Research
Resistant Starch
68 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Effects of resistant starch consumption on anthropometric and serum parameters in adults with metabolic syndrome-related risks: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 23 RCTs examining the effects of resistant starch on anthropometric and serum biomarkers in adults with metabolic syndrome-related risks. RS consumption was associated with reductions in hip circumference, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and improvements in superoxide dismutase levels. High heterogeneity was noted in waist circumference, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and TNF-α reductions.
Effects of resistant starch supplementation on renal function and inflammatory markers in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating resistant starch supplementation in patients with chronic kidney disease. RS supplementation significantly reduced indoxyl sulfate and blood urea nitrogen levels, indicating potential benefits for uremic toxin levels and renal function, but showed no significant effect on inflammatory markers.
Meta-analysis reveals gut microbiome and functional pathway alterations in response to resistant starch.
Meta-analysis of 955 samples from 248 individuals across seven studies comparing gut microbiota before and after resistant starch intake. RS intake was associated with lower gut microbial α-diversity and higher abundance of certain microbes, enhancing pathways related to carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. These changes may improve blood glucose levels and insulin resistance, suggesting potential benefits for diabetes and obesity.
Cancer Prevention with Resistant Starch in Lynch Syndrome Patients in the CAPP2-Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial: Planned 10-Year Follow-up.
The CAPP2 trial investigated the long-term effects of resistant starch on cancer incidence in Lynch syndrome patients. Participants were randomized to 30 g resistant starch daily or placebo for up to 4 years, with a follow-up of up to 20 years. Resistant starch showed a protective effect against non-colorectal Lynch syndrome cancers, particularly in the upper GI tract, but no effect on colorectal cancer risk.
The Effects of Resistant Starch on Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 RCTs with 739 participants examining the effects of resistant starch on inflammation and oxidative stress. RS decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels, increased total antioxidant capacity, but had no significant effects on CRP, SOD, and MDA. Subgroup analysis showed CRP reduction in eastern subjects or those with diseases.
Effects of Resistant Starch on Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of resistant starch (RS) on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The analysis included 8 studies with 301 participants and found that RS intake significantly reduced serum indolephenol sulfate, blood phosphorus, IL-6, and uric acid levels in dialysis patients, but had no significant effect on hs-CRP, serum creatinine, BUN, serum paracresol sulfate, and blood lipid.
Effects of resistant starch supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 RCTs with 706 subjects on resistant starch supplementation. RS significantly improved total antioxidant capacity and reduced blood malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein concentrations, particularly in T2DM patients. Mixed effects on inflammation biomarkers were observed.
The effect of acute consumption of resistant starch on appetite in healthy adults; a systematic review and meta-analysis of the controlled clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials assessing the effect of resistant starch (RS) on appetite in healthy adults. The meta-analysis showed a lower appetite in the RS group compared to controls, with significant reductions observed in studies using RS doses of ≥25g and RS2 type.
The effects of resistant starches on inflammatory bowel disease in preclinical and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of resistant starch effects on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in preclinical and clinical settings. Preclinical studies showed significant reduction in bowel mucosal damage, while clinical studies indicated improvements in clinical remission in IBD patients. However, many studies had a high or unclear risk of bias.
Impact of dietary intake of resistant starch on obesity and associated metabolic profiles in human: a systematic review of the literature.
Systematic review of 11 studies on the effects of resistant starch (RS) on obesity and metabolic profiles. RS intake showed no direct effect on body weight and composition, with inconsistent evidence on energy intake and satiety. RS had beneficial effects on blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and gut hormone concentrations.
Effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs examining the effects of resistant starch on glycaemic control. Significant effects were found on fasting plasma glucose and HOMA-insulin resistance, with larger effects at higher dosages and longer intervention periods. Other insulin-related endpoints showed no significant effects.
Effects of the amount and type of carbohydrates used in type 2 diabetes diets in animal models: A systematic review.
Systematic review of 27 studies on the impact of carbohydrate type and amount on blood glucose levels in diabetic animal models. Sucrose-rich diets worsened diabetic conditions, while fiber, particularly resistant starch, improved blood glucose parameters through mechanisms like delayed gastric emptying and improved gut microbiota.
Effects of resistant starch interventions on circulating inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies on resistant starch consumption and its effects on inflammatory biomarkers. Higher consumption of resistant starch significantly reduced interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels, but not C-reactive protein concentration.
Effects of the resistant starch on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of resistant starch supplementation on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, and lipid parameters in overweight or obese adults. The analysis of 13 case-control studies with 428 subjects found that resistant starch reduced fasting insulin and glucose levels, increased insulin sensitivity, and decreased LDL-c concentration and HbA1c levels.
Effect of aspirin or resistant starch on colorectal neoplasia in the Lynch syndrome.
RCT investigating the effects of aspirin and resistant starch on colorectal neoplasia in Lynch syndrome carriers. Over a mean period of 29 months, neither aspirin nor resistant starch showed a significant effect on the incidence of colorectal adenoma or carcinoma.
Resistant starch improves Parkinson's disease symptoms through restructuring of the gut microbiome and modulating inflammation.
RCT investigating the impact of resistant starch supplementation on the gut microbiome and inflammation in 74 Parkinson's disease patients. Resistant starch increased beneficial gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acids, reduced opportunistic pathogens, and improved PD symptoms.
Interindividual variability in gut microbiome mediates the efficacy of resistant starch on MASLD.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial showing resistant starch (RS) has therapeutic effects in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), with efficacy mediated by gut microbiome variability. Multi-omics and fecal microbiota transplantation identified baseline microbiota as a key factor in response, with Prevotella inhibiting RS-degrading bacteria and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum RRP01 improving RS response.
Resistant starch decreases intrahepatic triglycerides in patients with NAFLD via gut microbiome alterations.
A 4-month randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated resistant starch (RS) as a dietary supplement for NAFLD treatment in 196 individuals. The RS group showed a 9.08% reduction in intrahepatic triglyceride content, with gut microbiota changes and reduced serum BCAAs correlating with improved liver health.
Substitution of Refined Conventional Wheat Flour with Wheat High in Resistant Starch Modulates the Intestinal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.
RCT of 80 healthy adults comparing high-amylose wheat (HAW) to low-amylose wheat (LAW) for 4 weeks. HAW increased fecal butyrate excretion and SCFA-producing bacteria, suggesting positive effects on gastrointestinal health.
Effects of Resistant Starch on Symptoms, Fecal Markers, and Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease - The RESISTA-PD Trial.
The RESISTA-PD trial investigated the effects of resistant starch on gut health in Parkinson's disease patients. An 8-week prebiotic intervention with resistant starch increased fecal butyrate concentrations and decreased fecal calprotectin concentrations in PD patients, suggesting improved gut health and reduced inflammation.
Rhamnan sulphate from green algae Monostroma nitidum improves constipation with gut microbiome alteration in double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial administering rhamnan sulphate (RS) to subjects with low defaecation frequencies. RS significantly increased the frequency of dejection without side effects and altered gut microbiome pathways, suggesting a positive effect on constipation.
Effects of resistant starch on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and systemic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of resistant starch on glycemic status, serum lipoproteins, and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. Resistant starch administration resulted in significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HbA1C, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and TNF-alpha levels, indicating beneficial effects on these parameters.
Resistant starch ameliorated insulin resistant in patients of type 2 diabetes with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of resistant starch (RS) supplementation on insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. RS supplementation was found to lower fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR in T2DM patients with obesity, but not in those with simple obesity.
Meta-analysis indicates that resistant starch lowers serum total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol.
Meta-analysis of 14 articles (20 trials) assessing the effects of resistant starch on serum cholesterol levels. The analysis found that resistant starch supplementation lowers total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, especially with longer supplementation durations and higher doses.
Resistant starch reduces large intestinal pH and promotes fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in pigs.
This meta-analysis quantified the effects of resistant starch type 2 (RS2) on intestinal short-chain fatty acids, pH, and key bacterial taxa in pigs. RS2 was found to decrease pH in the large intestine and promote fecal lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, suggesting positive effects on gut health. A dietary RS level of 10% to 15% was necessary to achieve these changes.
Positive effects of resistant starch supplementation on bowel function in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating resistant starch supplementation on bowel function in healthy adults. Findings showed resistant starch significantly increased fecal wet weight and butyrate concentration, and reduced fecal pH, indicating a beneficial effect on large bowel function.
Long-term effect of resistant starch on cancer risk in carriers of hereditary colorectal cancer: an analysis from the CAPP2 randomised controlled trial.
The CAPP2 randomised controlled trial assessed the effect of resistant starch on colorectal cancer incidence in individuals with Lynch syndrome. The study found no significant effect of resistant starch supplementation on cancer development compared to placebo.
A randomized placebo-controlled prevention trial of aspirin and/or resistant starch in young people with familial adenomatous polyposis.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of aspirin and resistant starch (RS) on disease progression in young patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). The study found that neither aspirin nor RS significantly reduced polyp count in the rectum and sigmoid colon. However, there was a trend toward smaller polyp size with aspirin treatment, while RS showed no clinical effect on adenomas.
No Effect of High-Amylose Maize Starch on Pre- or Postexercise Hydration Status, Thermophysiological Strain, or Exhaustive Exercise Performance During Exertional Heat Stress in Endurance Runners.
This RCT investigated the effects of high-amylose maize starch (HAMS) on hydration status, thermophysiological strain, and exercise performance in endurance runners during exertional heat stress. The study found that HAMS did not influence fluid balance, thermophysiological variables, or time-to-exhaustion performance compared to placebo.
Baseline intestinal microbiota composition influences response to a real-world dietary fiber intervention.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial investigating the effects of RS-rich unripe banana flour (UBF) and inulin on gut microbiota and intestinal function in 48 healthy adults. UBF significantly modulated gut microbiota in a composition-dependent manner, particularly in Prevotella-rich microbiota clusters.
Effects of Resistant Starch on Metabolic Markers and Gut Microbiota in Women with Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Pilot Study.
A double-blind, randomized dietary intervention study investigated the impact of high versus low resistant starch consumption on metabolic markers and gut microbiota in 30 women with metabolic syndrome risk factors. The high-resistant starch diet increased body weight, body fat, and triglyceride levels while reducing blood pressure. The study highlights the complex interplay between SCFA-producing gut microbiota and host energy metabolism.
Effects of resistant starch on glycemic response, postprandial lipemia and appetite in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Randomized crossover study with 17 subjects with type 2 diabetes consuming native banana starch, high-amylose maize starch, or digestible maize starch for 4 days. Native banana starch reduced fasting glycemia, glycemia peak, and insulinemic response, while both starches reduced hunger and increased satiety. No changes in postprandial lipemia were observed.
Effects of cooked rice containing high resistant starch on postprandial plasma glucose, insulin, and incretin in patients with type 2 diabetes.
This randomized crossover study compared the effects of OIST rice rich in resistant starch to white rice on postprandial glucose levels in 17 patients with type 2 diabetes. The study found that OIST rice significantly reduced postprandial plasma glucose levels compared to white rice, independent of insulin secretion.
A randomized double-blind cross-over trial to study the effects of resistant starch prebiotic in chronic kidney disease (ReSPECKD).
This randomized double-blind crossover trial investigates the effects of resistant potato starch (RPS) as a prebiotic in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study aims to assess changes in blood uremic toxins as the primary outcome, with secondary outcomes including symptoms, quality of life, and gut microbiome characteristics.
Daily Inclusion of Resistant Starch-Containing Potatoes in a Dietary Guidelines for Americans Dietary Pattern Does Not Adversely Affect Cardiometabolic Risk or Intestinal Permeability in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT with 27 adults with metabolic syndrome comparing a DGA-based diet with potatoes (resistant starch) to a diet with bagels. The potato diet reduced small intestinal permeability and postprandial endotoxemia, with no adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk.
Resistant Starch Type-2 Supplementation Does Not Decrease Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Plasma Level in Hemodialysis Patients.
RCT evaluating the effect of resistant starch supplementation on TMAO plasma levels in hemodialysis patients. Resistant starch supplementation did not reduce TMAO plasma levels or alter choline, betaine, anthropometric, biochemical parameters, or fecal microbiome composition.
Resistant starch wheat increases PYY and decreases GIP but has no effect on self-reported perceptions of satiety.
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effects of resistant starch type 2 (RS2) from wheat on self-reported perceptions of satiety and associated gut hormones in 30 healthy adults. RS2-enriched wheat increased fasting and peak concentrations of peptide YY (PYY) and decreased peak concentration and iAUC of glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), but did not affect self-reported perceptions of hunger or fullness.
Resistant Starch Consumption Effects on Glycemic Control and Glycemic Variability in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Study.
Randomized crossover study in 17 patients with type 2 diabetes assessing the effects of native banana starch and high-amylose maize starch on glycemic control and variability. Resistant starch from these sources did not improve glycemic control or variability compared to digestible maize starch.
Resistant starch supplementation effects on plasma indole 3-acetic acid and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mRNA expression in hemodialysis patients: Randomized, double blind and controlled clinical trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of resistant starch supplementation on plasma indole-3-acetic acid levels and aryl hydrocarbon receptor mRNA expression in 31 hemodialysis patients. The study found no significant changes in these parameters after supplementation, although a positive correlation was observed between baseline IAA levels and AhR expression.
Resistant starch type-2 enriched cookies modulate uremic toxins and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with 26 hemodialysis patients evaluated the effect of resistant starch enriched cookies on inflammation and uremic toxins. The RS group showed increased mRNA Nrf2 expression and reduced indoxyl sulfate plasma levels, suggesting a positive impact on inflammation and gut health.
Resistant starch supplementation attenuates inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a pilot study.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with 16 hemodialysis patients evaluated the effects of resistant starch supplementation on proinflammatory cytokines. RS supplementation reduced specific inflammatory markers, suggesting a beneficial effect on inflammation in CKD patients.
A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of oral resistant starch supplements in the prevention of acute radiation proctitis in patients treated for cervical cancer.
Phase 2 RCT of 104 cervical cancer patients receiving chemo-radiotherapy, comparing 30 gm of resistant starch to digestible starch for preventing acute radiation proctitis. The study found no significant benefit of resistant starch in reducing proctitis severity or incidence compared to the control group.
High-Resistant Starch, Low-Protein Flour Intervention on Patients With Early Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy: A Randomized Trial.
This randomized trial explored the effect of high-resistant starch, low-protein flour on patients with early type 2 diabetic nephropathy. The intervention led to significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, total cholesterol, and triglycerides levels, and improved antioxidative stress markers, but did not change interleukin-6 and TNF-α concentrations.
Effect of 12 wk of resistant starch supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in adults with prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT of 68 overweight adults with prediabetes comparing 45 g/d of resistant starch (RS2) to amylopectin for 12 weeks. RS2 reduced TNF-α concentrations and heart rate but did not significantly improve glycemic control or other cardiovascular risk factors.
Acute Effect of Resistant Starch on Food Intake, Appetite and Satiety in Overweight/Obese Males.
Single-blind randomized crossover study on the effects of resistant starch (RS) on appetite, satiety, and postprandial metabolism in overweight/obese males. RS consumption significantly reduced energy intake at dinner but showed no significant effect over 24 hours or on qualitative feelings of satiety. Significant effects were observed for postprandial glucose levels.
A randomized trial to determine the impact of a digestion resistant starch composition on the gut microbiome in older and mid-age adults.
This randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessed the impact of MSPrebiotic, a resistant starch, on the gut microbiome in older and mid-age adults. The study found that MSPrebiotic consumption increased Bifidobacterium abundance and reduced Proteobacteria dysbiosis in the elderly, along with a significant increase in stool SCFA butyrate levels.
Is there any place for resistant starch, as alimentary prebiotic, for patients with type 2 diabetes?
RCT of 60 women with type 2 diabetes comparing 10 g/d resistant starch (RS2) to placebo for 8 weeks. RS2 decreased HbA1c, TNF-α, and triglycerides, and increased HDL-c significantly compared to placebo, suggesting improvements in glycemic status, inflammatory markers, and lipid profile.
The Therapeutic Potential of Resistant Starch in Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Endotoxemia, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.
RCT of 56 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus comparing 10 g/day resistant starch subtype 2 (RS2) to placebo for 8 weeks. RS2 significantly decreased levels of MDA, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, homeostasis model of insulin resistance, and endotoxin, and increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione peroxidase compared to control.
A novel fiber composite ingredient incorporated into a beverage and bar blunts postprandial serum glucose and insulin responses: a randomized controlled trial.
This randomized controlled trial assessed a novel fiber composite ingredient comprising whole-grain high-amylose maize flour and viscous guar gum on glucose and insulin responses in humans. The study found that the fiber composite blunted postprandial glucose and insulin responses compared to maltodextrin, supporting its use for insulin-mediated glucose control in young healthy adults.
Cell kinetics and gene expression changes in colorectal cancer patients given resistant starch: a randomised controlled trial.
This RCT investigated the effects of resistant starch (RS) supplementation on cell kinetics and gene expression in colorectal cancer patients. RS treatment reduced the proportion of mitotic cells in the colonic crypt and altered the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes, suggesting an antineoplastic action.
Resistant starch supplementation influences blood lipid concentrations and glucose control in overweight subjects.
This study examined the effect of resistant starch supplementation on blood lipid concentrations and glucose control in healthy overweight subjects. Subjects were fed 24 g/d of resistant corn starch or regular corn starch for 21 days. Resistant starch significantly lowered serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and fasting serum glucose concentrations, and increased serum IgG concentrations, without affecting serum insulin or C3 levels.
Metabolic phenotypes and the gut microbiota in response to dietary resistant starch type 2 in normal-weight subjects: a randomized crossover trial.
A randomized crossover trial tested the effects of 40g high amylose resistant starch type 2 (RS2) in 19 normal-weight volunteers. RS intake significantly reduced visceral and subcutaneous fat areas, increased acetate and early-phase insulin, C-peptide, and GLP-1 secretion, and decreased LDL-C and BUN levels. RS also modulated gut microbiota composition.
The In Vivo Net Energy Content of Resistant Starch and Its Effect on Macronutrient Oxidation in Healthy Adults.
This randomized, double-blind cross-over study measured the in vivo net energy content of resistant starch (RS) and its effect on macronutrient oxidation in 18 healthy adults. RS and RSF consumption increased fat oxidation by 32% and decreased carbohydrate oxidation by 18% compared to digestible starch, with improved insulin sensitivity observed after lunch.
Metagenomic Insights into the Degradation of Resistant Starch by Human Gut Microbiota.
This study used a multiomics approach to analyze the degradation of resistant starch (RS2) by human gut microbiota in a crossover intervention with high and low doses. The study found that specific bacterial groups work together to degrade RS2 and produce health-promoting fermentation end products, with individual variability in response.
Effects of whole grain rye, with and without resistant starch type 2 supplementation, on glucose tolerance, gut hormones, inflammation and appetite regulation in an 11-14.5 hour perspective; a randomized controlled study in healthy subjects.
RCT with 21 healthy subjects testing the effects of whole grain rye-based products with and without resistant starch on glucose tolerance, gut hormones, inflammation, and appetite regulation. The combination of whole grain rye flour and rye kernels with resistant starch decreased postprandial glucose and insulin responses and increased gut hormone PYY. Whole grain rye bread improved subjective satiety and decreased hunger.
Resistant starch lowers postprandial glucose and leptin in overweight adults consuming a moderate-to-high-fat diet: a randomized-controlled trial.
RCT of 18 overweight adults consuming muffins with 30g HAM-RS2 or control for 6 weeks. HAM-RS2 improved glucose homeostasis, lowered leptin concentrations, and increased fasting PYY without affecting body composition, suggesting potential benefits for chronic disease prevention.
Effects of total fibre or resistant starch-rich diets within lifestyle intervention in obese prediabetic adults.
RCT involving 47 overweight and obese adults with disordered glucoregulation, comparing the effects of increased fibre intake with two levels of resistant starch (RS) on glycaemic control. The RS group showed a more pronounced decrease in cholesterol levels, while the Fibre group showed significant improvement in glycaemic control.
Resistant starch does not affect zinc homeostasis in rural Malawian children.
This controlled clinical trial tested the effects of high amylose maize resistant starch on zinc homeostasis in 17 stunted Malawian children at risk for zinc deficiency. The study found that resistant starch did not improve zinc homeostasis, as there was no significant change in endogenous fecal zinc or net absorbed zinc after the intervention.
Effects of resistant starch on behaviour, satiety-related hormones and metabolites in growing pigs.
The study investigated the effects of resistant starch (RS) on behavior, satiety-related hormones, and metabolites in growing pigs. RS-fed pigs showed less feeder-directed and drinking behaviors, higher postprandial SCFA levels, and lower glucose and insulin responses compared to pigs fed pregelatinized starch. Despite lower metabolizable energy intake, RS seemed to prolong satiety.
The metabolic effect of resistant starch and yoghurt on the renal and faecal nitrogen and ammonia excretion in humans as measured by lactose-[(15)N2]ureide.
RCT evaluating the effect of resistant starch and Lactobacillus acidophilus yoghurt supplementation on urinary and faecal nitrogen and ammonia excretion in 19 healthy adults. The pre- and probiotic mixture significantly lowered colonic generation and renal excretion of toxic ammonia, shifting ammonia excretion from urinary to faecal.
Resistant starch and pullulan reduce postprandial glucose, insulin, and GLP-1, but have no effect on satiety in healthy humans.
RCT with 20 fasted subjects comparing low-fiber control breakfast to breakfasts containing 25 g of fiber from soluble corn fiber, resistant starch, or their combination with pullulan. RS+P significantly reduced glucose, insulin, and GLP-1, but had no effect on satiety or energy intake.
Insulin-sensitizing effects of dietary resistant starch and effects on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue metabolism.
RCT of 10 healthy subjects comparing 4-week supplementation of 30g resistant starch per day to placebo. Resistant starch improved insulin sensitivity and increased forearm muscle glucose clearance, while reducing NEFA and glycerol release from adipose tissue.
Effects of resistant starch on the colon in healthy volunteers: possible implications for cancer prevention.
RCT with 12 healthy volunteers comparing a high-RS diet to a low-RS diet over two 4-week periods. The high-RS diet increased fecal wet and dry weight, decreased bacterial beta-glucosidase activity, and lowered fecal concentrations of total and secondary bile acids and neutral sterols, suggesting potential implications for cancer prevention.
Resistant starch lowers fecal concentrations of ammonia and phenols in humans.
Randomized crossover study with 11 subjects comparing high-RS and low-RS diets for 3 weeks. High-RS diet increased fecal nitrogen excretion and decreased fecal concentrations of ammonia and phenols, suggesting RS attenuates harmful byproducts of protein fermentation in the colon.
Ileal recovery of starch from whole diets containing resistant starch measured in vitro and fermentation of ileal effluent.
Study with six subjects with ileostomies consuming diets with varying amounts of resistant starch (RS). Ileal excretion of starch was consistent with dietary RS measured in vitro. In vitro fermentation of ileal effluent from RS-supplemented diets produced more short-chain fatty acids and a higher proportion of butyrate, indicating RS influences the colonic environment.
Effect of resistant starch on breath-hydrogen and methane excretion in healthy volunteers.
RCT with 19 healthy volunteers using a crossover design to study the effects of resistant starch supplementation on breath-hydrogen and methane excretion. Resistant starch increased 24-hour integrated excretion of breath hydrogen and methane, indicating increased colonic fermentation.
Acute stressor alters inter-species microbial competition for resistant starch-supplemented medium.
The study used fermentation to examine how an acute stressor, such as a sudden change in diet, affects inter-bacterial species competition for resistant starch-supplemented medium. Fecal samples from 10 individuals consuming either a habitual diet or U.S. military rations for 21 days were used. Growth in response to resistant starch was attenuated following ration consumption, while growth of certain bacteria was enhanced.
Ingestion of resistant starch by mice markedly increases microbiome‐derived metabolites
Animal study with male C57BL/6 mice fed either native starch or resistant starch for 18 weeks. Resistant starch significantly altered the gut microbiome and increased microbiome-derived metabolites, including a 22-fold increase in indole-3-propionate, which correlated with specific gut microbiota.