Research

Phosphatidylcholine

21 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

3
Meta-analyses
1
Systematic reviews
14
RCTs
3
Other studies
Meta-analyses (14%)
Systematic reviews (5%)
RCTs (67%)
Observational (5%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2025·Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease·Arveen Shokravi, Yuchen Luo, Simon W Rabkin

Unraveling the choline pathway in heart failure risk and outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 267,569Heart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between circulating levels of choline and its metabolites with heart failure (HF) development and adverse clinical outcomes. Elevated choline and phosphatidylcholine were associated with increased HF incidence, while elevated betaine levels were linked to adverse outcomes in established HF. The study explores potential mechanisms linking choline metabolism to HF.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·Axel Dignass, Wolfgang Stremmel, Marek Horyński, et al

Modified-Release Phosphatidylcholine (LT-02) for Ulcerative Colitis: Two Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials.

RCTn = 466Gut Health -

Two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluated the efficacy of LT-02, a modified-release phosphatidylcholine formulation, for induction and maintenance of remission in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. The induction trial was terminated early for futility, showing no significant difference in deep remission rates. The maintenance trial also showed no significant difference in remission rates. LT-02 was safe and well-tolerated.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·MMW Fortschritte der Medizin·Wolfgang Stremmel, Hüseyin Vural, Osman Evliyaoglu, et al

[Efficacy of enteric lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis].

Meta-analysisn = 160Gut Health

Meta-analysis of three clinical studies with 160 patients with ulcerative colitis. Enteric lecithin enriched with phosphatidylcholine significantly improved remission rates, clinical and endoscopic outcomes, histology, and quality of life compared to placebo. The side effect profile was similar to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland)·Wolfgang Stremmel, Hüseyin Vural, Osman Evliyaoglu, et al

Delayed-Release Phosphatidylcholine Is Effective for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: A Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 160Gut Health

Meta-analysis of 3 RCTs with 160 patients showing that 30% phosphatidylcholine-containing lecithin in delayed intestinal release formulation improves remission rates, clinical and endoscopic outcomes, histologic activity, and quality of life in ulcerative colitis patients. The adverse event profile was similar to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2017·Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology·Damianos G Kokkinidis, Eftychia E Bosdelekidou, Sotiria Maria Iliopoulou, et al

Emerging treatments for ulcerative colitis: a systematic review.

Systematic reviewn = 11,524

Systematic review evaluating novel pharmacological agents for ulcerative colitis treatment. Phosphatidylcholine led to an improved clinical activity index, while other drugs like vedolizumab, golimumab, and tofacitinib showed efficacy in induction and maintenance therapy.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Biomeditsinskaia khimiia·V V Kukharchuk, E A Ponomarenko, A V Lisitsa, et al

Vitaphospholip® (water-soluble phosphatidylcholine) in the treatment of combined hyperlipidemia: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 100Heart Health

RCT evaluating Vitaphospholip®, a water-soluble phosphatidylcholine, in 100 patients with combined hyperlipidemia. The treatment significantly reduced non-HDL-C, triglycerides, and atherogenic lipoprotein levels compared to placebo, with no serious adverse events.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2010·The American journal of gastroenterology·Byron Cryer, Deepak L Bhatt, Frank L Lanza, et al

Low-dose aspirin-induced ulceration is attenuated by aspirin-phosphatidylcholine: a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 204Gut Health

RCT comparing upper GI damage in 204 healthy subjects aged 50-74 years treated with low-dose aspirin versus aspirin-phosphatidylcholine complex (PL2200) for 7 days. PL2200 significantly reduced the incidence of gastroduodenal ulcers and erosions compared to aspirin alone.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·Lipids in health and disease·Soyogu Yamashita, Naoki Kawada, Wei Wang, et al

Effects of egg yolk choline intake on cognitive functions and plasma choline levels in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-group study.

RCTn = 41Brain Health Mental Clarity

A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 41 middle-aged and elderly Japanese adults examined the effects of 300 mg/day egg yolk choline on cognitive function. The choline group showed improved verbal memory but lower processing speed and physical quality of life scores compared to placebo. Plasma choline levels were higher in the choline group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·The American journal of clinical nutrition·Carol L Cheatham, Barbara Davis Goldman, Leslie M Fischer, et al

Phosphatidylcholine supplementation in pregnant women consuming moderate-choline diets does not enhance infant cognitive function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 140Brain Health -

RCT of 140 pregnant women receiving 750 mg phosphatidylcholine or placebo from 18 weeks gestation through 90 days postpartum. No significant differences were found in infants' global development, language development, short-term visuospatial memory, or long-term episodic memory.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·Free radical biology & medicine·Carmela Loguercio, Pietro Andreone, Ciprian Brisc, et al

Silybin combined with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 138

Multicenter, phase III, double-blind RCT assessing Realsil (silybin phytosome complex with phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E) in 138 patients with NAFLD. RA group showed significant improvements in liver enzyme plasma levels, insulin resistance, and liver histology compared to placebo. No serious adverse events were recorded.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2008·Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·F L Lanza, U K Marathi, B S Anand, et al

Clinical trial: comparison of ibuprofen-phosphatidylcholine and ibuprofen on the gastrointestinal safety and analgesic efficacy in osteoarthritic patients.

RCTn = 125Gut Health

A randomized, double-blind trial of 125 osteoarthritic patients compared the GI safety and therapeutic efficacy of ibuprofen-phosphatidylcholine (PC) versus ibuprofen. Ibuprofen-PC showed a trend for improved GI safety, with a statistically significant advantage in patients over 55 years old, while maintaining similar bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2007·Annals of internal medicine·Wolfgang Stremmel, Robert Ehehalt, Frank Autschbach, et al

Phosphatidylcholine for steroid-refractory chronic ulcerative colitis: a randomized trial.

RCTn = 60Gut Health

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of phosphatidylcholine in 60 patients with chronic steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Phosphatidylcholine reduced corticosteroid dependence more than placebo, with 80% of recipients discontinuing steroid therapy without disease exacerbation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2005·Gut·W Stremmel, U Merle, A Zahn, et al

Retarded release phosphatidylcholine benefits patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis.

RCTn = 60Inflammation Gut Health

A phase IIA, double blind, randomised, placebo controlled study in 60 patients with chronic active ulcerative colitis tested retarded release phosphatidylcholine. The phosphatidylcholine group showed significant improvements in clinical activity index, endoscopic activity index, histology scores, and quality of life compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·Translational Andrology and Urology·F. Sicchieri, Aline Bomfim Silva, V. P. Santana, et al

Phosphatidylcholine and L-acetyl-carnitine-based freezing medium can replace egg yolk and preserves human sperm function

Studyn = 121Sexual Health

The study compared the efficacy of a synthetic cryoprotectant supplemented with L-α-phosphatidylcholine and L-acetyl-carnitine (ANTIOX-PC) to the standard egg-based TEST-yolk buffer (TYB) in preserving sperm motility and chromatin quality in cryopreserved semen samples. ANTIOX-PC medium retained higher non-progressive motility and lower percentage of immotile sperm, resulting in a greater total motile sperm count compared to TYB medium.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2020·Schizophrenia bulletin·S. Hunter, M. Hoffman, Lizbeth McCarthy, et al

Black American Maternal Prenatal Choline, Offspring Gestational Age at Birth, and Developmental Predisposition to Mental Illness.

Observationaln = 183Brain Health Mental Clarity Womens Health

The study assessed prenatal choline levels in Black American women and its effects on offspring's gestational age and developmental outcomes. Lower maternal choline was linked to lower gestational age and decreased infant attention. A clinical trial showed phosphatidylcholine supplementation improved gestational age and reduced behavioral issues in offspring.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2010·Journal of clinical gastroenterology·Wolfgang Stremmel, Annika Braun, Anja Hanemann, et al

Delayed release phosphatidylcholine in chronic-active ulcerative colitis: a randomized, double-blinded, dose finding study.

RCTn = 40Gut Health

Randomized, double-blinded, dose-controlled study of delayed release phosphatidylcholine (rPC) in 40 patients with chronic-active ulcerative pancolitis. Effective doses of rPC (1 to 4 g) significantly improved clinical activity index (CAI) and endoscopic activity index (EAI), with remission achieved in higher dose groups. Bloating was common, and nausea was reported in the highest dose group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]·Adam M Rotunda, Steven R Weiss, Larry S Rivkin

Randomized double-blind clinical trial of subcutaneously injected deoxycholate versus a phosphatidylcholine-deoxycholate combination for the reduction of submental fat.

RCTn = 42

This randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of subcutaneously injected deoxycholate alone versus a phosphatidylcholine-deoxycholate combination for reducing submental fat in 42 subjects. The study found minimal aesthetic improvement with no significant differences in efficacy or adverse events between the two treatments.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2007·Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]·Giovanni Salti, Ilaria Ghersetich, Franca Tantussi, et al

Phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate in the treatment of localized fat: a double-blind, randomized study.

RCTn = 37

Double-blind, randomized study of 37 female patients comparing phosphatidylcholine/sodium deoxycholate preparation to sodium deoxycholate alone for localized fat reduction. Both treatments showed moderate and equivalent efficacy, with sodium deoxycholate having a slower postoperative resolution. The study suggests sodium deoxycholate could be sufficient for fat cell destruction.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2007·Journal of cosmetic dermatology·Abigail C Co, Maria Flordeliz Abad-Casintahan, Agnes Espinoza-Thaebtharm

Submental fat reduction by mesotherapy using phosphatidylcholine alone vs. phosphatidylcholine and organic silicium: a pilot study.

RCTn = 12

Pilot study comparing mesotherapy using phosphatidylcholine alone versus phosphatidylcholine with organic silicium for submental fat reduction in 12 patients. Both treatments were equally effective in reducing submental fat deposits, with significant reduction achieved after three sessions. Adverse reactions were mild and transitory.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2004·Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]·Glynis Ablon, Adam M Rotunda

Treatment of lower eyelid fat pads using phosphatidylcholine: clinical trial and review.

RCTn = 13

Open-label study evaluating the efficacy and safety of injectable phosphatidylcholine for infraorbital fat pad herniation. Improvements were reported in 80% of patients as graded by physicians and 70% by patients. Side effects included burning, erythema, and swelling at the injection site. At 9-month follow-up, 50% of patients reported persistence of benefit.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·P. Roy, D. Tomassoni, G. Nittari, et al

Effects of choline containing phospholipids on the neurovascular unit: A review

ReviewBrain Health

The review analyzes the roles of choline and choline-containing phospholipids (CCPLs) like phosphatidylcholine, CDP-choline, and α-GPC on neurovascular unit (NVU) integrity. It discusses the potential of these compounds in modulating NVU physiology and their implications in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting further research on α-GPC.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar