Research

Mangosteen

22 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

1
Meta-analyses
2
Systematic reviews
18
RCTs
1
Other studies
Meta-analyses (5%)
Systematic reviews (9%)
RCTs (82%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2026·Acta medica Indonesiana·Yosef Purwoko, K Heri Nugroho, Siti Setiati, et al

Effects of Garcinia mangostana Peel Extract on Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of Human Studies.

Systematic reviewNutrition

Systematic review of human studies evaluating the effects of mangosteen peel extract on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Limited evidence suggests potential improvements in insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose, but conclusions are constrained by small sample sizes and variability in extract formulations.

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2025·Planta medica·Hin Yee Thew, Yong Chiang Tan, Yong Sze Ong, et al

A Systematic Review of Neuroprotective Effects of Mangosteen and its Xanthones Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Systematic reviewBrain Health Inflammation

This systematic review examines the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of mangosteen and its xanthones, highlighting their neuroprotective potential against neurodegenerative conditions. The review included 40 studies and found that mangosteen extracts consistently reduced oxidative markers and pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting neuroprotective capabilities.

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2025·Journal of complementary & integrative medicine·Konathala S V Ramesh, Koruprolu Ramalaxmi, Naga V S G Sruthima, et al

Efficacy of mangosteen as local drug delivery for improving periodontal health in adults with periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-analysisInflammation

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of mangosteen as a local drug delivery for improving periodontal health in adults with periodontitis. The analysis showed significant reductions in periodontal pocket depth and clinical attachment level in the mangosteen-treated group, suggesting substantial clinical benefits for periodontal health.

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2025·The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science·Olivia M Dean, Susan M Cotton, Melanie M Ashton, et al

The efficacy of adjunctiveLinn. (mangosteen) pericarp extract for bipolar depression: 24-week randomised controlled trial.

RCTn = 152Mood

This 28-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated mangosteen pericarp extract as an adjunct to treatment-as-usual for bipolar depression. The study found limited efficacy for mood and functional symptoms, with greater improvements in mood symptoms and social functioning at 24 weeks compared to baseline, but these differences were not sustained at 28 weeks post-discontinuation.

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2021·Nutrients·Jin-Young Park, Kyung-A Ko, Ji-Yeong Lee, et al

Clinical and Immunological Efficacy of Mangosteen and Propolis Extracted Complex in Patients with Gingivitis: A Multi-Centered Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 104Inflammation

RCT of 104 patients with gingivitis or incipient periodontitis comparing daily intake of mangosteen and propolis extracts (MAEC) to placebo for eight weeks. The test group showed significant improvements in modified gingival index, reduced crevicular IL-6, and increased salivary MMP-9, indicating reduced gingival inflammation.

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2020·Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie·Alyna Turner, Andrea Baker, Olivia M Dean, et al

AdjunctiveLinn. (Mangosteen) Pericarp for Schizophrenia: A 24-Week Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Efficacy Trial: Péricarpe d'appoint Garcinia mangostana Linn (mangoustan) pour la schizophrénie : un essai d'efficacité de 24 semaines, à double insu, randomisé et contrôlé par placebo.

RCTn = 148Mental Clarity -

A 24-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of adjunctive mangosteen pericarp (1,000 mg/day) in treating schizophrenia. The study involved 148 participants, with no significant differences found between the mangosteen and placebo groups in symptom improvement, functioning, or quality of life measures.

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2022·Dental and medical problems·Vinayaka Ambujakshi Manjunatha, Gayathri Gunjiganur Vemanaradhya, Triveni Mavinakote Gowda

Clinical and antioxidant efficacy of 4% mangosteen gel as a local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A placebo-controlled, split-mouth trial.

RCTn = 25Inflammation

A placebo-controlled, split-mouth trial evaluated the efficacy of 4% mangosteen gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in 25 patients with chronic periodontitis. The experimental group showed significant improvements in clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid antioxidant capacity compared to the control group.

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2019·The Journal of dermatological treatment·Ji Hoon Yang, Eun Ju Hwang, Jungyoon Moon, et al

Clinical efficacy of herbal extracts in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris: an 8-week, double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

RCTn = 60Skin Hair Health

RCT of 60 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris comparing herbal extracts containing mangosteen to a vehicle for 8 weeks. The herbal extracts group showed significant decreases in both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesion counts, as well as decreased expressions of IL-1α, IL-8, and keratin 16. No serious adverse events were reported.

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2017·Journal of investigative and clinical dentistry·Jaideep Mahendra, Little Mahendra, Priyadharshini Svedha, et al

Clinical and microbiological efficacy of 4% Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp gel as local drug delivery in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized, controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 50Inflammation

RCT assessing the efficacy of 4% Garcinia mangostana gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing in 50 periodontitis patients. The mangostana gel group showed significant improvements in periodontal status and reduction in red complex microorganisms compared to placebo.

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2016·Lipids in health and disease·Venkateshwarlu Kudiganti, Raveendra Ramamurthy Kodur, Sushma Raveendra Kodur, et al

Efficacy and tolerability of Meratrim for weight management: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in healthy overweight human subjects.

RCTn = 60Physique Heart Health

RCT of 60 overweight participants comparing 400 mg Meratrim twice daily to placebo for 16 weeks. Meratrim group showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, waist and hip size, and improvements in serum LDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol compared to placebo. No adverse events were noted.

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2013·Journal of medicinal food·Judith S Stern, Jan Peerson, Artatrana T Mishra, et al

Efficacy and tolerability of an herbal formulation for weight management.

RCTn = 100Physique Nutrition

Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessed the effects of an herbal formulation containing Sphaeranthus indicus and Garcinia mangostana on weight management in 100 subjects with BMI 30-40 kg/m². The herbal group showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, and improvements in serum adiponectin, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels compared to placebo after 8 weeks.

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2013·Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)·J S Stern, J Peerson, A T Mishra, et al

Efficacy and tolerability of a novel herbal formulation for weight management.

RCTn = 60Physique

RCT of 60 subjects with BMI between 30 and 40 kg/m(2) comparing 400 mg herbal capsules containing Sphaeranthus indicus and Garcinia mangostana to placebo. The herbal group showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference, and an increase in serum adiponectin concentration over 8 weeks.

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2009·Journal of medicinal food·Yu-Ping Tang, Peng-Gao Li, Miwako Kondo, et al

Effect of a mangosteen dietary supplement on human immune function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 59Immunity Nutrition

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested the effect of a mangosteen product containing multivitamins and essential minerals on immune function and well-being in 59 healthy adults. The mangosteen product increased peripheral T-helper cell frequency, reduced serum C-reactive protein, and improved self-reported health status compared to placebo.

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2009·Journal of agricultural and food chemistry·Miwako Kondo, Liliang Zhang, Hongping Ji, et al

Bioavailability and antioxidant effects of a xanthone-rich Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) product in humans.

RCTInflammation

This study investigated the absorption and antioxidant effects of a xanthone-rich mangosteen liquid in healthy human volunteers after acute consumption. Results showed that alpha-mangostin and vitamins B(2) and B(5) were bioavailable, with increased antioxidant capacity measured by the ORAC assay, demonstrating the bioavailability and in vivo antioxidant effects of the mangosteen product.

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2008·Complementary therapies in medicine·Supanee Rassameemasmaung, Anongporn Sirikulsathean, Cholticha Amornchat, et al

Topical application of Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp gel as an adjunct to periodontal treatment.

RCT

RCT evaluating the effects of Garcinia mangostana L. pericarp gel as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The test group receiving the GM gel showed significantly higher reduction in probing pocket depth, Gingival Index, and bleeding on probing compared to the control group at the 3rd month after treatment.

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2007·Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology·Supanee Rassameemasmaung, Anongporn Sirikulsathean, Cholticha Amornchat, et al

Effects of herbal mouthwash containing the pericarp extract of Garcinia mangostana L on halitosis, plaque and papillary bleeding index.

RCTn = 60

RCT of 60 subjects with mild or moderate chronic gingivitis comparing herbal mouthwash containing Garcinia mangostana pericarp extract to placebo. The herbal mouthwash significantly affected volatile sulfur compound levels, plaque index, and papillary bleeding index compared to baseline and placebo.

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2018·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Manikyeswara Rao Konda, K. V. Alluri, Prason Kumar Janardhanan, et al

Combined extracts of Garcinia mangostana fruit rind and Cinnamomum tamala leaf supplementation enhances muscle strength and endurance in resistance trained males

RCTn = 38Physical Performance Physique

A 42-day double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of GMCT, a supplement containing Garcinia mangostana and Cinnamomum tamala extracts, on muscle strength and endurance in resistance-trained males. The GMCT group showed significant improvements in 1-RM bench press, leg press, leg extension repetitions, arm circumference, and lean mass compared to placebo. No significant changes were observed in free testosterone, IGF-1, insulin, or lactate levels.

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2018·Nutrients·Mikiko Watanabe, Elena Gangitano, Davide Francomano, et al

Mangosteen Extract Shows a Potent Insulin Sensitizing Effect in Obese Female Patients: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

RCTn = 20Nutrition Inflammation

Prospective RCT evaluating mangosteen extract in obese female patients with insulin resistance. The mangosteen group showed significant improvement in insulin sensitivity and no side effects, suggesting a potential supplementary role in treating obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation.

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2016·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Chih-Wei Chang, Tzu-Zung Huang, Wen-Hsin Chang, et al

Acute Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) supplementation does not alleviate physical fatigue during exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.

RCTn = 12Physical Performance -

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 12 healthy adults evaluated the effect of acute mangosteen supplementation on physical fatigue during exercise. The study found no significant differences in fatigue-related parameters between the mangosteen and placebo treatments, except for a positive impact on the Profile of Mood States (POMS) examination.

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2012·The Journal of nutrition·Chureeporn Chitchumroonchokchai, Kenneth M Riedl, Sunit Suksumrarn, et al

Xanthones in mangosteen juice are absorbed and partially conjugated by healthy adults.

RCTn = 10

The study investigated the bioavailability of xanthones from 100% mangosteen juice in 10 healthy adults. Xanthones were absorbed and partially conjugated when ingested with a high-fat meal, with variations in serum and urine concentrations. The release of xanthones from pericarp particles during digestion was limited.

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2009·Nutrition journal·Jay K Udani, Betsy B Singh, Marilyn L Barrett, et al

Evaluation of Mangosteen juice blend on biomarkers of inflammation in obese subjects: a pilot, dose finding study.

RCTn = 44Inflammation

This 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of a proprietary Mangosteen Juice blend on inflammation markers in obese patients with elevated CRP levels. The highest dose group showed a significant reduction in CRP levels compared to placebo, although other inflammation markers did not show significant differences. The juice was administered safely with no reported side effects.

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2013·Nutrients·F. Gutierrez‐orozco, M. Failla

Biological Activities and Bioavailability of Mangosteen Xanthones: A Critical Review of the Current Evidence

Review

This narrative review critically addresses recent reports on the bioavailability and metabolism of mangosteen xanthones, updates in vitro and in vivo data on their anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, and suggests areas for further research on absorption, metabolism, and efficacy.

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