Research
NAC (N-Acetyl Cysteine)
168 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
N-acetylcysteine reduces incidence and duration of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients: A randomized controlled trial.
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV NAC) for prevention of linezolid-associated thrombocytopenia (LAT) in 250 critically ill adults. NAC significantly reduced LAT incidence, platelet transfusions, and linezolid discontinuations, and delayed LAT onset while accelerating platelet recovery.
The role of N-acetylcysteine and glutathione in the management of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review of oxidative biomarkers and clinical outcomes.
Systematic review of nine studies involving 196 participants evaluating the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) on oxidative stress and Parkinson's Disease symptoms. NAC improved motor and non-motor symptoms and increased GSH/GSSG ratios and DAT binding, while GSH showed modest increases in brain levels without significant symptom improvement. Evidence remains preliminary due to small sample sizes and short intervention durations.
N-Acetylcysteine in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Translational Evidence Across Seven Disorders.
Systematic review of 23 studies on N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a neuroprotective agent across seven neurological disorders. Strongest evidence for NAC was found in acute mild TBI and Parkinson's disease, with trends toward cognitive stabilization in Alzheimer's disease. NAC showed a favorable safety profile, but evidence was fragmented and heterogeneous.
N-acetylcysteine as Prophylaxis Against Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: A Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis of 49 studies assessing the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing contrast-induced nephropathy. Neither oral nor intravenous NAC decreased the risk of acute kidney injury, the need for haemodialysis, or mortality.
Augmentation with glutamatergic modulators for schizophrenia: A network meta-analysis.
Network meta-analysis of 148 RCTs with 12,339 patients evaluating glutamatergic modulators as augmentation treatments for schizophrenia. N-acetylcysteine, sarcosine, and memantine showed efficacy across multiple outcome domains, with specific agents like piracetam and benzoate improving psychopathology and positive symptoms, respectively.
Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on mortality in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 RCTs with 1,424 COVID-19 patients evaluating N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on mortality. The pooled odds ratio indicated a 51% reduction in the odds of death among patients receiving NAC. NAC may reduce mortality, especially at higher doses or non-oral routes.
Efficacy of N-Acetylcysteine in preventing post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of four RCTs involving 773 patients to evaluate the effectiveness of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis. The meta-analysis showed a non-significant lower incidence of pancreatitis in the NAC group compared to controls, with moderate heterogeneity among studies. Further research is needed to clarify NAC's role as a prophylactic agent.
Unlocking the potential of antioxidant supplementation with n-acetylcysteine to improve seminal parameters and analysis of its safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation in males with infertility or impaired semen parameters. The analysis included 5 studies and found that NAC significantly improved sperm volume, concentration, total motility, and normal morphology without reported side effects.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of N-acetylcysteine on outcomes after liver resection.
This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in improving outcomes following hepatectomy. Five RCTs with 388 patients were included. NAC was associated with lower post-operative lactate levels, but there were no significant differences in INR, ALT, length of stay, transfusion rates, or morbidity, suggesting limited effectiveness in reducing hepatic dysfunction.
A review of antioxidant N-acetylcysteine in addressing polycystic ovary syndrome.
Systematic review investigating the potential benefits of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The review analyzed over 100 research papers, suggesting NAC may counteract oxidative stress and offer anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic benefits, potentially influencing insulin signaling pathways.
Antioxidant Therapies in the Treatment of Aminoglycoside-Induced Ototoxicity: A Meta-Analysis.
This meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of antioxidant therapies in treating aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity. N-acetylcysteine and aspirin were found to be effective in reducing ototoxicity, while vitamin E did not show a significant effect. The analysis highlights the need for more high-quality studies to confirm these findings.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine on ovulation and sex hormones profile in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies with 2185 participants evaluating the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on ovulation and sex hormones in women with PCOS. NAC significantly reduced total testosterone levels and increased follicle-stimulating hormone levels, suggesting potential improvement in reproductive system function.
The effects of N-acetylcysteine supplement on metabolic parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 RCTs including 869 women with PCOS, examining the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on metabolic parameters. NAC showed improvements in fasting blood-glucose levels, total cholesterol, and other metabolic parameters compared to metformin and placebo, suggesting it may be a promising supplement for PCOS treatment.
Pre-medication with simethicone and N-acetyl cysteine for improving mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.
This randomized controlled trial assessed the impact of premedication with simethicone and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on mucosal visibility during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The study found that premedication with simethicone or a combination of simethicone and NAC significantly improved mucosal visibility compared to water or NAC alone.
N-Acetylcysteine for Preventing Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: A Comprehensive Review.
Systematic review of 34 studies involving 19,580 patients on the use of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) for preventing acetaminophen-induced liver injury. NAC was found to improve hepatotoxicity and reduce mortality, with efficacy dependent on timing of administration within 8 to 24 hours of overdose.
The efficacy of nutritional supplements for the adjunctive treatment of schizophrenia in adults: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of nutritional supplements as adjunctive treatments for schizophrenia. It included 17 RCTs with 1165 participants, comparing folate acid or vitamin B12, vitamin D, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. NAC was found to be significantly more efficacious than folic acid or vitamin B12 and omega-3 fatty acids in terms of PANSS score changes, and it may be the most effective adjunctive intervention.
Mitochondrial modulators for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies (n=629) on mitochondrial modulators for obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. N-acetylcysteine showed significant improvement in overall symptoms compared to placebo, but no mitochondrial modulators outperformed placebo in improving anxiety-related scale scores.
N-Acetyl Cysteine in Rodenticide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies (2 RCTs, 4 observational, 4 descriptive) on N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) in rodenticide poisoning. Pooled RCT results showed significant recovery and reduced mortality with NAC. The review suggests NAC improves survival and reduces mortality in rodenticide poisoning cases.
Comparative efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents on bipolar disorder: A systemic review and network meta-analysis.
Network meta-analysis comparing anti-inflammatory agents for bipolar disorder treatment. Adjunctive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was superior to placebo for improving bipolar disorder symptoms. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) showed a high response rate, and NSAIDs were favorable for remission rate. All agents had a good safety profile.
N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of cannabis use disorder: A systematic review of clinical trials.
Systematic review of RCTs evaluating N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for treating cannabis use disorder (CUD). The review included 8 RCTs and found mixed results, with NAC showing effectiveness in promoting abstinence, medication adherence, and reducing cannabis use and craving.
The efficacy of adjuvant N acetyl cysteine for the eradication of H pylori infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of adjuvant N acetyl cysteine (NAC) in the eradication of H. Pylori infections. The analysis included 8 studies with 1167 patients and found that adjuvant NAC plus standard treatment protocols are not superior to standard treatment protocols for H. pylori eradication.
Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania.
This meta-analysis updates a Cochrane Review on the effects of medication for trichotillomania (TTM). It includes 12 studies, with preliminary evidence suggesting potential beneficial effects of N-acetylcysteine, clomipramine, and olanzapine in adults, though sample sizes were small and evidence certainty was low.
Pharmacological prevention of post-operative pancreatitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on animal studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on animal models examining prophylactic treatment with corticosteroids or n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for induced pancreatitis. NAC showed a significant reduction in severity of amylase and necrosis, while corticosteroids reduced markers of severity of pancreatitis.
N-acetyl cysteine versus standard of care for non-acetaminophen induced acute liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in non-acetaminophen induced acute liver injury (ALI). NAC showed a 53% reduction in mortality and a 59% lower rate of encephalopathy compared to standard care, but increased risk of nausea, vomiting, and need for mechanical ventilation.
Comparative efficacy of mitochondrial agents for bipolar disorder during depressive episodes: a network meta-analysis using frequentist and Bayesian approaches.
Network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of mitochondrial agents in bipolar depression. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was ranked highest in efficacy, followed by coenzyme Q10 and a combination of alpha-lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine. However, none showed better efficacy than placebo in bipolar depression regarding depression rating scores.
Appropriate chemopreventive strategy for anti-tubercular therapy related liver injury is unsettled: Results from a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluating chemoprophylaxis agents for prevention of antitubercular therapy-related drug-induced liver injury (ATT-DILI). N-acetylcysteine appeared beneficial in preventing ATT-DILI, while Silymarin/Silibinin did not show significant benefit. Results were limited by potential bias and variability in study definitions.
Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-enhancing agents on cognition in patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials.
This meta-analysis reviewed 25 double-blind randomized controlled trials with 1951 participants to assess the effect of NMDA-receptor-enhancing agents on cognitive function in schizophrenia. Overall, NMDA-receptor-enhancing agents had a small but nonsignificant effect on cognition. However, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) showed a significant positive effect on working memory.
The effect of antioxidants on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A systematic review with meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of adding antioxidants to triple or quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication. The study included 9 studies with 1260 participants. The addition of antioxidants did not significantly improve eradication rates overall, but vitamin supplementation at high doses showed superior efficacy in certain subgroups. Antioxidant supplements did not affect side effects.
Fenoldopam for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN)-do we need more trials? A meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis comparing intravenous Fenoldopam with Saline/Placebo/N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN). The risk ratio for CIN development in the Fenoldopam group was 1.19 compared to the control group, which was not statistically significant. Fenoldopam is no better than Placebo/Saline or NAC in preventing CIN.
Interventions for protecting renal function in the perioperative period.
This meta-analysis reviewed 72 randomized controlled trials involving 4378 participants to assess the effectiveness of various interventions, including N-acetyl cysteine, for protecting renal function during the perioperative period. The analysis found no reliable evidence that these interventions provide renal protection, with significant heterogeneity and methodological variability noted among the studies.
Efficacy and Safety of Pre-Endoscopy Regimens for Mucosal Visualization During Sedated Esophagogastro-duodenoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT comparing four premedication regimens for mucosal visualization during sedated EGD in 168 patients. Simethicone and N-acetylcysteine given two hours before endoscopy enhanced mucosal visibility and procedural efficiency without compromising safety.
Preventing Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Egyptian Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT comparing the effect of high-dose N-acetylcysteine (NAC) plus hydration, high-dose atorvastatin plus hydration, or hydration alone on preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) in 120 patients undergoing coronary angiography. NAC and statins reduced CI-AKI incidence, with statins showing more promising results.
Frontal white matter hyperintensity burden predicts cognitive response to N-acetylcysteine and exercise in vascular mild cognitive impairment.
RCT involving 58 individuals with vascular mild cognitive impairment (vaMCI) receiving exercise therapy and randomized to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or placebo. The study assessed executive function (EF) improvements using cognitive tests over 6 months. Lower baseline frontal WMH volume predicted greater improvement in TMT-B performance at 3 months in those treated with NAC versus placebo.
Local application of otoprotective compounds other than sodium thiosulfate to prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss: a systematic review.
Systematic review investigating locally administered otoprotective agents other than sodium thiosulfate for preventing cisplatin-induced hearing loss in pediatric patients. Dexamethasone and n-acetylcysteine were identified as efficacious agents, with dexamethasone showing statistically significant but not clinically relevant benefits in some trials. Further research is needed on dosage, delivery method, and timing.
N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Co-Occurring Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examined the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 2,400 mg/day) among 182 individuals with co-occurring PTSD and alcohol use disorder. Both NAC and placebo groups showed significant reductions in PTSD symptoms and alcohol use, but there were no significant differences between the groups. NAC was well tolerated but not more effective than placebo.
Fluoxetine versus N-acetylcysteine in reducing craving in Indian men with alcohol dependence syndrome: a randomised controlled trial.
RCT comparing fluoxetine and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in reducing alcohol craving in 100 men with alcohol dependence syndrome. NAC showed greater reduction in craving scores, lower relapse rates, and better adherence compared to fluoxetine over 12 weeks.
A randomized crossover trial with experience sampling to test placebo effects on pathological skin-picking.
Randomized crossover trial with 69 participants with pathological skin-picking (PSP) testing placebo effects using pills introduced as 'N-acetylcysteine'. Placebo treatment reduced skin-picking severity and perceived stress, with moderate reduction in the urge to engage in skin-picking observed during the second week of treatment.
Efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine vs. probiotics in in-vivo biofilm prevention on ureteral stents: a prospective randomized controlled pilot in vivo study.
Prospective RCT comparing N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to probiotics for preventing biofilm formation on ureteral stents in 60 patients. NAC significantly reduced pyuria, positive urine cultures, and biofilm formation compared to probiotics, with no significant adverse effects observed.
Efficacy of N-acetylcysteinedexamethasone in preventing postembolization syndrome post-transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma: A randomized controlled trial.
A randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and dexamethasone (DEXA) in preventing postembolization syndrome (PES) in hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing transarterial chemoembolization. NAC significantly reduced the incidence of PES compared to DEXA, with no significant difference in liver function recovery between the groups.
Efficacy Of N-Acetyl-Cysteine as Adjuvant Therapy for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.
Open-label RCT assessing the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as an adjuvant therapy for diabetic foot osteomyelitis. NAC 600 mg twice daily significantly reduced infectious-related laboratory parameters compared to control, accelerating the drop rate of ESR and CRP.
Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two N-acetylcysteine tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting and fed conditions.
This study assessed the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety of a domestically manufactured N-acetylcysteine (NAC) tablet compared with a reference formulation in healthy Chinese volunteers under fasting and fed conditions. The results demonstrated that the test and reference NAC tablets are bioequivalent and exhibit similar pharmacokinetic profiles and safety.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant treatment for alcohol use disorder.
A 9-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed N-acetylcysteine as an adjuvant treatment for alcohol use disorder in 53 inpatients. The study measured neuropeptide Y, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, and hepatic parameters. Both groups showed similar mean time to relapse, treatment adherence, and clinical improvement, with significant changes in hepatic biomarker levels over time.
The impact of N-acetylcysteine on lactate, biomarkers of oxidative stress, immune response, and muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation on various biomarkers after exercise. NAC significantly reduced muscle soreness, lactate, IL-6, and TBARS concentrations, and increased GSH levels, indicating potential benefits for recovery and inflammation post-exercise.
Conditioning therapy with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, decitabine and modified BUCY regimen for myeloid malignancies patients prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Prospective RCT assessing conditioning therapy with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), decitabine, and modified BUCY regimen in myeloid malignancies patients prior to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Arm A (with NAC and decitabine) showed accelerated platelet recovery and lower relapse incidence compared to Arm B (mBUCY only). The study suggests the addition of NAC and decitabine is a promising conditioning therapy.
A multi-centre, double-blind, 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adjunctive N-Acetylcysteine for treatment-resistant PTSD.
A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of adjunctive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in treatment-resistant PTSD. No significant differences were found in PTSD symptoms between NAC and placebo groups at 12 weeks, but significant improvements in craving duration and resistance were observed at 64 weeks in favor of NAC.
Longitudinal metabolomics analysis reveals the acute effect of cysteine and NAC included in the combined metabolic activators.
Placebo-controlled study examining the acute effect of Combined Metabolic Activators (CMA) containing NAC or cysteine on metabolic pathways in 70 healthy volunteers. Metabolomics profiling showed high similarity in metabolic responses between CMA with nicotinamide and NAC or cysteine. CMA with cysteine was well-tolerated and safe.
N-Acetyl Cysteine as an Add-on Therapy is Useful in Treating Acute Lumbar Radiculopathy Caused by Disc Herniation: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.
RCT of 62 patients with acute lumbar radiculopathy due to disc herniation, comparing NAC as an adjunct to NSAIDs versus placebo. From week 4 to week 8, the NAC group showed a significantly greater reduction in pain severity and disability scores compared to placebo. More NAC-treated patients achieved significant symptom improvement.
Factorial analysis of N-acetylcysteine and propolis treatment effects on symptoms, life quality and exacerbations in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT assessing the efficacy and safety of orally administered N-acetylcysteine and propolis (NACp) in 120 COPD patients over 6 months. NACp treatment was found to be safe and beneficial for cough and expectoration symptoms, improving life quality and reducing acute exacerbation frequency.
Prophylactic NAC promoted hematopoietic reconstitution by improving endothelial cells after haploidentical HSCT: a phase 3, open-label randomized trial.
A phase 3, open-label randomized trial investigated the efficacy and tolerability of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) prophylaxis in reducing poor graft function (PGF) or prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia (PT) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The study found that NAC prophylaxis reduced the incidence of PGF and PT and improved bone marrow endothelial cells and CD34 cells, with no treatment-related deaths.
N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) augmentation in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A phase III, 20-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
A phase III, 20-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial investigated the safety and efficacy of adjunctive N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in 98 participants with OCD. The study found no evidence that NAC reduced OCD symptoms or improved secondary outcomes compared to placebo. NAC was well-tolerated with mild gastrointestinal adverse events.
Comparative Study to Evaluate the Effect of Low-Protein Diet Supplementation with Taurine and N-Acetylcysteine, N-Acetylcysteine and Pyridoxamine Dihydrochloride in Preventing the Progression of Chronic Renal Failure in Patients with Non-Diabetic Kidney Disease.
This randomized, open-label, controlled study evaluated the effect of N-acetylcysteine in combination with taurine and pyridoxamine on the progression of chronic renal failure in non-diabetic patients. The study found that the combination of N-acetylcysteine and pyridoxamine significantly improved eGFR compared to control, suggesting a positive effect on kidney health.
Baseline serum amino acid levels predict treatment response to augmentation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a bipolar disorder randomised trial.
This study is a secondary analysis of a 16-week, multi-site, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial investigating N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a treatment for bipolar disorder. Participants received either NAC 2000 mg/day or placebo. The study found that baseline serum amino acid levels could predict treatment response, with lower levels of certain amino acids associated with better response to NAC.
The effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the volume of uterine leiomyoma: A randomized clinical trial.
RCT conducted in Semnan, Iran, to investigate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on uterine leiomyoma volume. 50 women with leiomyoma were randomized to receive NAC or placebo for 12 weeks. NAC group showed a significant reduction in leiomyoma volume compared to placebo.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in the Management of Anti-tuberculosis Drug-Induced Liver Injury.
RCT assessing intravenous NAC in 102 hospitalized adults with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury. NAC did not shorten time to ALT <100 U/L but significantly reduced length of hospital stay. Adverse reactions led to early infusion stoppage in some participants.
An update on the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 56 RCTs evaluating anti-inflammatory agents for schizophrenia symptoms. Significant efficacy was found for aspirin, estrogens, minocycline, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), with larger effects in first-episode psychosis or early-phase schizophrenia.
The beneficial effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against obesity associated complications: A systematic review of pre-clinical studies.
Systematic review of pre-clinical studies assessing the therapeutic effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against obesity-associated complications. The review supports NAC's ameliorative effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, and insulin sensitivity in in vitro and in vivo models.
Comparison of the efficacy between NAC and metformin in treating PCOS patients: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and metformin in treating PCOS patients. NAC significantly reduced BMI and total testosterone, but showed no significant difference in pregnancy rate, serum LH level, fasting insulin, and LH/FSH ratio compared to metformin.
Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies Examining the Efficacy and Safety of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and N-Acetylcysteine Amide (NACA) in Traumatic Brain Injury: Impact on Neurofunctional Outcome and Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Systematic review of human and animal studies examining the efficacy and safety of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The review found improvement in functional outcomes and reduction in biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in animal studies, with limited human trials showing positive effects.
A Systematic Review on the Protective Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine Against Diabetes-Associated Cardiovascular Complications.
Systematic review of studies on the cardioprotective potential of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications. Most studies support NAC's ameliorative potential against oxidative stress and cardiac damage in diabetic patients. The review highlights the need for consistent dose selection and further research on NAC's comparative effects with glucose-lowering therapies.
Strategies Preventing Contrast-Induced Nephropathy After Coronary Angiography: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of 125 Randomized Controlled Trials.
This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the effects of hydration, supplementations (N-acetylcysteine and vitamin C), and some drugs on contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) after coronary angiography. The analysis found beneficial effects of sodium bicarbonate, N-acetylcysteine, and vitamin C in reducing the incidence of CIN.
Impact of antioxidant supplementations on cardio-renal protection in cardiac surgery: an updated and comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.
This meta-analysis and systematic review evaluated the impact of antioxidant supplements like NAC, vitamin C, and PUFA on perioperative outcomes after cardiac surgery. NAC, vitamin C, and PUFA were associated with reduced incidence of atrial fibrillation, while NAC also significantly reduced acute kidney injury and overall mortality.
What Future Role Might N-Acetyl-Cysteine Have in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive and Grooming Disorders?: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of methodologically robust literature on the efficacy of n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) for obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders in adults and children. Four randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled studies were identified, but results remain inconclusive. NAC may be useful on an individual level due to its benign side-effect profile, but larger trials are needed to determine clinical effectiveness.
Pharmacologic Neuroprotection for Functional Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Literature.
Systematic review of clinical studies from 2013 to 2015 evaluating neuroprotective functional outcomes of pharmacological agents after TBI. N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and other agents showed possible neuroprotective properties and improved functional outcomes in some studies.
Effect of oral N-acetyl cysteine on recurrent preterm labor following treatment for bacterial vaginosis.
RCT of 280 pregnant women with previous preterm birth and bacterial vaginosis, comparing NAC plus 17-OHPC to placebo plus 17-OHPC. NAC group had a higher gestational age at delivery and reduced recurrence of preterm birth.
Oral or intravenous N-acetylcysteine: which is the treatment of choice for acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning?
Meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of intravenous versus oral N-acetylcysteine in treating acetaminophen poisoning. The study found similar outcomes for hepatotoxicity between the two administration routes, with intravenous N-acetylcysteine being preferable due to shorter hospital stays and convenience.
N-Acetylcysteine is associated with changes in functional connectivity in patients with Parkinson's disease.
RCT assessing the effects of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on functional connectivity in Parkinson's disease patients. NAC was associated with significant changes in functional connectivity between basal ganglia structures and other brain regions, correlating with improvements in Parkinson's symptoms.
N-acetylcysteine nano-spray versus conventional treatment in the management of radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis in oral cancer patients: a randomized clinical trial.
RCT comparing N-acetylcysteine nano-spray to conventional therapy in 40 oral cancer patients with radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis. NAC nano-spray significantly reduced mucositis severity and improved quality of life compared to control, with increased serum gastrin-17 levels.
Administration of N-acetylcysteine influence the expression of apoptotic genes in the granulosa cells of infertile women diagnosed with endometriosis.
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), as well as the expression of apoptotic genes in granulosa cells of infertile women with endometriosis. NAC treatment increased serum SOD and TAC levels, decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Bax and Caspase-3, and increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2.
Correlation of plasma lipidomic profiles with cardiometabolic disease in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients with six-month N-acetylcysteine intervention: A prospective cohort study.
Prospective cohort study of 62 Thai transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients evaluating the effect of a six-month N-acetylcysteine (NAC) intervention. NAC treatment significantly altered plasma lipidomic profiles and improved heart rate variability, suggesting a potential cardioprotective effect.
The Effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) on Neurometabolites and Cognitive Function in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Preliminary Randomized Controlled Trial.
Preliminary RCT examining the effect of N-acetylcysteine on brain neurometabolite levels and cognitive function in 23 adults with alcohol use disorder. No significant differences were found between the N-acetylcysteine and placebo groups in neurometabolite concentrations or cognitive scores.
Safety and tolerability of topiramate and N-acetyl cysteine combination in individuals with alcohol use disorder: a 12 week, randomized, double-blind, pilot study.
A 12-week, double-blind randomized trial assessed the effects of combining N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) with topiramate (TPM) versus TPM alone in individuals with alcohol use disorder. The study found no significant difference in cognitive adverse events or alcohol consumption between the treatment arms. However, the TPM+NAC group showed higher levels of automaticity of drinking and interference due to drinking compared to the TPM+Placebo group.
Effect of N-acetyl cysteine in children with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease-A pilot study.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) in 13 children with obesity and biopsy-confirmed MASLD over 16 weeks. NAC treatment improved markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and liver outcomes, but did not affect body weight or composition.
N acetylcysteine in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
A 28-day double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD) with 42 participants. The study found no significant differences in treatment retention or primary clinical outcomes between NAC and placebo, though there was a significant time x treatment effect on standard drinks per drinking day. NAC was found to be feasible and safe, suggesting the need for a larger trial with a longer treatment duration to determine efficacy.
N-acetylcysteine does not alter neurometabolite levels in non-treatment seeking adolescents who use alcohol heavily: A preliminary randomized clinical trial.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects crossover preliminary investigation measured changes in neurometabolite levels in the dACC using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy during 10-days of N-acetylcysteine compared to placebo in non-treatment seeking adolescents who use alcohol heavily. No significant differences in Glx, GABA, or glutathione levels were found, nor were there measurable effects on alcohol use.
[Efficacy of intratympanic infiltration of N-acetyl cysteine in cisplatin ototoxicity].
Open, longitudinal, prospective, randomized clinical trial in cancer patients treated with cisplatin to evaluate the efficacy of intratympanic NAC infiltration for preventing and treating ototoxicity. Out of 22 patients, 11 received NAC infiltration and 11 were controls. Results showed that NAC infiltration may reduce the risk of hearing loss progression compared to controls.
Evaluation of the Effects of Atorvastatin and N-Acetyl Cysteine on Platelet Counts in Patients with Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia: An Exploratory Clinical Trial.
Exploratory clinical trial evaluating the combination of atorvastatin and N-acetyl cysteine in increasing platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia resistant to steroid therapy. The study included 15 patients, with a global response rate of 60%. Significant increases in platelet counts were observed in the responder group.
Effect of MetioNac® in patients with metabolic syndrome who are at risk of metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT evaluating the effect of MetioNac supplementation in patients with metabolic syndrome at risk of MAFLD. The supplement led to significant reductions in triglycerides, VLDL-c, total cholesterol, LDL-c, and glucose levels, and increased HDL-c levels compared to the control group. Weight loss was observed in both groups.
N-Acetylcysteine effects on glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: A preliminary MRS study.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled preliminary study of 40 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder receiving 2400 mg NAC daily or placebo for eight weeks. NAC treatment was associated with increased glutathione and decreased glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex, but no effects on symptoms or cognition were observed.
Impact of N-Acetyl-Cysteine on Ischemic Stumps Following Major Lower Extremity Amputation: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial.
Pilot RCT evaluating the impact of intravenous N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) on amputation stump perfusion and healing in patients with critical limb-threatening ischemia. NAC administration showed improved stump perfusion and healing in high-risk patients with perfusion defects, compared to placebo.
A metabolomic analysis of thiol response for standard and modified N-acetyl cysteine treatment regimens in patients with acetaminophen overdose.
This study evaluated the redox thiol response and acetaminophen metabolites in patients with acetaminophen overdose treated with either a 20.25-hour standard or 12-hour modified N-acetylcysteine regimen. The modified regimen resulted in a significant elevation of plasma NAC and cysteine concentrations at 12 hours post-infusion, suggesting greater antioxidant efficacy.
A pilot study of oxidative pathways in MS fatigue: randomized trial of N-acetyl cysteine.
Pilot RCT assessing feasibility, tolerability, and safety of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for fatigue in progressive MS. NAC was well-tolerated, but reduction in fatigue was similar to placebo. Antioxidant biomarkers were not significantly altered by NAC.
Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Single and Multiple Doses of Oral N-Acetylcysteine in Healthy Chinese and Caucasian Volunteers: An Open-Label, Phase I Clinical Study.
Open-label, phase I clinical study evaluating the pharmacokinetics and safety of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in 15 Chinese and 15 Caucasian healthy volunteers. Pharmacokinetic characteristics were similar between the two groups, with NAC showing a rapid increase in plasma concentration and a favorable tolerability profile.
Effects of N-acetylcysteine on Pulmonary Functions in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: A Randomized Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study.
This randomized double-blind clinical trial assessed the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on pulmonary function in 25 patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis. The study found no significant differences in plethysmography parameters between the NAC and placebo groups over 24 weeks, indicating NAC had no effect on pulmonary function.
Randomized controlled trial of N-acetylcysteine versus l-carnitine among women with clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome.
RCT comparing N-acetylcysteine and l-carnitine in women with clomiphene-citrate-resistant PCOS. Both substances improved pregnancy and ovulation rates, but N-acetylcysteine was superior in improving insulin resistance, while l-carnitine improved lipid profile.
N-acetyl cysteine versus chlorhexidine mouthwashes in prevention and treatment of experimental gingivitis: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwashes in prevention and treatment of experimental gingivitis in 60 subjects. NAC showed slight preventive properties and marginal effectiveness in treatment, while CHX was more effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis.
Safety and efficacy of adding intravenous N-acetylcysteine to parenteral L-alanyl-L-glutamine in hospitalized patients undergoing surgery of the colon: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT investigating the efficacy and tolerability of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent in 60 patients undergoing colon surgery. NAC administration was safe, but its efficacy was not statistically significant, requiring further investigation.
Clinical Trial Assessment of Intermittent and Continuous Infusion Dose of N-Acetylcysteine on Redox Status of the Body in Patients with Sepsis Admitted to the ICU.
A randomized clinical trial assessed the antioxidative effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in 60 critically ill sepsis patients, comparing intermittent and continuous infusion regimens. NAC increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde levels in both infusion groups compared to placebo, with no significant difference between the infusion methods.
N-acetylcysteine versus chlorhexidine in treatment of aphthous ulcers: a preliminary clinical trial.
This preliminary clinical trial compared the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) to chlorhexidine in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in 58 patients. NAC showed a greater reduction in pain associated with RAS compared to chlorhexidine, although there were no significant differences in ulcer size change or healing time.
Effects of N-acetyl-cysteine supplementation on sperm quality, chromatin integrity and level of oxidative stress in infertile men.
RCT of 50 infertile men with asthenoteratozoospermia receiving 600mg/day N-acetyl-cysteine for 3 months. NAC supplementation improved sperm count, motility, morphology, DNA integrity, and hormonal profile, with increased testosterone and decreased FSH and LH levels. Oxidative stress markers showed increased total antioxidant capacity and decreased malondialdehyde.
Effects of 12-month, double-blind N-acetyl cysteine on symptoms, cognition and brain morphology in early phase schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
A 52-week double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the effects of N-acetyl cysteine (3600mg/day) on symptoms and cognition in early phase schizophrenia spectrum disorders. NAC significantly improved PANSS total, negative, and disorganized thought symptom scores but failed to improve PANSS positive symptoms and BACS cognitive scores. NAC did not significantly impact brain morphology over the study period.
Efficacy of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and N-Acetylcysteine Therapies in Patients With Severe Alcoholic Hepatitis.
RCT comparing standard medical therapy with pentoxifylline to G-CSF and NAC in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis. G-CSF improved liver function and survival times, but adding NAC showed no additional benefit.
Mediator effects of parameters of inflammation and neurogenesis from a N-acetyl cysteine clinical-trial for bipolar depression.
This study is a secondary analysis of a placebo-controlled randomized trial exploring the effects of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment on markers of inflammation and neurogenesis in bipolar depression. The study found no significant changes in levels of BDNF, TNF-α, CRP, IL-6, IL-8, or IL-10, and no mediation or moderation effects of these biological factors on clinical parameters.
Therapeutic effect of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial.
This 12-week double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effectiveness of 1200mg N-acetyl cysteine as an adjunctive treatment with conventional antipsychotic medications in 84 patients with chronic schizophrenia. NAC-treated patients showed significant improvement in positive and negative PANSS subscales, as well as cognitive functions such as attention, memory, and executive functioning.
Prospective study to compare antibiosis versus the association of N-acetylcysteine, D-mannose and Morinda citrifolia fruit extract in preventing urinary tract infections in patients submitted to urodynamic investigation.
Prospective RCT comparing the administration of D-mannose, N-acetylcysteine, and Morinda citrifolia extract versus antibiotic therapy in preventing UTIs in patients undergoing urodynamic examination. No significant difference in UTI incidence was found between the two groups, suggesting these nutraceuticals may be a viable alternative to antibiotics for UTI prophylaxis.
N-acetylcysteine as a single therapy for sudden deafness.
RCT comparing N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a single therapy to corticosteroids and plasma expander in 70 patients with sudden deafness. Group A (NAC) showed significantly greater mean hearing gain and improved rate of hearing compared to Group B.
N-Acetylcysteine improves oocyte and embryo quality in polycystic ovary syndrome patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection: an alternative to metformin.
A prospective randomized placebo-controlled pilot study on 60 Iranian women with PCOS undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The study compared the effects of metformin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and their combination on oocyte and embryo quality. NAC improved oocyte and embryo quality, decreased malondialdehyde and leptin levels, and could be an alternative to metformin.
N-Acetyl Cysteine May Support Dopamine Neurons in Parkinson's Disease: Preliminary Clinical and Cell Line Data.
This study assessed the effects of n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) in Parkinson's disease using both in vitro and in vivo approaches. NAC exposure increased survival of dopamine neurons in cell cultures and improved dopamine transporter binding and clinical symptoms in PD patients, suggesting potential protective effects.
The adjuvant effect of metformin and N-acetylcysteine to clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
RCT of 120 women with PCOS comparing clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, CC plus NAC, and CC plus metformin. NAC as an adjuvant to CC improved ovulation and pregnancy rates with beneficial impacts on endometrial thickness.
A comparison between the effects of metformin and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on some metabolic and endocrine characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Randomized double-blind clinical trial comparing N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and metformin in women with PCOS over 24 weeks. NAC improved lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, and fasting blood insulin better than metformin.
Recent advances in congenital ichthyoses.
The review provides an update on molecular and clinical findings in congenital ichthyosis, highlighting recent advances in understanding genetic causes and emerging treatments. N-acetylcysteine has been added to the therapeutic options, and topical enzyme replacement therapy is a promising alternative for TG1-deficient individuals.