Research

Magnesium Citrate

70 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

1
Meta-analyses
0
Systematic reviews
65
RCTs
4
Other studies
Meta-analyses (1%)
RCTs (93%)
Observational (3%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2020·BMC pregnancy and childbirth·Carla Adriane Leal de Araújo, Joel Geoffrey Ray, José Natal Figueiroa, et al

BRAzil magnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a double-masked randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy.

RCTn = 829

This double-masked randomized clinical trial compared oral magnesium citrate 300 mg to placebo in preventing adverse perinatal and maternal outcomes among high-risk pregnant women. The study found no significant reduction in adverse outcomes with magnesium supplementation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·Scientific Reports·Shih-Ya Hung, Hong-Chang Chen, W. Chen

A Randomized Trial Comparing the Bowel Cleansing Efficacy of Sodium Picosulfate/Magnesium Citrate and Polyethylene Glycol/Bisacodyl (The Bowklean Study)

RCTn = 631

This randomized trial compared the bowel cleansing efficacy, safety, tolerability, and acceptability of a small-volume sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate preparation (Bowklean) with a polyethylene glycol/bisacodyl preparation (Klean-Prep/Dulcolax) in 631 outpatients scheduled for colonoscopy. Bowklean was found to be non-inferior in overall colon cleansing and had significantly better preparation quality, tolerability, and acceptability.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2020·BMC pregnancy and childbirth·Carla Adriane Leal de Araújo, Larissa de Sousa Oliveira, Isabela Melo Buarque de Gusmão, et al

Magnesium supplementation and preeclampsia in low-income pregnant women - a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

RCTn = 318Womens Health -

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of oral magnesium citrate supplementation on preeclampsia incidence in low-income Brazilian pregnant women. The study found that oral magnesium supplementation did not reduce preeclampsia incidence in this population.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·Endoscopy·Małgorzata Pisera, Robert Franczyk, Paulina Wieszczy, et al

The impact of low- versus standard-volume bowel preparation on participation in primary screening colonoscopy: a randomized health services study.

RCTn = 13,497

This randomized health services study compared low-volume bowel preparation with sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate to standard-volume preparation with polyethylene glycol in a colonoscopy screening program. The low-volume preparation did not improve participation or lesion detection rates and negatively affected bowel preparation quality.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2018·The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·Alejandro Gonzalez Garay, Daniel Molano Franco, Víctor H Nieto Estrada, et al

Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs.

Meta-analysisn = 334

This Cochrane Review assessed the effectiveness of less commonly used pharmacological interventions, including magnesium citrate, for preventing high altitude illness. The review included eight studies with 334 participants. The evidence for magnesium citrate showed no significant reduction in acute mountain sickness compared to placebo, with an increased risk of loose stools.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2014·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth·J. Alves, Carla Adriane Leal de Araújo, I. A. Pontes, et al

The BRAzil MAGnesium (BRAMAG) trial: a randomized clinical trial of oral magnesium supplementation in pregnancy for the prevention of preterm birth and perinatal and maternal morbidity

RCTn = 3,000Womens Health

The BRAMAG trial is a multicenter, randomized double-blind clinical trial evaluating oral magnesium citrate supplementation in 3000 pregnant women at higher risk for placental dysfunction. The study aims to assess whether magnesium citrate reduces the risk of preterm birth and associated maternal and perinatal morbidity.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2025·The International journal of oral & maxillofacial implants·Harshitha Rajanna, Kirti Chaudhry, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, et al

Efficacy of Oral Magnesium on Bone Regeneration and Implant Stability in Immediate Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 54Joint Bone Health

RCT of 54 patients assessing the impact of oral magnesium citrate on bone regeneration and implant stability in immediate dental implants. Magnesium citrate supplementation enhanced implant stability, improved radiodensity, reduced horizontal and vertical bone gaps, and showed significant analgesic potential.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2024·Magnesium research·Maryam Taheri, Saba Jalali, Nasrin Borumandnia, et al

Effect of magnesium oxide or citrate supplements on metabolic risk factors in kidney stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria: a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 76

RCT comparing magnesium oxide and magnesium citrate supplements to placebo in 90 calcium stone formers with idiopathic hyperoxaluria. Both supplements decreased 24-hour urine oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate supersaturation index, with magnesium citrate showing a statistically significant effect.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease·N. Halawa, T. Elsaid, L. E. El Wakeel, et al

Impact of magnesium supplementation on clinical outcome and disease progression of patients with diabetic nephropathy: a prospective randomized trial

RCTn = 60Heart Health Hormone Health

Prospective randomized trial assessing oral magnesium citrate supplementation in 60 diabetic nephropathy patients. Magnesium citrate improved urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, lipid profile, serum osteocalcin levels, and quality of life compared to control, with no major side effects.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2023·Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society·Giovanni Di Nardo, Enrico Felici, Letizia Zenzeri, et al

Split-dose versus day-before regimen of sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children: Randomized controlled trial.

RCT

RCT comparing split-dose versus day-before regimen of sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy in children. The split-dose regimen was superior in terms of successful colon cleansing and acceptability.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Trials·E. A. Vermeulen, Coby Eelderink, T. Hoekstra, et al

Reversal Of Arterial Disease by modulating Magnesium and Phosphate (ROADMAP-study): rationale and design of a randomized controlled trial assessing the effects of magnesium citrate supplementation and phosphate-binding therapy on arterial stiffness in moderate chronic kidney disease

RCTn = 180Heart Health

This RCT investigates the effects of 24 weeks of oral magnesium citrate supplementation, with or without phosphate-binding therapy, on arterial stiffness and calcification propensity in patients with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease. The primary outcome is the change in arterial stiffness measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2022·Journal of the American Heart Association·Joëlle C Schutten, Peter J Joris, Iris Groendijk, et al

Effects of Magnesium Citrate, Magnesium Oxide, and Magnesium Sulfate Supplementation on Arterial Stiffness: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Intervention Trial.

RCTn = 164Heart Health -

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium sulfate supplementation on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in overweight and slightly obese subjects over 24 weeks. None of the magnesium formulations significantly affected carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity or blood pressure compared to placebo. Magnesium citrate increased plasma and urine magnesium levels more than the other formulations.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·Clinical oral investigations·Daniel Jerkovic, Antonija Tadin, Lidia Gavic, et al

Effect of orally administered magnesium on postoperative pain level and trismus after surgical removal of the lower third molars: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 80Inflammation Joint Bone Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effect of orally administered magnesium citrate on postoperative pain and trismus after surgical removal of the lower third molars in 80 participants. The study found that magnesium significantly reduced pain intensity and improved mouth opening ability compared to placebo at 24, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2018·Diseases of the colon and rectum·Elisabeth M H Mathus-Vliegen, Karin van der Vliet, Inge J Wignand-van der Storm, et al

Efficacy and Safety of Sodium Picosulfate/Magnesium Citrate for Bowel Preparation in a Physically Disabled Outpatient Population: A Randomized, Endoscopist-Blinded Comparison With Ascorbic Acid-Enriched Polyethylene Glycol Solution Plus Bisacodyl (The PICO-MOVI Study).

RCTn = 341

RCT comparing sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate with ascorbic acid-enriched polyethylene glycol solution plus bisacodyl for bowel preparation in physically disabled outpatients. Sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate was noninferior in efficacy and safety, with no medication-related adverse events reported.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Gut and liver·Hyun Gun Kim, Kyu Chan Huh, Hoon Sup Koo, et al

Sodium Picosulfate with Magnesium Citrate (SPMC) Plus Laxative Is a Good Alternative to Conventional Large Volume Polyethylene Glycol in Bowel Preparation: A Multicenter Randomized Single-Blinded Trial.

RCTn = 365

Multicenter randomized single-blinded trial comparing sodium picosulfate with magnesium citrate (SPMC) plus bisacodyl to conventional polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bowel preparation. The SPMC/bisacodyl group showed higher satisfaction and ease of use scores, and a lower adverse event rate, while maintaining comparable bowel preparation adequacy.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2014·Endoscopy·Gianpiero Manes, Alessandro Repici, Cesare Hassan, et al

Randomized controlled trial comparing efficacy and acceptability of split- and standard-dose sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy.

RCTn = 862

RCT comparing split-dose and standard-dose sodium picosulfate plus magnesium citrate for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. The split-dose regimen showed superior colon cleansing efficacy and compliance compared to the standard regimen.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2014·Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD·Vladimir Kojecky, Jiri Dolina, Bohuslav Kianicka, et al

A single or split dose picosulphate/magnesium citrate before colonoscopy: comparison regarding tolerance and efficacy with polyethylene glycol. A randomized trial.

RCTn = 600

This randomized trial compared the efficacy and tolerance of sodium picosulphate/magnesium citrate (PMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for colonoscopy bowel preparation. PMC was found to be better tolerated than PEG, with similar efficacy in bowel cleansing when used in a split dose regimen. PMC performed better than PEG in single dose regimens.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2013·Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·G Manes, A Amato, M Arena, et al

Efficacy and acceptability of sodium picosulphate/magnesium citrate vs low-volume polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid for colon cleansing: a randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 285

RCT comparing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of picosulphate/magnesium citrate versus polyethylene glycol plus ascorbic acid for colon cleansing in 285 patients. Both preparations were effective, but picosulphate/magnesium citrate had better tolerability and palatability. A split regimen improved cleansing quality.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2010·The American journal of gastroenterology·Sin Sil Park, Dong Hyun Sinn, Young-Ho Kim, et al

Efficacy and tolerability of split-dose magnesium citrate: low-volume (2 liters) polyethylene glycol vs. single- or split-dose polyethylene glycol bowel preparation for morning colonoscopy.

RCTn = 232

RCT comparing split-dose magnesium citrate-low-volume (2 liters) PEG regimen to single- or split-dose PEG regimens for morning colonoscopy in 232 patients. The magnesium citrate regimen was more efficient and preferred over the conventional 4 liters PEG regimen and equally efficient but preferred over the split-dose (2+2 liters) regimen.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2002·Gastrointestinal endoscopy·Charles Berkelhammer, Anita Ekambaram, Rogelio G Silva

Low-volume oral colonoscopy bowel preparation: sodium phosphate and magnesium citrate.

RCTn = 300

RCT comparing sodium phosphate (NaP) and magnesium citrate (Mg) as low-volume oral colonoscopy bowel preparations in 300 patients. Mg achieved better bowel cleansing when taken the day before colonoscopy. NaP improved right colon cleansing when taken the evening before and morning of colonoscopy. NaP induced rectosigmoid aphthous ulcers more often than Mg.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·Revista espanola de enfermedades digestivas·Renáta Bor, Mária Matuz, Anna Fabián, et al

Efficacy, tolerability and safety of a split-dose bowel cleansing regimen of magnesium citrate with sodium picosulfate - a phase IV clinical observational study.

Observationaln = 233

Phase IV observational study of 233 patients assessing the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of magnesium citrate with sodium picosulfate for colonoscopy preparation. Adequate and excellent bowel cleansing were achieved in 94.85% and 72.96% of cases, respectively. Significant changes in serum electrolytes and renal function were observed, but these were not clinically relevant.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·Aging clinical and experimental research·Bruno Micael Zanforlini, Chiara Ceolin, Caterina Trevisan, et al

Clinical trial on the effects of oral magnesium supplementation in stable-phase COPD patients.

RCTn = 49Inflammation Physical Performance -

Double-blind RCT with 49 stable-phase COPD patients comparing 300mg/day magnesium citrate to placebo over 6 months. Magnesium supplementation significantly reduced CRP levels, suggesting an anti-inflammatory role, but did not significantly affect lung function, physical performance, or quality of life.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·Magnesium research·Kseniia Afitska, Julia Clavel, Klaus Kisters, et al

Magnesium citrate supplementation decreased blood pressure and HbA1c in normomagnesemic subjects with metabolic syndrome: a 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial.

RCTn = 24Heart Health Nutrition

A 12-week, placebo-controlled, double-blinded pilot trial evaluated magnesium citrate supplementation in normomagnesemic individuals with metabolic syndrome. Magnesium supplementation significantly increased plasma magnesium concentration, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and reduced HbA1c levels compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·PloS one·Alaa Rostom, Catherine Dube, Kirles Bishay, et al

A randomized clinical prospective trial comparing split-dose picosulfate/ magnesium citrate and polyethylene glycol for colonoscopy preparation.

RCTn = 171

A randomized controlled trial comparing the bowel preparation efficacy of picosulfate/magnesium citrate (PMC) versus polyethylene glycol (PEG) in colonoscopy outpatients. PEG was found to be superior to PMC in achieving adequate bowel preparation, especially when administered in a two-day split dose regimen.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·Trials·J. Schutten, P. Joris, Ronald P. Mensink, et al

Effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate supplementation on arterial stiffness in healthy overweight individuals: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

RCTn = 162Heart Health Gut Health

This study protocol outlines a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the long-term effects of magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium sulfate on arterial stiffness in healthy overweight individuals. The primary outcome is arterial stiffness, with secondary outcomes including blood pressure and gut microbiota diversity.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2019·Journal of clinical gastroenterology·Chandrashekhar Thukral, Sumeet K Tewani, Adam J Lake, et al

Results of a Community-based, Randomized Study Comparing a Clear Liquid Diet With a Low-residue Diet Using a Magnesium Citrate Preparation for Screening and Surveillance Colonoscopies.

RCT

RCT comparing a low-residue diet (LRD) to a clear liquid diet (CLD) with magnesium citrate preparation for colonoscopy. No significant difference in bowel preparation quality, but higher patient satisfaction with LRD.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2017·Journal of digestive diseases·Kamran Ayub, Gyanprakash Ketwaroo, Suhaib Abudayyeh, et al

Mechanical colon cleansing for screening colonoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 391

RCT comparing pulsed irrigation evacuation (PIE), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and sodium phosphate for colon preparation in 391 patients. PIE and sodium phosphate were superior to PEG, with PIE being preferred for those at high risk of unsatisfactory preparations.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2017·Female pelvic medicine & reconstructive surgery·Amos O Adelowo, Michele R Hacker, Anna M Modest, et al

The Use of Mechanical Bowel Preparation in Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 153

RCT comparing mechanical bowel preparation using oral magnesium citrate with sodium phosphate enema to sodium phosphate enema alone in women undergoing minimally invasive pelvic reconstructive surgery. The MBP group showed initial improvement in the quality of the surgical field but reported more discomfort and negative preoperative side effects.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·Peter Klare, Anne Poloschek, Benjamin Walter, et al

Single-day sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate versus split-dose polyethylene glycol for bowel cleansing prior to colonoscopy: A prospective randomized endoscopist-blinded trial.

RCT

This randomized, prospective, endoscopist-blinded trial compared sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate (PMC) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bowel cleansing before colonoscopy. PMC was better tolerated, but PEG was more effective for successful bowel preparation and had fewer safety concerns, such as hyponatremia.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2013·Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD·Theodor Voiosu, Iulia Ratiu, Andrei Voiosu, et al

Time for individualized colonoscopy bowel-prep regimens? A randomized controlled trial comparing sodium picosulphate and magnesium citrate versus 4-liter split-dose polyethylene glycol.

RCTn = 165

RCT comparing sodium picosulphate and magnesium citrate versus 4-liter split-dose polyethylene glycol for bowel cleansing in colonoscopy patients. PEG was slightly superior in bowel cleansing, while sodium picosulphate had higher patient satisfaction. Patient characteristics influenced outcomes.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·Rheumatology international·Selda Bagis, Mehmet Karabiber, Ismet As, et al

Is magnesium citrate treatment effective on pain, clinical parameters and functional status in patients with fibromyalgia?

RCTn = 60Mental Clarity Mood

RCT investigating the effect of magnesium citrate on fibromyalgia symptoms in 60 premenopausal women. Magnesium citrate treatment reduced the number of tender points, tender point index, and Beck depression scores. Combined treatment with amitriptyline was effective on all parameters except numbness.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·World journal of gastroenterology·Yasuo Kakugawa, Yutaka Saito, Shoichi Saito, et al

New reduced volume preparation regimen in colon capsule endoscopy.

RCTn = 60

A pilot, multicenter RCT compared a reduced volume bowel preparation method with a conventional method for colon capsule endoscopy. The reduced volume method did not use PEG-ELS the day before the procedure. Both groups used magnesium citrate as a booster. The reduced volume method was as effective as the conventional method in bowel preparation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·Digestion·Kazeo Ninomiya, Kenshi Yao, Toshiyuki Matsui, et al

Effectiveness of magnesium citrate as preparation for capsule endoscopy: a randomized, prospective, open-label, inter-group trial.

RCTn = 50

RCT evaluating magnesium citrate as preparation for capsule endoscopy in 50 patients. No significant difference in cleansing efficacy or large bowel arrival rate was observed between the group receiving magnesium citrate and the control group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2011·Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates·Ann Hayes, Martha Buffum, Joyce Hughes

Diabetic colon preparation comparison study.

RCTn = 198

RCT comparing an experimental diabetic colon preparation to standard preparation in 198 diabetic patients undergoing colonoscopies. The experimental group using magnesium citrate 2 days prior and again with polyethylene glycol the day before showed significantly better colon cleanliness than the standard preparation group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2011·World journal of gastroenterology·Yong Sung Choi, Jung Pil Suh, Jong Kyu Kim, et al

Magnesium citrate with a single dose of sodium phosphate for colonoscopy bowel preparation.

RCTn = 159

RCT comparing magnesium citrate with a single dose of sodium phosphate to two split doses of sodium phosphate for colonoscopy bowel preparation in 159 patients. The quality of bowel cleansing and acceptability were similar between groups, with older patients showing higher satisfaction with the magnesium citrate regimen.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2011·Radiology·Alexander W Keedy, Judy Yee, Rizwan Aslam, et al

Reduced cathartic bowel preparation for CT colonography: prospective comparison of 2-L polyethylene glycol and magnesium citrate.

RCTn = 50

RCT comparing reduced-volume 2-L polyethylene glycol (PEG) and magnesium citrate bowel preparations for CT colonography in 50 patients. PEG showed better fecal and fluid tagging scores and shorter interpretation time compared to magnesium citrate, though both demonstrated adequate cleansing effectiveness.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Endoscopy·D Turner, E I Benchimol, H Dunn, et al

Pico-Salax versus polyethylene glycol for bowel cleanout before colonoscopy in children: a randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 83

RCT comparing Pico-Salax (sodium picosulphate with magnesium citrate) to polyethylene glycol with electrolyte solution (PEG-ELS) for bowel preparation in 83 children before colonoscopy. Pico-Salax was better tolerated, but no significant differences in effectiveness or safety were found.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2006·Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition·Mohammad F El-Baba, Mary Padilla, Carmela Houston, et al

A prospective study comparing oral sodium phosphate solution to a bowel cleansing preparation with nutrition food package in children.

RCTn = 62

RCT comparing a prepackaged diet kit with magnesium citrate/bisacodyl laxative to a clear liquid diet and sodium phosphate solution in children undergoing colonoscopy. The prepackaged diet kit resulted in superior colon cleansing and fewer side effects.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2003·The American journal of cardiology·Michael Shechter, C Noel Bairey Merz, Hermann Georg Stuehlinger, et al

Effects of oral magnesium therapy on exercise tolerance, exercise-induced chest pain, and quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease.

RCTn = 187Physical Performance Heart Health

A multicenter, multinational, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 187 CAD patients assessed the effects of oral magnesium supplementation. Magnesium therapy significantly improved exercise tolerance, reduced exercise-induced chest pain, and enhanced quality of life over 6 months.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2001·Journal of clinical gastroenterology·V K Sharma, J W Schaberg, S K Chockalingam, et al

The effect of stimulant laxatives and polyethylene glycol-electrolyte lavage solution for colonoscopy preparation on serum electrolytes and hemodynamics.

RCTn = 68

RCT comparing colonoscopy preparation methods in 68 patients. Group 1 received 4 L of PEG-ELS, group 2 received 2 L of PEG-ELS with bisacodyl, and group 3 received 2 L of PEG-ELS with magnesium citrate. Mean serum magnesium levels showed minor changes, with no significant clinical relevance. Two liters of PEG-ELS with a stimulant laxative is safe and effective for colonoscopy.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2001·Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates·M Herman, M Shaw, B Loewen

Comparison of three forms of bowel preparations for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy.

RCT

RCT comparing three forms of bowel preparation for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy. The magnesium citrate and Fleet enema preparation was rated excellent for 70% of patients, allowing for greater depth of insertion and infrequent need for repeat examination.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1999·The American journal of gastroenterology·R K Fincher, E M Osgard, J L Jackson, et al

A comparison of bowel preparations for flexible sigmoidoscopy: oral magnesium citrate combined with oral bisacodyl, one hypertonic phosphate enema, or two hypertonic phosphate enemas.

RCTn = 291

RCT comparing three bowel preparations for sigmoidoscopy: oral magnesium citrate with oral bisacodyl, one hypertonic phosphate enema, or two hypertonic phosphate enemas. Preparation quality was similar across groups, but the bisacodyl regimen was better tolerated despite more diarrhea.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1994·Clinical radiology·M J Swarbrick, M C Collins, D J Moore, et al

A comparative trial of magnesium citrate (Citramag) and Picolax for barium enema bowel preparation.

RCTn = 200

A prospective randomized blinded trial comparing magnesium citrate (Citramag) and Picolax for bowel preparation in over 100 patients per group. Magnesium citrate caused more sleep interruption but less disruption to daily activities compared to Picolax. Mucosal coating was similar, but Citramag had more faecal residue and poorer overall bowel preparation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1977·AJR. American journal of roentgenology·W J Dodds, G T Scanlon, D K Shaw, et al

An evaluation of colon cleansing regimens.

RCTn = 500

RCT evaluating the efficacy of colon cleansing regimens in 500 hospital outpatients. Regimens using magnesium citrate and bisacodyl were superior to those using castor oil. Calcium bisdiocytl sulfosuccinate did not improve cleansing quality but reduced abdominal cramping with magnesium citrate and bisacodyl.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·Journal of clinical gastroenterology·Nicholas Michael Kelly, Colin Rodgers, Neil Patterson, et al

A prospective audit of the efficacy, safety, and acceptability of low-volume polyethylene glycol (2 L) versus standard volume polyethylene glycol (4 L) versus magnesium citrate plus stimulant laxative as bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Studyn = 258

Prospective audit comparing low-volume polyethylene glycol (Moviprep), standard volume polyethylene glycol (KleanPrep), and magnesium citrate plus stimulant laxative (Senna/Citramag) for bowel preparation in colonoscopy. Senna/Citramag provided superior mucosal cleansing and was better tolerated than KleanPrep.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2010·European journal of ophthalmology·Bahri Aydin, Merih Onol, Ahmet Hondur, et al

The effect of oral magnesium therapy on visual field and ocular blood flow in normotensive glaucoma.

RCTn = 15

RCT evaluating the effect of 300 mg oral magnesium citrate on ocular blood flow and visual field indices in 15 patients with normotensive glaucoma. Visual field indices improved significantly, but ocular blood flow did not change after 1 month of treatment.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2010·The American journal of clinical nutrition·Sara A Chacko, James Sul, Yiqing Song, et al

Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals.

RCTn = 14Inflammation

Randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in 14 overweight individuals examining the effects of magnesium citrate supplementation on metabolic biomarkers and genomic/proteomic profiling. Magnesium treatment significantly decreased fasting C-peptide concentrations and appeared to decrease fasting insulin concentrations. Gene expression and proteomic profiling indicated changes in metabolic pathways.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Biological trace element research·Hasan Aydin, Oğuzhan Deyneli, Dilek Yavuz, et al

Short-term oral magnesium supplementation suppresses bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporotic women.

RCTn = 20Joint Bone Health

RCT of 20 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, comparing magnesium citrate supplementation to a control group over 30 days. Magnesium supplementation significantly decreased serum iPTH levels, increased serum osteocalcin levels, and decreased urinary deoxypyridinoline levels, indicating suppressed bone turnover.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2008·AJR. American journal of roentgenology·Sebastiaan Jensch, Ayso H de Vries, Dennis Pot, et al

Image quality and patient acceptance of four regimens with different amounts of mild laxatives for CT colonography.

RCTn = 40

RCT evaluating image quality and patient acceptance of CT colonography with different levels of catharsis using bisacodyl and magnesium citrate. The mildest preparation with 20 mg of bisacodyl provided good image quality. Increasing laxatives did not improve image quality but decreased patient acceptance due to more severe diarrhea and higher overall burden.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2006·Gastroenterology nursing : the official journal of the Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates·Roderick Rapier, Carmela Houston

A prospective study to assess the efficacy and patient tolerance of three bowel preparations for colonoscopy.

RCTn = 114

RCT evaluating the efficacy and patient tolerance of three bowel preparation regimens for colonoscopy in 114 patients. The study found no significant differences in colon cleansing efficacy or patient tolerability among the regimens, which included magnesium citrate and bisacodyl, and polyethylene glycol electrolyte.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2006·Abdominal imaging·Abraham H Dachman, Damien O Dawson, Philippe Lefere, et al

Comparison of routine and unprepped CT colonography augmented by low fiber diet and stool tagging: a pilot study.

RCTn = 28

Pilot study comparing unprepped CT colonography with low fiber diet and stool tagging versus prepped CT colonography with magnesium citrate cleansing. The prepped group had less residual stool and better ease of interpretation, although reading times were similar. The unprepped strategy left significant residual stool, making interpretation harder and leading to missed polyps.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2004·Clinical science (London, England : 1979)·Christopher Lysakowski, Erik Von Elm, Lionel Dumont, et al

Effect of magnesium, high altitude and acute mountain sickness on blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery.

RCTn = 47

RCT measuring the effect of magnesium supplementation on middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (MCAv) at high altitude and in acute mountain sickness (AMS). Magnesium increased MCAv by 8.4 cm.s(-1) but did not prevent AMS. MCAv was not affected by high altitude or severe AMS.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2002·Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research·Christine Roffe, Sheila Sills, Peter Crome, et al

Randomised, cross-over, placebo controlled trial of magnesium citrate in the treatment of chronic persistent leg cramps.

RCTn = 46

Randomised, double-blind, cross-over placebo-controlled trial testing magnesium citrate for treatment of leg cramps in non-pregnant individuals. The study found a trend towards fewer cramps on magnesium, with significantly more subjects reporting perceived effectiveness compared to placebo. Diarrhoea was noted as a side effect.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1999·American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation·L A Ruml, C Y Pak

Effect of potassium magnesium citrate on thiazide-induced hypokalemia and magnesium loss.

RCTn = 62

RCT assessing the effects of potassium magnesium citrate, magnesium citrate, and potassium citrate on thiazide-induced hypokalemia and magnesium loss in 62 healthy subjects. Potassium magnesium citrate increased serum potassium and magnesium levels, corrected hypokalemia, and provided an alkali load. Magnesium citrate increased urinary magnesium, while potassium citrate increased serum potassium and urinary pH and citrate values.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1999·Urological research·P O Schwille, A Schmiedl, U Herrmann, et al

Magnesium, citrate, magnesium citrate and magnesium-alkali citrate as modulators of calcium oxalate crystallization in urine: observations in patients with recurrent idiopathic calcium urolithiasis.

RCT

The study examined the effects of magnesium and citrate on calcium oxalate crystallization in urine of male patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis. Magnesium-alkali citrate increased the metastable limit of calcium oxalate solubility and decreased crystal diameter, while magnesium citrate increased crystal agglomeration time. The study suggests that magnesium and citrate influence calcium oxalate crystallization differently.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1998·The American journal of gastroenterology·E Osgard, J L Jackson, J Strong

A randomized trial comparing three methods of bowel preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy.

RCTn = 164

RCT comparing three bowel preparation methods for flexible sigmoidoscopy in 164 adults. The addition of magnesium citrate to a 2-hyperphosphate enema preparation improved bowel preparation quality, increased depth of sigmoidoscope insertion, and was rated as more comfortable by patients.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1998·Gastrointestinal endoscopy·V K Sharma, S K Chockalingham, E A Ugheoke, et al

Prospective, randomized, controlled comparison of the use of polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage solution in four-liter versus two-liter volumes and pretreatment with either magnesium citrate or bisacodyl for colonoscopy preparation.

RCTn = 150

RCT comparing colonoscopy preparation methods in 150 patients using 4 L PEG-ELS, 2 L PEG-ELS plus magnesium citrate, or 2 L PEG-ELS plus bisacodyl. Two liters of PEG-ELS plus laxative improved preparation quality and patient satisfaction, with magnesium citrate pretreatment preferred over bisacodyl.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1997·The American journal of gastroenterology·V K Sharma, S Chockalingham, V Clark, et al

Randomized, controlled comparison of two forms of preparation for screening flexible sigmoidoscopy.

RCTn = 70

RCT comparing oral preparation (magnesium citrate and Dulcolax) to standard enema preparation for flexible sigmoidoscopy in 70 male patients. The oral preparation showed better patient acceptance, reduced encounter time, and improved quality of colon preparation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1995·Pediatrics·L P James, M H Nichols, W D King

A comparison of cathartics in pediatric ingestions.

RCTn = 116

This randomized, double-blinded clinical trial compared sorbitol, magnesium citrate, magnesium sulfate, and water in pediatric patients with acute ingestions. Sorbitol resulted in a shorter mean time to first stool and a higher number of stools within 24 hours compared to other cathartics. Emesis was the most common side effect, occurring more frequently in sorbitol-treated patients.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1994·Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·S Ueda, H Iishi, M Tatsuta, et al

Addition of cisapride shortens colonoscopy preparation with lavage in elderly patients.

RCTn = 193

RCT comparing the effect of cisapride pre-treatment on colonoscopy preparation with magnesium citrate lavage solution in 193 out-patients. Cisapride shortened the time to clear rectal effluent and reduced residual fluid volume in patients aged 60 years or more.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1994·Annals of emergency medicine·Y J Sue, A Woolf, M Shannon

Efficacy of magnesium citrate cathartic in pediatric toxic ingestions.

RCTn = 64

Prospective, randomized clinical trial investigating the efficacy of magnesium citrate in reducing gastrointestinal transit time of activated charcoal in children with acute toxic ingestion. Sixty-four children were enrolled, and magnesium citrate significantly reduced the time to first charcoal stool compared to no magnesium citrate.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1990·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·J S Lindberg, M M Zobitz, J R Poindexter, et al

Magnesium bioavailability from magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide.

RCT

The study compared magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide in terms of solubility and gastrointestinal absorbability. Magnesium citrate was found to be more soluble and bioavailable than magnesium oxide, as evidenced by a higher increment in urinary magnesium following oral magnesium load in normal volunteers.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1984·Clinical radiology·J R Lee

Combinations of laxatives for bowel preparation: are they necessary?

RCT

RCT comparing magnesium citrate alone to combinations with bisacodyl or sodium picosulphate for bowel preparation. The addition of bisacodyl or sodium picosulphate conferred no benefit over magnesium citrate alone.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2024·Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine·Sasikanth Gorantla, Ashwath Ravisankar, Lynn Marie Trotti

Magnesium citrate monotherapy improves restless legs syndrome symptoms and multiple suggested immobilization test scores in an open-label pilot study.

Studyn = 12

Open-label pilot study of magnesium citrate 200 mg daily for 8 weeks in 12 adults with primary restless legs syndrome. Significant reduction in International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale scores and improved Kohnen quality of life scores were observed, along with improvements in multiple suggested immobilization test scores.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2018·European review for medical and pharmacological sciences·E Brilli, S Khadge, A Fabiano, et al

Magnesium bioavailability after administration of sucrosomial® magnesium: results of an ex-vivo study and a comparative, double-blinded, cross-over study in healthy subjects.

Cross-sectional

The study compared magnesium bioavailability after administration of Sucrosomial® magnesium versus magnesium citrate, magnesium oxide, and magnesium bisglycinate. Sucrosomial® magnesium showed faster and higher absorption rates in both ex-vivo and human studies, with statistically higher magnesium concentrations in blood and urine compared to magnesium oxide, and in red blood cells compared to magnesium bisglycinate.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1999·The American journal of gastroenterology·A Dahshan, C H Lin, J Peters, et al

A randomized, prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and acceptance of three bowel preparations for colonoscopy in children.

RCTn = 70

A randomized, prospective study evaluated the efficacy and acceptance of three bowel preparations for colonoscopy in children. Magnesium citrate with X-prep and a clear liquid diet provided good cleansing and was acceptable. Golytely provided the best cleansing but was the least well tolerated. Dulcolax without dietary restriction provided unsatisfactory colon cleansing.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1999·The Journal of family practice·R Frusso, M Zárate, F Augustovski, et al

Magnesium for the treatment of nocturnal leg cramps: a crossover randomized trial.

RCTn = 45

Crossover randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating magnesium citrate for nocturnal leg cramps in 45 patients. No significant differences were found between magnesium and placebo in reducing the number of cramps or other evaluated outcomes.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1989·DICP : the annals of pharmacotherapy·B I Vuignier, G M Oderda, R L Gorman, et al

Effects of magnesium citrate and clidinium bromide on the excretion of activated charcoal in normal subjects.

RCTn = 40

RCT evaluating the effects of magnesium citrate on the excretion of activated charcoal in healthy volunteers, with and without clidinium bromide. Magnesium citrate significantly shortened the onset time of activated charcoal excretion compared to placebo, while clidinium bromide did not affect gastrointestinal transit time.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1986·Magnesium·R Fehlinger, U Mielke, D Fauk, et al

Rheographic indications for reduced cerebral vasoconstriction after oral magnesium medication in tetanic patients, a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 35

Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 360 mg magnesium citrate administered to 17 tetanic patients compared to 18 receiving placebo. After 4 weeks, hyperventilation-induced vasoconstriction was significantly reduced in the magnesium group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1985·Gastroenterology·P J Pockros, P Foroozan

Golytely lavage versus a standard colonoscopy preparation. Effect on normal colonic mucosal histology.

RCTn = 18

RCT comparing Golytely lavage to a standard colonoscopy preparation involving magnesium citrate and X-Prep senna derivative in 18 patients. Golytely preserved normal mucosal histology better, with less flattening of surface epithelial cells, depletion of goblet cells, and lamina propria edema.

PubMedRead on PubMed