Research
Lutein
117 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Lutein and zeaxanthin for reducing morbidity and mortality in preterm infants.
Meta-analysis of five studies involving 666 preterm infants assessing lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation. The supplementation probably reduces the incidence of ROP stage 3 and above but may have little or no effect on ROP at any stage, IVH, NEC, or mortality during NICU stay. No adverse effects were reported.
Oral Antioxidant and Lutein/Zeaxanthin Supplements Slow Geographic Atrophy Progression to the Fovea in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
Post hoc analysis of AREDS and AREDS2 trials assessing oral micronutrient supplementation in age-related macular degeneration. Lutein/zeaxanthin and antioxidants slowed geographic atrophy progression toward the central macula, suggesting a protective effect on foveal sparing.
Role of Lutein Supplements in the Management of Dry Eye Syndrome: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of six RCTs involving 584 subjects examining the effects of lutein supplementation on dry eye disease (DED). Lutein dosages ranged from 3 mg/day to 20 mg/day, with treatment durations from 4 to 12 weeks. Some studies showed improvements in subjective symptoms and objective measures like tear break-up time, while others reported no significant differences, indicating heterogeneity in outcomes.
"Analysis of Macular Pigment Optical Density in Childhood: A Systematic Review".
This systematic review examines the relationship between Macular Pigment Optical Density (MPOD) values and cognitive and visual function in children. It includes 13 studies, with some analyzing the dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin. The review suggests that lutein and zeaxanthin accumulation is important during childhood development, with a stronger correlation to cognitive function than visual function.
The neuropharmacological and clinical effects of lutein: a systematic review.
Systematic review of 17 studies investigating the effects of lutein on neurodegenerative diseases. Findings include potential improvements in cognitive function and reduction in Alzheimer's disease progression, though results are mixed and limited for other neurodegenerative diseases.
The Effect of Dietary Supplementations on Delaying the Progression of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of dietary supplements on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) progression. Lutein and zeaxanthin combined with omega-3 LC-PUFA showed significant improvements in visual acuity and electroretinogram results, suggesting potential benefits in preventing AMD progression.
The effect of lutein and Zeaxanthine on dyslipidemia: A meta-analysis study.
Meta-analysis investigating the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on dyslipidemia. L/Z supplementation had no effect on total cholesterol and LDL-C levels but significantly increased HDL-C levels in older adults.
Management of Cystoid Macular Edema in Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating treatments for cystoid macular edema in retinitis pigmentosa. Included treatments were carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, steroids, anti-VEGF therapy, NSAIDs, LASER therapies, vitrectomy, lutein supplement, and oral minocycline. CAIs and local steroids were effective in reducing central macular thickness, but evidence quality was poor due to study design and small sample sizes.
Effect of macular pigment carotenoids on cognitive functions: A systematic review.
This systematic review analyzes the relationship between macular pigment density and cognitive functions, focusing on lutein and zeaxanthin. It includes 19 studies, comprising seven RCTs and eleven observational studies, showing that increased intake of these carotenoids improves cognitive functions such as memory, processing speed, attention, and reasoning.
The Effect of Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake on Human Macular Pigment Optical Density: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 46 studies with 3189 participants evaluating the effect of lutein/zeaxanthin intake on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in adults with healthy eyes. Higher doses of lutein/zeaxanthin intake were associated with increased MPOD, suggesting benefits for ocular health.
Green leafy vegetable and lutein intake and multiple health outcomes.
Review of 24 meta-analyses examining the association between green leafy vegetable and lutein intake with multiple health outcomes. GLV intake was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease, and stroke. Lutein intake was inversely associated with age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, and several diseases.
Lutein Has a Positive Impact on Brain Health in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Cohort Studies.
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies examining the impact of lutein on brain health in older adults. The review found that lutein intake is positively associated with brain activities, resting-state connectivity, and gray matter volumes, suggesting beneficial effects on brain health.
Lutein supplementation and retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis assessing the safety and effectiveness of oral lutein in preventing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in preterm neonates. Data from three RCTs with 406 participants showed no reduction in ROP incidence or other risks, though it may reduce the number of transfusions.
Effectiveness of nanoscale delivery systems on improving the bioavailability of lutein in rodent models: a systematic review.
This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of nanoscale delivery systems on improving lutein bioavailability in rodent models. Various delivery systems, including polymer nanoparticles and emulsions, significantly improved lutein bioavailability, as evidenced by increased plasma concentrations and enhanced accumulation in the liver and eyes.
Effects of Lutein and Astaxanthin Intake on the Improvement of Cognitive Functions among Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review of RCTs evaluating the effects of lutein and astaxanthin on cognitive functions. Lutein showed consistent improvement in visual episodic memory in young and middle-aged adults, while inhibition was observed in middle-aged and older adults. Astaxanthin showed significant improvement in verbal episodic memory in one study.
Effects of lutein supplementation in age-related macular degeneration.
Meta-analysis of nine RCTs involving 920 eyes with age-related macular degeneration. Lutein supplementation (10 or 20 mg per day) was associated with increased macular pigment optical density, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Higher doses and longer treatment showed faster and greater increases in MPOD.
The effects of lutein on cardiometabolic health across the life course: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 71 articles with 387,569 participants evaluating lutein's effects on cardiometabolic outcomes. Higher lutein intake or blood concentration was associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and metabolic syndrome, but not type 2 diabetes. Evidence mainly from observational studies in adults.
Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Meso-zeaxanthin Supplementation Associated with Macular Pigment Optical Density.
Meta-analysis of 20 RCTs involving 938 AMD patients and 826 healthy subjects evaluating the effects of lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Supplementation was associated with a significant increase in MPOD in both AMD patients and healthy subjects, with a greater increase observed in trials including meso-zeaxanthin.
Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation and association with visual function in age-related macular degeneration.
Meta-analysis of eight RCTs involving 1176 AMD patients evaluating lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation. Supplementation was associated with significant improvements in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and macular pigment optical density, indicating a positive effect on visual performance in AMD patients.
Role of lutein supplementation in the management of age-related macular degeneration: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of five RCTs with 445 participants examining lutein supplementation in age-related macular degeneration. Lutein significantly improved macular pigment optical density and mildly improved visual acuity compared to placebo.
A dose-response meta-analysis of dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake in relation to risk of age-related cataract.
Meta-analysis of six prospective cohort studies involving 4,416 cases and 41,999 participants examined the association between dietary lutein and zeaxanthin intake and risk of age-related cataract. Significant inverse association was found for nuclear cataract with higher intake of lutein and zeaxanthin, indicating a beneficial effect in ARC prevention.
Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: the Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial.
The AREDS2 randomized clinical trial evaluated the addition of lutein + zeaxanthin and DHA + EPA to the AREDS formulation for reducing the risk of progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in 4203 participants. The study found no statistically significant reduction in AMD progression with these additions. However, a potential increased incidence of lung cancer was noted in the beta carotene group, suggesting lutein + zeaxanthin as a safer carotenoid substitute.
Lutein/zeaxanthin for the treatment of age-related cataract: AREDS2 randomized trial report no. 4.
The AREDS2 randomized trial investigated the effect of daily oral supplementation with lutein/zeaxanthin on the risk of cataract surgery in 4203 participants. The study found no statistically significant overall effect on rates of cataract surgery or vision loss, although a subgroup with low dietary intake showed some benefit.
The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2): study design and baseline characteristics (AREDS2 report number 1).
The AREDS2 study is a multicenter, phase III randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of lutein plus zeaxanthin and/or omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in reducing the risk of developing advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The study involves 4203 participants aged 50 to 85 with bilateral intermediate AMD or advanced AMD in one eye.
Effect of lutein supplementation on blood lipids and advanced glycation end products in adults with central obesity: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of lutein supplementation in adults with central obesity. The study found significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and malonaldehyde levels in the lutein group compared to placebo. Lutein intake improved metabolic health by increasing plasma lutein concentrations, reducing oxidative stress, and downregulating advanced glycation end products.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and Elderberries on Dry Eye Disease (DED) and Immunity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT of 110 participants assessing the effects of lutein, zeaxanthin, and elderberry supplementation on dry eye disease and immunity. The intervention significantly reduced OSDI scores and improved VAS scores, indicating enhanced ocular health. However, no significant improvement in immune status was observed compared to placebo.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation Improves Dynamic Visual and Cognitive Performance in Children: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel, Placebo-Controlled Study.
RCT of 60 children aged 5-12 years testing lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation versus placebo for 180 days. The LZ group showed significant improvements in macular pigment optical density, serum lutein levels, reduced eye strain and fatigue, and enhanced cognitive performance including focus, episodic memory, and visuospatial working memory. No safety concerns were observed.
Lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation attenuates inflammatory cytokines and markers of oxidative cardiovascular processes in humans.
Double-blind placebo-controlled study on lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin supplementation in humans. The active group showed significant increases in serum carotenoid levels and reductions in inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, as well as oxidized LDL, compared to placebo.
Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Combination with Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessed the effects of LCPUFAs combined with lutein and zeaxanthin on memory function in healthy older adults. The supplementation did not significantly affect memory in those with memory complaints but improved memory in those with cognitive decline.
The Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Adults With Self-Reported Mild Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
A 6-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 90 adults aged 40-75 years, examining the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cognitive function. Supplementation improved visual episodic memory and visual learning compared to placebo, but had no significant effects on other cognitive or self-report measures.
A Randomized Study of Nutritional Supplementation in Patients with Unilateral Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
A multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a nutritional supplement adding DHA, lutein, zeaxanthin, resveratrol, and hydroxytyrosol to the AREDS formula in patients with unilateral wet AMD. The intervention did not significantly affect visual acuity compared to the control but improved the fatty acid profile, serum lutein and zeaxanthin levels, and reduced inflammatory cytokines.
The ALGOVUE Clinical Trial: Effects of the Daily Consumption of Eggs Enriched with Lutein and Docosahexaenoic Acid on Plasma Composition and Macular Pigment Optical Density.
RCT of 99 healthy volunteers consuming two eggs enriched with lutein/zeaxanthin and DHA daily for 4 months. The study found a slight increase in macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and significant increases in plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and DHA concentrations, especially in the enriched group. A correlation was observed between MPOD and lutein concentration in HDL.
Effect of a Novel Multi-Ingredient Formulation on Management of Dry Eye Discomfort in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Human Clinical Study
RCT of a multi-ingredient formulation containing lutein, zeaxanthin, curcumin, and vitamin D3 in 60 subjects with mild to moderate dry eye symptoms. The test group showed significant improvements in tear volume, TBUT, and reductions in dry eye discomfort, corneal & conjunctival staining, tear osmolarity, and MMP-9 levels compared to placebo. The formulation was well tolerated with no adverse events.
Higher circulating α-carotene was associated with better cognitive function: an evaluation among the MIND trial participants.
The study examined the association between plasma nutrients and cognition in participants of the MIND trial. High plasma α-carotene was associated with better global cognition and higher semantic memory scores. Lutein and zeaxanthin were also positively associated with higher semantic memory scores.
Clinical Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Lutein with High Bio-Accessibility on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Contrast Sensitivity: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Parallel-Group Comparison Trial.
RCT of 59 healthy adults comparing 12 mg lutein supplementation to placebo for 16 weeks. The lutein group showed significantly improved macular pigment optical density, contrast sensitivity, and glare sensitivity, along with increased serum lutein levels.
Lutein Intake and Blood Lutein Concentration Are Positively Associated with Physical Activity in Adults: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of 17 studies examining the relationship between lutein status (dietary intake/blood concentration) and physical activity. Eleven studies reported positive associations, suggesting higher lutein status may be associated with higher levels of physical activity.
The effects of lutein on respiratory health across the life course: A systematic review.
Systematic review of studies evaluating lutein's association with respiratory outcomes. The review included one RCT, two longitudinal, four prospective, and six cross-sectional studies. Some studies found a positive association between lutein intake or levels and respiratory function, while others found no association. A longitudinal study showed higher lutein levels were associated with decreased respiratory mortality.
Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST): design and methodology of the CREST randomized controlled trials.
The Central Retinal Enrichment Supplementation Trials (CREST) are double-blind, randomized clinical trials investigating the impact of macular pigment enrichment through supplementation with lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on visual function. Trial 1 involves normal subjects, while Trial 2 involves subjects with early age-related macular degeneration. Primary outcome is contrast sensitivity, with secondary outcomes including visual acuity and cognitive function.
Association between lutein and zeaxanthin status and the risk of cataract: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between blood lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and the risk of age-related cataract. Significant inverse associations were found between nuclear cataract and blood lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations, with pooled RRs indicating a decreased risk. No significant associations were found for other regions of the lens.
Lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm very low-birth-weight neonates in neonatal intensive care units: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.
A multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in Italian neonatal intensive care units studied the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation in preterm infants. The study found no significant effect on threshold ROP, NEC, or BPD, although there were decreasing trends in these outcomes in the treatment group. The supplementation was well tolerated.
Lutein and zeaxanthin intake and the risk of age-related macular degeneration: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the relationship between dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) risk. The analysis found no significant association with early AMD risk, but a protective effect against late AMD and neovascular AMD risk.
Clinical trial of lutein in patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A.
RCT of 225 nonsmoking patients with retinitis pigmentosa receiving vitamin A, comparing 12 mg lutein supplementation to control over 4 years. Lutein slowed loss of midperipheral visual field, particularly in those with higher serum lutein levels or increased macular pigment optical density.
[Lutein and antioxidants in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration].
Meta-analysis discussing the role of lutein, zeaxanthin, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The paper highlights conflicting results from various studies, including the AREDS study, which showed significant effects of antioxidant supplementation in certain AMD patient groups, but no proven positive effect of lutein and omega-3 fatty acids by randomized studies.
Enhanced Oral Bioavailability of Lutein and Zeaxanthin via a Self-Emulsifying Delivery System: A Randomized, Double-Blind Cross-Over Study.
This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study evaluated the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin in a test supplement compared to a reference supplement in 24 male subjects. The test supplement showed significantly higher plasma concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, suggesting enhanced bioavailability and potential benefits for eye health.
Bioavailability of Lutein from Marigold Flowers (Free vs. Ester Forms): A Randomised Cross-Over Study to Assess Serum Response and Visual Contrast Threshold in Adults.
Randomized cross-over study assessing the bioavailability of lutein from free vs. ester forms in 24 healthy adults. Serum lutein increased significantly after 15 days of supplementation, with no differences between free and ester forms. Visual contrast threshold responses were not different between forms, but correlations were found between serum lutein and visual outcomes under glare conditions.
Systemic Effects of Prenatal Carotenoid Supplementation in the Mother and her Child: The Lutein and Zeaxanthin in Pregnancy (L-ZIP) Randomized Trial -Report Number 1.
RCT investigating the effect of prenatal carotenoid supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin on maternal and infant systemic carotenoid status. Significant increases in maternal and infant serum and skin carotenoid concentrations were observed in the Carotenoid group compared to the Control group.
Efficacy of lutein supplements on macular pigment optical density in highly myopic individuals: A randomized controlled trial.
RCT evaluating lutein supplementation in highly myopic individuals over 6 months. Lutein significantly increased macular pigment optical density in patients with axial length less than 28.25 mm, but visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and electroretinogram values were similar between lutein and control groups.
Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Single-Blind Study of Lutein Supplementation on Carotenoid Status and Cognition in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis.
RCT of 21 adults with relapse-remitting MS examining 4-month lutein supplementation effects on carotenoid status and cognition. Lutein increased carotenoid status but had no significant effect on cognitive function. However, changes in macular carotenoids were associated with improved attention and memory.
Changes in Lutein Status Markers (Serum and Faecal Concentrations, Macular Pigment) in Response to a Lutein-Rich Fruit or Vegetable (Three Pieces/Day) Dietary Intervention in Normolipemic Subjects.
RCT assessing the effect of dietary intervention with lutein-rich fruit or vegetables on lutein status markers in 29 healthy normolipemic subjects. Serum lutein concentration increased by 37%, and lutein+zeaxanthin/HDL-cholesterol levels increased, particularly in the vegetable group. No significant changes were observed in macular pigment optical density.
The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on resting state functional connectivity in older Caucasian adults: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT investigating the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on brain function in 48 older adults using resting state fMRI. Contrary to expectations, lutein and zeaxanthin increased inter-network connectivity, suggesting enhanced integration between networks rather than a 'youth-like' pattern of brain activity.
An Open-Label Pilot Study on Macumax Supplementation for Dry-Type Age-Related Macular Degeneration.
An open-label pilot study evaluated the safety and efficacy of Macumax, a phyto-mineral nutritional supplement, in 40 patients with early-stage dry-type age-related macular degeneration over 90 days. The study found significant improvements in subjective vision scores and a reduction in abnormal Amsler's grid aberration scores, with no adverse events reported.
Effects of macular xanthophyll supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cognitive performance.
A 6-month double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 59 young, healthy subjects evaluated the effects of macular xanthophyll supplementation (lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin) on serum BDNF, antioxidant capacity, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cognitive performance. Supplementation significantly increased BDNF, MPOD, serum MXans, and AOC, while reducing IL-1β. Cognitive performance improved in memory, attention, and processing speed in treatment groups.
Dietary Carotenoids Lutein and Zeaxanthin Change Brain Activation in Older Adult Participants: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
RCT investigating the effects of 12 mg lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on brain activation in older adults. Supplementation improved signal power at certain frequencies, suggesting potential benefits for visual processing and brain health.
Supplemental Retinal Carotenoids Enhance Memory in Healthy Individuals with Low Levels of Macular Pigment in A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the impact of supplemental lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin on memory in healthy individuals with low macular pigment levels. The active group showed significant improvements in memory compared to the placebo group, with improvements related to increases in macular pigment volume and serum concentrations of lutein.
Effect of Long-Term Xanthophyll and Anthocyanin Supplementation on Lutein and Zeaxanthin Serum Concentrations and Macular Pigment Optical Density in Postmenopausal Women.
RCT of 72 postmenopausal women assessing the effects of lutein, zeaxanthin, and anthocyanin supplementation on serum concentrations and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) over 8 months. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations increased in groups receiving xanthophylls, but MPOD was not modified.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation With Lutein, Zeaxanthin, and ω-3 on Macular Pigment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
RCT of 120 participants assessing the effect of dietary supplementation with lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in individuals with a family history of neovascular AMD. The study found no significant change in MPOD after 6 months of supplementation, despite increased plasma levels of lutein and zeaxanthin.
Provitamin A-biofortified maize consumption increases serum xanthophylls andC-natural abundance of retinol in Zambian children.
This RCT evaluated the impact of consuming provitamin A-biofortified orange maize on serum carotenoid concentrations and C-natural abundance in serum retinol in Zambian children. The study found increased levels of xanthophylls lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin in children consuming orange maize compared to a white maize control, indicating the efficacy of orange maize in providing retinol to the vitamin A pool.
Effects of Lutein/Zeaxanthin Supplementation on the Cognitive Function of Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Double-masked, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 62 older adults, with data from 51 participants, testing the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cognitive function. Supplementation led to significant increases in macular pigment optical density and improvements in complex attention and cognitive flexibility, with a trend towards improved executive function. Male participants showed improved composite memory.
Effects of a Lutein and Zeaxanthin Intervention on Cognitive Function: A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Younger Healthy Adults.
A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on cognitive function in young, healthy adults. The study found that supplementation increased macular pigment optical density and resulted in significant improvements in spatial memory, reasoning ability, and complex attention.
Serum and macular response to carotenoid-enriched egg supplementation in human subjects: the Egg Xanthophyll Intervention clinical Trial (EXIT).
Single-blind placebo-controlled study of L- and MZ-enriched eggs versus control eggs in human subjects over 8 weeks. Serum carotenoid concentrations increased significantly in both groups, more so in the enriched egg group. No significant increase in macular pigment or visual performance was observed. Total cholesterol increased but remained within normative range.
Effect of supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin on serum, macular pigmentation, and visual performance in patients with early age-related macular degeneration.
RCT of 112 early AMD patients comparing multiple doses of lutein/zeaxanthin to placebo over 2 years. Serum lutein concentration and macular pigment optical density significantly increased in all active treatment groups, with 20mg lutein being most effective initially. No significant changes in best-spectacle corrected visual acuity or flash recovery time were observed.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on photostress recovery, glare disability, and chromatic contrast.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on visual performance in 115 young, healthy subjects over 1 year. Supplementation increased macular pigment optical density and serum levels, and improved chromatic contrast and photostress recovery time compared to placebo.
Changes following supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin in retinal function in eyes with early age-related macular degeneration: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of 112 patients with early age-related macular degeneration comparing supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin to placebo over 2 years. Supplementation increased macular pigment optical density and enhanced retinal sensitivity, particularly with lutein.
The effect of modified eggs and an egg-yolk based beverage on serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and macular pigment optical density: results from a randomized trial.
RCT with 100 healthy volunteers randomized into 5 groups to study the effect of lutein or zeaxanthin enriched eggs or a lutein enriched egg-yolk based beverage on serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations and macular pigment levels. Significant increases in serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations were observed, but no changes in macular pigment density.
A randomized placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on visual processing speed in young healthy subjects.
RCT with 69 young healthy subjects testing the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on visual processing speed. The study found that supplementation improved macular pigment optical density and temporal contrast sensitivity function, indicating increased processing speed.
Glare disability, photostress recovery, and chromatic contrast: relation to macular pigment and serum lutein and zeaxanthin.
The study examined the relationship between macular pigment density and visual functions such as photostress recovery, glare disability, and chromatic contrast in 150 young healthy subjects. Results showed significant correlations between macular pigment density and serum lutein and zeaxanthin levels, as well as improvements in visual functions.
Long term effects of lutein, zeaxanthin and omega-3-LCPUFAs supplementation on optical density of macular pigment in AMD patients: the LUTEGA study.
The LUTEGA study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigating the long-term effects of lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3-LCPUFAs, and antioxidants on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in 172 patients with non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). After 12 months, MPOD parameters increased significantly in treatment groups compared to placebo, and best-corrected visual acuity improved, suggesting a protective effect on the macula.
The effect of lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods v. supplements on macular pigment level and serological markers of endothelial activation, inflammation and oxidation: pilot studies in healthy volunteers.
Two 8-week intervention studies compared the effects of lutein- and zeaxanthin-rich foods and supplements on macular pigment level (MPL) and serological markers in healthy volunteers. No significant effects on MPL or markers of endothelial activation, inflammation, or oxidation were observed. However, changes in serum lutein and zeaxanthin were associated with changes in MPL in some participants.
Improvement of retinal function in early age-related macular degeneration after lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial.
Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on retinal function in early AMD patients. Significant improvements in N1P1 response densities were observed in the 20 mg lutein group and the lutein and zeaxanthin group after 48 weeks, suggesting potential benefits for central retina function.
Profiles of macular pigment optical density and their changes following supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin: new results from the LUNA study.
The study analyzed macular pigment optical density changes following a 6-month supplementation of lutein and zeaxanthin in 97 subjects. Results showed a general increase in macular pigment values, particularly in eyes without ring structures, but no new ring structures were generated. The supplementation led to effective retinal stabilization at pericentral locations.
Changes in macular pigment optical density and serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin in response to weight loss.
RCT investigating the association between weight loss and changes in serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as macular pigment optical density, in 104 overweight subjects. Significant weight loss was observed in the intervention group, with a positive relationship between body fat loss and increased serum lutein concentrations, suggesting body fat acts as a reservoir for lutein.
A randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of nutritional supplementation on visual function in normal, and age-related macular disease affected eyes: design and methodology [ISRCTN78467674].
RCT investigating the effect of a nutritional supplement containing lutein, vitamins A, C, E, zinc, and copper on visual function in individuals with and without age-related macular disease. Outcome measures include visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and glare recovery, with data collection at nine and 18 months.
Bioprocess development to enhance biomass and lutein production from Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12.
The study focused on optimizing bioprocess conditions for microalgal lutein production from Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12. Key parameters such as nutrient ratios, temperature, light, and salinity were examined, resulting in enhanced lutein yields and biomass production. The optimized conditions led to a maximum lutein productivity and yield, suggesting potential for commercial lutein production.
A bigel based formulation protects lutein better in the gastric environment with controlled release and antioxidant profile than other gel based systems.
The study evaluated various gel formulations on the delivery and antioxidant activity of lutein. Bigels with different compositions were compared, showing that an increase in hydrogel composition improved lutein release. The highest release was recorded for emulsion gel and bigel with 25% oleogel. Antioxidant activity was lower in gastric medium than in simulated intestinal fluid.
Enhanced encapsulation of lutein using soy protein isolate nanoparticles prepared by pulsed electric field and pH shifting treatment.
The study investigated the use of soy protein isolate nanoparticles, modified by pulsed electric field and pH shifting treatment, to enhance the encapsulation efficiency and stability of lutein. The modified nanoparticles showed improved encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity for lutein compared to the original soy protein isolate.
Enhanced mixotrophic production of lutein and lipid from potential microalgae isolate Chlorella sorokiniana C16.
The study focuses on optimizing the production of lutein and lipid from the microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana C16. It highlights the potential of this strain for commercial lutein production, which is beneficial for eye health, under a sustainable biorefinery scheme.
Bioprospecting of marine microalgae from Kaohsiung Seacoast for lutein and lipid production.
Bioprospecting study of marine microalgae from Kaohsiung Seacoast aimed at isolating a lutein-producing strain. Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 was identified and optimized for lutein and lipid extraction under a biorefinery concept, achieving high yields of biomass and lutein.
Green extraction of lutein from marigold flower petals, process optimization and its potential to improve the oxidative stability of sunflower oil
The study optimized the extraction of lutein from marigold flower petals using ultrasound-assisted extraction to improve the oxidative stability of sunflower oil. Lutein extracted at 1000 PPM showed better oxidative stability in sunflower oil compared to 500 PPM lutein and control oil during accelerated storage.
An efficient process for the extraction of lutein and chemical characterization of other organic volatiles from marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) flower.
The study developed an efficient green process for extracting lutein from marigold petals, achieving improved yield and purity compared to conventional methods. It also analyzed the essential oil of residual receptacles, identifying organic volatiles like piperitone and piperitenone oxide.
High-cell-density heterotrophic cultivation of microalga Chlorella sorokiniana FZU60 for achieving ultra-high lutein production efficiency.
The study explores heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana FZU60 to improve lutein production efficiency. The highest lutein productivity was achieved at 30°C with an initial cell concentration of 1.40 g/L. A fed-batch strategy using concentrated urea-N medium resulted in ultra-high lutein production and productivity, demonstrating enhanced commercial viability of microalgae-derived lutein.
A priori design of new natural deep eutectic solvent for lutein recovery from microalgae.
The study focuses on the design and application of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) for lutein recovery from Scenedesmus sp. The novel fenchyl alcohol/thymol-based system was evaluated for its extraction efficiency and stability of lutein under various conditions, showing improved yield and stability compared to conventional methods.
Characterization and formation mechanism of lutein pickering emulsion gels stabilized by β-lactoglobulin-gum arabic composite colloidal nanoparticles
The paper describes the fabrication of β-lactoglobulin-gum arabic composite nanoparticles as stabilizers for lutein delivery in Pickering emulsion gels. The emulsion gels showed high resistance against flocculation and coalescence, retaining up to 91.1% of lutein after 12 weeks of storage.
Pickering emulsion gel stabilized by octenylsuccinate quinoa starch granule as lutein carrier: Role of the gel network.
The study developed a Pickering emulsion gel stabilized by octenylsuccinate quinoa starch granules as a carrier for lutein. The gel network was modulated by varying the oil volume fraction, affecting droplet size, storage modulus, and viscosity. The retention index of lutein in the emulsion gel reached 55.38% after 31 days, with half-life times increasing from 12 to 41 days.
Zein/soluble soybean polysaccharide composite nanoparticles for encapsulation and oral delivery of lutein
The study developed zein/soluble soybean polysaccharide composite nanoparticles to encapsulate lutein, enhancing its aqueous solubility and chemical stability. The encapsulation efficiency was over 80%, and the bioaccessibility of encapsulated lutein was significantly higher than non-encapsulated lutein. The nanoparticles were non-toxic and biocompatible, suggesting potential use in beverages or functional foods.
Effects of MacuprevSupplementation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Double-Blind Randomized Morpho-Functional Study Along 6 Months of Follow-Up.
Double-blind RCT evaluating Macuprev supplementation in 30 patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration over 6 months. Macuprev increased macular function as measured by mfERG response amplitude density, with no significant changes in retinal and choroidal structure.
Lutein Complex Supplementation Increases Ocular Blood Flow Biomarkers in Healthy Subjects.
This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, two-period crossover study investigated the effects of lutein complex supplementation on ocular blood flow in 16 healthy female subjects. The lutein complex increased mean superior retinal capillary blood flow and decreased avascular areas in the retina, as well as reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo.
Randomized controlled trial of a water-soluble formulation of lutein in humans.
Double-blind crossover trial with eight healthy males comparing a water-soluble formulation of lutein to a lutein oil suspension over 8 days. The water-soluble formulation resulted in two-fold higher plasma and erythrocyte lutein concentrations and baseline-corrected AUC compared to the oil suspension.
Nutritional Intervention to Prevent Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Benefits of Xanthophyll Carotenoids and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Combined.
RCT investigating the impact of supplemental xanthophyll carotenoids and omega-3 fatty acids on Alzheimer's disease progression. Patients receiving the combination of xanthophyll carotenoids and fish oil showed greater increases in carotenoid concentration and less disease progression, with reported functional benefits in memory, sight, and mood.
Lutein and Zeaxanthin Influence Brain Function in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT investigating the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on brain function in 44 older adults using fMRI. Supplementation appeared to buffer cognitive decline on a verbal learning task and enhanced cerebral perfusion, with significant increases in left prefrontal activation in the supplement group.
Mono- and diglycerides improve lutein absorption in healthy adults: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, single-dose study.
Randomised, double-blind, cross-over study in 24 healthy adults comparing lutein absorption from capsules containing high-oleic safflower oil versus mono- and diglycerides (MDG) oil. Lutein absorption was significantly higher in the MDG group, with greater changes in plasma lutein levels and adjusted AUC over time.
Additional consumption of one egg per day increases serum lutein plus zeaxanthin concentration and lowers oxidized low-density lipoprotein in moderately hypercholesterolemic males.
RCT with 19 moderately hypercholesterolemic males consuming one egg per day for 4 weeks. Serum lutein and zeaxanthin concentrations increased, while oxidized LDL levels decreased, suggesting reduced LDL oxidation susceptibility without adverse effects on serum cholesterol levels.
Effects of formulation on the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, comparative, single-dose study in healthy subjects.
This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study investigated the plasma kinetics of lutein provided as two different beadlet formulations in 48 healthy volunteers. The study found that the bioavailability of lutein and zeaxanthin significantly increased with both formulations, with the starch-matrix beadlet showing superior bioavailability compared to the alginate-matrix beadlet.
The effects of a lutein-based supplement on objective and subjective measures of retinal and visual function in eyes with age-related maculopathy -- a randomised controlled trial.
RCT assessing the effect of lutein-based supplementation on retinal and visual function in people with early stages of age-related maculopathy. No changes were observed between treated and non-treated groups during supplementation, but statistically significant increases in mfERG latencies and trends for reduced mfERG amplitudes were noted on supplement withdrawal, suggesting potential benefits.
Serum lutein and its dynamic changes during supplementation with lutein in Chinese subjects.
RCT with 37 healthy Chinese participants randomized to receive 6 mg lutein/d, 12 mg lutein/d, or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by 6 weeks of observation. Serum lutein levels increased significantly in the supplementation groups, with no adverse events or reductions in serum beta-carotene observed.
Lutein bioavailability from lutein ester-fortified fermented milk: in vivo and in vitro study.
The study assessed the bioavailability of lutein from lutein-fortified fermented milk using in vivo and in vitro approaches. Twenty-four volunteers were randomized to consume lutein-fortified fermented milk at two levels of fortification. Results showed a higher post-prandial response and net increments in serum lutein levels with the high-dose milk, supporting the suitability of fermented milk as a carrier of lutein esters.
The influence of supplemental lutein and docosahexaenoic acid on serum, lipoproteins, and macular pigmentation.
RCT involving 49 women aged 60-80 years, examining the effects of lutein and DHA supplementation on serum concentrations and macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Lutein increased MPOD eccentrically, while DHA resulted in central increases. Both supplements may aid in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration.
Dietary lutein, zeaxanthin, and fats and the progression of age-related macular degeneration.
Observational study of 254 subjects with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD) examining the effect of dietary lutein, zeaxanthin, and fats on AMD progression over 7 years. Increased intakes of lutein/zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids were associated with AMD progression, suggesting potential negative effects.
Effect of lutein and antioxidant dietary supplementation on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease: a randomized controlled trial.
A 9-month double-masked RCT at Aston University and a UK optometric practice studied the effect of 6 mg lutein combined with vitamins and minerals on contrast sensitivity in age-related macular disease. The study found no statistically significant improvement in contrast sensitivity between the active and placebo groups.
The effect of lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on metabolites of these carotenoids in the serum of persons aged 60 or older.
RCT investigating the effect of lutein supplementation at doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 10 mg/d for 6 months on serum levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, and their metabolites in elderly subjects. Significant increases in serum levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, and their metabolites were observed, with no apparent toxicity or side effects.
The effects of supplementation with lutein and/or zeaxanthin on human macular pigment density and colour vision.
RCT assessing the effects of lutein and/or zeaxanthin supplementation on macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and color vision in 24 normal trichromats. Supplementation increased MPOD but did not affect yellow-blue thresholds, while red-green vision showed marginal improvement.