Research
Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA/DHA)
139 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
The Impact of a High-Fat Diet on Eye Health.
Systematic review examining the impact of high-fat diets on eye health. High-fat diets lead to cholesterol accumulation and lipid metabolism disturbances in the retina, activating inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Omega-3 deficiency exacerbates inflammation, while supplementation improves tear film stability, corneal epithelial function, intraocular pressure regulation, and exerts neuroprotective effects.
Effects of aspirin and omega-3 fatty acids on composite and subdomain scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire: the ASCEND-Eye randomized controlled trial.
The ASCEND-Eye randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of 100 mg aspirin and 1 g omega-3 fatty acids daily on visual function in a subset of 15,480 UK adults with diabetes. Neither treatment significantly affected composite or subdomain scores from the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire over 7.5 years.
Navigating agitation in neurodevelopmental disorders: A comparative study of pharmacotherapies via network meta-analysis in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disabilities.
Network meta-analysis of 38 trials with 2503 participants evaluating pharmacotherapies for agitation in ASD or ID. Omega-3 fatty acids, among other treatments, showed significant efficacy in reducing agitation compared to placebo and were well-tolerated.
Comparative Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acid with Other Interventions for Depression in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of omega-3 fatty acids and combination therapies for depression in children and adolescents. Omega-3 plus inositol was identified as the most effective treatment, and omega-3 with psychoeducational psychotherapy significantly lowered the remission rate compared to placebo.
Parenteral n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation improves postoperative recovery for patients with Crohn's disease after bowel resection: a randomized, unblinded controlled clinical trial.
A randomized, unblinded controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of postoperative parenteral n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in 268 patients with Crohn's disease after bowel resection. The treatment group showed significant reductions in overall complication rates, postoperative stay, and inflammatory cytokines compared to the control group.
Association Between Omega‐3 Fatty Acid Intake and Dyslipidemia: A Continuous Dose–Response Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Meta-analysis of 90 RCTs with 72,598 participants examining omega-3 fatty acid intake and blood lipid changes. Found J-shaped dose-response curves for low-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and linear dose-response for triglyceride and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, especially in hyperlipidemic and overweight/obese populations.
Pharmacological interventions for pruritus in adult palliative care patients.
This meta-analysis reviewed 91 studies with 4652 participants on pharmacological treatments for pruritus in adult palliative care patients. It found that GABA-analogues, kappa-opioid receptor agonists, cromolyn sodium, montelukast, fish-oil/omega-3 fatty acids, and topical capsaicin were effective for uraemic pruritus, with GABA-analogues having the largest effect. The evidence for fish-oil/omega-3 fatty acids was of low certainty.
Effects of marine-derived n-3 PUFA supplementation on soluble adhesion molecules: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 RCTs involving 3555 participants to assess the effects of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids on serum adhesion molecules. Significant reduction in VCAM-1 levels was observed, with trends towards reductions in ICAM-1 and P-selectin, but no effect on E-selectin.
Pharmacological anti-inflammatory treatment in children and adolescents with depressive symptoms: A systematic-review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of anti-inflammatory agents, including omega-3 fatty acids, in children and adolescents with depressive disorders. Found a significant but small effect in favor of anti-inflammatory agents, particularly omega-3 fatty acids, in reducing depressive symptoms.
Omega-3 fatty acids supplements for dry eye - Are they effective or ineffective?
RCT of 950 visual display terminal users comparing omega-3 fatty acid supplements to placebo for 6 months. The omega-3 group showed significant improvements in omega-3 index, dry eye symptoms, tear film osmolarity, Schirmer test values, TBUT, and goblet cell density, especially in those with low baseline omega-3 index.
Does omega-3 supplementation improve the inflammatory profile of patients with heart failure? a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory cytokines in heart failure patients. Found beneficial effects on serum TNF-a and IL-6 levels, but no changes in CRP. Suggests omega-3 may reduce inflammation in heart failure.
Effects of Omega-3 as an adjuvant in the treatment of periodontal disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjuvant in the nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant improvements in probing pocket depth reduction and clinical attachment loss reduction in the omega-3 group compared to the control group.
Interventions for the management of computer vision syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions for computer vision syndrome, including 45 RCTs with 4497 participants. Oral omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improved dry eye symptoms relative to placebo, though evidence was of low certainty. Berry extract and carotenoid supplementation showed no significant effects on visual fatigue or critical flicker-fusion frequency.
Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation Alone and Combined with Resistance Exercise on Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, with or without resistance exercise, on muscle mass and function in older adults. Omega-3 supplementation improved lower-body strength and functionality but did not impact lean tissue mass or upper body strength.
Association of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intake on Inflammatory Gene Expression and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake on multiple sclerosis and inflammatory gene expression. It included 13 cohort studies with 1353 participants. The analysis found a significant inverse relationship between DHA and EDSS scores, and omega-3 FAs significantly upregulated PPAR-γ and downregulated TNF-α and IL-1 expression. No significant association was found between n-3 PUFAs and EPA with EDSS scores.
Does the use of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy provide additional benefits in the treatment of periodontitis? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of dietary omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy in periodontitis patients. The analysis included 10 RCTs, with 8 included in the meta-analysis, showing significant reductions in probing pocket depth and gains in clinical attachment level with omega-3 supplementation.
Effects of omega-3 supplementation on lean body mass in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating omega-3 supplementation on lean body mass in cancer patients. Omega-3 increased lean body mass by 0.17 kg compared to placebo, but without significant differences. Significant effect was found for body weight, but not for BMI.
Long COVID and long chain fatty acids (LCFAs): Psychoneuroimmunity implication of omega-3 LCFAs in delayed consequences of COVID-19.
Systematic review exploring the molecular mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites counteract the negative effects of long COVID on the brain, behavior, and immunity. Omega-3 PUFAs, particularly EPA, may reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines, alter the HPA axis, and modulate neurotransmission, offering a promising strategy for Long COVID.
Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for Borderline Personality Disorder: A Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis of 4 RCTs with 137 patients assessing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on borderline personality disorder (BPD). Results showed significant improvements in overall BPD symptom severity, particularly in affective dysregulation and impulsive behavior, but not in cognitive-perceptual symptoms.
Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial.
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing 4 g/d of omega-3 CA to corn oil in 13,078 statin-treated patients with high cardiovascular risk. The trial found no significant difference in major adverse cardiovascular events between the omega-3 CA and corn oil groups, with a greater rate of gastrointestinal adverse events in the omega-3 CA group.
Effects of n-3 Fatty Acid Supplements in Elderly Patients after Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The OMega-3 fatty acids in Elderly with Myocardial Infarction (OMEMI) trial was a randomized clinical trial assessing the effect of 1.8 g n-3 PUFA supplementation on cardiovascular events in elderly patients post-myocardial infarction. The study found no significant reduction in clinical events with n-3 PUFA supplementation compared to placebo over two years.
The effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory factors in HIV-infected patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 RCTs with 427 participants on omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in HIV-infected patients. Omega-3 FAs significantly reduced CRP levels but had no significant effect on IL-6 and TNF-α levels.
Complementary and alternative medicine therapies for uremic pruritus - A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review of RCTs evaluating complementary and alternative medicine therapies for uremic pruritus in CKD patients. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation showed mixed efficacy, while acupuncture, acupressure, and topical capsaicin were effective. Other therapies like evening primrose oil, turmeric, vitamin B3, and vitamin D were not effective.
Adjunctive use of anti-inflammatory drugs for schizophrenia: A meta-analytic investigation of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 62 double-blind RCTs with 2914 schizophrenia patients, examining anti-inflammatory agents like omega-3 fatty acids. Significant effects were found for reducing symptom scores and enhancing cognitive function and general functioning. No significant side effects compared to placebo.
Effects of parenteral ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in postoperative gastrointestinal cancer on immune function and length of hospital stay: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of parenteral omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients. The study found that omega-3 fatty acids significantly reduced infectious complications, shortened hospital stay, and improved immune function.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of omega-3-fatty acids in elderly patients with depression.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of omega-3 fatty acids in elderly patients with depression. The analysis included 6 studies with 4605 patients and found that omega-3 supplementation had a large positive effect on mood in elderly patients with mild to moderate depression, but no significant effect in the general well-being mental health group.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids in prevention of early preterm delivery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine trials involving 5980 women assessing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on preterm delivery. Omega-3 fatty acids reduced the risk of early preterm delivery by 58% and any preterm delivery by 17%, increased mean gestational age by 1.95 weeks, and increased mean birth weight by 122.1g.
Effect of long-chain ω-3 fatty acids and lutein + zeaxanthin supplements on cardiovascular outcomes: results of the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial.
RCT of 4203 participants from the AREDS2 study examining the effect of omega-3 fatty acids (DHA + EPA) and macular xanthophylls (lutein + zeaxanthin) on cardiovascular outcomes. No reduction in the risk of cardiovascular disease was observed for either supplement group.
Maintenance of remission in inflammatory bowel disease using omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil): a systematic review and meta-analyses.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintaining remission in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Found a statistically significant benefit for CD but not for UC, with concerns about study heterogeneity and publication bias. Higher rates of diarrhea and upper gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in the omega-3 group.
Omega-3 dietary supplements and the risk of cardiovascular events: a systematic review.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies with 39,044 patients assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cardiovascular events. Omega-3 supplementation significantly reduced the risk of cardiovascular deaths, sudden cardiac death, all-cause mortality, and nonfatal cardiovascular events, particularly in high-risk patients.
Modulation of Inflammatory Indices by Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation in Hemodialysis: A Clinical Trial Approach.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on inflammatory markers in CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis. The study found that a two-month intake of omega-3 fatty acids supplements did not significantly impact reducing levels of inflammatory markers CRP and IL-6 compared to placebo.
Effects of maternal allergy and supplementation with ω-3 fatty acid and probiotic on human milk oligosaccharides.
RCT investigating the effects of omega-3 PUFA and L. reuteri supplementation on human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in colostrum and mature milk. Omega-3 PUFA supplementation decreased HMO diversity over time, and allergic mothers had lower levels of several HMOs compared to non-allergic mothers. SIgA correlated positively with fucosylated and negatively with sialylated HMOs.
Managing Burning Mouth Syndrome with Omega-3 Fatty Acids: A Clinical Trial of Pain Relief and Quality of Life Improvement
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 120 individuals with Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) tested the effects of 2 grams of omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) daily for 12 weeks. The omega-3 group showed significant reductions in pain intensity and improvements in quality of life compared to placebo, with most patients experiencing moderate to total symptom alleviation.
Multimicronutrient and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation reduces low-grade inflammation in older participants: An exploratory study.
A 12-week randomized, double-blinded intervention study with 112 older participants tested the effect of multimicronutrient and omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on inflammation. The intervention group showed significant improvements in nutrient status biomarkers and a decrease in the INFLA score compared to placebo, particularly in participants with a pro-inflammatory diet and higher age.
The impact of Omega-3 supplementation on arrhythmia reduction in acute coronary syndrome patients: a randomized clinical trial.
A randomized clinical trial with 74 ACS patients evaluated the impact of Omega-3 supplementation on arrhythmia reduction. Patients receiving Omega-3 showed significant reductions in AF, PACs, and PVCs compared to the control group, suggesting potential benefits for arrhythmia management post-ACS.
Perioperative Oral Immunonutrient Regulation of Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota in Patients with Gastric Cancer, a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
RCT of 58 gastric cancer surgery patients comparing immunonutrients (omega-3 fatty acids, arginine, nucleotides) to standard nutrients. The immunonutrients group showed lower postoperative diamine oxidase and endotoxin levels, increased microbiota α-diversity, and enrichment of probiotic genera, suggesting enhanced intestinal barrier protection.
Re-Esterified Triglyceride ω-3 Fatty Acids in Dry Eye Disease With Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This randomized clinical trial investigated the effect of re-esterified triglyceride ω-3 fatty acid supplementation on dry eye disease associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. The study found no significant benefit of ω-3 supplementation in ameliorating symptoms compared to grape-seed oil over 12 weeks.
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on muscle mass, fat mass, and visceral fat of hemodialysis patients; A randomized clinical trial.
RCT of 120 end-stage renal disease patients comparing omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to placebo for 2 months. No significant differences were found in BMI, fat mass, muscle, and visceral fat between groups, though the reduction in visceral fat was close to significant.
Improvement in Glycolipid Metabolism Parameters After Supplementing Fish Oil-Derived Omega-3 Fatty Acids Is Associated with Gut Microbiota and Lipid Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
RCT of 110 T2DM patients comparing fish oil-derived omega-3 PUFAs to corn oil over three months. The fish oil group showed significant improvements in serum lipid profiles, glycemic parameters, and gut microbiota composition, suggesting benefits for gut health and systemic inflammation management in diabetes.
Joint effects of one year of marine omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and participant dietary fish intake upon circulating lipid mediators of inflammation resolution in a randomized controlled trial.
RCT within the VITAL trial assessed the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and dietary fish intake on systemic lipid mediators of inflammation in adults. The study found beneficial changes in circulating proresolving and proinflammatory mediators with omega-3 supplementation versus placebo, with larger effects in participants with low baseline fish intake.
The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin D Supplementation on the Nutritional Status of Women with Breast Cancer in Palestine: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.
Open-label RCT assessing the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin D3 supplementation on the nutritional status of 88 newly diagnosed women with breast cancer in Palestine. The omega-3 and vitamin D3 group showed significant improvements in nutritional risk scores, body weight, BMI, blood albumin levels, and dietary energy and protein intake compared to other groups.
Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Parenteral Nutrition on Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT evaluating the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation in parenteral nutrition on inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes in 69 critically ill COVID-19 patients. The group receiving 0.1 g/kg/day O3FA showed significant reductions in CRP, IL-6, and CXCL10 levels, and the higher dose was associated with shorter ICU and hospital stays.
Comparison of n-3 PUFA-Enriched vs. Olive-Oil-Based Lipid Emulsion on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Critically Ill Post-Surgery Adults: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Secondary analysis of an RCT comparing n-3 PUFA-enriched lipid emulsion to olive-oil-based lipid emulsion in critically ill post-surgery adults. Both treatments showed similar effects on oxidative stress and inflammatory response, with no significant differences in clinical outcomes or metabolic markers.
Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Clinical Outcome of Atopic Dermatitis in Children.
RCT of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil combined with gamma-linolenic acid from blackcurrant seed oil in 52 children with atopic dermatitis. The intervention significantly decreased SCORAD index, reduced topical corticosteroid use, and improved itch, sleep quality, and overall quality of life.
The adjuvant treatment role of ω-3 fatty acids by regulating gut microbiota positively in the acne vulgaris.
The study explored the role of omega-3 fatty acids in acne vulgaris by modulating gut microbiota. Untreated acne patients and Sprague Dawley rats with acne models were given omega-3 fatty acids. The intervention increased gut microbiota diversity, increased butyric acid-producing bacteria, improved GAGS scores in patients, and alleviated inflammation and comedones in rats.
Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improves early-stage diabetic nephropathy and subclinical atherosclerosis in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.
This randomized controlled trial assessed the effect of oral omega-3 supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profile, albuminuria level, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation improved glycemic control, dyslipidemia, and delayed disease progression and subclinical atherosclerosis.
Effect of coadministration of omega-3 fatty acids with glimepiride on glycemic control, lipid profile, irisin, and sirtuin-1 in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT involving 70 type 2 diabetic patients assessing the effect of omega-3 fatty acids coadministered with glimepiride on glycemic control, lipid profile, serum irisin, and sirtuin-1 levels. Omega-3 supplementation improved fasting blood glucose, HbA1C%, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL levels, and increased serum irisin compared to the control group.
Effects of hydrolyzed collagen alone or in combination with fish oil on the gut microbiome in patients with major burns.
This randomized double-blind clinical trial investigated the effects of hydrolyzed collagen alone or in combination with fish oil on the gut microbiome in 57 adults with major burns. The study found that the addition of omega-3 fatty acids prevented a significant reduction in gut Bifidobacterium, while the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio decreased significantly in the collagen group.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Improve Functionality of High-Density Lipoprotein in Individuals With High Cardiovascular Risk: A Randomized, Parallel, Controlled and Double-Blind Clinical Trial
RCT of 147 individuals with high cardiovascular risk comparing omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) to omega-6. Omega-3 improved HDL functionality by increasing large HDL and reducing small HDL and non-esterified fatty acids in HDL. Significant reduction in CETP activity was observed, indicating a cardioprotective profile.
Effects of an Omega-3 Supplemented, High-Protein Diet in Combination with Vibration and Resistance Exercise on Muscle Power and Inflammation in Old Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.
Pilot RCT examining the effects of an omega-3-supplemented, high-protein diet combined with vibration and resistance exercise on muscle power and inflammation in older adults. The study found that the diet increased muscle power and reduced inflammation in old men, but not in old women. A high-protein diet improved leg strength and CRT time.
The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on clinical and biochemical parameters of critically ill patients with COVID-19: a randomized clinical trial
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial on 128 critically ill COVID-19 patients examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation. The intervention group showed a significantly higher 1-month survival rate and improved levels of arterial pH, HCO3, and Be, with lower levels of BUN, Cr, and K compared to the control group.
The omega-3 and Nano-curcumin effects on vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) in episodic migraine patients: a randomized clinical trial
This randomized clinical trial examined the effects of omega-3 fatty acids, nanocurcumin, and their combination on serum levels and gene expression of VCAM in 80 patients with episodic migraine over 2 months. Omega-3 and the combination with nanocurcumin significantly decreased VCAM serum levels, while nanocurcumin alone showed a borderline significant change.
Oxidative Stress Markers and Antioxidant Enzymes in Children and Adolescents with Depressive Disorder and Impact of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Randomised Clinical Trial
RCT investigating oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzymes in 60 children and adolescents with depressive disorder. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation decreased oxidative stress markers and increased antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting a positive effect on mood and brain health.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation Improve Nutritional Status and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial
RCT of 60 lung cancer patients assessing omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (EPA and DHA) versus placebo for 12 weeks. Omega-3 group showed significantly higher weight, albumin, and triglyceride levels, and reduced inflammatory markers (CRP and TNF-α) compared to placebo.
The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Thromboxane, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Homocysteine, and Vitamin D in Depressive Children and Adolescents: Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT of 58 children and adolescents with depressive disorder comparing omega-3 FA supplementation to omega-6 FA over 12 weeks. Omega-3 FA reduced plasma thromboxane and increased BDNF levels, suggesting benefits for depressive symptoms.
The effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on social and behavioral disorders of children with autism: a randomized clinical trial
A double-blind, randomized clinical trial on 54 children with autism assessed the effect of 1000 mg omega-3 supplementation daily for eight weeks. The intervention group showed significant improvements in stereotyped behaviors, social communication, and GARS score compared to the control group.
The prebiotic effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation: A six-week randomised intervention trial.
A 6-week dietary intervention trial comparing daily supplementation with 500 mg of omega-3 fatty acids versus 20 g of inulin. Omega-3 supplementation resulted in significant changes in gut microbiome composition and increases in fermentation products, suggesting potential prebiotic effects and cardiovascular benefits.
Omega-3 fatty-acids modulate symptoms of depressive disorder, serum levels of omega-3 fatty acids and omega-6/omega-3 ratio in children. A randomized, double-blind and controlled trial.
This randomized, double-blind, controlled trial studied the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid fish oil emulsion as an adjuvant therapy for depressive disorder in children and adolescents. Significant reductions in Children's Depression Inventory scores were observed in the omega-3 group compared to the omega-6 group, with a decrease in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio.
Effects of a plant-based fatty acid supplement and a powdered fruit, vegetable and berry juice concentrate on omega-3-indices and serum micronutrient concentrations in healthy subjects
This controlled, randomised, open-labelled, parallel-grouped clinical trial investigated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids from a plant-based supplement on omega-3-indices in healthy subjects. Supplementation with 0.5 g/day significantly increased the omega-3 index after 8 and 16 weeks. Combined ingestion with a fruit, vegetable, and berry juice powder concentrate increased serum concentrations of specific vitamins and carotenoids without affecting hepatic, kidney, or thyroid function.
A combination of omega-3 and plant sterols regulate glucose and lipid metabolism in individuals with impaired glucose regulation: a randomized and controlled clinical trial.
RCT of 200 individuals with impaired glucose regulation comparing the effects of plant sterols, omega-3 fatty acids, and their combination on glucose and lipid metabolism. The combined intervention significantly decreased TG, HDL-C, FBG, HOMA-IR, and HbA1c. Omega-3 alone reduced waistline, TG, FBG, HOMA-IR, and Hs-CRP, while plant sterols alone decreased TG and Hs-CRP.
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: What is Their Role in Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders?
Systematic review of 126 studies on omega-3 fatty acids in psychiatric disorders, including 102 RCTs. Omega-3s showed efficacy in treating depressive symptoms in major depression and bipolar depression, with some benefits in early schizophrenia, ADHD, and borderline personality disorder. Results for other disorders were inconsistent.
Effect of omega-3 fatty acid plus vitamin E Co-Supplementation on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effect of co-supplementation of vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids on lipid profile. The analysis found that co-supplementation significantly reduces VLDL levels, but no significant differences were observed for total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides.
Oxidative Stress and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation.
Systematic review of clinical trials analyzing the efficacy of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on systemic oxidative stress and NAFLD/NASH features in adults. Findings suggest n-3 PUFA may be effective in early stages of NAFLD but not in more severe cases. The effectiveness of n-3 PUFA on oxidative stress remains controversial.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies on the effectiveness of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention studies assessing the effects of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on liver-related and metabolic outcomes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Supplementation resulted in significant improvements in metabolic risk factors, liver enzyme levels, liver fat content, and steatosis score, but not in histological measures of disease.
Comparison of efficacy and safety of combination therapy with statins and omega-3 fatty acids versus statin monotherapy in patients with dyslipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing combination therapy of statins and omega-3 fatty acids versus statin monotherapy in patients with dyslipidemia. Combination therapy showed greater reduction in total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol but no significant difference in LDL cholesterol. Gastrointestinal adverse events were increased with combination therapy.
Effects of postnatal omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on offspring pro-resolving mediators of inflammation at 6 months and 5 years of age: A double blind, randomized controlled clinical trial.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 420 infants receiving omega-3 fatty acids (280mg DHA and 110mg EPA) or olive oil from birth to 6 months. Omega-3 supplementation increased 18-HEPE levels at 6 months, but effects were not sustained after supplementation ceased. No differences in other SPMs or F-isoprostanes between groups.
Association between polymorphisms in phospholipase A2 genes and the plasma triglyceride response to an n-3 PUFA supplementation: a clinical trial
Clinical trial investigating the effect of genetic polymorphisms in phospholipase A2 genes on plasma triglyceride response to n-3 PUFA supplementation. 208 subjects consumed 3 g/day of n-3 PUFA for 6 weeks, showing that n-3 PUFA supplementation independently reduced plasma triglyceride levels, with certain SNPs influencing the response.
Omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials assessing omega 3 fatty acids (fish oil) for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. The analysis found a marginal significant benefit for maintaining remission, but results were heterogeneous and not statistically significant when considering estimated relapse rates. No serious adverse events were recorded, but higher rates of diarrhea and upper gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in the omega 3 group.
The Psychoneuroimmunological Role of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder.
The paper reviews the psychoneuroimmunological role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It concludes that omega-3 fatty acids have therapeutic benefits as both monotherapy and adjunct therapy, promoting better health and reducing inflammation.
Secondary analysis of omega-3 supplementation: Alteration of lipid mediators and inflammation in older adults engaged in a home-based and vibration exercise program.
This secondary analysis examined the effects of omega-3 supplementation on lipid mediators and inflammatory markers in older adults engaged in a home-based and vibration exercise program. Omega-3 supplementation selectively lowered PGE2 independent of exercise effects, while exercise contributed to decreases in LTB4 and RvE1. Supplementation was associated with greater reductions in interleukin 10 and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and a larger increase in insulin-like growth factor 1.
Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis in Menopausal Patients: A Randomized Control Trial.
RCT evaluating the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis in menopausal women. The study found significant improvements in clinical indicators and a notable decrease in AST levels in the gingival crevicular fluid for the group receiving omega-3 supplements compared to placebo.
Consumption of Nutritionally Enriched Hen Eggs Enhances Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation via Cyclooxygenase Metabolites in Healthy Young People-A Randomized Study.
RCT evaluating the effects of enriched hen egg consumption on endothelium-dependent vasodilation in healthy young individuals. The Nutri4 group consuming enriched eggs showed enhanced microvascular EDV, suggesting a role of omega-3 PUFA metabolites via the cyclooxygenases pathway.
Efficacy of omega-3-rich Camelina sativa on the metabolic and clinical markers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, controlled trial.
This triple-blind, placebo-controlled RCT evaluated the effects of Camelina sativa oil (CSO) on metabolic and clinical markers in 46 NAFLD patients over 12 weeks. CSO supplementation significantly improved weight, BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-c, atherogenic index, alanine aminotransferase, and adiponectin levels compared to placebo.
The effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on weight loss and cognitive function in overweight or obese individuals on weight-loss diet.
RCT of 40 overweight or obese adults on a weight loss diet, comparing omega-3 PUFA supplementation to control. Omega-3 group showed greater reduction in abdominal fat mass and percentage, but no significant difference in cognitive function improvement compared to control.
Decreased oxidative stress and altered urinary oxylipidome by intravenous omega-3 fatty acid emulsion in a randomized controlled trial of older subjects hospitalized for COVID-19.
RCT of intravenous omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) in 20 COVID-19 patients. The treatment shifted plasma lipid signature towards proresolving precursor levels, decreased leukotoxin diols, and reduced oxidative stress markers, suggesting beneficial immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects.
Omega 3-rich Camelina sativa oil in the context of a weight loss program improves glucose homeostasis, inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with NAFLD: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial.
RCT of 46 NAFLD patients comparing 20g/day Camelina sativa oil to placebo (sunflower oil) over 12 weeks. CSO supplementation improved insulin concentration, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, LPS, TAC, SOD activity, MDA, and 8-iso-PGF2α, indicating benefits for glycemia, inflammation, metabolic endotoxemia, and oxidative stress.
Effects of Peroral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial—The OmegAD Study
RCT of 33 Alzheimer's disease patients assessing the effect of daily supplementation with 2.3 g of omega-3 fatty acids on cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. The treatment group showed a significant increase in YKL-40 and NfL, suggesting a possible increase in inflammatory response and axonal damage, with no correlation to cognitive performance.
Oral Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Carotenoids from the Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum in Healthy Young Adults
Randomized intervention trial with 22 healthy individuals comparing the bioavailability of omega-3 fatty acids and carotenoids from microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (PT) and fish oil. PT intake resulted in similar increases in n-3 PUFA and EPA content, a decrease in the PUFA n-6:n-3 ratio in plasma, and uptake of fucoxanthin metabolites. No adverse effects were observed, suggesting PT as a safe and effective source of EPA and carotenoids.
Pharmacokinetics of Supplemental Omega-3 Fatty Acids Esterified in Monoglycerides, Ethyl Esters, or Triglycerides in Adults in a Randomized Crossover Trial
Randomized, triple-blind, crossover trial comparing the pharmacokinetics of omega-3 fatty acids esterified in monoglycerides, ethyl esters, and triglycerides in 22 adults. Plasma concentrations of EPA were higher after supplementation with monoglycerides compared to ethyl esters and triglycerides. Side effects were similar across all forms.
Pro-inflammatory monocytes are increased in Duchenne muscular dystrophy and suppressed with omega-3 fatty acids: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Omega-3 LCPUFA supplementation for 6 months reduced pro-inflammatory monocytes and their cytokines, while increasing anti-inflammatory monocytes compared to placebo.
Effects of perioperative intravenous ω-3 fatty acids in colon cancer patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of perioperative intravenous n-3 PUFAs on inflammatory cytokines in 44 colon cancer surgery patients. The n-3 PUFA group showed higher ex-vivo IL-6 levels after LPS stimulation on the first day post-surgery and a higher white blood cell count on the fourth day. More infectious complications occurred in the n-3 PUFA group, suggesting caution with its use in this context.
A novel-3 glyceride mixture enhances enrichment of EPA and DHA after single dosing in healthy older adults: results from a double-blind crossover trial.
Double-blind crossover trial in 20 healthy older adults comparing a glyceride formulation and an ethyl ester formulation of EPA + DHA. The glyceride formulation resulted in greater and faster incorporation of EPA and DHA into plasma lipids over 12 hours, suggesting potential benefits for individuals on low-fat diets or with digestive impairments.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in monoacylglycerol or ethyl ester in humans: a randomized controlled trial
This randomized, double-blind, crossover, controlled trial compared the pharmacokinetics of omega-3 fatty acids esterified in monoacylglycerides (MAG) versus ethyl ester (EE) in 20 adults. Plasma concentrations of EPA and DHA were significantly higher when provided in MAG form compared to EE form, with no sex differences observed in MAG form.
Homocysteine Status Modifies the Treatment Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cognition in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer’s Disease: The OmegAD Study
Post hoc analysis of the OmegAD trial with 171 AD patients, examining the interaction between omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and baseline homocysteine levels on cognitive performance. Omega-3 supplementation improved cognition in patients with lower homocysteine levels, suggesting B vitamin status influences the cognitive benefits of omega-3s.
Effect of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids on hypertriglyceridemia in pediatric patients with obesity
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of omega-3 fatty acids (3 g/day for 12 weeks) in pediatric patients with obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The omega-3 group showed a 39.1% decrease in triglyceride concentrations compared to 14.6% in the placebo group. Adverse gastrointestinal events were more common in the omega-3 group.
Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Omega-6 Fatty Acids for the Control of Cancer-Related Fatigue Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Multicenter RCT comparing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Omega-6 fatty acids significantly reduced fatigue scores and proinflammatory markers compared to omega-3 fatty acids.
A Single-dose, Comparative Bioavailability Study of a Formulation containing OM3 as Phospholipid and Free Fatty Acid to an Ethyl Ester Formulation in the Fasting and Fed States.
This open-label, randomized, 4-way crossover bioavailability study compared the relative bioavailabilities of EPA and DHA from OM3-PL/FFA and OM3-EE formulations in 56 healthy adults. The study found that OM3-PL/FFA had higher bioavailability in the fasted state and was less affected by meal fat content compared to OM3-EE, suggesting a potential clinical advantage for patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia on a fat-restricted diet.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced toxicity in patients with locally advanced breast cancer: a randomized, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial.
RCT of 53 women with locally advanced breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were given 2.4 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids or placebo. No significant differences were found in hematological and anthropometric toxicity parameters, but there was a significant improvement in xerostomia in the omega-3 group.
Replication of a Gene-Diet Interaction at CD36, NOS3 and PPARG in Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplements on Blood Lipids: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Double-blind RCT with 150 T2D patients examining gene-diet interactions with omega-3 fatty acid supplements on blood lipids. Significant interactions were found for CD36 on triglycerides and PPARG on LDL-cholesterol, with better lipid profile responses in patients with specific genotypes. Fish oil supplements mainly contributed to these effects.
Efficacy of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with fatty fish in ameliorating inflammation in paediatric asthma: a randomised controlled trial
A 6-month RCT in Greek asthmatic children compared a Mediterranean diet supplemented with fatty fish to a usual diet. The intervention group showed increased fatty fish intake and a significant reduction in airway inflammation after adjustments, though no differences were observed in spirometry, asthma control, or quality of life scores.
Effects of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on cigarette craving and oxidative stress index in heavy-smoker males: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Double-blind, randomized clinical trial of 54 heavy-smoker males receiving omega-3 fatty acid supplements or placebo for 3 months. Omega-3 group showed significant reductions in nicotine dependence, cigarette craving, cigarettes smoked per day, total oxidant status, and oxidative stress index compared to placebo.
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as a Monotherapy for Adolescent Depression.
A double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids as a monotherapy for major depressive disorder in 51 adolescents. The study found that omega-3 fatty acids were not superior to placebo in improving depression severity, anhedonia, irritability, or suicidality.
The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation on Gene Expression Involved in the Insulin and Lipid Signaling Pathway in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on gene expression in the insulin and lipid signaling pathway in 60 women with PCOS. Omega-3 supplementation upregulated PPAR-γ mRNA and downregulated LDLR mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with no significant effect on GLUT-1 and Lp(a) gene expression.
Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of 60 subjects with diabetic foot ulcer comparing 1000mg flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to placebo for 12 weeks. Omega-3 supplementation significantly improved ulcer size, insulin metabolism, serum hs-CRP, plasma TAC, and GSH levels, suggesting beneficial effects on wound healing and metabolic profiles.
The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical and metabolic status in patients with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on clinical signs and metabolic status in 60 patients with Parkinson's disease. The supplementation led to significant improvements in UPDRS scores, decreased hs-CRP, increased total antioxidant capacity and glutathione concentrations, and improved markers of insulin metabolism compared to placebo.
Omega 3 Fatty Acids Supplementation and Oxidative Stress in HIV-Seropositive Patients. A Clinical Trial
Randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of omega 3 fatty acids on oxidative stress markers in 70 HIV-seropositive patients. Omega 3 supplementation decreased triglycerides but did not significantly affect oxidative stress markers compared to placebo.
The effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on gene expression of lipoprotein(a) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein, lipid profiles and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome.
This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on gene expression of Lp(a) and Ox-LDL, lipid profiles, and biomarkers of oxidative stress in 68 women with PCOS. The supplementation significantly improved gene expression, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress markers compared to placebo.
Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Inflammatory Cytokines and Advanced Glycation End Products in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT of 60 patients with diabetic nephropathy comparing 1000 mg/d omega-3 fatty acid from flaxseed oil to placebo for 12 weeks. Omega-3 supplementation significantly decreased serum AGEs but had no significant effect on inflammatory cytokines compared to placebo.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Pregnancy Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes.
RCT of 60 women with gestational diabetes comparing omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation to placebo for 6 weeks. The supplementation improved total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide levels, and reduced plasma malondialdehyde concentrations. It also resulted in lower incidences of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns.
A mindfulness-based stress management program and treatment with omega-3 fatty acids to maintain a healthy mental state in hospital nurses (Happy Nurse Project): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
This study protocol outlines a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids and a mindfulness-based stress management program in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in hospital nurses. The trial involves 120 nurses and measures changes in the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) over 26 weeks.