Research
Magnesium
207 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
The Role of Electrolytes in Muscle Pain Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Implications for Temporomandibular Disorder.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating electrolyte supplementation, particularly magnesium, for muscle cramps and myalgia. Magnesium reduced cramp frequency in pregnancy-associated cramps but showed inconsistent effects in other populations. Sodium-based solutions reduced cramp susceptibility in specific contexts, while calcium and potassium lacked supportive evidence.
Intake or Blood Levels of Magnesium and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Meta-analysis of 27 publications with 95,933 participants evaluating the association between magnesium intake and blood levels with metabolic syndrome. Magnesium intake and high blood levels were inversely associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, though high heterogeneity was noted.
Hypertension in Relation to Circulating Magnesium Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the relationship between circulating magnesium levels and hypertension. The analysis found an inverse relationship, with higher magnesium levels associated with decreased odds of hypertension. A nonlinear U-shaped association was also observed.
Magnesium Supplementation and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 38 RCTs involving 2709 participants to assess the effect of magnesium supplementation on blood pressure. Magnesium intake reduced systolic BP by -2.81 mmHg and diastolic BP by -2.05 mmHg compared to placebo, with greater reductions in hypertensive individuals and those with hypomagnesemia. No dose-response relationship was found, and high heterogeneity was noted.
Ketamine and other NMDA receptor antagonists for chronic pain.
Meta-analysis of 67 RCTs with 2309 participants evaluating ketamine, memantine, dextromethorphan, amantadine, and magnesium for chronic non-cancer pain. Limited low- to very low-certainty evidence on pain intensity effects. Intravenous ketamine may increase adverse events risk, but overall harms are unclear.
The effects of magnesium and vitamin D/E co-supplementation on inflammation markers and lipid metabolism of obese/overweight population: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the impact of magnesium and vitamin D/E co-supplementation on inflammation and lipid metabolism markers in obese/overweight individuals. Meta-analysis of nine RCTs showed that magnesium and vitamin D significantly elevated 25(OH)D and magnesium levels, and reduced hs-CRP and TNF-α levels. However, magnesium and vitamin E supplementation did not significantly affect lipid metabolism.
Serum magnesium is linked with sperm concentration, motile sperm count and serum anti-Müllerian hormone in infertile men.
Secondary analysis of an RCT involving 299 infertile men treated with cholecalciferol + calcium or placebo. Higher serum magnesium levels were associated with increased sperm concentration, motile sperm count, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone, suggesting a positive influence on male fertility.
Does Magnesium Affect Sex Hormones and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Patients with PCOS? Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating magnesium supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors and hormonal parameters in PCOS patients. The analysis found no significant effects of magnesium supplementation on these factors.
The effect of magnesium supplementation on serum concentration of lipid profile: an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of magnesium supplementation on serum lipid profiles in adults. The analysis found no significant differences in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C levels, but a significant increase in HDL-C levels with magnesium supplementation.
Does Magnesium Provide a Protective Effect in Crohn's Disease Remission? A Systematic Review of the Literature.
This systematic review evaluates the role of serum magnesium levels in Crohn's disease (CD) remission and the potential benefits of magnesium supplementation. It synthesizes evidence from eight studies involving 453 patients and 292 controls, finding lower serum magnesium levels in CD patients and suggesting that magnesium supplementation could improve CD management by enhancing remission rates and sleep quality.
Effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia and sleep hormones in patients with diabetes mellitus.
A single-blind randomized controlled trial on 320 diabetic patients, with 290 completing, assessed the effects of magnesium and potassium supplementation on insomnia. The study found significant improvements in sleep duration and reductions in insomnia severity, as well as significant changes in serum cortisol and melatonin levels.
Association of maternal serum magnesium with pre-eclampsia in African pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis examining serum magnesium levels in African pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. The study found that mean serum magnesium levels were significantly reduced in pre-eclampsia cases compared to normotensive controls, suggesting magnesium's involvement in the pathophysiology of pre-eclampsia.
Association between Serum Magnesium and Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies investigating the impact of serum magnesium on the risk of fractures. Lower serum magnesium concentrations were associated with a significantly higher risk of incident fractures.
Magnesium prophylaxis of new-onset atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of magnesium prophylaxis for new-onset atrial fibrillation (NOAF) outside cardiac surgery settings. Analysis included five RCTs with 4713 participants, finding no significant reduction in NOAF incidence with magnesium compared to placebo.
Global prevalence of hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
This meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) using data from 19 observational studies involving 4192 patients. The pooled prevalence of hypomagnesemia in T2DM was found to be 32%, with Asia showing the highest prevalence at 31.9%.
The Association Between Serum Magnesium Levels and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This meta-analysis consolidates data from 17 observational studies involving 2858 participants to examine the relationship between serum magnesium levels and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). It found that magnesium levels were significantly lower in GDM patients compared to healthy controls, particularly in European populations and during the third trimester.
Effect of magnesium on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs and 1 non-RCT with 496 CKD patients evaluating magnesium supplementation on vascular calcification. Magnesium increased serum levels and reduced carotid intima-media thickness, calcium, and parathyroid hormone levels, but did not significantly reduce vascular calcification scores.
Magnesium and Hematoma Expansion in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A FAST-MAG Randomized Trial Analysis.
The FAST-MAG trial analyzed the effects of magnesium sulfate on hematoma expansion and early neurological deterioration in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Higher serum magnesium levels in the treatment group were associated with less hematoma expansion and neurological deterioration, suggesting a potential hemostatic effect of magnesium.
Magnesium supplementation beneficially affects depression in adults with depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of seven RCTs with a total of 325 adults examining the effect of magnesium supplementation on depression scores. The meta-analysis showed a significant decline in depression scores with magnesium supplementation.
Surface modification of titanium implants with Mg-containing coatings to promote osseointegration.
This systematic review summarizes methods, effects, and clinical applications of surface modification of titanium implants with magnesium-containing coatings. It highlights that magnesium ions promote bone regeneration, cell adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation, showing potential for improving osseointegration of titanium implants.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Estimate a Reference Range for Circulating Ionized Magnesium Concentrations in Adult Populations.
Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating reference ranges for ionized magnesium (iMg) and circulating magnesium in healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The study found overlapping reference ranges for iMg and circulating Mg across different health states.
Magnesium in dairy cattle nutrition: A meta-analysis on magnesium absorption in dairy cattle and assessment of simple solubility tests to predict magnesium availability from supplemental sources.
Meta-analysis on magnesium absorption in dairy cattle, assessing solubility tests to predict magnesium availability from supplemental sources. The vinegar test was identified as a reliable method for ranking inorganic magnesium sources. The study also developed a strategy to predict magnesium absorption relative to dietary potassium, improving prediction accuracy.
Association between hypomagnesemia and mortality among dialysis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies involving 55,232 dialysis patients. Found significant association between hypomagnesemia and increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, particularly in hemodialysis patients. Highlights hypomagnesemia as a potential risk factor for mortality in kidney replacement therapy patients.
The Role of Magnesium in Sleep Health: a Systematic Review of Available Literature.
Systematic review of 9 studies involving 7,582 subjects assessing the association between magnesium and sleep patterns in adults. Observational studies suggested an association between magnesium status and sleep quality, while RCTs reported contradictory findings.
Intra-Articular Magnesium Plus Bupivacaine Is the Most Effective and Safe Postoperative Analgesic Option Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Network Meta-analysis.
Network meta-analysis of 78 RCTs with 4,425 participants evaluating intra-articular analgesics after knee arthroscopy. Magnesium plus bupivacaine was most effective in relieving pain at 2 and 24 hours post-surgery compared to placebo, without increasing short-term side effects.
Association of Intravenous Potassium and Magnesium Administration With Spontaneous Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter in the Emergency Department
Cohort study of 2546 episodes of atrial fibrillation and 573 episodes of atrial flutter in the emergency department. Administration of potassium and magnesium was associated with higher rates of spontaneous conversion in atrial fibrillation but not in atrial flutter.
Association of Circulating Magnesium Levels in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease From 1991 to 2021: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 studies assessing circulating magnesium levels in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients versus healthy controls. Found significantly reduced serum and plasma magnesium levels in AD patients, suggesting magnesium deficiency may be a risk factor for AD.
Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Parameters: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Meta-analysis of 17 RCTs with 889 participants investigating the effects of magnesium supplementation on serum inflammatory markers. Magnesium supplementation significantly decreased serum C reactive protein (CRP) and increased nitric oxide (NO) levels, along with reductions in other inflammatory markers.
Ca:Mg ratio, medium-chain fatty acids, and the gut microbiome.
A double-blind 2x2 factorial RCT with 240 participants tested the effects of personalized magnesium supplementation on gut microbiome and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production. Magnesium treatment significantly increased plasma levels of C7:0 and C8:0 MCFAs and reduced plasma sucrose levels, with positive correlations to stool microbiome diversity.
The effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. The analysis included 18 randomized clinical trials and found modest improvements in HbA1c and fasting blood sugar levels with magnesium supplementation.
A systematic review on considering the role of Magnesium in preventing post-anesthesia shivering.
Systematic review of randomized clinical trials evaluating preoperative magnesium administration for preventing post-anesthesia shivering. The review included 64 articles and found that magnesium significantly reduced shivering and other post-anesthesia symptoms compared to control groups.
A Comparative Effectiveness Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Drugs for the Prophylaxis of Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of amiodarone, dexmedetomidine, and magnesium in preventing Junctional Ectopic Tachycardia (JET) following congenital heart surgery. All three drugs significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative JET, with dexmedetomidine showing additional benefits in reducing ICU stays and mortality.
Total, Dietary, and Supplemental Magnesium Intakes and Risk of All-Cause, Cardiovascular, and Cancer Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies examining the association of magnesium intake with mortality risk. Dietary magnesium intake was associated with reduced risk of all-cause and cancer mortality, but not CVD mortality. Supplemental and total magnesium intakes showed no significant associations with mortality risks.
The Effect of Oral Magnesium Supplementation on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adults: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.
This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral magnesium supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α in adults. Analyzing 18 studies with 927 participants, the results showed no statistically significant effect of magnesium supplementation on these biomarkers compared to controls.
Effect of oral magnesium supplementation for relieving leg cramps during pregnancy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of four RCTs with 332 pregnant women assessing the effect of oral magnesium supplementation on leg cramps. The analysis found no significant decrease in leg cramp frequency or improvement in recovery from leg cramps with magnesium supplementation compared to control.
Comparative study of magnesium, sodium valproate, and concurrent magnesium-sodium valproate therapy in the prevention of migraine headaches: a randomized controlled double-blind trial
This randomized controlled double-blind trial compared the efficacy of magnesium, sodium valproate, and their combination in migraine prophylaxis among 222 patients. The study found that magnesium enhanced the antimigraine properties of sodium valproate in combination therapy, reducing the required valproate dose for effective migraine prevention.
Oral magnesium supplementation for insomnia in older adults: a Systematic Review & Meta-Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of three RCTs comparing oral magnesium supplementation to placebo in 151 older adults with insomnia. Magnesium supplementation reduced sleep onset latency by 17.36 minutes compared to placebo, though total sleep time improvement was statistically insignificant. The quality of evidence was low to very low.
Oral Magnesium Supplementation for Treating Glucose Metabolism Parameters in People with or at Risk of Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind RCTs investigating oral magnesium supplementation on glucose metabolism in people with or at risk of diabetes. Magnesium supplementation reduced fasting plasma glucose and improved insulin sensitivity markers compared to placebo.
Impact of magnesium on bone health in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the impact of magnesium intake on bone health in older adults. Found a significant positive association between higher magnesium intake and increased hip and femoral neck BMD. Suggests the need for further research to confirm these findings and explore the effects on other bone health outcomes.
Association between magnesium concentrations and prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis examined the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes, analyzing 10 studies. It found that individuals with prediabetes had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared to healthy controls, suggesting magnesium deficiency may contribute to the development and progression of prediabetes.
Magnesium supplementation for glycemic status in women with gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing magnesium supplementation for glycemic status in women with gestational diabetes. Magnesium supplementation was associated with significantly reduced fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin, insulin resistance, and cholesterol levels, indicating benefits for glycemic control.
Magnesium Metabolism in Chronic Alcohol-Use Disorder: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Meta-analysis and systematic review assessing magnesium metabolism in chronic alcohol-use disorder. The study found that both total and ionized circulating magnesium are reduced, skeletal muscle magnesium content is decreased, and the kidney's response to hypomagnesemia is blunted in chronic alcohol-use disorder.
The effect of intravenous magnesium on postoperative morphine consumption in noncardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 51 trials with 3311 participants assessing the effect of intravenous magnesium on postoperative morphine consumption in noncardiac surgery. Magnesium significantly reduced morphine consumption and delayed the time to first analgesia request, though no significant differences were found in postoperative pain scores.
Associations Between Serum Magnesium Concentrations and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating serum magnesium concentrations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) compared to controls. The analysis included eight studies with 2026 women, showing decreased serum magnesium levels in women with PCOS, particularly in overweight or obese women.
Reducing the dose of neuromuscular blocking agents with adjuncts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing the use of pharmacological adjuncts to reduce neuromuscular blocking agent doses. Magnesium, dexmedetomidine, and clonidine were associated with a reduction in NMBA dose, with magnesium showing the most significant effect.
Magnesium for skeletal muscle cramps.
This meta-analysis reviewed 11 RCTs with 735 participants to assess the effects of magnesium supplementation on skeletal muscle cramps. The analysis found no statistically significant benefit of magnesium over placebo in reducing cramp frequency, intensity, or duration in older adults with idiopathic cramps. The evidence for pregnancy-associated cramps was conflicting, and further research is needed.
Comparison of effects and safety in providing controlled hypotension during surgery between dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of RCTs comparing dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate for controlled hypotension during surgery. Dexmedetomidine was more effective in reducing bleeding and opioid use, but magnesium was better for reducing recovery period. Dexmedetomidine had higher bradycardia incidence.
Efficacy and Safety of Magnesium for the Management of Chronic Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review
Systematic review of 9 RCTs with 418 participants examining the efficacy and safety of magnesium for chronic pain management. Studies included neuropathic pain, migraines, complex regional pain syndrome, and low back pain. Evidence of analgesic efficacy was equivocal, and safety could not be judged due to inconsistent adverse event reporting.
Impact of magnesium supplementation, in combination with vitamin B6, on stress and magnesium status: secondary data from a randomized controlled trial.
Secondary analysis of an 8-week RCT comparing oral magnesium and magnesium-vitamin B6 supplementation in 264 subjects. Magnesium supplementation significantly reduced stress in severely stressed subjects with low magnesemia, and vitamin B6 enhanced this effect. Significant increases in erythrocyte magnesium levels were observed in subjects with low baseline magnesium levels.
Association of magnesium intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 studies involving 53 cohorts examining the association between magnesium intake and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and total stroke. Higher magnesium intake was associated with a 22% reduced risk of T2D and an 11% reduced risk of total stroke. The inverse association was dose-dependent and more pronounced in certain populations.
Association between reduced serum levels of magnesium and the presence of poor glycemic control and complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between reduced serum magnesium levels and poor glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Five out of seven studies showed an association between reduced magnesium levels and poor glycemic control, corroborated by the meta-analysis. Divergent results were found for diabetes kidney disease and diabetic retinopathy.
The Effects of Magnesium Supplementation on Lipid Profile Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing magnesium supplementation effects on lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients. Magnesium significantly reduced LDL levels, with subgroup analyses showing effects based on duration, dose, and type of magnesium. No effect on triglycerides, total cholesterol, or HDL was found.
Magnesium intake and lung cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis investigated the association between magnesium intake and lung cancer risk, analyzing 5 studies with 585,821 participants and 8,977 lung cancer cases. The analysis found that magnesium intake of less than 300 mg/d significantly decreased lung cancer risk, suggesting potential protective effects.
Quantitative Association Between Serum/Dietary Magnesium and Cardiovascular Disease/Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.
Meta-analysis of 18 prospective cohort studies with 544,581 participants examining the association between serum/dietary magnesium and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Findings indicate that higher serum and dietary magnesium levels are inversely associated with the risk of CVD and CHD, showing a 7%-10% decrease in risk.
Serum magnesium, mortality, and cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 studies involving 200,934 participants examining the association between serum magnesium levels and mortality risk in CKD and ESRD patients. Hypomagnesemia was associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, while hypermagnesemia was inversely associated with these outcomes.
The relationship between magnesium and osteoarthritis of knee: A MOOSE guided systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between magnesium and risk of knee osteoarthritis (KOE) using data from 6 studies with 15,715 participants. Higher daily intake of magnesium was associated with a significantly reduced risk of fracture in KOE patients, but not with a lower risk of KOE itself. Higher serum magnesium levels were associated with a significantly lower risk of KOE.
The role of oral magnesium supplements for the management of stable bronchial asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of oral magnesium supplements in chronic asthmatic patients. Eight trials with 917 patients showed oral magnesium improved FEV1 at week 8 but had no significant effect on other outcomes. Oral magnesium cannot be recommended as an adjuvant to standard asthma treatment based on current evidence.
Serum magnesium levels and lung cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 11 studies with 707 lung cancer cases and 7595 healthy controls evaluating serum magnesium levels. No significant association was found between serum magnesium levels and lung cancer risk, with significant heterogeneity observed.
Effect of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 RCTs with 306 participants examining the effects of magnesium supplementation on endothelial function. Magnesium supplementation significantly increased flow-mediated dilation, indicating improved endothelial function, but had no significant effect on carotid intima media thickness.
Dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality: A systematic review and dose-based meta-regression analysis of prospective studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies examining the association between dietary magnesium intake and cardiovascular mortality. The analysis included 449,748 individuals and found that higher magnesium intake was associated with reduced CVD mortality, particularly among women and in the US population.
Hypomagnesemia and mortality in patients admitted to intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between hypomagnesemia and mortality in ICU patients. Hypomagnesemia was associated with higher mortality, increased need for mechanical ventilation, and longer ICU stays.
Magnesium status and the metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 articles with 31,876 participants found that higher magnesium intake is associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome. The analysis also found a significant but heterogeneous association between serum magnesium levels and metabolic syndrome.
Magnesium supplementation in pregnancy.
Meta-analysis of 10 trials involving 9090 women assessing the effects of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy. The analysis found no significant difference in perinatal mortality, small-for-gestational age, or pre-eclampsia between magnesium supplemented and control groups. Some secondary outcomes showed potential benefits, but overall, there is not enough high-quality evidence to confirm the benefits of magnesium supplementation during pregnancy.
Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 studies with 313,041 individuals examining the association of circulating and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ischemic heart disease (IHD). Circulating magnesium was associated with a 30% lower risk of CVD, while dietary magnesium was associated with a 22% lower risk of IHD. The study supports the potential role of magnesium in CVD prevention.
Analgesic efficacy of continuous intravenous magnesium infusion as an adjuvant to morphine for postoperative analgesia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 trials with 1177 patients assessing perioperative intravenous magnesium's effect on postoperative opioid use and pain. Magnesium significantly reduced morphine usage and pain scores at 4-6 hours post-surgery, but not at 20-24 hours. No significant effect on opioid-related side effects was observed.
Effect of magnesium therapy on nocturnal leg cramps: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis using simulations.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 RCTs (n=361) comparing magnesium therapy to placebo for nocturnal leg cramps. Magnesium therapy showed no significant effect on reducing leg cramps in the general population, but may have a small effect in pregnant women. Gastrointestinal side effects were slightly more common with magnesium.
Prophylactic magnesium for improving neurologic outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 trials with 2401 patients assessing prophylactic intravenous magnesium for neurologic outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Magnesium reduced the risk of delayed cerebral ischemia but did not improve neurologic outcomes, decrease cerebral infarction, radiographic vasospasm, or mortality.
Efficacy and safety of the low-temperature-derived 3D printed biodegradable Mg-containing composite porous scaffold for bone defect repair: A prospective and multi-center randomized controlled trial.
Prospective multi-center RCT testing Bongolle®, a biodegradable Mg-containing composite scaffold, for bone defect repair. The Bongolle® group showed a 40% faster scaffold residual bone fusion rate at 12 weeks post-surgery compared to control, with increased radiographic density at 12 and 24 weeks.
Association between dietary magnesium intake, inflammation, and neurodegeneration
Observational study using UK Biobank data to assess the association between dietary magnesium intake, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower inflammation markers and larger brain volumes, with lower hs-CRP levels mediating the positive association between magnesium intake and grey matter volume.
Positive effects of magnesium supplementation in metabolic syndrome.
Prospective, randomized, double-blind study on 54 patients with metabolic syndrome, comparing 400 mg daily magnesium supplementation to controls over 12 weeks. Magnesium increased ionized magnesium levels, decreased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, reduced interleukin-6 levels, and improved vitamin D levels. HbA1c and cholesterol levels improved but not significantly.
The role of nutraceuticals in the management of temporomandibular disorders.
RCT evaluating the efficacy of a nutraceutical composed of Boswellia Serrata, Magnesium, Tryptophan, and vitamins B2 and D in subjects with temporomandibular disorders. The nutraceutical group showed statistically significant improvements in temporomandibular pain, headache, neck pain, and sleep/emotional disorders compared to controls.
The Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Vascular Calcification in CKD: A Randomized Clinical Trial (MAGiCAL-CKD).
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of magnesium supplementation on vascular calcification in patients with predialysis CKD. Despite significant increases in plasma magnesium, supplementation did not slow the progression of vascular calcification. The magnesium group experienced a higher incidence of serious adverse events.
Magnesium Depletion Score Predicts Diabetic Retinopathy Risk among Diabetes: Findings from NHANES 2005–2018
Observational study using NHANES data from 2005–2018 to assess the relationship between magnesium depletion score (MDS) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk. Higher dietary magnesium intake was linked to lower DR incidence, and magnesium supplementation was beneficial for DR prevention.
Beneficial effects of adding magnesium to desalinated drinking water on metabolic and insulin resistance parameters among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled clinical trial
RCT evaluating the effect of adding magnesium chloride to desalinated drinking water on glycemic and metabolic parameters in 102 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Significant improvements were observed in HbA1C, insulin levels, and insulin resistance in the group receiving 50 mg/L magnesium, but no significant changes in fasting blood glucose or lipid profile.
Effect of a Combination of Magnesium, B Vitamins, Rhodiola, and Green Tea (L-Theanine) on Chronically Stressed Healthy Individuals-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.
RCT evaluating the effect of a combination of magnesium, B vitamins, rhodiola, and green tea/l-theanine on stress in chronically stressed individuals. The combination significantly decreased DASS-42 stress scores and improved sleep and pain perception over 28 days, with effects persisting at Day 56.
Therapeutic effects of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating the symptoms of restless legs syndrome: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
RCT assessing the efficacy of magnesium and vitamin B6 in alleviating symptoms of restless legs syndrome. 75 patients were assigned to magnesium, vitamin B6, or placebo groups. After two months, magnesium and vitamin B6 significantly improved sleep quality and reduced disease severity compared to placebo.
Effects of probiotic and magnesium co-supplementation on mood, cognition, intestinal barrier function and inflammation in individuals with obesity and depressed mood: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
RCT of 74 participants with obesity and depressed mood, testing probiotic and magnesium co-supplementation for 9 weeks. The intervention reduced CRP levels, indicating decreased inflammation, but had no significant effects on mood, cognition, or intestinal integrity.
Effect of short-term magnesium supplementation on anxiety, depression and sleep quality in patients after open-heart surgery.
RCT evaluating the effect of magnesium supplementation on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality in 60 patients after open-heart surgery. The intervention group received 500 mg of magnesium daily for five days. Results showed significantly lower anxiety and depression levels and improved sleep quality in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Update on intrathecal management of cerebral vasospasm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intrathecal management strategies for cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Intraventricular nimodipine and cisternal magnesium were among the therapies analyzed, with findings suggesting these treatments can reduce vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia, and improve functional outcomes.
Effect of magnesium supplementation in improving hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
This randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial examined the effects of magnesium supplementation on hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, and sleep quality in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study aimed to assess the potential benefits of magnesium in improving these symptoms associated with PCOS.
Osteoinductive Bone Morphogenic Protein, Collagen Scaffold, Calcium Phosphate Cement, and Magnesium-Based Fixation Enhance Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tendon Graft to Bone Healing In Animal Models: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of in vivo animal models analyzing osteoinductive materials for enhancing tendon graft-bone interface in ACL reconstruction. Promising materials include collagen scaffold with osteoinductive molecules, calcium phosphate cement, and magnesium-based fixation devices.
Short-Term Magnesium Therapy Alleviates Moderate Stress in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial.
Randomized, double-blind trial in fibromyalgia patients comparing oral magnesium 100 mg to placebo for 1 month. Magnesium significantly reduced mild/moderate stress and pain severity, suggesting it could be a useful treatment for fibromyalgia.
Magnesium and imidazole propionate.
RCT within the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial tested the effect of magnesium treatment on imidazole propionate (ImP) levels in 68 participants. Magnesium treatment significantly reduced ImP by 39.9% compared to a 6.0% increase in the placebo arm. The study suggests a potential link between magnesium intake and microbial production of ImP.
Use of resorbable magnesium screws in children: systematic review of the literature and short-term follow-up from our series
Systematic review and retrospective analysis of resorbable magnesium screws in orthopaedic procedures for skeletally immature patients. The study included 14 patients with a mean age of 10.8 years, showing successful healing without implant-related adverse reactions. The review found limited evidence in children but promising results in adults.
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study of Magnesium Supplementation in Patients with XMEN Disease.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated magnesium supplementation in patients with XMEN disease. The study found that magnesium supplementation did not significantly rescue NKG2D expression or affect EBV status, indicating it is unlikely to be an effective therapeutic option for XMEN disease.
Effect of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on mental health and quality of life in stressed healthy adults: Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
Post-hoc analysis of an 8-week RCT in stressed adults with low magnesemia, comparing magnesium + vitamin B6 to magnesium alone. Both treatments improved DASS-42 anxiety and depression scores, with greater stress reduction and QoL improvement in the combination group.
Intravenously injected lidocaine or magnesium improves the quality of early recovery after laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Single-centre, prospective, randomised, double-blind study of 114 patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Magnesium sulphate improved the quality of recovery through enhanced physical comfort and independence compared to saline. Lidocaine had limited effects on recovery quality.
The effects of combined magnesium and zinc supplementation on metabolic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease.
RCT of 60 patients with CHD and T2DM comparing magnesium and zinc supplementation to placebo for 12 weeks. Magnesium and zinc significantly improved fasting plasma glucose, insulin levels, HDL-cholesterol, CRP, total nitrite, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced depression and anxiety scores.
Clinical and Metabolic Responses to Magnesium Supplementation in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
RCT of 60 women with PCOS examining the effects of magnesium supplementation (250 mg magnesium oxide) for 8 weeks. Magnesium supplementation resulted in reduced BMI and testosterone levels, increased DHEA concentrations, and may increase serum LH levels. No significant effects on glycemic variables and lipid profile were observed.
Magnesium status and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis explores the association between serum magnesium levels and ADHD by summarizing data from seven observational studies. The analysis found that subjects with ADHD had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared to healthy controls, suggesting an inverse relationship between magnesium deficiency and ADHD.
The Association Between Serum Magnesium and Premenstrual Syndrome: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 observational studies assessing the association between serum magnesium and premenstrual syndrome (PMS). No significant association was found between serum magnesium and PMS, except in studies conducted outside the USA where serum magnesium was lower in PMS subjects. Heterogeneity between studies was noted.
Superiority of magnesium and vitamin B6 over magnesium alone on severe stress in healthy adults with low magnesemia: A randomized, single-blind clinical trial.
This randomized, single-blind clinical trial evaluated the effects of magnesium and vitamin B6 supplementation on stress in adults with low magnesemia. Both magnesium alone and magnesium with vitamin B6 significantly reduced stress scores, with no statistical difference between the groups overall. However, in subjects with severe/extremely severe stress, the combination showed a greater improvement.
Decreased serum magnesium levels in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies examining magnesium levels in patients with depression. The analysis found lower serum magnesium levels in depressed patients compared to controls, but no significant differences in plasma and CSF magnesium levels. Caution is advised in associating magnesium levels with depression.
The effect of magnesium supplementation on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease—a randomised clinical trial (MAGiCAL-CKD): essential study design and rationale
This paper describes the design and rationale of a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled multicentre clinical trial investigating whether oral magnesium supplementation can prevent the progression of coronary artery calcification in subjects with predialysis chronic kidney disease. The trial will randomise 250 subjects to 12 months of treatment with either slow-release magnesium hydroxide or placebo, with the primary endpoint being the change in coronary artery calcification score.
Serum Magnesium Levels in Preterm Infants Are Higher Than Adult Levels: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 47 studies quantifying serum magnesium levels in neonates. The study highlights the pattern of magnesium levels in newborns, factors influencing these levels, and the risks associated with elevated magnesium levels.
Magnesium status and magnesium therapy in cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on arrhythmia prevention.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs investigating magnesium administration in cardiac surgery patients for arrhythmia prevention. Magnesium reduced atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias postoperatively without significant adverse events.
Effect of magnesium supplementation on lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluated the effect of oral magnesium supplementation on lipid profiles in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. The analysis found no significant effects of magnesium on plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, or triglycerides.
Effect of magnesium supplementation on type 2 diabetes associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating magnesium supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Magnesium supplementation significantly improved fasting plasma glucose, HDL, LDL, plasma triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure, suggesting a potential decrease in T2D associated cardiovascular disease risk.
Magnesium in Migraine Prophylaxis-Is There an Evidence-Based Rationale? A Systematic Review.
Systematic review evaluating the evidence for magnesium in migraine prophylaxis. Out of five clinical trials, some showed a significant reduction in migraine attacks with magnesium compared to placebo. The review concludes that magnesium dicitrate (600 mg) may be a safe and cost-efficient strategy for migraine prevention.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effects of magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glucose control.
A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effect of oral magnesium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and glucose control in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Significant improvement was observed in the HOMA-IR index with magnesium supplementation, particularly for durations of 4 months or more, suggesting benefits in glucose metabolic disorders.