Research

Manganese

39 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

14
Meta-analyses
7
Systematic reviews
5
RCTs
13
Other studies
Meta-analyses (36%)
Systematic reviews (18%)
RCTs (13%)
Observational (8%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2025·The journal of nutrition, health & aging·Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik, Bo Yang, Andrea J Glenn, et al

Dietary manganese, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease: A UK Biobank cohort study and meta-analysis of over 270,000 individuals.

Meta-analysisn = 270,000Nutrition Heart Health -

This study examined the association of dietary manganese intake with type 2 diabetes incidence, total cardiovascular disease, and CVD mortality using data from the UK Biobank and a meta-analysis of prospective cohorts. The meta-analysis suggested a 4% reduction in T2D risk with each mg/day increase in Mn intake, though the UK Biobank analysis did not find significant associations with T2D or CVD risk.

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2024·International journal of environmental health research·Sehar Iqbal, Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad, Juweria Abid, et al

Manganese exposure and perinatal health: a systematic review of literature.

Systematic review

This systematic review summarizes the effect of maternal manganese exposure on perinatal health, including gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and low birth weight. The review found a non-significant relationship between maternal manganese exposure and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, with inconsistent results for preterm birth and low birth weight.

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2023·Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Yingmei Sun, Yu Zhang

Blood manganese level and gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 91,249Womens Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of six datasets from five observational studies involving 91,249 pregnant women. The analysis found that high blood manganese levels are associated with a higher risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), with an odds ratio of 1.31.

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2023·Biological trace element research·Aifang Wu, Jingna Li, Jing Yuan, et al

Association of Blood Manganese and Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 6,593Womens Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between blood manganese levels and preeclampsia during pregnancy. The analysis included 18 observational studies with 1113 women with preeclampsia and 5480 normotensive pregnant women, finding that women with preeclampsia had significantly lower blood manganese concentrations.

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2023·Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)·Thomas Vlasak, Tanja Dujlovic, Alfred Barth

Manganese exposure and cognitive performance: A meta-analytical approach.

Meta-analysisn = 1,980Mental Clarity

Meta-analysis of 18 studies with 75 effect sizes comparing 888 controls and 1092 workers exposed to manganese. Found significantly lower cognitive performance in processing speed, attention, working memory, reaction time, and visual attention in exposed workers. Indications of exposure-effect relationships between manganese exposure and cognitive functioning were discussed.

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2022·Nutrients·Martin Ming Him Wong, Kwan Yi Chan, Kenneth Lo

Manganese Exposure and Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysisHeart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between manganese exposure and metabolic syndrome risk. The analysis included nine cross-sectional and three case-control studies, finding no significant association between manganese levels from diet, serum, urine, and whole blood with metabolic syndrome risk, though some studies suggested a non-linear relationship.

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2021·International journal of environmental research and public health·Laura Ruiz-Azcona, Ignacio Fernández-Olmo, Andrea Expósito, et al

Impact of Environmental Airborne Manganese Exposure on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysisMental Clarity Physical Performance

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies on environmental airborne manganese exposure in adults. The analysis found a statistically significant negative correlation between manganese exposure and cognitive and motor functions, indicating that higher manganese levels are associated with poorer scores.

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2020·Environmental Health·Weiwei Liu, Yongjuan Xin, Qianwen Li, et al

Biomarkers of environmental manganese exposure and associations with childhood neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Meta-analysisn = 13,388Brain Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 55 studies with 13,388 subjects examining the effects of environmental manganese exposure on childhood neurodevelopment. Higher manganese exposure was associated with negative effects on cognitive and motor skills, particularly in children under 6 years. Hair manganese was identified as a reliable biomarker for exposure in children aged 6-18 years.

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2017·Nutrients·Ke Du, Mingyan Liu, Yanzhu Pan, et al

Association of Serum Manganese Levels with  Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment:  A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 2,090Brain Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies with 836 Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases and 1254 healthy controls. The analysis found significantly reduced serum manganese levels in AD patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting manganese deficiency may be a risk factor for AD.

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2016·Neurotoxicology·Brittany Milton, Daniel Krewski, Donald R Mattison, et al

Modeling U-shaped dose-response curves for manganese using categorical regression.

Systematic reviewn = 6,113

Systematic review and modeling study on manganese intake in rats, analyzing U-shaped dose-response curves for deficiency and excess. The optimal intake was estimated at 2.70mg/kgbw/day, with extremes of intake linked to a 90% probability of adverse events. The study highlights the need for human research and interspecies sensitivity adjustments.

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2014·PloS one·Shao-Jun Li, Li Jiang, Xue Fu, et al

Pallidal index as biomarker of manganese brain accumulation and associated with manganese levels in blood: a meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 281Brain Health

Meta-analysis evaluating the pallidal index (PI) as a biomarker for brain manganese accumulation in 281 occupationally Mn-exposed workers. The PI was significantly higher in the exposed group compared to controls, and a positive correlation between PI and blood manganese levels was observed.

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2013·Neurotoxicology·Monika Meyer-Baron, Michael Schäper, Guido Knapp, et al

The neurobehavioral impact of manganese: results and challenges obtained by a meta-analysis of individual participant data.

Meta-analysisn = 1,012Brain Health

Meta-analysis of individual participant data from eight studies examining neuropsychological performance in 579 occupationally exposed workers and 433 reference participants. Exposed individuals showed significantly lower cognitive and motor performance, with slowed motor responses and deficits in attention and short-term memory. Performance was related to blood manganese levels, though dose-response relationships were unclear.

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2009·Neurotoxicology·Monika Meyer-Baron, Guido Knapp, Michael Schäper, et al

Performance alterations associated with occupational exposure to manganese--a meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 1,773Physical Performance Brain Health

Meta-analysis of 13 studies examining the effects of occupational exposure to manganese on performance in 958 exposed and 815 unexposed workers. The analysis found a negative impact of manganese on cognitive and motor performance, with significant effects on motor speed and information processing speed. Larger effect sizes were associated with higher concentrations of inhalable manganese.

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2006·The Clinical neuropsychologist·Paul R Lees-Haley, Martin L Rohling, Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling

A meta-analysis of the neuropsychological effects of occupational exposure to manganese.

Meta-analysisn = 2,732

Meta-analysis of 25 samples from 20 studies examining cognitive, psychological, motor, and sensory/perceptual effects of occupational manganese exposure. The analysis included 1,410 exposed participants and 1,322 controls. A statistically significant but small effect size was found for manganese exposure, suggesting minimal detectable impact on neuropsychological measures.

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2024·Critical reviews in toxicology·Renata Sano Lini, Deborah Thais Palma Scanferla, Nadya Garcia de Oliveira, et al

Fungicides as a risk factor for the development of neurological diseases and disorders in humans: a systematic review.

Systematic reviewBrain Health

Systematic review of 13 articles on fungicides, particularly those containing manganese, and their association with neurological diseases. The review highlights potential links between exposure to fungicides like maneb and mancozeb and neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and cognitive disorders.

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2020·Neurologic clinics·Madeline C Aulisio, Amanda C Glueck, Michael R Dobbs, et al

Neurotoxicity and Chemoreception: A Systematic Review of Neurotoxicity Effects on Smell and Taste.

Systematic review

Systematic review exploring the association between neurotoxic exposures and chemoreceptive dysfunction, focusing on olfactory and gustatory deficits. Moderately strong evidence was found for an association between manganese dust exposure and olfactory deficits, while evidence for other chemicals and composites remains limited or mixed.

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2020·Cell research·Mengze Lv, Meixia Chen, Rui Zhang, et al

Manganese is critical for antitumor immune responses via cGAS-STING and improves the efficacy of clinical immunotherapy.

RCTImmunity

The study investigates the role of manganese in enhancing antitumor immune responses via the cGAS-STING pathway. Manganese was found to be essential for innate immune sensing of tumors and improved adaptive immune responses, leading to reduced tumor growth and metastasis in mice. A phase 1 clinical trial combining manganese with anti-PD-1 antibody showed promising efficacy in patients with advanced metastatic solid tumors.

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2019·Neurotoxicology·P. U. Iyare

The effects of manganese exposure from drinking water on school-age children: A systematic review.

Systematic reviewBrain Health

Systematic review of 21 studies on the effects of manganese exposure from drinking water on school-age children, focusing on cognitive, neurodevelopment, and behavioural effects. Most studies reported adverse cognitive effects, with some indicating poorer neurobehavioural performances and sex-specific associations.

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2019·Medicine·Xiu-Bing Chen, Yue-Hui Wei, Xiu-Ke Chen, et al

Manganese levels and hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on Asian cohort.

Meta-analysis

Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between manganese levels and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Asian cohorts. Serum and tissue manganese levels were significantly lower in HCC patients compared to controls, suggesting an inverse association.

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2017·Neuroscience letters·Ke Du, Ming-Yan Liu, Yan-Zhu Pan, et al

Association of circulating manganese levels with Parkinson's disease: A meta-analysis.

Meta-analysis

Meta-analysis evaluating the association of circulating manganese levels with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The study found significantly increased serum manganese levels in PD patients, suggesting elevated manganese as a potential risk factor for PD. No significant differences were observed in cerebrospinal fluid manganese levels between PD patients and healthy controls.

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2009·Gastroenterology·Gil Hardy

Manganese in parenteral nutrition: who, when, and why should we supplement?

Systematic reviewn = 108

The paper reviews the role of manganese in parenteral nutrition, highlighting the potential for manganese toxicity due to excessive doses and contamination in PN products. It suggests that routine manganese supplementation may be unnecessary for pediatric or long-term PN patients due to the risk of neurotoxicity and recommends more frequent monitoring for brain accumulation.

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2006·Brain research reviews·Rodrigo E Gonzalez-Reyes, Angela M Gutierrez-Alvarez, Carlos B Moreno

Manganese and epilepsy: a systematic review of the literature.

Systematic review

Systematic review of literature examining the relationship between manganese levels and convulsions in humans and animals. The review found a correlation between low blood manganese levels and the presence of convulsions, but no clear explanation for this relationship.

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2001·Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)·T F Fok, K K Chui, R Cheung, et al

Manganese intake and cholestatic jaundice in neonates receiving parenteral nutrition: a randomized controlled study.

RCTn = 244Nutrition

RCT of 244 neonates receiving parenteral nutrition, randomized to high or low manganese supplementation. The high manganese group showed significantly higher whole-blood manganese and serum direct bilirubin concentrations, indicating a potential negative impact on nutrition-related cholestasis.

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2025·Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Jason B Sauberan, Anup C Katheria

Manganese restriction in parenteral nutrition for preterm neonates: A pilot randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 26

Pilot RCT testing the feasibility and safety of not adding supplemental manganese to parenteral nutrition for preterm neonates compared to standard manganese supplementation. Whole blood manganese levels and growth outcomes were not significantly different between the groups.

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2017·Biological trace element research·Jacob K Kresovich, Catherine M Bulka, Brian T Joyce, et al

The Inflammatory Potential of Dietary Manganese in a Cohort of Elderly Men.

Cohort studyn = 633Inflammation

Cohort study examining the association between dietary manganese intake and inflammatory biomarkers in 633 elderly men. Higher estimated dietary manganese intake was associated with increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, as well as changes in DNA methylation of genes involved in inflammation.

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2004·Acta veterinaria Hungarica·Erzsébet Berta, Emese Andrásofszky, A Bersényi, et al

Effect of inorganic and organic manganese supplementation on the performance and tissue manganese content of broiler chicks.

RCTn = 50

RCT evaluating the effects of dietary manganese supplementation in inorganic (MnO) and organic (Mn fumarate) forms on broiler chicks. The study found no significant effects on body weight, feed/gain ratio, or mortality rate. Tissue analysis showed increased manganese accumulation in the tibia, liver, and kidney with higher supplementation levels.

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2016·Journal of the American Academy of Audiology·Eveling Rojas-Roncancio, Richard Tyler, Hyung-Jin Jun, et al

Manganese and Lipoflavonoid Plus(®) to Treat Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 40

RCT with 40 participants testing manganese and Lipoflavonoid Plus for tinnitus treatment. The study found no conclusive evidence that either manganese or Lipoflavonoid Plus is effective for treating tinnitus.

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2021·Nature nanotechnology·Xiaoqi Sun, Yu Zhang, Jiaqian Li, et al

Amplifying STING Activation by Cyclic Dinucleotide-Manganese Particles for Local and Systemic Cancer Metalloimmunotherapy

Animal study

The study demonstrates a prototype of cancer metalloimmunotherapy using cyclic dinucleotide STING agonists and Mn2+. Mn2+ was found to augment STING agonist activity, promoting a potentiation effect across human STING haplotypes. The Mn2+ coordinated with CDN STING agonists to form nanoparticles that delivered STING agonists to immune cells, initiating robust anti-tumour immunity in murine tumour models.

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2010·Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology·Antonio C Farias, Alexandre Cunha, Cássia R Benko, et al

Manganese in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: relationship with methylphenidate exposure.

ObservationalMental Clarity

The study assessed children with ADHD and reported elevated serum concentrations of manganese in treatment-naïve children compared to controls. Children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate showed no difference in manganese levels versus controls, and manganese concentrations were significantly reduced following methylphenidate exposure.

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2009·Plant Physiology·Søren Husted, K. H. Laursen, C. Hebbern, et al

Manganese Deficiency Leads to Genotype-Specific Changes in Fluorescence Induction Kinetics and State Transitions1[C][OA]

Study

The study investigates the effects of manganese deficiency on barley genotypes with differing manganese efficiency. It finds that manganese deficiency leads to a decline in quantum yield efficiency and damages to photosystem II, particularly in the manganese-inefficient genotype. The study also notes significant reductions in state transitions and PSII reaction centers under manganese deficiency.

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2023·EFSA Journal·Dominique Turck, T. Bohn, Jacqueline Castenmiller, et al

Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for manganese

Review

The EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens conducted systematic reviews to assess evidence regarding excess manganese intake and its neurotoxicity. A safe intake level of 8 mg/day for adults was established, but data were insufficient to define a tolerable upper intake level.

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2022·Frontiers in Pharmacology·E. Pajarillo, Ivan Nyarko-Danquah, Alexis Digman, et al

Mechanisms of manganese-induced neurotoxicity and the pursuit of neurotherapeutic strategies

Review

This review discusses the mechanisms of manganese-induced neurotoxicity and explores potential therapeutic strategies, including natural and synthetic compounds, to treat manganese toxicity. It highlights molecular targets and intracellular proteins involved in manganese-induced dysregulation and reviews newer therapeutic approaches modulating excitotoxicity, autophagy, and mitophagy.

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2019·PLoS ONE·S. Frisbie, Erika J. Mitchell, Stéphane Roudeau, et al

Manganese levels in infant formula and young child nutritional beverages in the United States and France: Comparison to breast milk and regulations

Studyn = 44

The study measured manganese concentrations in 44 infant formulas and young child nutritional beverages from the US and France using ion beam analysis. The manganese levels ranged from 160–2,800 μg/L, higher than the mean concentration in human breast milk. While all products met minimum manganese content standards, 7 out of 25 US products exceeded the CAC Guidance Upper Level for infant formula.

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2019·Nanoscale·Namrata Singh, Mohammed Azharuddin Savanur, S. Srivastava, et al

A manganese oxide nanozyme prevents the oxidative damage of biomolecules without affecting the endogenous antioxidant system.

In vitroInflammation

The study investigates manganese(ii,iii) oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4) as multienzyme mimics that protect cells from oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The nanoparticles prevent protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage without altering the endogenous antioxidant system, suggesting potential in managing oxidative stress-related conditions.

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2019·Molecular nutrition & food research·B. Sachse, Anna Elena Kolbaum, R. Ziegenhagen, et al

Dietary Manganese Exposure in the Adult Population in Germany - What Does it Mean in Relation to Health Risks?

Review

The paper reviews dietary manganese intake in the German population, finding an average intake of 2.8 mg/day, which is within recommended levels. It discusses the potential health risks of manganese, noting no adverse effects at current intake levels but highlighting potential risks from highly bioavailable sources like supplements.

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2018·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Longman Li, Xiaobo Yang

The Essential Element Manganese, Oxidative Stress, and Metabolic Diseases: Links and Interactions

Review

This narrative review explores the role of manganese in the prevention and development of metabolic diseases. It discusses manganese's involvement in enzyme activation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and its role in scavenging reactive oxygen species through Mn superoxide dismutase. The review highlights the association of manganese deficiency and intoxication with adverse metabolic and neuropsychiatric effects, and the unclear relationship between manganese and metabolic diseases.

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2018·Frontiers in bioscience·Pan Chen, J. Bornhorst, M. Aschner

Manganese metabolism in humans.

Review

Narrative review discussing manganese (Mn) metabolism in humans, its role as a cofactor for various enzymes, and its critical functions in development, digestion, reproduction, and more. The paper also addresses Mn toxicity, its neurotoxic effects, and the molecular mechanisms involved, as well as recent progress in understanding Mn absorption, distribution, and elimination.

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2013·BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology·M. Sidoryk-Węgrzynowicz, M. Aschner

Role of astrocytes in manganese mediated neurotoxicity

ReviewBrain Health

This narrative review discusses the role of astrocytes in manganese-mediated neurotoxicity, highlighting the disruption of neurotransmitter cycles and its association with neuropathological conditions.

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1997·Environmental research·R Lucchini, E Bergamaschi, A Smargiassi, et al

Motor function, olfactory threshold, and hematological indices in manganese-exposed ferroalloy workers.

Cross-sectionaln = 35Brain Health Immunity

Cross-sectional study of 35 male ferroalloy workers exposed to manganese oxides, assessing neurologic impairment. Manganese levels in blood and urine were higher in exposed workers, with lower psychomotor function scores and higher white blood cell counts compared to controls. Increased manganese body burden was associated with impaired motor functions and potential immunological interference.

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