Research
PQQ (Pyrroloquinoline Quinone)
33 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt improves brain function in both younger and older adults.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigating the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ) on cognitive function in adults aged 20-65 years. PQQ (20 mg per day) improved composite memory and verbal memory after 12 weeks, with younger adults showing improvements in cognitive flexibility, processing speed, and execution speed after 8 weeks.
Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study.
RCT of 64 healthy Japanese adults aged 40-80 evaluating the effects of PQQ disodium salt supplementation on cognitive function over 12 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in cognitive performance measures such as memory, attention, and cognitive flexibility in the PQQ group compared to placebo. No adverse events were reported.
Effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium on growth performance, carcass yield and antioxidant status of broiler chicks.
RCT evaluating the effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium (PQQ.Na2) on growth performance, carcass yield, and antioxidant status in 784 broiler chicks. Chicks fed 0.2 mg PQQ.Na2/kg diet showed improved growth performance, enhanced feed efficiency, increased carcass yield, and improved antioxidant status compared to controls.
The impact of six-week dihydrogen-pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT assessing the impact of dihydrogen-PQQ supplementation on mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in 34 elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment. The study found significant elevation in serum BDNF levels, improved ADAS-Cog scores in the orientation domain, and increased cerebral oxygenation saturation and brain N-acetyl aspartate levels in the treatment group.
The TonB dependent uptake of pyrroloquinoline-quinone (PQQ) and secretion of gluconate by Escherichia coli K-12
The study investigates the role of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in Escherichia coli K-12, particularly its uptake through the TonB-ExbBD dependent transporter PqqU and its role as a redox cofactor for glucose dehydrogenase Gcd. PQQ is required for the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone, and its uptake allows E. coli to activate Gcd even at low concentrations. The study also notes PQQ's role in protecting cells from phage by competing for receptor proteins.
Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Supplementation on Aerobic Exercise Performance and Indices of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Untrained Men.
RCT examining the effects of 20mg/day PQQ supplementation on aerobic exercise performance and mitochondrial biogenesis in 23 untrained men over six weeks. No significant differences in aerobic performance were observed between groups, but the PQQ group showed increased PGC-1α protein levels, indicating enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis.
Effect of the Antioxidant Supplement Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt (BioPQQ™) on Cognitive Functions.
RCT with 41 elderly healthy subjects examining the effect of 20 mg/day BioPQQ on cognitive functions over 12 weeks. The PQQ group showed improved Stroop interference ratios and increased scores in visual-spatial cognitive function tests, particularly in subjects with lower initial scores. No adverse events were reported, and increased cerebral blood flow was suggested by preliminary NIRS experiments.
Effects of Antioxidant Supplements (BioPQQ™) on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Metabolism in the Prefrontal Cortex.
RCT of 20 healthy subjects aged 50-70 administered BioPQQ (20 mg) or placebo daily for 12 weeks. PQQ increased hemoglobin concentrations and total hemoglobin in the right prefrontal cortex, suggesting enhanced cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism, which may improve cognitive function.
Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt Intake on the Serum Cholesterol Levels of Healthy Japanese Adults.
RCT examining the effects of PQQ disodium salt on serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in 29 healthy Japanese adults over 12 weeks. The study found a marginally significant decrease in LDL cholesterol levels in the PQQ group, particularly in those with high baseline LDL cholesterol.
Novel GC MS/MS method for bioanalysis of pyrroloquinoline quinone, a potential cognitive enhancer in mice brains.
The study developed a novel GC-MS/MS method for bioanalysis of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in mice brains to investigate its blood-brain barrier permeability and pharmacokinetics. PQQ was detected in brains of mice, suggesting its potential as a cognitive enhancer and its involvement in active transport across the BBB.
Novel Insights into the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ); In Vitro, In Silico, and Shotgun Proteomic Studies
The study explores the antimicrobial activity of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) against 29 pathogenic microbes, including fungi and bacteria. PQQ showed potent antifungal and antibacterial properties, particularly against certain strains, and demonstrated biofilm inhibition. Structural damage and disrupted cell metabolism were observed in bacterial cells treated with PQQ, supported by proteomic analysis and molecular modeling.
Oral pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) during pregnancy increases cardiomyocyte endowment in spontaneous IUGR guinea pigs
The study investigated the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) supplementation during pregnancy on cardiomyocyte development in guinea pigs with spontaneous intrauterine growth restriction (spIUGR). PQQ increased cardiomyocyte number and reduced apoptosis and collagen deposition in spIUGR fetal hearts, suggesting a positive impact on heart health.
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Improves Long-term Survival of Fat Grafts by Alleviating Oxidative Stress and Promoting Angiogenesis During the Early Phase After Transplantation.
The study investigated the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on fat graft survival in nude mice. PQQ improved long-term volume retention, quality, and viability of adipose tissue by reducing oxidative stress, promoting angiogenesis, and alleviating apoptosis. The most effective concentration was 100 μM.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) protects mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells under premature senescence
In vitro study investigating the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on H2O2-induced premature senescence in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. PQQ pretreatment restored mitochondrial respiratory capacity, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein expression, suggesting a protective effect on mitochondrial function.
PQQ Dietary Supplementation Prevents Alkylating Agent-Induced Ovarian Dysfunction in Mice
The study investigated the protective role of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) dietary supplementation against alkylating agent-induced ovarian dysfunction in mice. PQQ treatment increased ovarian weight and size, normalized estrous cycle periods, prevented follicle loss, and improved pregnancy rates and litter sizes. The protective effects were attributed to promoting cell proliferation, inhibiting cell apoptosis and senescence, and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
Cellular Uptake of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone in Its Intact and Derivatized Forms from the Cell Culture Medium of 3T3-L1.
The study used LC-MS/MS to evaluate the uptake of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and its derivatives into mouse 3T3-L1 cells. Most PQQ was taken up in its unchanged form, while some reacted with amino acids and was taken up as derivatives, suggesting potential physiological effects.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) improves pulmonary hypertension by regulating mitochondrial and metabolic functions.
The study investigates the effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on pulmonary hypertension (PH) using human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and Sprague Dawley rats. PQQ treatment attenuated cellular proliferation, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics, reduced insulin resistance, and prevented cardiac fibrosis and inflammation in MCT-treated rats, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for PH.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone modulates YAP-related anti-ferroptotic activity to protect against myocardial hypertrophy
The study investigates the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on myocardial hypertrophy using a transverse aortic constriction model in mice and an in vitro model with neonatal murine cardiomyocytes. PQQ treatment significantly suppressed myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, inhibited ferroptotic cell death, and modulated YAP-related anti-ferroptotic activity.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) protects mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells under premature senescence
In vitro study investigating the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on H2O2-induced premature senescence in HEI-OC1 auditory cells. PQQ pretreatment restored mitochondrial respiratory capacity, promoted mitochondrial fusion, and increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein expression, suggesting a protective effect on mitochondrial function.
Understanding the Inhibitory and Antioxidant Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) on Copper(II)-Induced α-Synuclein-119 Aggregation.
The study investigates the antioxidant effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on copper(II)-induced α-synuclein-119 aggregation, relevant to Parkinson's disease. PQQ effectively prevented ROS formation and fibrillation of α-syn-119 in SH-SY5Y human differentiated neuronal cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for PD.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone ameliorates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting the pyroptosis pathway in C57BL/6 mice and human kidney 2 cells.
The study investigates the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy using C57BL/6 mice and human kidney 2 cells. PQQ treatment was found to reverse renal fibrosis and injury markers in diabetic mice and reduce oxidative stress and pyroptosis pathway activation in HK-2 cells under high glucose conditions.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alleviated sepsis-induced acute liver injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by downregulating CUL3 expression
The study investigates the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on sepsis-induced acute liver injury in rats. PQQ treatment alleviated liver injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in sepsis models by downregulating CUL3 expression.
Anchoring PQQ-Glucose Dehydrogenase with Electropolymerized Azines for the Most Efficient Bioelectrocatalysis.
The study investigates the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) immobilized over electropolymerized methylene green (MG). The catalytic current is significantly increased, indicating potential for biosensing applications, including glucose detection in human sweat.
Adverse effect of superoxide-induced mitochondrial damage in granulosa cells on follicular development in mouse ovaries.
The study investigated the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on ROS-induced mitochondrial damage in FSH-stimulated granulosa cells during follicular development in mice. PQQ treatment reduced oxidative stress, improved mitochondrial function, and increased the number of ovulated oocytes and offspring per delivery.
Coaxial nanofibers outperform uniaxial nanofibers for the loading and release of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) for biomedical applications
The study investigates the loading and release of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) using coaxial and uniaxial nanofibers. Coaxial nanofibers demonstrated superior sustained release and reduced initial burst of PQQ compared to uniaxial nanofibers, enhancing cell viability and proliferation.
Effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone and imidazole pyrroloquinoline on biological activities and neural functions.
Comparative study of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and imidazole pyrroloquinoline (IPQ) on neuroprotective, growth-promoting, antioxidative, and mitochondriogenesis effects using human neuroblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. PQQ and IPQ improve memory learning ability in aged mice and brain function in humans.
Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ): Its impact on human health and potential benefits
Narrative review discussing the potential health benefits of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ), including its antioxidant properties, impact on mitochondrial function, and potential therapeutic roles in cognitive health, cardiovascular health, and metabolic disorders. PQQ is considered a safe nutritional supplement with no reported toxicity.
Modulating NMDA receptors to treat MK-801-induced schizophrenic cognition deficit: effects of clozapine combining with PQQ treatment and possible mechanisms of action
Animal study investigating the effects of PQQ combined with clozapine on NMDA receptor function and cognitive ability in schizophrenia. The combination therapy improved MK801-induced schizophrenia behaviors, including stereotyped behavior, locomotor hyperactivity, and cognitive impairment, by modulating NMDA receptors and related signaling pathways.
PQQ ameliorates skeletal muscle atrophy, mitophagy and fiber type transition induced by denervation via inhibition of the inflammatory signaling pathways.
The study investigated the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on skeletal muscle atrophy in mice after denervation. PQQ significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines and attenuated signaling pathways associated with muscle atrophy, mitophagy, and muscle fiber type transition.
Identification of lactate dehydrogenase as a mammalian pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-binding protein
The study identifies lactate dehydrogenase as a mammalian pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-binding protein. PQQ modulates LDH activity, inhibiting lactate formation and enhancing pyruvate conversion, which may enhance energy production via mitochondrial TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) alters indicators of inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism in human subjects.
Crossover study with 10 subjects examining the effects of dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on inflammation and mitochondrial-related metabolism. PQQ supplementation resulted in changes in antioxidant potential and significant decreases in plasma C-reactive protein, IL-6, and urinary metabolites, indicating enhanced mitochondrial functions.
Mini-review:Functions and Action Mechanisms of PQQ in Osteoporosis and Neuro Injury.
This mini-review discusses the functions and action mechanisms of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) in osteoporosis and neuro injury. It covers the derivatives, distribution, and in vitro models related to PQQ, highlighting its role as an antioxidant and redox modulator.
Aspects of the release of superoxide by leukocytes, and a means by which this is switched off.
The paper investigates the role of methoxatin (PQQ) in the production of superoxide by leukocytes. It suggests that PQQ might be involved in O2- production, as inhibitors of O2- production were shown to sequester PQQ in leukocytes. The study also identifies a factor released by old macrophages that can block O2- release in stimulated neutrophils or macrophages.