Research

Lactobacillus brevis

133 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

9
Meta-analyses
3
Systematic reviews
115
RCTs
6
Other studies
Meta-analyses (7%)
Systematic reviews (2%)
RCTs (86%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2026·Maturitas·Ichiro Tsuboi, Shota Inoue, Yuki Maruyama, et al

Effect of Lactobacillus-based probiotics on genitourinary syndrome of menopause in post-menopausal women: A systematic review.

Systematic reviewn = 751Womens Health

Systematic review of nine studies with 751 patients evaluating Lactobacillus-based probiotics for genitourinary syndrome of menopause. Intravaginal Lactobacillus showed preventive effects for recurrent cystitis in some studies, but randomized controlled trials showed mixed or negative results compared to antibiotic prophylaxis. Evidence for improvement in urinary and vaginal symptoms was limited and heterogeneous.

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2026·Nutrients·Jessica R Allegretti, Zain Kassam, Colleen R Kelly, et al

A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial Evaluating Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation for Bloating, Gas, and Abdominal Discomfort.

RCTn = 350Gut Health Mood

RCT of 350 participants with self-reported bloating/indigestion comparing a multi-species synbiotic to placebo for 6 weeks. The synbiotic improved GI quality-of-life, reduced bloating and gas, decreased abdominal discomfort, and improved constipation symptoms and regularity.

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2026·Journal of cosmetic dermatology·Zain Ul Abedin, Asim Shah, Safa Mazhar, et al

Lactobacillus-Based Microbiome Therapy for Acne Vulgaris: A GRADE Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Meta-analysisn = 332Skin Hair Health -

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of Lactobacillus-based probiotics compared to placebo and benzoyl peroxide in reducing acne lesions. The analysis included five RCTs with 332 participants and found no significant reduction in inflammatory, non-inflammatory, or total acne lesion counts with Lactobacillus-based probiotics.

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2026·Journal of Ageing and Longevity·Robert J. Thomas, Madeleine Williams, J. Aldous, et al

The Effect of Boosting Dietary Lactobacillus and Phytochemical Rich Foods on Biomarkers of Longevity—A Phase II Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial

RCTn = 208Longevity Inflammation Physical Performance Hormone Health

This double-blind RCT evaluated the impact of boosting phytochemical rich foods and Lactobacillus probiotics on biomarkers of longevity in 208 men with early prostate cancer. The combination of phytochemicals and Lactobacillus improved grip strength, reduced systemic inflammation, and increased testosterone levels over 4 months.

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2026·Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·Maisah Meyhr D'Carmo Sodré, Ian David Araújo Cruz, Uener Ribeiro Santos, et al

Probiotic cell-free supernatants as a strategy against antimicrobial resistance: a systematic review.

Systematic review

Systematic review of 95 studies on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of Lactobacillus cell-free supernatants. The review highlights their potential as eco-friendly alternatives to combat antimicrobial resistance, demonstrating efficacy against multidrug-resistant pathogens and favorable physicochemical stability.

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2026·Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland·Zain Ul Abideen, Muhammad Hassan Waseem, Areeba Shoaib, et al

Comparing various bowel preparation regimens in constipated patients undergoing colonoscopy: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Meta-analysis

This systematic review and network meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of various bowel preparation regimens in constipated patients undergoing colonoscopy. The study found that the 14-day probiotic plus sodium phosphate regimen was ranked best for adequate bowel preparation and bloating, while the 3L PEG plus 3-day linaclotide regimen showed a reduction in abdominal pain.

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2025·The Lancet. Global health·Claus Klingenberg, Museveni Justine, Sabrina John Moyo, et al

Home administration of a multistrain probiotic once per day for 4 weeks to newborn infants in Tanzania (ProRIDE): a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial.

RCTn = 2,000Gut Health -

This double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial assessed the effect of a multistrain probiotic mixture on reducing death and hospitalisation in 2000 healthy infants in Tanzania. The study found no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome between the probiotic and placebo groups, with no short-term safety concerns reported.

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2025·International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·Mei-Ling Guo, Ya-Nuan Chen, Jian-Hong Fang, et al

Association of antibiotic treatment for second-trimester GBS with reduced miscarriage risk: Probiotic intervention shows no benefit.

RCTn = 228Womens Health -

RCT involving 228 GBS-positive pregnant women divided into antibiotic, probiotic, and non-intervention groups. Antibiotic intervention reduced the incidence of threatened miscarriage and miscarriage, while probiotic intervention showed no significant effect on GBS negative conversion or miscarriage risk.

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2024·Helicobacter·Vivek Mishra, Debabrata Dash, Aditya K Panda, et al

Efficacy of Lactobacillus spp. Supplementation in Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Trial Sequential Analysis.

Meta-analysisGut Health Inflammation

This meta-analysis of 26 RCTs evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus spp. supplementation on H. pylori eradication rates and associated side effects. Lactobacillus spp. significantly increased eradication rates and reduced gastrointestinal side effects when combined with standard therapy, offering a promising adjunctive treatment option.

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2022·PloS one·Rebecca F Slykerman, Eileen Li, Edwin A Mitchell

Probiotics for Reduction of Examination Stress in Students (PRESS) study: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001.

RCTn = 483Stress -Mental Clarity -

RCT of 483 undergraduate students testing the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 against placebo for stress and psychological wellbeing during examinations. No significant difference was found between groups, with COVID19 restrictions potentially influencing results.

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2022·Gut microbes·Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón, Tania Gandara-Martí, Ana T Abreu Y Abreu, et al

Probiotic improves symptomatic and viral clearance in Covid19 outpatients: a randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 300Immunity

A randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in Covid19 outpatients tested a probiotic formula. The probiotic group showed a higher rate of complete symptomatic and viral remission compared to placebo. Probiotic supplementation reduced nasopharyngeal viral load and increased specific IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV2, suggesting an immune interaction mechanism.

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2021·Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins·Vladimir Ivashkin, Victor Fomin, Sergey Moiseev, et al

Efficacy of a Probiotic Consisting of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 200Gut Health

RCT evaluating a multi-strain probiotic in 200 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The probiotic showed no significant effect on mortality or most biomarkers but was effective in treating COVID-19-associated diarrhea and preventing hospital-acquired diarrhea in patients receiving a single antibiotic.

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2021·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience·C. Mindus, Jennifer Ellis, N. van Staaveren, et al

Lactobacillus-Based Probiotics Reduce the Adverse Effects of Stress in Rodents: A Meta-analysis

Meta-analysisStress

Meta-analysis of 14 studies assessing the effects of Lactobacillus-based probiotics on stress responses in rodents. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced immobility in the Forced Swim Test in stressed rodents, indicating potential for managing stress-induced behavior.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2018·Medical hypotheses·Qin Xiang Ng, Christina Peters, Nandini Venkatanarayanan, et al

Use of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in females.

Meta-analysisn = 726Womens Health

Meta-analysis of 9 clinical trials with 726 patients reviewing the use of Lactobacillus spp. to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections in females. Different lactobacilli strains showed varying efficacy, with a pooled risk ratio of 0.684 for at least one recurrent UTI episode. Limitations include inter-study variability and limited follow-up duration.

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2017·PloS one·Yucheng Wu, Qingqing Zhang, Yin Ren, et al

Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials.

Meta-analysisn = 976

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs with 976 subjects assessing the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus on serum lipids. Probiotic Lactobacillus consumption significantly reduced total cholesterol and LDL-C. Subgroup analysis found significant reductions using L. plantarum and L. reuteri. No significant effects on triglycerides and HDL-C were found, except when consuming synbiotic food containing L. sporogenes and inulin.

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2013·Chinese medical journal·Zhi-Juan Wu, Xi DU, Jian Zheng

Role of Lactobacillus in the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-analysisn = 1,486Gut Health

Meta-analysis of seven placebo-controlled RCTs with 1486 subjects evaluating Lactobacillus for the prevention of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD). Lactobacillus, particularly L. acidophilus and L. casei, significantly reduced the risk of developing CDAD, especially in the elderly subgroup.

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2026·Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·Rui Xiao, Yeping He, Xuhua Mao, et al

A multi-strain probiotic formulation alleviates chronic constipation in middle-aged and older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 132Gut Health

RCT of a 28-day multi-strain probiotic in middle-aged and older adults with chronic constipation. Probiotics increased bowel movement frequency, improved stool form, reduced constipation symptoms, and positively altered gut microbiota and SCFA pathways.

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2026·European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology·Iris Janeth Portillo Gonzales, Ramon Armando Lobo Oliva, Betsaida María Colindres Cruz, et al

Lactobacillus, vitamin C, cranberry and hibiscus versus placebo for prolonging the latency period of premature rupture of membranes: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 84Womens Health

A double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of a supplement blend (lactobacillus, vitamin C, cranberry, and hibiscus) on the latency period after preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) in 84 patients. The intervention group had a significantly longer latency period compared to the placebo group, suggesting the supplement blend may be a low-cost adjunct to conservative management.

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2025·Brain Sciences·E. Modestino, A. Fink, S. Rehan, et al

Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Depressive Symptoms, Sleep Quality, and Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

RCTn = 99Sleep Mood Gut Health Inflammation

A 12-week randomized controlled trial with 99 adults from India assessed the effects of a probiotic on sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and gut microbiota. The probiotic group showed increased beneficial gut bacteria, improved sleep efficiency, and reduced depression and anxiety compared to placebo.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2025·Journal of dietary supplements·Alireza Hatami, Maryam Ahmadi-Khorram, Reza Rahmanian, et al

Effects of a Novel Probiotic Supplement with Weight Gain Intervention on Anthropometry, Body Composition, and Appetite in Underweight Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 95Nutrition Physique Gut Health

This 8-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy of a probiotic supplement combined with a weight-gain diet on anthropometric indices, appetite, and calorie intake in 95 underweight adults. The probiotic group showed greater increases in body weight, BMI, body fat percentage, fat mass, and caloric intake compared to the placebo group. Probiotic supplementation significantly enhanced anthropometric measures, appetite, and calorie intake, offering a novel strategy for managing undernutrition.

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2025·Gut microbes·Sabrina Mörkl, Martin Narrath, Daria Schlotmann, et al

Multi-species probiotic supplement enhances vagal nerve function - results of a randomized controlled trial in patients with depression and healthy controls.

RCTn = 86Mental Clarity Sleep

RCT assessing the impact of a multi-species probiotic on vagus nerve function in 43 MD patients and 43 healthy controls. Probiotics improved morning vagus nerve function and sleep parameters in MD patients, suggesting potential physiological benefits mediated through VN stimulation.

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2025·Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Valentina Leta, Pavlos Zinzalias, Lucia Batzu, et al

Effects of a Four-Strain Probiotic on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 74Gut Health Inflammation

RCT evaluating the effects of a four-strain probiotic on gut microbiota, inflammation, and symptoms in Parkinson's disease patients with constipation. The probiotic group showed beneficial gut microbiota enrichment, reduced proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α levels, and improvements in non-motor symptoms compared to placebo.

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2025·World journal of gastrointestinal pharmacology and therapeutics·Anne Fennessy, Micheal Doyle, Anna Boland, et al

Four-strain probiotic exerts a positive effect on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms occurring in inflammatory bowel diseases in absence of inflammation (train-IBD trial).

RCTn = 61Gut Health

RCT of a four-strain probiotic (Symprove) in patients with overlapping IBS and IBD. 45% of patients receiving the probiotic achieved a 100-point reduction in IBS-Symptom Severity Score compared to 33% with placebo. Probiotics may offer symptom relief in IBS/IBD overlap, especially in Crohn's disease.

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2025·Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Orawee Chinthakanan, Sirirat Sarit-Apirak, Komkrit Aimjiraku, et al

Comparison of vaginal moisturisers with ultra-low-dose oestriol and lactobacillus vaginal tablets in women with POP who used a pessary: a randomised controlled trial.

RCTn = 60Womens Health -

RCT comparing vaginal moisturisers with ultra-low-dose oestriol and Lactobacillus vaginal tablets in pessary users. Both treatments provided high satisfaction with no significant difference in outcomes, and no serious adverse events were reported.

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2025·Journal of dietary supplements·Ruma G Singh, Fumiki Aoki, Maria Rodriguez-Palmero Seuma, et al

Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation withStrains on Gastrointestinal Tract Function - A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTGut Health Stress Nutrition

RCT investigating the efficacy of probiotic strains KABP031 and KABP032 on gastrointestinal function in older adults with occasional constipation. The probiotic group showed significant improvements in bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, and reduced stress compared to placebo.

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2024·BMC pregnancy and childbirth·Raziyeh Vanda, Tahora Dastani, Seyed-Abdolvahab Taghavi, et al

Pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women taking oral probiotic undergoing cerclage compared to placebo: two blinded randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 114Womens Health

This double-blind randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of oral probiotics on pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing cerclage. The study found no significant differences in preterm birth rates, but a significant reduction in preterm pre-labor rupture of membranes (PPROM) and pre-labor rupture of membranes (PROM) in the probiotic group compared to placebo.

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2024·Scientific reports·Marlynna Sarkawi, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Norhazlina Abdul Wahab, et al

A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial on Lactobacillus-containing cultured milk drink as adjuvant therapy for depression in irritable bowel syndrome.

RCTn = 110Mood Gut Health

RCT of 110 IBS participants with normal mood and subthreshold depression, testing Lactobacillus-containing cultured milk drink. Depression scores significantly reduced in IBS-SD with probiotic and placebo groups. Only IBS-SD with probiotic showed a significant rise in serotonin serum levels. All groups reported significant improvement in IBS severity.

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2024·Nutrients·Enav Yefet, Abeer Suleiman, Raul Colodner, et al

Efficacy of Oral Probiotic Supplementation in Preventing Vulvovaginal Infections During Pregnancy: A Randomized and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 100Womens Health -

A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the efficacy of oral probiotic supplementation in preventing vulvovaginal infections in pregnant women. The study found no difference in the rate of infections between the probiotic and placebo groups, and no vaginal colonization with lactobacilli from the probiotic was detected.

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2024·Scientific reports·Vijitha Vivekanandan, Zaiba Hasan Khan, Giriprasad Venugopal, et al

VagiBIOM Lactobacillus suppository improves vaginal health index in perimenopausal women with bacterial vaginosis: a randomized control trial.

RCTn = 66Womens Health

RCT of 66 peri- and premenopausal women with bacterial vaginosis comparing VagiBIOM Lactobacillus suppository to placebo. The treatment significantly improved vaginal health index, reduced vaginal pH, and decreased Nugent scores after 4 weeks.

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2024·Cytokine·Shekoufeh Salamat, Alireza Jahan-Mihan, Lida Gharibvand, et al

Multi-species synbiotic supplementation increased fecal short chain fatty acids and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 in adult men with dyslipidemia; A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

RCTn = 56Gut Health Inflammation

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of multi-species synbiotic supplementation on serum interleukin-10 and fecal short chain fatty acids in 56 adult men with dyslipidemia. Synbiotic supplementation increased fecal SCFAs and improved inflammation, as indicated by increased serum IL-10 levels.

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2024·Journal of innate immunity·Khaleda Rahman Qazi, Dhanapal Govindaraj, Magalí Martí, et al

Impact of Extreme Prematurity, Chorioamnionitis, and Sepsis on Neonatal Monocyte Characteristics and Functions.

RCTImmunity

Longitudinal analysis of monocyte characteristics in extremely preterm infants from a randomized, placebo-controlled study of probiotic supplementation. Probiotic supplementation was associated with distinct monocyte phenotypic characteristics, but did not significantly influence their responsiveness.

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2023·Nutrients·Christiane Laue, Ekaterina Papazova, Angelika Pannenbeckers, et al

Effect of a Probiotic and a Synbiotic on Body Fat Mass, Body Weight and Traits of Metabolic Syndrome in Individuals with Abdominal Overweight: A Human, Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study.

RCTn = 180Physique Inflammation Gut Health

Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial with 180 individuals with abdominal overweight. The study evaluated the effects of a probiotic and a synbiotic on body fat mass, body weight, and traits of metabolic syndrome. The probiotic group showed significant reductions in body fat mass, body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue compared to placebo. The synbiotic group showed improvements in visceral adipose tissue, liver steatosis grade, and constipation score.

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2023·Immunity, inflammation and disease·Xian-Shu Zhao, Li-Jun Shi, Bao-Li Ning, et al

Efficacy of diet restriction with or without probiotic for treatment of patients with IBS-D: Phase I-II clinical trial.

RCTn = 167Gut Health

Phase I-II clinical trial comparing diet restrictions with or without probiotics in IBS-D patients. The IgG restricted diet combined with Bifidobacteria showed significant improvement in IBS symptom severity, suggesting a positive effect on gut health.

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2023·Ceska a Slovenska farmacie : casopis Ceske farmaceuticke spolecnosti a Slovenske farmaceuticke spolecnosti·Sadeel A Shanshal, Mohammad H Alsaaty, Harith Al-Qazaz, et al

Two Lactobacilli strains as adjuvant therapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized control trial.

RCTn = 100Gut Health

RCT assessing the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic product combining L. acidophilus and L. plantarum in IBS-D patients. The probiotic group showed significantly higher reductions in IBS-SSS scores compared to standard treatment alone, with improvements in pain, abdominal distension, bowel symptoms, and overall life impact.

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2023·Nutrients·Eva Zikou, Nikolas Dovrolis, Charilaos Dimosthenopoulos, et al

The Effect of Probiotic Supplements on Metabolic Parameters of People with Type 2 Diabetes in Greece-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

RCTn = 91Gut Health Nutrition

RCT of 91 adults with type 2 diabetes in Greece assessing the effects of a multi-strain probiotic supplement over 6 months. Significant reductions in HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and total cholesterol were observed in the probiotic group compared to controls, with no significant differences in gut microbiome diversity.

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2023·Clinical and experimental dermatology·Marta Feíto-Rodríguez, Ana Ramírez-Boscà, Santiago Vidal-Asensi, et al

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effect of a mixture of probiotic strains on symptom severity and use of corticosteroids in children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis.

RCTn = 70Skin Hair Health

RCT evaluating the effect of a probiotic mixture on atopic dermatitis in 70 children and adolescents. The probiotic group showed significant improvement in SCORAD and IGA scores compared to placebo, and a reduction in corticosteroid use between weeks 6 and 12.

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2023·Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·Igor Łoniewski, Monika Szulińska, Mariusz Kaczmarczyk, et al

Multispecies probiotic affects fecal short-chain fatty acids in postmenopausal women with obesity: A post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 56Gut Health Heart Health

Post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 56 obese, postmenopausal women. The study assessed the effects of a multi-strain probiotic on fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The higher probiotic dose group showed increased fecal concentrations of acetic, butyric, and valeric acids, which may reduce cardiovascular risk factors by lowering blood uric acid levels.

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2022·International journal of environmental research and public health·Małgorzata Staszczyk, Małgorzata Jamka-Kasprzyk, Dorota Kościelniak, et al

Effect of a Short-Term Intervention withProbiotic on Early Childhood Caries-An Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 140

Open-label RCT with 140 children aged 3-6 years testing a 2-week daily consumption of probiotic chewing tablets on early childhood caries. The probiotic group showed significantly lower caries incidence and prevalence compared to the control group over 12 months.

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2022·American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM·Lisa Hanson, Leona VandeVusse, Marie Forgie, et al

A randomized controlled trial of an oral probiotic to reduce antepartum group B Streptococcus colonization and gastrointestinal symptoms.

RCTn = 109Gut Health Womens Health -

RCT of 109 pregnant participants testing Florajen3 probiotic vs placebo from 28 weeks' gestation until labor. The probiotic group showed no significant reduction in group B Streptococcus colonization but did experience a significant reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms.

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2022·BMC microbiology·Paul J McMurdie, Magdalena K Stoeva, Nicholas Justice, et al

Increased circulating butyrate and ursodeoxycholate during probiotic intervention in humans with type 2 diabetes.

RCTn = 104Gut Health Nutrition

RCT of a 5-strain probiotic formulation ('WBF-011') in humans with type 2 diabetes, showing increased circulating butyrate and ursodeoxycholate. The study suggests potential metabolic improvements and highlights an inhibitory interaction between sulfonylurea drugs and the probiotic strains.

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2022·Archives of gerontology and geriatrics·A. Karim, Tahir Muhammad, M. Shahid Iqbal, et al

A multistrain probiotic improves handgrip strength and functional capacity in patients with COPD: A randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 100Physical Performance Inflammation

RCT of 100 male COPD patients aged 63-73 comparing a multistrain probiotic to placebo for 16 weeks. Probiotics improved handgrip strength, gait speed, and SPPB scores, and reduced plasma markers of intestinal permeability, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

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2022·European journal of nutrition·Mahtab Matin, Aziz Homayouni-Rad, Manizheh Mostafa-Gharehbaghi, et al

Maternal and infant probiotic administration for morbidity of very low birth weight infants: a three-arm randomized placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 78Nutrition

A three-arm randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of oral probiotic administration (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei) to breastfeeding mothers or their very low birth weight infants. The study found that probiotic administration reduced total serum bilirubin levels in infants but did not significantly affect weight gain after the first week.

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2022·Frontiers in immunology·Carlos Blázquez-Bondia, Mariona Parera, Francesc Català-Moll, et al

Probiotic effects on immunity and microbiome in HIV-1 discordant patients.

RCTn = 71Immunity Gut Health

This double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of a novel probiotic i3.1 on immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infected immuno-discordant patients. The synbiotic intervention led to small increases in CD4/CD8 ratio and minor reductions in sCD14, while the probiotic alone did not significantly impact immune parameters or faecal microbiome composition.

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2022·International journal of dental hygiene·Ambili Ranjith, Niyas Bin Nazimudeen, Kamalasanan Vijayakumary Baiju

Probiotic mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in the treatment of stage II periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 60

RCT of 60 patients with stage II periodontitis comparing probiotic mouthwash to placebo as an adjunct to mechanical debridement. Significant improvements in gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment gain, salivary IgA, and pH were observed in the probiotic group.

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2021·International journal of antimicrobial agents·Maria Tsilika, Giannoula Thoma, Zoi Aidoni, et al

A four-probiotic preparation for ventilator-associated pneumonia in multi-trauma patients: results of a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 112Immunity

RCT assessing the efficacy of a probiotic regimen for VAP prophylaxis in mechanically ventilated multi-trauma patients. Probiotic administration reduced the incidence of VAP and sepsis, and decreased ICU and hospital stay duration.

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2020·Journal of lower genital tract disease·Halyna Reznichenko, Nataliya Henyk, Viktor Maliuk, et al

Oral Intake of Lactobacilli Can Be Helpful in Symptomatic Bacterial Vaginosis: A Randomized Clinical Study.

RCTn = 166Womens Health

A phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled study explored the effect of oral intake of a mixture of Lactobacillus species on the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women recently treated with metronidazole. The study found that the recurrence of BV was significantly lower in the group receiving Lactobacillus compared to the placebo group.

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2020·Nutrients·Joanna Hurkala, Ryszard Lauterbach, Renata Radziszewska, et al

Effect of a Short-Time Probiotic Supplementation on the Abundance of the Main Constituents of the Gut Microbiota of Term Newborns Delivered by Cesarean Section-A Randomized, Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 150Gut Health

A randomized controlled trial involving 150 newborns delivered by cesarean section, assessing the effect of a probiotic supplement on gut microbiota colonization. The probiotic, containing PB04 and KL53A, led to quick and abundant colonization by lactic acid bacteria by days 5 and 6, with sustained presence after one month.

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2020·Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·Heidi M Staudacher, Matthias Scholz, Miranda Ce Lomer, et al

Gut microbiota associations with diet in irritable bowel syndrome and the effect of low FODMAP diet and probiotics.

RCTn = 95Gut Health

RCT of 95 individuals with IBS assessing the impact of a low FODMAP diet and probiotic supplementation on gut microbiota. The low FODMAP diet altered the abundance of major saccharolytic genera, while probiotics increased Lactobacillus and Streptococcus abundance and buffered the impact on Bifidobacterium. Baseline microbiota did not predict clinical response.

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2020·Clinical oral investigations·Stefano Lai, Peter Lingström, Maria Grazia Cagetti, et al

Effect of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 containing lozenges and plaque pH and cariogenic bacteria in diabetic children: a randomised clinical trial.

RCTn = 68

RCT evaluating the effect of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges on caries and gingivitis in type 1 diabetic children over 60 days. The probiotic group showed a significant reduction in Streptococcus mutans density and improved plaque pH and gingival health compared to placebo.

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2020·Nutrients·Talia Palacios, Luis Vitetta, Samantha Coulson, et al

Targeting the Intestinal Microbiota to Prevent Type 2 Diabetes and Enhance the Effect of Metformin on Glycaemia: A Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.

RCTn = 60Nutrition

RCT of 60 adults with prediabetes or early T2DM testing a multi-strain probiotic versus placebo for 12 weeks. No significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes were found overall, but a subgroup analysis showed improvements in glucose management markers in participants taking metformin with probiotics.

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2020·Journal of renal nutrition : the official journal of the Council on Renal Nutrition of the National Kidney Foundation·P. Lim, Hsueh-fang Wang, Mei Chen Lee, et al

The Efficacy of Lactobacillus-Containing Probiotic Supplementation in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 50Inflammation -Gut Health

RCT of 56 hemodialysis patients comparing probiotic sachets containing Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus pentosus to placebo for 6 months. Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased serum levels of indoxyl sulfate but did not significantly affect cholesterol-triglyceride ratio, insulin resistance markers, or other studied biomarkers.

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2017·International journal of obesity (2005)·L Crovesy, M Ostrowski, D M T P Ferreira, et al

Effect of Lactobacillus on body weight and body fat in overweight subjects: a systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials.

Systematic reviewPhysique

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of Lactobacillus on weight loss and fat mass in overweight adults. Out of 14 studies included, nine showed decreased body weight and/or body fat, three found no effect, and two showed weight gain. Results suggest strain-dependent effects.

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2015·BMC Women's Health·P. Heczko, A. Tomusiak, P. Adamski, et al

Supplementation of standard antibiotic therapy with oral probiotics for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

RCTn = 578Womens Health

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the use of an oral probiotic preparation containing Lactobacillus strains alongside standard antibiotic therapy for bacterial vaginosis and aerobic vaginitis. The study found that probiotics lengthened the time to clinical relapse of symptoms and improved clinical and microbiological parameters, including vaginal pH, Nugent score, and Lactobacillus counts.

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2015·Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)·Bian Tiequn, Chao Guanqun, Zhang Shuo

Therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus in treating irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisGut Health

Meta-analysis of six randomized, placebo-controlled trials evaluating Lactobacillus treatment for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The analysis found that Lactobacillus significantly improved clinical outcomes in both adults and children with IBS compared to placebo, with no reported side effects.

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2012·Microbial pathogenesis·Matthieu Million, Emmanouil Angelakis, Mical Paul, et al

Comparative meta-analysis of the effect of Lactobacillus species on weight gain in humans and animals.

Meta-analysisPhysique

Meta-analysis of 17 RCTs in humans, 51 studies on farm animals, and 14 experimental models assessing the effect of Lactobacillus-containing probiotics on weight. Lactobacillus acidophilus resulted in significant weight gain in humans and animals, while Lactobacillus gasseri was associated with weight loss in obese humans and animals. Other species showed varied effects on weight.

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2011·European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)·Atul Sharma, G K Rath, S P Chaudhary, et al

Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges reduce radiation- and chemotherapy-induced mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 200Inflammation

RCT of 200 patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemo-radiotherapy, comparing Lactobacillus brevis CD2 lozenges to placebo. L. brevis CD2 reduced the incidence of grade III and IV oral mucositis and increased anticancer treatment completion rates.

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2008·Poultry science·J C Noujaim, R L Andreatti Filho, E T Lima, et al

Detection of T lymphocytes in intestine of broiler chicks treated with Lactobacillus spp. and challenged with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis.

RCTn = 320Immunity

The study investigated the immune response in broiler chicks treated with Lactobacillus spp. and challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. Treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri, L. salivarius, L. acidophilus, or cecal microflora increased leukocytic infiltrate by CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, particularly in the duodenum. L. acidophilus and cecal microflora treatments significantly increased CD3+ lymphocytes.

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2026·Nutrients·George Moschonis, Pauline Dacaya, Thy T Truong, et al

Modulation of Glucose Homeostasis, Metabolic Endotoxemia and Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids Following Multi-Species Probiotic Supplementation: Findings from a 12-Week Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 39Gut Health Inflammation Nutrition

A 12-week double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of a multi-species probiotic on glucose homeostasis, incretin hormones, inflammatory biomarkers, and circulating SCFAs in 39 adults with subthreshold depression. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose and inflammatory markers compared to placebo, with no significant changes in circulating SCFAs except for higher valerate levels.

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2026·Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·Hanna Kwiendacz, Danuta Cembrowska-Lech, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, et al

Multi-strain probiotic enhances metformin tolerance by modulating gut microbiome and bile acid pathways: Insight from multi-omics post-hoc analysis (ProGasMet trial).

RCTn = 34

The ProGasMet trial explored the effects of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on metformin tolerance in type 2 diabetes patients with metformin intolerance. The study found that probiotics improved metformin tolerability, potentially through microbiome-metabolome shifts involving bile acid pathways, particularly hyodeoxycholic acid.

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2026·International journal of medical sciences·Shu-Ting Lin, Te-Hsuan Tung, Yen-Nung Lin, et al

Effect ofon cognition and microbiota in post-stroke patients: a single-blinded, controlled trial.

RCTn = 22Brain Health Gut Health Nutrition -Physical Performance -

Single-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of OLP-01 probiotic in 22 post-stroke patients. OLP-01 improved cognitive function and altered gut microbiota but did not affect physical performance or nutritional status.

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2025·Nutrition journal·Marta Potrykus, Marcin Stanisławowski, Sylwia Czaja-Stolc, et al

12-week preoperative probiotic supplementation versus placebo: effects on inflammation, endotoxemia, adipokines, and gastrointestinal peptides in patients six months after bariatric surgery - a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 42Inflammation Gut Health -

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of preoperative probiotic supplementation on inflammation, endotoxemia, adipokines, and gastrointestinal peptides in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. The probiotic group showed significantly lower IL-6 levels compared to placebo six months post-surgery, suggesting a potential anti-inflammatory effect, though other markers were not significantly affected.

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2025·Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·Pauline Dacaya, Katerina Sarapis, Renate Hall, et al

Exploring neurotransmitter regulation following probiotic supplementation in adults with subthreshold depression: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 39Mood

This secondary analysis of a 12-week RCT examined changes in plasma GABA and serotonin following multi-species probiotic supplementation versus placebo in adults with subthreshold depression. Plasma serotonin concentrations increased in both groups at 6 weeks but only in the placebo group at 12 weeks. No significant changes were observed for plasma GABA concentrations. The study suggests probiotic supplementation may be a safe preventative option for severe depressive disorder development.

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2025·Nutrients·Brooke A Napier, Jessica R Allegretti, Paul Feuerstadt, et al

Multi-Species Synbiotic Supplementation Enhances Gut Microbial Diversity, Increases Urolithin A and Butyrate Production, and Reduces Inflammation in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 32Gut Health Inflammation

Randomized, placebo-controlled trial in 32 healthy adults evaluating a multi-species synbiotic containing probiotics and Indian pomegranate extract. The synbiotic increased gut microbial diversity, Urolithin A and butyrate production, and reduced systemic inflammation over 91 days.

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2025·Nutrients·Chaodeng Mo, Johny Bajgai, Md Habibur Rahman, et al

Efficacy of Probiotic VITA-PB2 from Fermented Foods on Alcohol Consumption and Hangover Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 28Recovery

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluated the effects of the probiotic strain VITA-PB2 on ethanol metabolism, oxidative stress, and hangover-related symptoms in 28 healthy adults. VITA-PB2 supplementation led to a sustained reduction in blood ethanol concentrations, reduced acetaldehyde levels, increased ALDH activity, reduced ROS levels, enhanced GPx activity, and improved subjective hangover symptoms.

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2025·International journal of molecular sciences·Jakub Wiącek, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Igor Łoniewski, et al

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effects of a Probiotic ContainingR0052 andR0175 on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Metabolomic Profiles in Female Dancers.

RCTn = 16Gut Health

RCT evaluating the effects of probiotics R0052 and R0175 on gastrointestinal symptoms and metabolomic profiles in female dancers. The study found shifts in the fecal metabolome, including a reduction in (2RS)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, but no improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms.

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2024·Nutrients·Lihong Gan, Yufan Wang, Shenan Huang, et al

Therapeutic Evaluation ofsubsp.MH-02 as an Adjunctive Treatment in Patients with Reflux Esophagitis: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 110Gut Health

RCT evaluating the adjuvant therapeutic effect of probiotic subsp. MH-02 in 110 patients with reflux esophagitis. The probiotic group showed earlier symptom resolution, significant reduction in GSRS score, and longer time to relapse compared to placebo. High-throughput analyses indicated increased gut microbiota diversity and altered microbial composition.

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2024·Dental and medical problems·Ramanarayana Boyapati, Jyothirmayee Peeta, Ravindranath Dhulipalla, et al

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of probiotic, Aloe vera, povidine-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in the treatment of gingival inflammation: A randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 40Inflammation

RCT comparing the efficacy of probiotic, Aloe vera, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine mouthwashes in treating gingivitis in 40 patients. Probiotic mouthwash was nearly as effective as chlorhexidine in reducing plaque and bleeding scores, and showed better results than herbal and povidone-iodine mouthwashes.

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2024·Gut microbes·Francois-Pierre Martin, Ornella Cominetti, Bernard Berger, et al

Metabolome-associated psychological comorbidities improvement in irritable bowel syndrome patients receiving a probiotic.

RCTn = 35Mood Gut Health Brain Health

RCT in IBS patients with diarrhea or alternating bowel habits showed that the probiotic BL NCC3001 improves depression scores and decreases brain emotional reactivity. Probiotic treatment increased levels of butyric acid, tryptophan, and other metabolites, correlating with improvements in anxiety, depression, and amygdala activation.

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2024·Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme·Caitlin E McDermott, Taylor C Judkins, Heather K Vincent, et al

Impact of probiotic supplementation on exercise endurance among nonelite athletes: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial.

RCTn = 28Physical Performance

This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial investigated the effect of probiotic supplementation on exercise endurance in nonelite runners. The probiotic group had a lower time-to-exhaustion compared to the placebo group, with no significant change in the probiotic group. The placebo group showed an increase in time-to-exhaustion, possibly due to differences in training habits.

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2024·Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme·Sarah Lennon, Thomas Lackie, Adriana Miltko, et al

Safety and efficacy of a probiotic cocktail containingandfor gastrointestinal discomfort in endurance runners: randomized double-blinded crossover clinical trial.

RCTn = 16Gut Health -Immunity -

This randomized double-blinded crossover clinical trial assessed the safety and efficacy of a probiotic cocktail in 16 endurance runners over 4 weeks. The study found that probiotic supplementation did not alter gut permeability, immune parameters, or gastrointestinal symptoms, although a marginal reduction in aspartate aminotransferase levels was observed.

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2023·Nutrients·Marcus Boehme, Noëla Rémond-Derbez, Clara Lerond, et al

subsp.Reduces Perceived Psychological Stress in Healthy Adults: An Exploratory Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 45Stress Sleep Mental Clarity

This exploratory clinical trial investigated the effect of a 6-week probiotic intervention on stress-related psychological and physiological parameters in 45 healthy adults. The probiotic significantly reduced perceived stress and improved subjective sleep quality compared to placebo. The study also found a correlation between reduced perceived stress and reductions in anxiety, depression, and cortisol awakening response.

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2023·Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN·Else Schneider, Jessica P K Doll, Nina Schweinfurth, et al

Effect of short-term, high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognition, related brain functions and BDNF in patients with depression: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 43Mental Clarity Brain Health

This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of a 4-week high-dose probiotic supplementation on cognitive symptoms in 60 patients with major depressive disorder, with 43 entering modified intention-to-treat analysis. The probiotic group showed significantly improved immediate recall in the Verbal Learning Memory Test and remediated hippocampus function during working memory processing, supporting the potential of microbiota-related regimens to treat cognitive symptoms in depression.

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2023·Gut microbes·Raakel Luoto, Anna Pärtty, Josef K Vogt, et al

Reversible aberrancies in gut microbiome of moderate and late preterm infants: results from a randomized, controlled trial.

RCTn = 43Gut Health Immunity

RCT assessing the impact of a probiotic and a prebiotic intervention on the gut microbiome of 43 moderate and late preterm infants compared to placebo. Probiotic and prebiotic treatments mitigated shifts in the microbiome, promoting immunological and metabolic maturation.

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2023·Gut Microbes·H. Wastyk, Dalia Perelman, Madeline A. Topf, et al

Randomized controlled trial demonstrates response to a probiotic intervention for metabolic syndrome that may correspond to diet

RCTn = 39Nutrition

An 18-week randomized controlled trial studied the effects of a probiotic supplement versus placebo on 39 adults with metabolic syndrome. While no changes were observed in metabolic syndrome markers across the entire cohort, a subset of participants in the probiotic group showed significant improvements in triglycerides and diastolic blood pressure. Non-responders experienced increased blood glucose and insulin levels. The study highlights participant-specific effects and the role of diet in the efficacy of the probiotic supplement.

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2023·Neuropsychobiology·Vincenzo Nobile, Francesco Puoci

Effect of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Supplementation to Manage Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 33Stress Mood Sleep

A double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of a probiotic supplement containing Limosilactobacillus reuteri PBS072 and Bifidobacterium breve BB077 on stress management in 33 healthy adults. The study found significant improvements in mood and sleep quality after 30 days of probiotic intake compared to baseline and placebo.

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2022·BMC women's health·Maryam Azizi-Kutenaee, Solmaz Heidari, Seyed-Abdolvahab Taghavi, et al

Probiotic effects on sexual function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a double blinded randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 40Sexual Health Womens Health

Double-blind RCT studying the effect of oral probiotic (Lactofem) on sexual function in women with PCOS treated with letrozole. The probiotic group showed significant improvements in sexual function, body satisfaction, and pregnancy rates compared to the letrozole-only group.

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2022·Nutrients·Susie Jung, Kwang-Min Kim, Sung-Min Youn, et al

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Multi-Strain Synbiotic in Patients with Functional Diarrhea and High Fecal Calprotectin Levels: A Pilot Study.

RCTn = 39Gut Health

RCT evaluating the effects of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and fructooligosaccharide on bowel symptoms and fecal calprotectin levels in patients with functional diarrhea. The synbiotic group showed increased bowel movement satisfaction and a significant increase in formed stools, with a decrease in fecal calprotectin levels.

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2022·Cells·Julia Rode, Hanna M T Edebol Carlman, Julia König, et al

Multi-Strain Probiotic Mixture Affects Brain Morphology and Resting State Brain Function in Healthy Subjects: An RCT.

RCTn = 22Brain Health Mood Sleep

RCT with 22 healthy subjects using a multi-strain probiotic mixture in a crossover design. The probiotic intervention affected gray matter volume and resting state functional connectivity in specific brain regions. Psychological symptoms and sleep patterns showed trends towards improvement, suggesting probiotics may influence brain function via the gut-brain axis.

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2021·Nutrients·Paolo Orlandoni, Nikolina Jukic Peladic, Angela Amoruso, et al

Safety and Efficacy of Probiotic Supplementation in Reducing the Incidence of Infections and Modulating Inflammation in the Elderly with Feeding Tubes: A Pilot, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study, "IntegPRO".

RCTn = 32Immunity -Inflammation -

A double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 32 elderly patients with feeding tubes assessed the probiotic supplement Proxian for reducing infections and modulating inflammation. No significant differences were found in infection rates, antibiotic use, or CRP levels between the intervention and control groups. Proxian was deemed safe and easy to administer, but further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.

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2021·Nutrients·Li-Hua Mei, Wen-Xuan Zheng, Zheng-Tao Zhao, et al

A Pilot Study of the Effect ofObtained from Long-Lived Elderly on Blood Biochemical, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Markers, and on Gut Microbiota in Young Volunteers.

RCTn = 20Inflammation Gut Health Immunity

Pilot RCT examining effects of LTL1879 probiotic on blood biochemical, oxidative, and inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota in 20 young volunteers. The probiotic group showed significant improvements in antioxidant levels, inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota characteristics.

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2020·Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·María D Ferrer, Aranzazu López-López, Teodora Nicolescu, et al

Topic Application of the ProbioticImproves Clinical and Microbiological Parameters Associated With Oral Health.

RCTn = 59

RCT evaluating the clinical efficacy of a probiotic application in 59 volunteers. The probiotic group showed increased salivary flow, decreased dental plaque and gingival inflammation, and a beneficial shift in bacterial composition, supporting its use to prevent tooth decay.

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2020·Clinical oral investigations·P Pudgar, K Povšič, K Čuk, et al

Probiotic strains of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum as adjunct to non-surgical periodontal therapy: 3-month results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 40Inflammation

RCT evaluating the adjunctive use of Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum probiotics in periodontitis patients undergoing scaling and root planing. The probiotic group showed higher odds for healing of gingival bleeding but increased number of persisting diseased sites compared to placebo.

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2020·Nutrients·Igor N Sergeev, Thamer Aljutaily, Gemma Walton, et al

Effects of Synbiotic Supplement on Human Gut Microbiota, Body Composition and Weight Loss in Obesity.

RCTn = 20Gut Health Physique -

Placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the effects of a synbiotic supplement on gut microbiota and body composition in 20 human subjects on a weight loss program. Synbiotic supplementation increased the abundance of beneficial gut bacteria but showed no significant differences in body composition compared to placebo.

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2020·Orthodontics & craniofacial research·Nathália Louize Nunes Vieira Silva, Alvaro Della Bona, Moisés Cardoso, et al

Lactobacillus brevis CD2 attenuates traumatic oral lesions induced by fixed orthodontic appliance: A randomized phase 2 trial.

RCTn = 20

A phase 2 double-blind RCT evaluated the effect of Lactobacillus brevis CD2 on preventing traumatic oral lesions in 20 orthodontic patients. The probiotic reduced the duration and pain of oral lesions compared to placebo, but did not significantly improve oral health-related quality of life.

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2020·The Journal of surgical research·Hannah G Piper, Laura A Coughlin, Sarah Hussain, et al

The Impact of Lactobacillus Probiotics on the Gut Microbiota in Children With Short Bowel Syndrome.

RCTn = 18Gut Health -Nutrition -

RCT of Lactobacillus probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus johnsonii) in 18 children with short bowel syndrome. The study found no significant changes in gut microbiota or growth compared to placebo.

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2019·Journal of clinical gastroenterology·Ruggiero Francavilla, Maria Piccolo, Antonio Francavilla, et al

Clinical and Microbiological Effect of a Multispecies Probiotic Supplementation in Celiac Patients With Persistent IBS-type Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Trial.

RCTn = 109Gut Health

RCT evaluating the efficacy of a multispecies probiotic in celiac patients with IBS-type symptoms despite a gluten-free diet. Probiotic treatment significantly improved IBS severity scores and altered gut microbiota, increasing bifidobacteria, with no adverse events reported.

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2019·Journal of digestive diseases·Christopher J Martoni, Malkanthi Evans, Cheryl-Emiliane T Chow, et al

Impact of a probiotic product on bowel habits and microbial profile in participants with functional constipation: A randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 94Gut Health

RCT investigating the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic on bowel habits and microbial profile in 94 adults with functional constipation. The probiotic group showed faster normalization of stool frequency and consistency, and a shift to a more fibrolytic microbiota, despite no significant between-group differences in symptom scores.

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2019·Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association·A Kazemi, A A Noorbala, K Djafarian

Effect of probiotic and prebiotic versus placebo on appetite in patients with major depressive disorder: post hoc analysis of a randomised clinical trial.

RCTn = 81Nutrition

Post hoc analysis of an RCT with 81 MDD patients comparing probiotic, prebiotic, and placebo over 8 weeks. Probiotic supplementation improved appetite and increased energy intake and leptin levels, while prebiotic had no significant effect.

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2019·Cephalalgia·Fahimeh Martami, M. Togha, Maryam Seifishahpar, et al

The effects of a multispecies probiotic supplement on inflammatory markers and episodic and chronic migraine characteristics: A randomized double-blind controlled trial

RCTn = 79Inflammation -Brain Health

RCT assessing the effect of a 14-strain probiotic mixture on migraine characteristics in 79 patients. Probiotic supplementation significantly reduced the frequency, severity, and duration of migraine attacks in both episodic and chronic migraineurs, but did not affect inflammatory markers.

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2019·Nutritional neuroscience·Neda Haghighat, Shirin Rajabi, Majid Mohammadshahi

Effect of synbiotic and probiotic supplementation on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor level, depression and anxiety symptoms in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial.

RCTn = 75Mood Brain Health

RCT of 75 hemodialysis patients comparing synbiotic and probiotic supplementation to placebo over 12 weeks. Synbiotic supplementation significantly improved depression symptoms and increased serum BDNF levels, especially in patients with depressive symptoms.

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2019·Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins·Neda Haghighat, Majid Mohammadshahi, Shokouh Shayanpour, et al

Effect of Synbiotic and Probiotic Supplementation on Serum Levels of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules in Hemodialysis Patients: a Randomized Control Study.

RCTn = 75Heart Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of synbiotic and probiotic supplementation on serum vascular dysfunction markers in 75 hemodialysis patients. Synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced serum ICAM-1 levels, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, compared to placebo, but had no effect on the necrosis marker.

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2019·American journal of dentistry·Léo Guimarães Soares, Elisa Barcelos de Carvalho, Eduardo Muniz Barretto Tinoco

Clinical effect of Lactobacillus on the treatment of severe periodontitis and halitosis: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 60Gut Health

RCT of 60 volunteers with severe periodontitis comparing Lactobacillus supplementation to placebo over 90 days. Lactobacillus group showed significant reductions in periodontal parameters and halitosis compared to placebo.

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2018·Journal of clinical gastroenterology·Letizia Mazzini, Luca Mogna, Fabiola De Marchi, et al

Potential Role of Gut Microbiota in ALS Pathogenesis and Possible Novel Therapeutic Strategies.

RCTn = 100

RCT studying gut microbiota in ALS patients and healthy controls, focusing on the effects of a bacteriotherapy composed of Lactobacillus strains. Preliminary results show differences in microbiota profiles between ALS patients and healthy subjects, with ongoing analysis of bacteriotherapy effects.

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2018·Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·Asma Kazemi, Ahmad Ali Noorbala, Kamal Azam, et al

Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 81Mood

This randomized clinical trial compared the effects of probiotic and prebiotic supplementation versus placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder. Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased the Beck Depression Inventory score compared to placebo and prebiotic groups. No significant differences were found in serum kynurenine/tryptophan and tryptophan/BCAAs ratios among the groups, although some changes were noted in the probiotic group.

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2018·Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·Omid Reza Tamtaji, Mohsen Taghizadeh, Reza Daneshvar Kakhaki, et al

Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration in people with Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 60Inflammation Brain Health Nutrition

RCT of 60 people with Parkinson's disease assessing the impact of probiotic supplementation on movement and metabolic parameters. Probiotic consumption decreased MDS-UPDRS scores, reduced inflammation markers, and improved insulin sensitivity compared to placebo over 12 weeks.

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2018·Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins·Amir Hossein Mohseni, Sedigheh Taghinezhad-S, Hossein Keyvani, et al

Comparison of Acyclovir and Multistrain Lactobacillus brevis in Women with Recurrent Genital Herpes Infections: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study.

RCTn = 53Immunity

RCT comparing multistrain Lactobacillus brevis probiotic to acyclovir in 81 women with recurrent genital herpes infections. No significant differences were found in resolution of episodes, lesion healing time, or viral shedding. Probiotic treatment showed no adverse effects, unlike acyclovir.

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2018·Frontiers in Neurology·Azadeh Agahi, G. Hamidi, R. Daneshvar, et al

Does Severity of Alzheimer's Disease Contribute to Its Responsiveness to Modifying Gut Microbiota? A Double Blind Clinical Trial

RCTBrain Health -

Double-blind clinical trial evaluating the effect of probiotic supplementation on cognitive abilities and serum biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease patients. The study found no significant changes in cognitive test scores or serum biomarkers between the probiotic and control groups, suggesting insensitivity to probiotic supplementation in severe AD cases.

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2018·Journal of Diabetes Investigation·Athasit Kijmanawat, P. Panburana, S. Reutrakul, et al

Effects of probiotic supplements on insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial

RCT

Double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of probiotic supplements on insulin resistance in pregnant women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus.

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2016·Nutrients·Maria Elisabetta Baldassarre, Antonio Di Mauro, Paola Mastromarino, et al

Administration of a Multi-Strain Probiotic Product to Women in the Perinatal Period Differentially Affects the Breast Milk Cytokine Profile and May Have Beneficial Effects on Neonatal Gastrointestinal Functional Symptoms. A Randomized Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 66Gut Health Immunity

A double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT with 66 women evaluated the effects of high-dose probiotic supplementation during late pregnancy and lactation on breast milk cytokine profile and neonatal gastrointestinal symptoms. Probiotic consumption significantly impacted cytokine levels in breast milk and increased fecal sIgA in newborns, reducing infantile colic and regurgitation.

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2016·Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association·M Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, N Sharifi, A Farrokhian, et al

A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Investigating the Effect of Synbiotic Administration on Markers of Insulin Metabolism and Lipid Profiles in Overweight Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Coronary Heart Disease.

RCTn = 60Nutrition Heart Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic profiles in 60 overweight diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. After 12 weeks, the synbiotic group showed significant improvements in fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity, and HDL-cholesterol levels compared to placebo.

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