Research
MCT Oil (Medium-Chain Triglycerides)
94 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides combined with docosahexaenoic acid improves cognitive function in Chinese older adults with mild cognitive impairment: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of MCT and DHA supplementation, alone or in combination, on cognitive function in 280 older adults with mild cognitive impairment over 12 months. The study found significant improvements in cognitive function, mitochondrial function, and serum total ketone body levels, with the combined intervention being more beneficial than MCT or DHA alone.
Efficacy and Safety of Exogenous Ketones in People with Mild Neurocognitive Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Literature Review.
Systematic review of 13 trials investigating the efficacy and safety of exogenous ketones, including MCTs and coconut oil, on cognitive function in patients with mild neurocognitive disorder and Alzheimer's disease. Improvements in cognitive abilities were observed, but heterogeneity between studies limits firm conclusions.
Ketone therapy improves cardiac function and structure in rodents with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis assessed the effects of ketone intervention on cardiac function and structure in rodents with heart failure. Ketone therapy significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction, cardiac output, and ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis in HF rodents. However, it worsened myocardial fibrosis in non-HF rodents and had no significant effect on cardiac function.
AMPA Receptor Modulation Through Medium-Chain Triglycerides and Decanoic Acid Supports Nutritional Intervention in Pediatric Epilepsy.
Systematic review exploring the role of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), particularly decanoic acid, as an add-on to ketogenic diets and in free diets for managing pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. MCTs are shown to negatively modulate AMPA receptors, positively impacting seizure outcomes.
The impact of medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and metabolic health in individuals with overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on weight loss and glucolipid metabolism in individuals with overweight and obesity. The findings suggest that diets enriched with pure MCTs are more effective in achieving weight reduction and improving metabolic parameters compared to long-chain fatty acids (LCTs) enriched diets.
The Effects of Medium Chain Triglyceride for Alzheimer's Disease Related Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 studies on the effects of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease. Meta-analysis showed cognitive improvements in general, particularly among APOEε4 (-) subjects, but not in specific domains like memory, language, and attention.
Medium-Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Content of Adult Enteral Tube Feeding Formulas and Clinical Outcomes. A Systematic Review.
Systematic review assessing the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in enteral tube feeding formulas on clinical outcomes. The review found a lack of robust evidence supporting specific lipid types in formulas, but noted that MCT-containing formulas are safe and well-tolerated. Calls for further well-designed RCTs to assess the superiority of MCT-containing formulas.
Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil and Blood Lipids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials assessing the effects of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil on blood lipids. MCT oil did not affect total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol levels, but caused a small increase in triglycerides.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of medium-chain triglycerides effects on acute satiety and food intake.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on energy intake, subjective appetite ratings, and appetite-related hormones compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCT). The analysis included 17 studies with 291 participants, showing a statistically significant moderate decrease in energy intake after MCT ingestion compared to LCT, despite little effect on appetite ratings or hormones.
Medium Chain Triglycerides induce mild ketosis and may improve cognition in Alzheimer's disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effect of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) on ketone levels and cognitive performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. MCTs were found to elevate beta-hydroxybutyrate levels and showed a trend towards cognitive improvement, significantly improving cognition on a combined measure.
Effects of medium-chain triglycerides on weight loss and body composition: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 13 randomized controlled trials with 749 participants comparing medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) to long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) on weight loss and body composition. MCTs were found to decrease body weight, waist and hip circumference, total body fat, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat compared to LCTs, with no differences in blood lipid levels.
Safety and efficacy of a new parenteral lipid emulsion (SMOF) for surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of six RCTs with 306 postoperative patients comparing SMOFlipid20% to other lipid emulsions. SMOFlipid20% was associated with lower hepatic enzyme levels, suggesting less toxicity, and lower changes in LDL triglyceride and C-reactive protein levels compared to Lipoven20%. No significant differences in adverse events or hospital stay length were found.
Improvements in quality-of-life dimensions through medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: updated findings from a randomised clinical trial.
RCT of 61 rheumatoid arthritis patients assessing the impact of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on quality of life, morning stiffness, and pain. MCT supplementation significantly improved mental and physical health-related scores, reduced morning stiffness and pain intensity, and increased motivation compared to control.
A randomized safety and feasibility crossover trial of two Mediterranean-ketogenic interventions in individuals with Parkinson's disease.
This randomized crossover trial assessed the feasibility, safety, and exploratory efficacy of two ketogenic interventions using a Mediterranean diet base in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The study involved 52 participants, with 41 completing at least one intervention phase. The interventions were a high-fat, low-carbohydrate Mediterranean diet and a standard Mediterranean diet supplemented with medium chain triglycerides (MCT). Preliminary benefits in patient-reported motor experiences were observed with the MCT-supplemented diet, despite ketosis not being reliably achieved.
Medium-Chain Triglyceride Dietary Supplements Reduce Glucose Metabolism of Gait-Related Skeletal Muscle in Older Adults: A LongitudinalF-FDG PET/CT Analysis.
RCT analyzing the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on gait-related skeletal muscles in 63 healthy older adults. MCT supplementation for 3 months decreased glucose metabolism and increased muscle density in the psoas and vastus medialis muscles, suggesting improved balance functions during walking.
Comparison of the Effect of Omega-3 vs. MCT Supplementation on Iron-Related Indices in Patients Undergoing Dialysis.
Interventional trial comparing the effects of omega-3 and MCT oil supplementation on iron-related indices in 120 CKD patients undergoing dialysis. MCT oil significantly increased serum iron levels compared to omega-3, with no effect on TIBC, Hb, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Assessing If Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Moderate-Intensity Exercise Increase Muscle Strength in Healthy Middle-Aged and Older Adults.
A randomized, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of 12 weeks of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) intake and walking on muscle mass and function in healthy, sedentary, middle-aged and older adults. Knee extension strength increased in all groups, with MCT intake groups showing significantly higher increases than the control group. Grip strength significantly increased in the MCT 6 g/day intake group.
Impact of medium-chain triglycerides on gait performance and brain metabolic network in healthy older adults: a double-blind, randomized controlled study.
Double-blind RCT of 63 healthy older adults comparing 18g/day MCT oil to placebo over 3 months. MCT supplementation improved walking balance and was associated with suppressed glucose metabolism in the right sensorimotor cortex and increased functional connectivity from the ipsilateral cerebellar hemisphere.
Modeling digestion, absorption, and ketogenesis after administration of tricaprilin formulations to humans.
The study developed a physiologically-based biopharmaceutics model to simulate in vivo processes following the administration of tricaprilin, a medium-chain triglyceride used for Alzheimer's disease management. The model was validated using data from a phase I clinical trial, highlighting factors influencing plasma ketone levels and ketogenesis.
Efficacy of supplemental MCT oil on seizure reduction of adult drug-resistant epilepsy - a single-center open-label pilot study.
Open-label pilot study assessing the efficacy of MCT oil supplementation on seizure reduction in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy. Results showed a 42% reduction in seizure rate, with minor GI side effects reported. Urinary ketones were present in most subjects.
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) Increase Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Score in Frail Elderly Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT involving 64 elderly nursing home residents to assess the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cognition. MCT supplementation increased the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score by 3.5 points at the 3-month intervention, suggesting improved cognition in frail elderly individuals.
Effect of Ingestion of Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Substrate Oxidation during Aerobic Exercise Could Depend on Sex Difference in Middle-Aged Sedentary Persons.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 3-arm crossover trial examining the effects of octanoate-rich and decanoate-rich MCTs on fat oxidation during aerobic exercise in middle-aged sedentary persons. The study found sex differences in substrate oxidation, with increased fat oxidation in males after C8R diet and increased carbohydrate oxidation in females after C10R diet.
Dietary medium-chain triacylglycerols versus long-chain triacylglycerols for body composition in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing the effect of replacing dietary long-chain triacylglycerols with medium-chain triacylglycerols on body composition in adults. The analysis found significant reductions in body weight, body fat, and waist circumference with MCT intake, though the evidence quality was low to moderate.
Influence of medium-chain triglycerides on consumption and weight gain in rats: a systematic review.
Systematic review of studies on medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) in rats, examining effects on food intake and weight gain. Seven out of twelve studies showed decreased weight gain, and four out of twelve showed decreased food consumption. Strong evidence suggests MCTs can reduce consumption and weight gain, though long-term effects may vary.
Influence of the dietary intake of medium chain triglycerides on body composition, energy expenditure and satiety: a systematic review.
Systematic review of controlled clinical studies on medium chain triglycerides (MCT) examining their effects on body composition, energy expenditure, and satiety. Results were mixed, with some studies showing weight loss and increased energy expenditure, but overall conclusions were inconclusive.
Effect of glucose on medium chain triglyceride induced ketosis in healthy adults in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
This randomized, controlled, double-blind crossover study investigated the effect of increasing glucose doses on C8-MCT-induced ketone body synthesis in 11 healthy young women. C8-MCT significantly increased βHB concentrations at low and medium glucose doses compared with control, but not at the highest glucose dose. Ketone body synthesis declined with rising glucose intake.
Efficacy evaluation of medium-chain triglycerides supplementation on acute severe encephalopathy.
A double-blind, randomized trial assessed the effects of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation in 46 patients with acute severe encephalopathy. MCT supplementation significantly reduced poor neurologic outcomes at 180 days, shortened coma duration, mechanical ventilation time, ICU stay, and lowered hospital costs. Mortality reduction was not statistically significant.
MCT-modified ketogenic diet as an adjunct to standard treatment regimen could alleviate clinical symptoms in women with endometriosis.
This 12-week randomized controlled trial studied the effects of an MCT-modified ketogenic diet as an adjunct to standard treatment in 50 women with endometriosis. The diet significantly reduced dyspareunia and dyschezia compared to the control group, with a marginal reduction in pelvic pain.
Both a single dose and a 4-week daily regimen of medium-chain triglycerides boost certain aspects of cognitive function in young adults: A randomized controlled trial.
RCT comparing the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT) on cognitive function in young adults. A single dose of MCT improved inhibitory control, while a 4-week daily regimen enhanced working memory compared to LCT.
Developmental outcomes after soybean oil vs mixed-oil intravenous lipid emulsions in neonates: A secondary analysis of a clinical trial.
This study is a secondary analysis of a clinical trial comparing soybean oil lipid emulsion to a mixed-oil lipid emulsion in neonates with intestinal failure. The follow-up at 3 years showed no difference in neurodevelopmental outcomes between the two groups.
Effect of medium-chain triglycerides and whey protein isolate preloads on glycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a randomized crossover study.
Randomized crossover study in 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes examining the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and whey protein isolate (WPI) preloads on glycaemia. MCT and MCT + WPI preloads lowered postprandial glycaemia and 24-hour glycaemic variability, with associated increases in circulating β-hydroxybutyrate, PYY, and GIP, and reduced appetite.
A randomized feasibility trial of medium chain triglyceride-supplemented ketogenic diet in people with Parkinson's disease.
This randomized feasibility trial evaluated the acceptability and effects of a medium chain triglyceride-supplemented ketogenic diet in Parkinson's disease patients. The diet was found to be feasible and acceptable, with reduced nonmotor symptom severity at week 3, though no significant differences were observed in mobility or cognitive tests compared to a standard diet.
Medium chain triglycerides with a C8:C10 ratio of 30:70 enhances cognitive performance and mitigates the cognitive decline associated with prolonged exercise in young and healthy adults.
RCT investigating the effects of medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cognitive performance in young and healthy adults. MCT supplementation enhanced cognitive performance before exercise and mitigated cognitive decline associated with prolonged exercise.
Medium-chain triglycerides reduce diarrhea with improved immune status and gut microbiomics in tunnel workers in China.
RCT involving 45 tunnel workers comparing MCT-milk to placebo milk over 12 weeks. MCT consumption significantly reduced diarrhea incidence, improved serum immune profiles, and altered gut microbiota composition.
Effects of Timing of Medium-Chain Triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) Supplementation during the Day on Muscle Mass, Function and Cognition in Frail Elderly Adults.
RCT of 40 elderly nursing home residents comparing 6 g/day MCT supplementation at breakfast versus dinnertime over 1.5 months. MCT supplementation increased muscle mass, function, and cognition in frail elderly adults, with no significant difference between timing groups.
Minimal Effects of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Supplementation on the Intestinal Microbiome Composition of Premature Infants: A Single-Center Pilot Study.
Pilot study on the effects of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation on the intestinal microbiome of preterm infants. MCT supplementation did not significantly alter microbiota diversity or composition, nor did it enrich for potential pathogens like Enterobacteriaceae.
Efficacy of medium-chain triglyceride oil massage on growth in preterm infants: a randomized controlled trial: A CONSORT-compliant article.
RCT evaluating the effect of MCT oil massage on growth in preterm infants. The study found that weight gain in the MCT oil massage group was greater than in the no massage group by the 4th day and greater than both other groups from the 5th to 7th day. No significant differences were found in head circumference and height.
An fMRI Investigation into the Effects of Ketogenic Medium-Chain Triglycerides on Cognitive Function in Elderly Adults: A Pilot Study.
This pilot study used fMRI to investigate the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) on cognitive function in 20 elderly adults. The MCT meal improved performance on executive function tasks, particularly in those with reduced grey matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and was associated with decreased BOLD signals, suggesting ketone bodies as an extra energy source.
Medium-chain triglycerides dietary supplement improves cognitive abilities in canine epilepsy.
A 6-month multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled cross-over diet trial evaluated the effects of MCT oil supplementation on cognitive abilities in dogs with epilepsy. MCT oil significantly improved spatial-working memory, problem-solving ability, and owner-reported trainability compared to a control oil.
Medium-chain triglycerides (8:0 and 10:0) are promising nutrients for sarcopenia: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT involving 64 elderly nursing home residents to assess the effects of MCT supplementation on muscle strength, function, and activities of daily living. The MCT group showed significant improvements in muscle strength, function, and ADL compared to the LCT control group.
Effects of medium chain triglycerides on body fat distribution and adipocytokine levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under chemotherapy.
RCT investigating the effects of high-proportion medium chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation on body fat distribution and adipocytokine levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia under chemotherapy. The study found that waist circumference increased in the control group but not in the MCT group by day 46, suggesting MCT may help reduce centripetal adipose distribution induced by glucocorticoids.
Efficacy of a Therapeutic Diet on Dogs With Signs of Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS): A Prospective Double Blinded Placebo Controlled Clinical Study
Prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical study evaluating the effects of diets with MCTs and BPB on cognitive dysfunction syndrome in senior dogs. The 6.5% MCT diet significantly improved all 6 categories of CDS signs over 90 days, supporting the benefits of MCT and BPB in managing CDS symptoms.
A randomized controlled pilot study to evaluate the effect of an enteral formulation designed to improve gastrointestinal tolerance in the critically ill patient-the SPIRIT trial.
This randomized controlled pilot study evaluated the effect of Peptamen AF, an enteral formulation rich in proteins, medium chain triglycerides, and fish oil, on gastrointestinal tolerance in critically ill patients. The study found no significant difference in diarrhea incidence or other gastrointestinal outcomes between the intervention and control groups.
Fat-Modified Enteral Formula Improves Feeding Tolerance in Critically Ill Patients: A Multicenter, Single-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial.
This multicenter, single-blind RCT evaluated the effect of a fat-modified enteral formula containing MCT, carnitine, and taurine on feeding tolerance in 144 critically ill ICU patients. The interventional group showed improved feeding tolerance compared to the control group, with reduced incidence of feeding intolerance and abdominal distension.
The effect of massage with medium-chain triglyceride oil on weight gain in premature neonates.
This randomized clinical trial investigated the effect of medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil via massage therapy on weight gain in 121 premature neonates in the NICU. The oil-massage group showed significantly greater weight gain compared to the massage alone and control groups, suggesting that MCT oil massage therapy can accelerate weight gain in premature neonates.
Parenteral MCT/ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid-Enriched Intravenous Fat Emulsion Is Associated With Cytokine and Fatty Acid Profiles Consistent With Attenuated Inflammatory Response in Preterm Neonates: A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
Double-blind randomized study of 60 preterm neonates comparing MCT/omega-3 PUFA-enriched IVFE to soybean oil-based IVFE. The intervention group showed lower IL-6 and IL-8 levels, indicating an attenuated inflammatory response, and higher levels of alpha-tocopherol and omega-3 PUFAs.
Short-term use of parenteral nutrition with a lipid emulsion containing a mixture of soybean oil, olive oil, medium-chain triglycerides, and fish oil: a randomized double-blind study in preterm infants.
Double-blind, controlled study in 53 preterm neonates comparing a lipid emulsion containing MCTs, soybean, olive, and fish oils to a soybean oil emulsion. The test emulsion was safe, well tolerated, and beneficially influenced the fatty acid profile, with higher eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels and a lower n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio.
Safety and efficacy of a lipid emulsion containing a mixture of soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil: a randomised, double-blind clinical trial in premature infants requiring parenteral nutrition.
RCT evaluating the safety and efficacy of SMOFlipid, a lipid emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil, in premature infants requiring parenteral nutrition. The study found SMOFlipid to be safe and well-tolerated, with potential benefits on cholestasis, n-3 fatty acid, and vitamin E status.
Lack of toxicity by medium chain triglycerides (MCT) in canines during a 90-day feeding study.
A 90-day feeding study in beagles tested the safety of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% added to conventional feed. No signs of toxicity were observed, although some animals showed increased blood urea nitrogen, potassium, and cholesterol levels at higher MCT levels. These changes were not deemed pathological. Palatability issues were noted at the 15% MCT level.
Value of VLCD supplementation with medium chain triglycerides.
RCT of obese women on a very low calorie diet (VLCD) comparing MCT to LCT supplementation. The MCT group showed greater body weight and fat loss, higher ketone body concentration, lower nitrogen excretion, and reduced hunger feelings during the first 2 weeks. Effects declined in the third and fourth weeks, suggesting metabolic adaptation.
Food Intake and Satiety Response after Medium-Chain Triglycerides Ingested as Solid or Liquid.
RCT with 29 participants comparing the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and long-chain triglycerides (LCT) in solid and liquid forms on energy intake and gastric emptying. MCT in liquid form reduced subsequent energy intake and delayed gastric emptying more than LCT, without affecting appetite sensations.
Dietary Supplementation With Medium-Chain Triglycerides Reduces Candida Gastrointestinal Colonization in Preterm Infants.
RCT studying the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation on Candida colonization in preterm infants. MCT supplementation significantly reduced fungal burden during the supplementation period compared to before and after supplementation.
A phase II, open-label clinical trial on the combination therapy with medium-chain triglycerides and ghrelin in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Phase II open-label clinical trial investigating the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and ghrelin in underweight COPD patients. MCT treatment increased endogenous acyl ghrelin, and the combination with ghrelin improved peak oxygen uptake, attributed to improved cardiac function and oxygen delivery.
A short-term intervention combining aerobic exercise with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is more ketogenic than either MCT or aerobic exercise alone: a comparison of normoglycemic and prediabetic older women.
This study investigated the effects of a 5-day aerobic exercise program combined with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) supplementation on plasma ketone levels in older women. The combination of MCT and aerobic exercise induced the highest plasma ketone response in normoglycemic women, while both MCT alone and the combination were more effective than control or exercise alone in prediabetic women.
Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Leucine and Vitamin D Benefit Cognition in Frail Elderly Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT of 38 elderly nursing home residents testing combined supplementation of medium-chain triglycerides, L-leucine, and cholecalciferol over 3 months. The LD+MCT group showed significant improvements in cognitive function as measured by MMSE and NM scale scores, compared to LD+LCT and control groups.
Medium-Chain Triglycerides in Combination with Leucine and Vitamin D Increase Muscle Strength and Function in Frail Elderly Adults in a Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT involving 38 elderly nursing home residents to assess the effects of a supplement containing medium-chain triglycerides, leucine, and cholecalciferol on muscle strength and function. The LD + MCT group showed significant improvements in grip strength, walking speed, leg test performance, and peak expiratory flow compared to the control group.
Medium-chain triglycerides and conjugated linoleic acids in beverage form increase satiety and reduce food intake in humans.
RCT with 19 healthy participants comparing the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and a control oil on satiety and energy intake. Both CLA and MCT increased satiety and reduced energy intake compared to the control, suggesting a potential role in maintaining energy balance.
Impact of medium and long chain triglycerides consumption on appetite and food intake in overweight men.
Two randomized crossover studies in overweight men examined the effects of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) versus long chain triglycerides (LCT) on appetite and food intake. MCT consumption reduced food intake at a test meal compared to LCT, with associated changes in hormone levels, though these changes did not mediate the reduction in food intake.
Dietary medium-chain triglyceride supplementation has no effect on apolipoprotein B-48 and apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in insulin-resistant men.
This double-blind randomized crossover study compared the impact of 4 weeks of supplementation with 20 g MCT oil per day versus 20 g corn oil per day on the kinetics of apolipoprotein B-48-containing TRLs and apo B-100-containing VLDL in 28 obese, insulin-resistant men. MCT supplements had no significant effect on plasma lipoprotein profile or TRL apo B-48 and VLDL apo B-100 kinetics compared to corn oil.
Protein sparing during general anesthesia with a propofol solution containing medium-chain triglycerides for gastrectomy: comparison with sevoflurane anesthesia.
RCT comparing endocrine-metabolic responses and protein catabolism during gastrectomy in patients receiving sevoflurane or propofol anesthesia with remifentanil. The propofol group, which included medium-chain triglycerides, exhibited a lower 3-MH/Cr ratio and respiratory quotient, suggesting protein sparing through the utilization of medium-chain triglycerides as a fuel source.
A new intravenous fat emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil: a single-center, double-blind randomized study on efficacy and safety in pediatric patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.
This single-center, double-blind randomized study assessed the efficacy and safety of SMOFlipid 20%, an intravenous lipid emulsion containing soybean oil, medium-chain triglycerides, olive oil, and fish oil, in 28 pediatric patients receiving home parenteral nutrition. SMOFlipid 20% was found to be safe and well tolerated, decreased plasma bilirubin, and increased omega-3 fatty acid and alpha-tocopherol status without changing lipid peroxidation.
Weight-loss diet that includes consumption of medium-chain triacylglycerol oil leads to a greater rate of weight and fat mass loss than does olive oil.
RCT of 49 overweight men and women comparing 18-24 g/d of MCT oil to olive oil as part of a weight-loss program for 16 weeks. MCT oil consumption resulted in greater weight and fat mass loss compared to olive oil.
Medium chain triglyceride oil consumption as part of a weight loss diet does not lead to an adverse metabolic profile when compared to olive oil.
RCT of 31 men and women comparing the effects of medium chain triglyceride oil versus olive oil as part of a weight loss diet on metabolic risk profile. The study found no adverse effects on metabolic risk factors from MCT oil consumption compared to olive oil.
Structured medium and long chain triglycerides show short-term increases in fat oxidation, but no changes in adiposity in men.
A 6-week single-blind crossover study in 23 overweight men compared the effects of structured medium and long chain triglycerides to extra virgin olive oil on energy expenditure, substrate oxidation, and body adiposity. The study found short-term increases in fat oxidation with structured oil but no significant changes in body weight or adiposity.
Diet supplemented with MCT oil in the management of childhood diarrhea.
This double-blind randomized study investigated the effect of MCT oil supplementation on the duration and episodes of diarrhea in 17 children with acute diarrhea. The study found a trend towards shorter duration of intervention and significant weight gain in the MCT group compared to the non-MCT group, although the limited sample size precludes definitive conclusions.
Effects of exchange of dietary medium chain triglycerides for long-chain triglycerides on serum biochemical variables and subjectively assessed well-being of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
RCT examining the effects of diets with varying MCT content on serum biochemical variables and subjective well-being in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. High MCT content increased serum cholesterol and certain fat-soluble vitamins but did not affect subjective well-being.
Effect of medium-chain triglycerides on the postprandial triglyceride concentration in healthy men.
This study compared serum lipid concentrations after a single dose of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) or long-chain triglycerides (LCT) in 25 healthy males. The LCT diet resulted in greater increases in triglyceride levels in individuals with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 compared to those with BMI < 23 kg/m2. The response to MCT was significantly lower than LCT in the higher BMI group, suggesting MCT may be preferable for maintaining lower postprandial triglyceride levels.
Medium-chain triglycerides increase energy expenditure and decrease adiposity in overweight men.
Crossover RCT with 24 overweight men comparing diets rich in medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) versus long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) over 28 days. MCT consumption led to greater loss of upper body adipose tissue and increased energy expenditure compared to LCTs, suggesting potential benefits for weight management.
Consumption of a functional oil rich in phytosterols and medium-chain triglyceride oil improves plasma lipid profiles in men.
RCT with 24 healthy overweight men comparing the effects of a functional oil rich in MCT oil, phytosterols, and flaxseed oil (FctO) to olive oil (OL) on plasma lipid profiles. FctO consumption decreased total cholesterol by 12.5% and LDL cholesterol by 13.9%, and increased peak LDL particle size compared to OL, suggesting improved lipid profiles and potential cardiovascular benefits.
Nitrogen sparing effect of structured triglycerides containing both medium-and long-chain fatty acids in critically ill patients; a double blind randomized controlled trial.
Double blind RCT comparing structured triglycerides (ST) to long chain triglycerides (LCT) in 30 ICU patients with sepsis or multiple injury. ST emulsion improved nitrogen balance over 3 days compared to LCT, with no significant differences in energy expenditure or side effects.
Effect of exercise and medium-chain fatty acids on postprandial lipemia.
The study evaluated the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) with and without exercise on postprandial lipemia in 25 young men and women. The partial substitution of MCT oil did not affect the postprandial lipemia response, but it was significantly lower after the MCT + exercise trial. LPL activity increased after all trials, while HL was lower only in the MCT + exercise trial.
Chronic medium-chain triacylglycerol consumption and endurance performance in trained runners.
RCT with 12 trained male endurance runners assessing the effects of chronic MCT consumption on endurance performance. Results showed no significant differences in VO2max, endurance time, or metabolic markers between MCT and LCT trials, indicating no enhancement in endurance or performance-related metabolism.
Comparison of the efficacy of medium chain triglycerides with long chain triglycerides in total parenteral nutrition in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.
This randomized study compared the efficacy of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) plus long chain triglycerides (LCT) with LCT alone in total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions for patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The study found no significant difference in engraftment duration and coagulation parameters between the groups, but the LCT alone group had significantly shorter median days of febrile neutropenia and antibiotic administration.
Endogenous fat oxidation during medium chain versus long chain triglyceride feeding in healthy women.
Randomized cross-over study comparing the effects of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) versus long chain triglycerides (LCT) on fat oxidation in 12 healthy women. MCT feeding increased endogenous oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids, suggesting a potential role in body weight control.
Effect of carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglyceride ingestion on cycling time trial performance.
This study examined the effects of ingesting carbohydrate or carbohydrate plus medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on cycling performance in eight endurance-trained men. Both carbohydrate and carbohydrate + MCT ingestion improved cycling time trial performance compared to a sweet placebo, but the addition of MCT did not provide further performance enhancement.
Structured triglycerides were well tolerated and induced increased whole body fat oxidation compared with long-chain triglycerides in postoperative patients.
RCT evaluating structured triglycerides versus long-chain triglycerides in postoperative patients. Structured triglycerides were well tolerated, rapidly oxidized, and associated with increased whole body fat oxidation compared to LCT, without promoting ketosis.
[The role of oils containing triacylglycerols and medium-chain fatty acids in the dietary treatment of obesity. The effect on resting energy expenditure and serum lipids].
RCT involving 60 obese patients testing the effect of oils containing medium-chain triglycerides on resting energy expenditure and serum lipids during a low-energy diet. Administration of MCT oil prevented the decline in resting energy expenditure and did not affect the significant drop in total cholesterol achieved by diet alone.
Gastrointestinal tolerance, fat absorption, plasma ketone and urinary dicarboxylic acid levels in low-birth-weight infants fed different amounts of medium-chain triglycerides in formula.
RCT evaluating the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) in formula for low-birth-weight infants on gastrointestinal tolerance, fat absorption, plasma ketone levels, and urinary dicarboxylic acid excretion. No differences in growth, formula intake, or fat absorption were found, but higher plasma 3HB and urinary DCAs were associated with higher MCT levels.
Urinary organic acid excretion during feeding of medium-chain or long-chain triglyceride diets in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
The study characterized urinary organic acid excretion in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during 4 days of an LCT or MCT diet. Urinary excretion of certain dicarboxylic acids and hydroxylation products was significantly increased during MCT feeding compared to LCT feeding.
Use of a lipid containing medium chain triglycerides in patients receiving TPN: a randomized prospective trial.
Randomized prospective trial comparing lipid emulsions containing long chain triglycerides (LCT) and a combination of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT in 60 patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The MCT/LCT emulsion was found to be as safe and effective as LCT, with no significant differences in metabolic parameters.
Human milk protein and medium-chain triglyceride oil supplementation of human milk: plasma amino acids in very low-birth-weight infants.
RCT of 51 very low-birth-weight infants comparing human milk with and without supplementation of human milk protein and/or medium-chain triglyceride oil. Human milk protein supplementation increased plasma amino acid concentrations, potentially aiding albumin synthesis. MCT oil had minimal influence on plasma amino acids.
Serum untargeted metabolomic changes in response to diet intervention in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease
A six-month dietary intervention in dogs with preclinical myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) using a cardiac protection blend (CPB) of nutrients, including medium chain triglycerides and fish oil, demonstrated efficacy in slowing MMVD progression. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 102 differential metabolites, with changes in omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios and increases in myocardial modulators and precursors of nitric oxide biosynthesis. The study supports CPB's role in improving fatty acid utilization, reducing oxidative stress, and inflammation in MMVD dogs.
A cross-over study of the effect of a single oral feeding of medium chain triglyceride oil vs. canola oil on post-ingestion plasma triglyceride levels in healthy men.
Single-blind, randomized, cross-over study of 20 healthy men comparing the effects of a single oral dose of 71 g of MCT oil versus canola oil on post-ingestion plasma triglyceride levels. MCT oil decreased triglyceride levels by 15% from baseline, while canola oil increased them by 47%.
Components of total energy expenditure in healthy young women are not affected after 14 days of feeding with medium-versus long-chain triglycerides.
RCT examining the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) vs. long-chain triglycerides (LCT) on total energy expenditure (TEE) in 12 healthy young women over a 2-week period. The study found no significant difference in TEE between the MCT and LCT diets, suggesting that any increases in energy expenditure from MCT may be short-lived.
Release of peptide YY and inhibition of gastric acid secretion by long-chain and medium-chain triglycerides but not by sucrose polyester in men.
The study investigated the effects of intraduodenal perfusion of long-chain and medium-chain triglycerides on the release of peptide YY in healthy men. Medium-chain triglycerides increased plasma peptide YY concentration, while long-chain triglycerides had a significantly greater effect. Sucrose polyester did not change peptide YY concentration. The study suggests that peptide YY may play a role in inhibiting gastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion.
Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and urinary catecholamines of humans consuming low-to-moderate amounts of medium-chain triglycerides: a dose-response study in a human respiratory chamber.
Dose-response study in a respiratory chamber with eight healthy young men to assess the effect of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on energy expenditure and urinary catecholamines. The study found that increasing the MCT:LCT ratio significantly increased 24-hour energy expenditure and urinary noradrenaline, suggesting MCT intake may enhance daily energy expenditure through sympathetic nervous system activation.
Medium-chain triglyceride absorption in patients with pancreatic insufficiency.
RCT evaluating the absorption of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. MCTs were absorbed better than long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) in the presence of pancreatic insufficiency, but required pancreatic extracts for optimal absorption. No advantage was found in replacing usual dietary fats with MCTs if pancreatic supplements are used.
Metabolic availability of medium-chain triglycerides coingested with carbohydrates during prolonged exercise.
The study examined the metabolic response to medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) ingestion with or without carbohydrates in eight well-trained athletes during prolonged exercise. Results showed that more MCTs are oxidized when ingested with carbohydrates, suggesting MCTs can serve as an energy source in addition to glucose during exercise.
Conversion of octanoic acid into long-chain saturated fatty acids in premature infants fed a formula containing medium-chain triglycerides.
The study investigated the nonoxidative metabolism of octanoic acid in six preterm infants fed a formula containing medium-chain triglycerides. Using [13C]-octanoate infusion and GC-IRMS, significant incorporation of dietary octanoic acid into plasma triglycerides was observed, with notable incorporation into myristic and palmitic acids.
Decreased glucose oxidation in preterm infants fed a formula containing medium-chain triglycerides.
RCT studying the impact of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) on glucose metabolism in 18 preterm infants. Infants were randomized to receive either an MCT or an LCT formula, and metabolic rate, substrate utilization, glucose kinetics, and oxidation were measured.
Thermogenesis in humans during overfeeding with medium-chain triglycerides.
This study tested the effects of overfeeding with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) versus long-chain triglycerides (LCT) on thermogenesis in ten male volunteers. The thermic effect of food (TEF) was greater with MCT than LCT, and energy expenditure was higher with the MCT diet, suggesting that MCT stimulates thermogenesis more than LCT.
Medium-chain triglycerides in parenteral nutrition in the newborn: a short-term clinical trial.
This short-term clinical trial studied the effects of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) in newborns requiring parenteral nutrition. The study compared an MCT/LCT emulsion to an LCT emulsion, finding that the MCT/LCT emulsion maintained plasma glucose and urea levels better. No adverse reactions were observed, and plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids increased more with the MCT/LCT emulsion but normalized within 12 hours.
Effects of medium chain triglycerides supplementation on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function: A feasibility study.
A 6-week clinical trial of MCT oil supplementation in 22 subjects without diabetes to assess effects on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. MCT was well tolerated, with no significant changes in insulin sensitivity or other metabolic parameters, except for a significant decrease in adiponectin levels.
Benefits of use, and tolerance of, medium-chain triglyceride medical food in the management of Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease: a prospective, open-label pilot study.
This prospective, open-label pilot study in Japan analyzed the use of medium-chain triglycerides (Axona) in 22 patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. The study found good tolerance of Axona, with no severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. While Axona did not improve cognitive function overall, some ApoE4-negative patients with a baseline MMSE score of ≥14 showed cognitive improvements.