·A Béhar, E Pujade-Lauraine, A Maurel, et al

The pathophysiological mechanism of fluid retention in advanced cancer patients treated with docetaxel, but not receiving corticosteroid comedication.

RCTn = 24

RCT investigating the pathophysiological mechanism of docetaxel-induced fluid retention in advanced cancer patients. Fluid retention was related to cumulative docetaxel dose, with a two-step process involving interstitial congestion and insufficient lymphatic drainage. Micronized diosmine hesperidine and benzopyrones may help prevent and treat fluid retention.

PubMedRead on PubMed