Research
Red Clover (Trifolium pratense)
44 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Impacts of red clover and sainfoin silages on the performance, nutrient utilization and milk fatty acids profile of ruminants: A meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 37 in vivo studies on the effects of red clover silage (RCS) and sainfoin silages (SS) on ruminants. RCS increased nitrogen intake and altered milk fatty acid profile, while a combination of RCS and SS improved milk fatty acids and average daily gain in small ruminants.
Pharmacological and therapeutic properties of the Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.): an overview of the new finding.
Systematic review of 80 articles on red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) showing its antioxidant, anti-cancer, cardiovascular, and menopausal symptom benefits. It also regulates blood glucose and lipid markers, with effects on various tissues including endometrium, breast, skin, and reproductive system.
Evaluation of Clinical Meaningfulness of Red Clover (L.) Extract to Relieve Hot Flushes and Menopausal Symptoms in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating red clover isoflavones for relieving hot flushes and menopausal symptoms in peri- and post-menopausal women. The analysis of eight trials showed a statistically significant reduction in daily hot flushes with red clover compared to placebo.
Effects of red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on the lipid profile of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women-A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies with 910 peri- and postmenopausal women assessing the effects of red clover extract on lipid profiles. The extract reduced total cholesterol levels, but changes in HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides were not significant. Significant heterogeneity was noted across studies.
Effects of red clover on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women's blood lipid profile: A meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 12 RCTs involving 1284 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women receiving red clover isoflavones for 4 weeks to 18 months. Results showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, along with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, indicating a beneficial effect on lipid profile.
Isoflavones obtained from red clover improve both dyslipidemia and menopausal symptoms in menopausal women: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of red clover isoflavones on menopausal symptoms and lipid profile in postmenopausal women with dyslipidemia. The red clover group showed significant improvements in Menopause Rating Scale scores and lipid profiles over 3 and 6 months compared to placebo.
Effects of a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense (Promensil) at a dosage of 80mg in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using a standardised extract of Trifolium pratense isoflavones (Promensil) at 80mg/day for treating menopausal hot flushes. The meta-analysis found a statistically and clinically significant reduction in hot flush frequency compared to placebo, with the preparation being safe over a short-term duration of 3 months.
Red clover for treatment of hot flashes and menopausal symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating red clover's efficacy in relieving hot flashes and menopausal symptoms in peri/postmenopausal women. Red clover may decrease hot flash frequency and improve symptoms of vaginal atrophy, though its effects on psychological status, sexual problems, and sleeping disorders are less pronounced.
Red clover extract for alleviating hot flushes in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of red clover for alleviating menopausal hot flushes. Red clover was effective in reducing hot flushes over 3-4 months compared to placebo, but the effect did not persist at 12 months.
Efficacy of isoflavones in relieving vasomotor menopausal symptoms - A systematic review.
Systematic review assessing the efficacy of isoflavone supplements in reducing vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. The review included 23 trials, with 17 on soy isoflavones and 6 on red clover isoflavones. Soy isoflavone studies showed heterogeneous results and quality deficiencies, providing only some indication of benefit on hot flush frequency or severity.
Red clover isoflavones are safe and well tolerated in women with a family history of breast cancer.
RCT of 401 healthy women with a family history of breast cancer assessing the safety and tolerability of 40 mg red clover isoflavone supplement over three years. No significant differences in breast density, endometrial thickness, serum cholesterol, follicle stimulating hormone levels, and bone mineral density were found between the supplement and placebo groups. Some significant differences in bone marker levels were observed in postmenopausal women. The supplement was well tolerated with a similar adverse event profile to placebo.
Trifolium pratense isoflavones in the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of supplements containing Trifolium pratense (red clover) isoflavones for reducing hot flush frequency in menopausal women. The meta-analysis indicates a marginally significant reduction in hot flush frequency in the active treatment group compared to placebo.
Red-clover-derived isoflavones and mammographic breast density: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial [ISRCTN42940165].
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial studied the effects of a red clover-derived isoflavone supplement on mammographic breast density and other health markers in 205 women over 12 months. The supplement did not significantly affect breast density, oestradiol, gonadotrophins, lymphocyte tyrosine kinase activity, or menopausal symptoms compared to placebo.
Modest protective effects of isoflavones from a red clover-derived dietary supplement on cardiovascular disease risk factors in perimenopausal women, and evidence of an interaction with ApoE genotype in 49-65 year-old women.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied the effects of 43.5 mg red clover-derived isoflavones per day on cardiovascular risk factors in 205 women aged 49-65 years. While no significant differences were found in most cardiovascular markers, interactions with menopausal status and apoE genotype showed significant changes in triglycerides, PAI-1, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol among specific subgroups.
Use of Fermented Red Clover Isoflavones in the Treatment of Overactive Bladder in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of fermented red clover isoflavones on overactive bladder symptoms in postmenopausal women. The study found that intake of isoflavones did not significantly relieve OAB symptoms, although there was a significant reduction in the bother of urinary urgency.
Effects of isoflavone-rich red clover extract on blood glucose level: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT with 36 participants examining the effects of red clover extract on blood glucose levels. The study found that fasting insulin levels were significantly lower in the red clover group, and hemoglobin A1c was significantly reduced in participants ≤50 years old, suggesting potential benefits for blood glucose control.
Combined bioavailable isoflavones and probiotics improve bone status and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a randomized controlled trial.
This 12-month double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT studied the effects of red clover extract (RCE) rich in isoflavone aglycones and probiotics on bone health in 78 postmenopausal osteopenic women. RCE significantly attenuated bone mineral density loss and improved estrogen metabolism compared to placebo, with no adverse events reported.
Combined Red Clover isoflavones and probiotics potently reduce menopausal vasomotor symptoms.
RCT of 62 peri-menopausal women comparing bioavailable Red Clover isoflavone extract with probiotics to placebo for 12 weeks. The treatment significantly reduced hot flush frequency and intensity compared to placebo, suggesting effectiveness in alleviating menopausal vasomotor symptoms.
Effectiveness of red clover in alleviating menopausal symptoms: a 12-week randomized, controlled trial.
This randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of red clover on menopausal symptoms in 72 postmenopausal women. The intervention group received 40 mg of dried red clover leaves daily for 12 weeks, resulting in a significant reduction in menopausal symptoms compared to placebo.
Red clover isoflavones enriched with formononetin lower serum LDL cholesterol-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial studied the effects of 50 mg Rimostil, an isoflavone from red clover, on bone mineral density and serum LDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women over 2 years. While there was no effect on bone density, the Rimostil-treated group showed a significant 12% reduction in serum LDL cholesterol compared to the control group.
Nonhormonal management of postmenopausal women: effects of a red clover based isoflavones supplementation on climacteric syndrome and cardiovascular risk serum profile.
Prospective randomized study of 150 postmenopausal women evaluating red clover based isoflavones supplementation for climacteric syndrome and cardiovascular risk serum profile. The treatment significantly reduced hot flushes and improved Kupperman Index, with no significant changes in lipid and coagulation profiles.
The effect of red clover isoflavone supplementation over vasomotor and menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women.
RCT of 109 postmenopausal women evaluating the effect of 80 mg red clover isoflavones on vasomotor and menopausal symptoms. Red clover significantly reduced daily hot flush/night sweat frequency and overall menopausal symptom intensity compared to placebo.
Effects of Trifolium pratense on the climacteric and sexual symptoms in postmenopause women.
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effects of 40 mg Trifolium pratense on climacteric symptoms and sexual satisfaction in postmenopausal women. No significant improvement in menopausal symptoms or sexual satisfaction was observed after 12 months of treatment.
Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts.
RCT of 109 postmenopausal women evaluating the effect of red clover isoflavones (MF11RCE) on anxiety and depressive symptoms. The study found significant reductions in anxiety and depression scores after treatment with MF11RCE compared to placebo.
Effects of botanicals and combined hormone therapy on cognition in postmenopausal women.
Phase II RCT comparing red clover, black cohosh, and hormone therapy on cognitive function in 66 postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. Neither botanical treatment affected cognitive measures, while hormone therapy worsened some aspects of verbal memory.
Effect of Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavones on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index.
RCT of 60 postmenopausal women with increased BMI, comparing 80 mg red clover isoflavones to placebo over two 90-day periods. Trifolium pratense isoflavone supplementation significantly decreased total cholesterol, LDL-C, and LpA levels in women with increased BMI.
Effects of a red clover extract (MF11RCE) on endometrium and sex hormones in postmenopausal women.
RCT of 109 postmenopausal women evaluating the effects of red clover extract (MF11RCE) on sex hormones and endometrium. Supplementation increased plasma testosterone levels and decreased endometrial thickness, with no change in estradiol levels.
Red clover extract (MF11RCE) supplementation and postmenopausal vaginal and sexual health.
The study investigates the effects of red clover extract (MF11RCE) supplementation on postmenopausal vaginal and sexual health.
The effect of red clover isoflavones on menopausal symptoms, lipids and vaginal cytology in menopausal women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
RCT of 60 postmenopausal women evaluating red clover isoflavone supplementation (80 mg/day) versus placebo for 90 days. Red clover isoflavones significantly decreased menopausal symptoms, improved vaginal cytology, and reduced triglyceride levels compared to placebo.
A biochanin-enriched isoflavone from red clover lowers LDL cholesterol in men.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial compared the effects of biochanin and formononetin, two isoflavones from red clover, on LDL cholesterol in 46 men and 34 women. Biochanin significantly lowered LDL cholesterol in men by 9.5% compared to placebo, while no significant effects were observed in women or with formononetin.
The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on the lipoprotein profiles of post menopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolaemia.
RCT of dietary isoflavone supplementation from red clover in 66 postmenopausal women with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. The study found no significant changes in plasma cholesterol, LDL, HDL, or triglyceride levels, though weak correlations were observed between urinary isoflavone excretion and plasma triglycerides.
A new strategy to modulate alopecia using a combination of two specific and unique ingredients.
RCT of a topical combination of Trifolium pratense flower extract and a biomimetic peptide for hair loss prevention in 30 volunteers. The treatment increased anagen hair by 13%, decreased telogen hair density by 29%, and improved the anagen/telogen ratio by 46% over baseline. Mechanisms include inhibition of 5-α-reductase, reduction of inflammation, and stimulation of ECM protein synthesis.
Effect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women.
RCT comparing the effects of transdermal oestrogen and oral phytoestrogen (red clover) on insulin sensitivity and SHBG levels in 43 healthy postmenopausal women. Red clover based phytoestrogen therapy was associated with a decrease in insulin sensitivity and no change in SHBG levels, unlike transdermal oestrogen which increased SHBG levels.
Influence of red clover-derived isoflavones on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women.
RCT of 40 healthy postmenopausal women comparing red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation to no supplementation over 12 months. The isoflavone group showed significant decreases in total serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones and serum homocysteine in premenopausal women: a pilot study.
Double-blind, randomized, parallel study of 23 premenopausal women consuming either placebo or purified red clover isoflavone tablets for four menstrual cycles. The study found no significant changes in serum folate and homocysteine concentrations between groups.
The effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on cognitive function in postmenopausal women.
RCT of 30 postmenopausal women examining the effects of red clover isoflavone supplementation on cognitive function. Isoflavone supplementation showed an apparent improvement in visual-spatial intelligence but no improvement in verbal memory and a deterioration in digit recall compared to placebo. Findings were not statistically significant after corrections for multiple comparisons.
Effect of red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation on insulin-like growth factor, lipid and antioxidant status in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study.
A randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study assessed the effect of 1-month supplementation with 86 mg/day red clover-derived isoflavones on IGF status in 16 premenopausal and 7 postmenopausal women. Isoflavones increased HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women but had no significant effect on IGF status or antioxidant status.
Effects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal women.
Double-blind, randomized, parallel study of 25 healthy premenopausal women examining the effects of purified isoflavones from red clover on plasma lipoproteins and insulin resistance. The study found no significant effects on cholesterol homeostasis or insulin resistance.
Effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function in postmenopausal type 2 diabetes.
A randomized double-blind crossover trial with 16 postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women studied the effects of dietary supplementation with isoflavones from red clover on ambulatory blood pressure and endothelial function. Isoflavone therapy significantly lowered mean daytime systolic and diastolic blood pressures and improved basal endothelial function compared to placebo.
Isoflavones from red clover (Promensil) significantly reduce menopausal hot flush symptoms compared with placebo.
RCT investigating the effectiveness of red clover isoflavone supplement (Promensil) versus placebo on hot flush frequency in postmenopausal women. The isoflavones group showed a significant 44% reduction in hot flushes compared to placebo.
The effect of isoflavones extracted from red clover (Rimostil) on lipid and bone metabolism.
RCT of 46 postmenopausal women evaluating the effects of red clover isoflavones on lipid and bone metabolism. Significant increases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and bone mineral density, and a decrease in apolipoprotein B were observed after 6 months of treatment.
A double-blind randomized study on the effects of red clover isoflavones on the endometrium.
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of red clover-derived isoflavone extract on the Ki-67 proliferative marker in endometrial biopsies of perimenopausal women. The study found no change in the Ki-67 proliferation index, fasting lipids, bone markers, or uterine Doppler resistance after treatment with red clover isoflavones.
Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women.
RCT in 17 menopausal women testing the effect of red clover isoflavones on arterial compliance and plasma lipids. Arterial compliance improved significantly with 40 mg and 80 mg doses of isoflavones, but plasma lipids were not significantly affected. The study suggests a potential therapeutic approach for cardiovascular function improvement post-menopause.
Eggshell Quality, Eggshell Structure and Small Intestinal Histology in Laying Hens Fed Dietary Pantoea-6® and Plant Extracts
The study investigated the effects of dietary Pantoea-6® and plant extracts (red clover and garlic) on eggshell quality, structure, and intestinal histology in laying hens. While no significant differences were found in laying performance and egg quality, the Pantoea-6® group showed higher shell weight and greater eggshell thickness. Both Pantoea-6® and plant extracts groups had higher cell area values in the duodenum and jejunum compared to the control.