Research
L-Glutamine
125 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Evidence and gaps in clinical outcomes of novel pharmacologic therapies for sickle cell disease: A systematic literature review highlighting insights from clinical trials and real-world studies.
Systematic review of clinical outcomes for l-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor in sickle cell disease treatment. A phase III study showed l-glutamine reduced pain crises by 25% and hospital days by 33% compared to placebo. Crizanlizumab and voxelotor also showed benefits in reducing vaso-occlusive crises and improving hemoglobin response, respectively.
Nutritional interventions in patients with burn injury: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials.
Umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing nutritional interventions in burn patients. Early enteral nutrition reduced mortality, hospital stay, and sepsis risk with moderate evidence. Glutamine supplementation decreased hospital stay length, though evidence was weak. Other interventions showed no significant effects.
A Randomized Trial of Enteral Glutamine for Treatment of Burn Injuries.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 1200 patients with severe burns assessed the effects of enteral glutamine supplementation. The study found no significant reduction in the time to discharge alive from the hospital for the glutamine group compared to placebo. Mortality rates and serious adverse events were similar between groups.
Effect of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory markers in critically ill patients supported with enteral or parenteral feeding.
Meta-analysis investigating the effect of glutamine supplementation on inflammatory markers in critically ill patients supported with enteral or parenteral feeding. Glutamine supplementation showed a statistical reduction in CRP levels but no significant effect on IL-6 and TNF-α.
A comprehensive insight into the effect of glutamine supplementation on metabolic variables in diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Systematic review of 19 studies assessing the effects of glutamine supplementation on metabolic variables in diabetes mellitus. Findings suggest glutamine may improve glycemic control and incretin levels, with mixed results on inflammation and oxidative stress. More clinical trials are needed for conclusive results.
Effect of Glutamine Dipeptide Supplementation on Primary Outcomes for Elective Major Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs with 1243 patients undergoing major elective abdominal surgery, comparing intravenous glutamine dipeptide supplementation to no supplementation. GLN supplementation did not affect overall or infectious morbidity but significantly reduced length of hospital stay.
Enteral glutamine supplementation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies involving 1079 critically ill patients receiving enteral glutamine supplementation. Enteral glutamine was not associated with reduced hospital mortality, infectious complications, or ICU stay, but did reduce overall hospital stay. Significant benefits were observed in burn patients, with reduced hospital mortality and stay.
Efficacy of Perioperative Infusion of N(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine in Glycemic Control for Patients With Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus Presented for Urgent Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT evaluating preoperative glutamine infusion in 93 patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes undergoing urgent CABG. The glutamine group showed significantly lower intraoperative and postoperative blood glucose levels and reduced insulin requirements compared to placebo.
Myocardial Protecting Role of Glutamine in Patients with Low Ejection Fraction Undergoing Elective On-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery.
This double-blind, randomized controlled trial assessed the myocardial protective effects of intravenous glutamine in patients with low ejection fraction undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. The study found that glutamine administration significantly reduced plasma troponin I and lactate levels, and improved myocardial injury scores compared to the control group.
The effect of glutamine supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and appetite in COVID-19 patients: a case-control study.
Case-control study of 452 COVID-19 patients assessing the effects of glutamine supplementation on serum inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and appetite. Glutamine supplementation significantly reduced serum levels of interleukin-1 β, hs-CRP, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased appetite compared to the control group.
L-Glutamine Supplementation Improves the Benefits of Combined-Exercise Training on Oral Redox Balance and Inflammatory Status in Elderly Individuals.
RCT evaluating the effects of L-glutamine supplementation on oral redox balance and inflammatory status in elderly individuals undergoing combined-exercise training. The study found that L-glutamine supplementation improved inflammatory response and redox balance, suggesting benefits for healthy aging.
L-Glutamine in sickle cell disease.
The paper discusses the role of L-glutamine in sickle cell disease (SCD), highlighting its importance during oxidative stress. It reviews findings from Phase II and III trials showing that L-glutamine supplementation reduces painful episodes and hospitalizations in SCD patients, though it was only tolerated by two-thirds of patients and did not improve anemia or hemolysis.
Systematic Review of l-glutamine for Prevention of Vaso-occlusive Pain Crisis in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease.
Systematic review of l-glutamine for prevention of vaso-occlusive pain crisis in sickle cell disease patients. The review included three studies, showing reduced rate of VOC and related hospitalizations with l-glutamine, though some conflicting results were noted. l-glutamine is FDA approved for this use, but evidence quality is limited.
A Phase 3 Trial of l-Glutamine in Sickle Cell Disease.
Phase 3 RCT of 230 patients with sickle cell disease comparing pharmaceutical-grade l-glutamine to placebo over 48 weeks. The l-glutamine group had significantly fewer pain crises and hospitalizations than the placebo group. Low-grade nausea, noncardiac chest pain, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain were more frequent in the l-glutamine group.
Regeneration of the intestinal mucosa in Eimeria and E. Coli challenged broilers supplemented with amino acids.
RCT evaluating the regeneration of intestinal mucosa in Eimeria and E. coli challenged broilers supplemented with glutamine, arginine, and threonine. Broilers on amino acid-supplemented diets showed improved feed conversion, cell proliferation, and villus:crypt ratio, indicating positive effects on gut health.
Scandinavian glutamine trial: a pragmatic multi-centre randomised clinical trial of intensive care unit patients.
A multi-centre, double-blinded, controlled, randomised clinical trial investigated the effects of intravenous glutamine supplementation on ICU patients. The study found a lower ICU mortality in the treatment arm compared to controls in the per protocol group, but no significant differences in SOFA scores or mortality at 6 months.
Perioperative intravenous glutamine supplemetation in major abdominal surgery for cancer: a randomized multicenter trial.
A randomized multicenter trial investigated the effect of perioperative intravenous glutamine supplementation on surgical morbidity in 428 patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery for cancer. The study found no significant difference in postoperative complication rates, infectious morbidity, major complications, or length of hospitalization between the glutamine and control groups.
Effect of dietary supplementation with glutamine and a combination of glutamine-arginine on intestinal health in twenty-five-day-old weaned rabbits.
RCT examining the effect of dietary supplementation with 1% l-glutamine and a combination of 1% l-glutamine and 0.5% l-arginine on intestinal health in weaned rabbits. Glutamine supplementation reduced mortality and modified intestinal microbiota, reducing Clostridium and Helicobacter spp. colonization. Arginine showed no significant effect.
A prospective randomized trial of enteral glutamine in critical illness.
This triple-blind RCT evaluated the effect of enteral glutamine supplementation on severe sepsis and death in 363 critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The study found no significant differences in death rates or incidence of severe sepsis between the glutamine and control groups.
Effects of L-glutamine and hyaluronic acid associated with photobiomodulation on oral mucositis: a randomized clinical trial.
RCT comparing the effects of L-glutamine and hyaluronic acid combined with photobiomodulation and preventive oral care protocol versus photobiomodulation and preventive oral care protocol alone on oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients. The combination resulted in significantly lower severity of oral mucositis according to the WHO scale at the 30th radiotherapy session.
Nanovesicles for Sensitive Skin Care Developed via Self-Assembly of Glutamine Linoleate.
The study investigated the effects of glutamine linoleate vesicles (QLAsomes) on skin sensitization. In a double-blind clinical trial with 24 participants, QLAsome cream reduced itching by 45% and improved skin barrier function, including erythema, TEWL, and SC hydration, compared to placebo.
Randomized Trial to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Daily Intake of an Allulose Amino Acid-Based Hydration Beverage in Men and Women.
RCT evaluating the safety and tolerability of an allulose amino acid-based hydration beverage containing L-alanine, L-glutamine, and select vitamins in 40 subjects over 4 weeks. The product was well-tolerated with no significant adverse changes compared to placebo, indicating relative safety.
Supplementation of L-glutamine enhanced mucosal immunity and improved hormonal status of combat-sport athletes.
RCT of 21 combat-sport athletes evaluating three-week supplementation of L-glutamine. L-glutamine significantly enhanced mucosal immunity, improved hormonal status, reduced the rate of URTI, and enhanced feelings of well-being after intensive training.
Concurrent Ingestion of Alkaline Water and L-Glutamine Enhanced Salivary α-Amylase Activity and Testosterone Concentration in Boxing Athletes.
RCT evaluating the effects of alkaline water and L-glutamine on salivary immunity and hormone responses in 12 male boxing athletes. Concurrent ingestion of alkaline water and L-glutamine enhanced salivary α-amylase activity and testosterone concentration, suggesting benefits for post-exercise recovery.
A Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis of L-Glutamine Exposure in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Evaluation of Dose and Food Effects.
Open-label dose-ascending trial of L-glutamine in 8 patients with sickle cell disease and 4 healthy volunteers. The study assessed the pharmacokinetics of L-glutamine, finding rapid absorption and elimination with no drug accumulation. Food intake did not significantly affect clearance, suggesting L-glutamine can be taken with or without food.
L-Glutamine and Survival of Patients with Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy.
RCT of 40 patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy, comparing L-glutamine to placebo. The study found no significant difference in overall survival or progression-free survival between the glutamine and placebo groups.
A Novel Nutrient Intervention of Probiotics, Glutamine, and Fish Oil in Psychological Distress: A Concurrent Multiple Baseline Design.
This study used a multiple baseline design to investigate the effects of a combination of probiotics, glutamine, and fish oil on psychological distress and gastrointestinal symptoms in seven naturopathic patients. While the intervention did not significantly affect psychological distress or perceived stress, it had a significant beneficial effect on gastrointestinal symptoms.
Reduction of lead toxicity effects and enhancing the glutathione reservoir in green beans through spraying sulfur and serine and glutamine amino acids.
The study evaluated the effect of spraying sulfur and amino acids serine and glutamine on green bean plants to reduce lead toxicity. Results showed that these treatments reduced lead accumulation in pods and increased glutathione antioxidant activity, improving physiological functions and potentially leading to healthier food.
L-Glutamine Supplementation Enhances Strength and Power of Knee Muscles and Improves Glycemia Control and Plasma Redox Balance in Exercising Elderly Women.
RCT investigating the effects of oral L-glutamine supplementation on glycemia control, oxidative stress, and knee muscle strength/power in elderly women. Post-supplementation, L-glutamine improved plasma antioxidant capacity, muscle strength/power, and glycemia control, especially when combined with physical exercise.
Daily Supplementation of L-Glutamine in Atrial Fibrillation Patients: The Effect on Heat Shock Proteins and Metabolites.
The study investigates the effect of L-glutamine supplementation on serum HSP27 and HSP70 levels and metabolite levels in 21 patients with atrial fibrillation. L-glutamine supplementation reduced serum levels of HSP27 and HSP70 within 3 months and normalized metabolite levels related to various metabolic pathways.
Gastrointestinal Tolerance of Low, Medium and High Dose Acute Oral l-Glutamine Supplementation in Healthy Adults: A Pilot Study.
Pilot study on gastrointestinal tolerance of low, medium, and high dose acute oral l-glutamine supplementation in 14 healthy males. High doses resulted in greater GI symptoms compared to low and medium doses, though most symptoms were mild. The study suggests dose-dependent GI tolerance of l-glutamine.
Tryptophan, glutamine, leucine, and micronutrient supplementation improves environmental enteropathy in Zambian adults: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT in Zambian adults with environmental enteropathy testing amino acid (tryptophan, leucine, glutamine) and micronutrient supplementation over 16 weeks. Amino acid supplementation increased villus height and improved intestinal barrier function when combined with micronutrients.
A randomized trial of intravenous glutamine supplementation in trauma ICU patients.
RCT of intravenous L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide supplementation in 142 trauma ICU patients. No significant differences in infection rates, ICU or hospital length of stay, or mortality between treatment and placebo groups. Low plasma glutamine levels at day 6 were associated with worse outcomes.
Effects of glutamine alone or in combination with zinc and vitamin A on growth, intestinal barrier function, stress and satiety-related hormones in Brazilian shantytown children.
RCT in Brazilian shantytown children assessing the effects of glutamine alone or with zinc and vitamin A on growth, intestinal barrier function, and stress-related hormones. Glutamine improved weight-for-height z-scores and intestinal barrier function, with mixed effects on stress-related hormones.
Intravenous alanyl-L-glutamine balances glucose-insulin homeostasis and facilitates recovery in patients undergoing colonic resection: a randomised controlled trial.
RCT evaluating the impact of alanyl-L-glutamine supplementation on glucose-insulin homeostasis and recovery in patients undergoing colonic cancer resection. Glutamine improved insulin sensitivity, reduced TNF-alpha and free fatty acid levels, and shortened recovery time compared to saline and 18AA-II treatments.
Efficacy of glutamine in the prevention of acute radiation enteritis: a randomized controlled trial.
Double-blind, randomized controlled trial of 69 patients receiving abdominal or pelvic radiation therapy, testing glutamine (30 g/d) versus placebo (casein, 30 g/d) for prevention of acute radiation enteritis. More patients developed enteritis with glutamine than with placebo, and glutamine did not prevent enteritis during radiation therapy.
[Efficacy of the dipeptide N(2)-L-Alanyl-L-glutamine in traumatic patients admitted to the ICU: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicentre study].
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study assessing the efficacy of intravenous glutamine supplementation in reducing ICU length of stay, incidence of infections, and mortality in traumatic patients. Glutamine was administered at 0.5 g/kg/day for 5 days.
Glutamine is cardioprotective in patients with ischemic heart disease following cardiopulmonary bypass.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study investigated the cardioprotective effects of N(2)-L-alanyl-L-glutamine (GLN) in 50 patients with ischemic heart disease undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The study found that perioperative administration of GLN significantly lowered troponin I levels and improved cardiac index, stroke index, and systemic vascular resistance index compared to placebo, indicating improved myocardial function.
Perioperative application of L-alanyl-L-glutamine in cardiac surgery: effect on the polarized T cell cytokine expression.
RCT evaluating the effects of perioperative infusion of L-alanyl-L-glutamine on T cell cytokine expression and infectious morbidity in cardiac surgery patients. The study found only minor influence on polarized intracellular T cell cytokine expression and no significant effects on postoperative infection rates, mortality, cardiovascular circulation, ventilation time, or renal function.
Gene expression is altered in piglet small intestine by weaning and dietary glutamine supplementation.
The study investigated the effects of dietary glutamine supplementation on gene expression in the small intestine of weanling piglets. Glutamine supplementation increased expression of genes necessary for cell growth and oxidative defense, reduced expression of genes promoting oxidative stress, and improved intestinal growth and body weight gain.
Does an L-glutamine-containing, glucose-free, oral rehydration solution reduce stool output and time to rehydrate in children with acute diarrhoea? A double-blind randomized clinical trial.
Double-blind RCT comparing L-glutamine-containing glucose-free ORS to standard WHO-ORS in 147 dehydrated children with acute diarrhoea. No significant differences were found in stool output, time to rehydrate, ORS volume required, urinary output, or vomiting between the groups.
Glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition in very low-birth-weight infants: effect on the incidence of allergic and infectious diseases in the first year of life.
Follow-up study of very low-birth-weight infants receiving glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition. Glutamine supplementation decreased the incidence of atopic dermatitis but had no effect on bronchial hyperreactivity and infectious diseases during the first year of life.
Addition of glutamine to essential amino acids and carbohydrate does not enhance anabolism in young human males following exercise.
The study examined the effect of adding glutamine to a carbohydrate and essential amino acid solution on muscle glycogen resynthesis and whole-body protein turnover in young males post-exercise. The addition of glutamine did not enhance muscle glycogen resynthesis or muscle protein synthesis, but may suppress a rise in whole-body proteolysis during recovery.
Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Diarrhea, Interleukin-8 and Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Children With Acute Diarrhea
This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial assessed the effect of glutamine supplementation on diarrhea duration and immunomodulatory markers in children with acute diarrhea. Glutamine supplementation significantly shortened the duration of diarrhea but did not affect serum IL-8 and sIgA levels. The beneficial impact appears to be on gastrointestinal mucosa rather than the immune response.
Parenteral L-alanyl-L-glutamine improves 6-month outcome in critically ill patients.
Prospective, open, randomized trial in a postoperative intensive care unit setting to investigate the effect of supplemental l-alanyl-l-glutamine in parenteral nutrition on clinical outcomes. The study found that plasma glutamine concentrations increased and six-month survival was significantly improved in patients treated with l-alanyl-l-glutamine for more than 9 days compared to controls.
SLC38A2 and glutamine signalling in cDC1s dictate anti-tumour immunity
The study establishes glutamine as a metabolic checkpoint that enhances cDC1-mediated CD8+ T cell immunity, inhibiting tumour growth and overcoming resistance to immunotherapies. Glutamine uptake via SLC38A2 is crucial for cDC1 function, and its signalling affects TFEB function, impacting anti-tumour immunity.
Effect of glutamine on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, absorption function, and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in heat-stressed chickens.
The study investigated the effects of glutamine on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, absorption function, and mRNA expression of intestinal transporters in heat-stressed chickens. Glutamine supplementation improved body weight gain, feed intake, enzyme activity, and nutrient absorption in heat-stressed broilers, suggesting it enhances growth performance and digestion.
Effect of oral l-Glutamine supplementation on Covid-19 treatment
The study investigated the effect of oral l-Glutamine supplementation on Covid-19 treatment outcomes in 60 patients. Results showed that the l-Glutamine group had a shorter hospitalization time and no need for ICU compared to the control group, suggesting potential benefits in boosting the immune system and reducing inflammation.
Glutamine supplementation reduces markers of intestinal permeability during running in the heat in a dose-dependent manner
The study examined the dose-response effects of acute glutamine supplementation on gastrointestinal permeability during running in the heat. Glutamine supplementation reduced markers of intestinal permeability in a dose-dependent manner, with larger doses being more effective. No significant effect on GI symptoms was observed.
Application of Glutamine-enriched nutrition therapy in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
RCT of 48 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia comparing glutamine-enriched nutritional therapy to standard nutrition during chemotherapy. The glutamine group showed improved prealbumin, retinol-binding protein levels, and triceps skinfold thickness, indicating better nutritional status and immune function.
Oral supplementation with L-glutamine alters gut microbiota of obese and overweight adults: A pilot study.
Pilot RCT of 33 overweight and obese adults comparing oral supplementation with 30 g of L-glutamine to L-alanine over 14 days. L-glutamine supplementation significantly altered gut microbiota composition, reducing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, which is associated with weight loss.
The Influence of Oral L-Glutamine Supplementation on Muscle Strength Recovery and Soreness Following Unilateral Knee Extension Eccentric Exercise.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study with 16 healthy participants examining the effects of L-glutamine supplementation on muscle strength recovery and soreness after eccentric exercise. L-glutamine resulted in greater peak torque and lower soreness ratings over a 72-hour recovery period, with effects more pronounced in men.
L-glutamine and whole protein restore first-phase insulin response and increase glucagon-like peptide-1 in type 2 diabetes patients.
Randomized crossover study in 10 well-controlled type 2 diabetes patients comparing oral L-glutamine and whole protein on insulin response. Both L-glutamine and protein increased first-phase insulin response and total GLP-1. Protein increased second-phase insulin response, but L-glutamine did not.
L-glutamine decreases the severity of mucositis induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 40 patients with head and neck cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy. The study investigated the effect of L-glutamine on mucositis severity. Glutamine significantly decreased the maximal mucositis grade and pain score compared to placebo.
Glycemic effects and safety of L-Glutamine supplementation with or without sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients-a randomized study.
Randomized crossover study assessing the efficacy and safety of daily L-glutamine supplementation with or without sitagliptin in type 2 diabetes patients. Glutamine decreased glycaemia but was associated with mild plasma volume expansion.
Prolonged continuous intravenous infusion of the dipeptide L-alanine- L-glutamine significantly increases plasma glutamine and alanine without elevating brain glutamate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
RCT investigating the effects of continuous intravenous infusion of L-alanine-L-glutamine in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. The infusion significantly increased plasma and brain glutamine and alanine levels without elevating brain glutamate or causing signs of glutamate-mediated cerebral injury.
Endogenous glutamine production in critically ill patients: the effect of exogenous glutamine supplementation.
RCT studying the effect of exogenous glutamine supplementation on endogenous glutamine production in 11 critically ill patients. A 14% increase in endogenous glutamine rate of appearance was observed at the end of the supplementation period compared to basal measurements.
Response to dietary L-glutamine supplementation in weaned piglets: a serum metabolomic comparison and hepatic metabolic regulation analysis.
The study investigated the effects of dietary L-glutamine supplementation on serum metabolites and hepatic metabolic regulation in weaned piglets using a metabolomic method. Results showed that L-glutamine supplementation altered the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids, with significant changes in enzyme activities and gene expression related to metabolic regulation.
L-glutamine absorption is enhanced after ingestion of L-alanylglutamine compared with the free amino acid or wheat protein.
The study examined plasma L-glutamine concentrations after ingestion of different formulations in 8 men. L-alanylglutamine (AlaGln) resulted in a greater increase in plasma L-glutamine concentration compared to free L-glutamine and hydrolyzed wheat protein. The results suggest enhanced absorption of L-glutamine when supplied as AlaGln.
Enteral nutrition supplemented with L-glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome due to pulmonary infection.
RCT evaluating the effect of enteral nutrition supplemented with l-glutamine on glycolytic parameters, inflammation, immune function, and oxidative stress in 30 intensive care patients with sepsis. Glutamine supplementation increased lymphocyte count and decreased lipid peroxidation but had no effect on antioxidant glutathione capacity, cytokine concentrations, or glycolytic parameters.
Glutamine reduces postprandial glycemia and augments the glucagon-like peptide-1 response in type 2 diabetes patients.
Randomized crossover study in 15 type 2 diabetes patients evaluating the effect of oral glutamine on postprandial glycemia and GLP-1 concentration. Gln-30 decreased early postprandial glucose response, enhanced late postprandial insulinemia, and augmented postprandial active GLP-1 responses compared with control.
Role of glutamine administration on cellular immunity after total parenteral nutrition enriched with glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome.
Prospective randomized clinical trial of 30 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome receiving glutamine-supplemented TPN. The study found that glutamine supplementation led to increased lymphocyte counts and decreased leukocyte and natural killer cell counts, suggesting a mixed effect on immune function.
The effect of glutamine infusion on the inflammatory response and HSP70 during human experimental endotoxaemia
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study in eight healthy young men to assess the effect of alanine-glutamine infusion on inflammatory response and HSP70 during endotoxin challenge. Glutamine infusion maintained plasma levels above baseline but did not alter endotoxin-induced systemic inflammation or early expression of HSP70 in BMNCs.
Medium without ammonium accumulation supports the developmental competence of human embryos.
RCT assessing the developmental competence of human embryos cultured in medium containing L-glutamine or a novel stable glutamine derivative and vitamins. The blastulation rates were significantly higher in the group with the stable glutamine derivative compared to the L-glutamine group.
A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial to study the effects of an enteral feed supplemented with glutamine, arginine, and omega-3 fatty acid in predicted acute severe pancreatitis.
A double-blind, randomised controlled trial investigated the effects of an enteral feed supplemented with glutamine, arginine, and omega-3 fatty acid in patients with predicted acute severe pancreatitis. The primary endpoint was a reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) by 40 mg/L after 3 days of feeding. The study group showed a lower reduction in CRP compared to the control group, with no significant difference in pancreatic necrosis indicators.
Supplementation of 1% L-glutamine to milk replacer does not overcome the growth depression in calves caused by soy protein concentrate.
RCT testing the effect of 1% l-glutamine supplementation in milk replacer on growth and intestinal morphology in calves fed soy protein concentrate. Glutamine did not improve average daily gain or intestinal morphology compared to controls.
Plasma glutamine concentrations in the horse following feeding and oral glutamine supplementation.
The study evaluated the effect of different feeds, with or without L-glutamine or a peptide containing glutamine, on plasma glutamine concentrations in horses. Results showed that supplementation with glutamine or the peptide significantly increased plasma glutamine concentrations without adverse effects, suggesting potential benefits for athletically or clinically stressed horses.
Glutamine-supplemented total parenteral nutrition attenuates plasma interleukin-6 in surgical patients with lower disease severity.
RCT of 48 patients with major abdominal surgery comparing conventional TPN to TPN supplemented with glutamine dipeptide. Glutamine supplementation decreased plasma IL-6 levels in patients with low admission illness severity, suggesting a beneficial effect on inflammation and nitrogen balance.
Glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
RCT of 24 patients with acute exacerbation of IBD receiving total parenteral nutrition with or without glutamine supplementation. Glutamine did not significantly affect plasma levels, intestinal permeability, inflammatory or nutritional parameters, or disease activity.
Probiotics, soluble fiber, and L-Glutamine (GLN) reduce nelfinavir (NFV)- or lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r)-related diarrhea.
RCT of 35 HIV-positive men with diarrhea on antiretroviral therapy, testing probiotics, soluble fiber, and L-Glutamine. Diarrhea resolved in 36% of subjects receiving supplements, with significant reductions in stool frequency and loperamide use.
L-alanyl-L-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition improves infectious morbidity in secondary peritonitis.
RCT of 33 patients with secondary peritonitis comparing standard TPN to L-alanyl-L-glutamine-supplemented TPN. The Gln-treated group showed significantly better nitrogen balance, albumin, IgA levels, and reduced infectious morbidity.
L-glutamine supplementation improves nelfinavir-associated diarrhea in HIV-infected individuals.
RCT of HIV-infected patients with nelfinavir-associated diarrhea comparing L-glutamine 30 g/day to placebo for 10 days. L-glutamine significantly reduced diarrhea severity and improved quality of life compared to placebo.
Effect of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis.
RCT of 28 patients with acute pancreatitis comparing standard TPN to TPN enriched with glutamine. Glutamine was associated with improved nutritional and inflammatory parameters, reduced length of TPN, and a trend towards reduced length of hospital stay without increasing overall cost.
Acute effects of intravenous glutamine supplementation on protein metabolism in very low birth weight infants: a stable isotope study.
RCT of 13 very low birth weight infants receiving parenteral nutrition to assess the effects of intravenous glutamine supplementation on protein metabolism. Glutamine supplementation was associated with higher plasma glutamine levels, reduced leucine release from protein breakdown, and reduced leucine oxidation, suggesting a potential protein-sparing effect.
Cost containment through L-alanyl-L-glutamine supplemented total parenteral nutrition after major abdominal surgery: a prospective randomized double-blind controlled study.
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of alanyl-glutamine supplementation in total parenteral nutrition for 37 patients after major abdominal surgery. The supplementation improved nitrogen balance, normalized plasma glutamine concentration, and reduced hospital stay duration.
Double-blind randomized controlled trial of glutamine-enriched polymeric diet in the treatment of active Crohn's disease.
RCT comparing a glutamine-enriched polymeric diet to a standard low-glutamine polymeric diet in 18 children with active Crohn's disease. The glutamine-enriched diet showed no advantage over the standard diet in achieving remission and was less effective in improving the paediatric Crohn's disease activity index.
Treatment of acute diarrhea with oral rehydration solutions containing glutamine.
RCT comparing the efficacy of adding 90 mmol/L L-glutamine to standard WHO oral rehydration salts in 120 male infants with acute non-cholera diarrhea. The study found no significant difference in diarrheal stool output, duration of diarrhea, or volume of ORS required between the treatment groups.
The effect of glutamine administration on urinary ammonium excretion in normal subjects and patients with renal disease.
The study investigated the effect of oral glutamine administration on urinary ammonium excretion in healthy subjects and patients with renal disease under different acid-base conditions. In healthy subjects, glutamine increased urinary ammonium excretion and urine pH during normal acid-base conditions and metabolic acidosis, but not during alkalosis. In patients with renal disease, glutamine did not significantly increase ammonium excretion, suggesting other limiting factors in these patients.
L-glutamine sensitizes Gram-positive-resistant bacteria to gentamicin killing
The study investigates the effect of L-glutamine on enhancing the efficacy of gentamicin against Gram-positive-resistant bacteria, including MRSA. L-glutamine increased gentamicin uptake by promoting membrane permeability and reducing reactive oxygen species, leading to improved survival in MRSA-infected mice.
A L-glutamine binding protein modified MNM structured optical fiber biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance sensing for detection of L-glutamine metabolism in vitro embryo culture.
The study developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical fiber sensor modified with L-glutamine-binding protein for detecting L-glutamine in vitro. The sensor showed a linear correlation between SPR peak shift and L-glutamine concentration, with high sensitivity and a low limit of detection, providing a method for assessing embryo development potential in vitro.
Real-World data on efficacy of L-glutamine in preventing sickle cell disease-related complications in pediatric and adult patients
Observational study of 19 patients with sickle cell disease treated with L-glutamine for 72 weeks. The study found significant reductions in pain crises, hospitalizations, days of hospitalization, and blood transfusions, along with improvements in hemoglobin levels and hematocrit proportions. No treatment-related adverse events were reported.
L-glutamine Induces Expression of Listeria monocytogenes Virulence Genes
The study investigates how L-glutamine serves as an environmental indicator and inducer of virulence gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes. It demonstrates that L-glutamine must be present and its transporter GlnPQ active for virulence gene induction, affecting the pathogen's virulence in a mouse infection model.
Parenteral glutamine protects hepatic function during bone marrow transplantation.
RCT of 34 patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation comparing glycl-L-glutamine to an isonitrogenous mixture of non-essential amino acids. Glutamine significantly preserved protein C and albumin levels, suggesting it protects hepatic function during BMT.
Acute L-glutamine ingestion does not improve maximal effort exercise.
RCT with 10 trained males testing the effect of L-glutamine ingestion on acid-base balance and high intensity exercise performance. No significant differences were found in pH, bicarbonate, lactate concentrations, or time to fatigue between L-glutamine and placebo conditions.
Oral L-glutamine therapy for sickle cell anemia: I. Subjective clinical improvement and favorable change in red cell NAD redox potential.
Study on the effect of oral L-glutamine supplementation in seven adult sickle cell anemia patients. L-glutamine significantly increased NAD redox potential and NADH levels in sickle RBC, suggesting potential clinical benefits by decreasing oxidative susceptibility.
The effect of L-glutamine on salt and water absorption: a jejunal perfusion study in cholera in humans.
A randomized double-blind jejunal perfusion study assessed the efficacy of an L-glutamine solution on jejunal salt and water absorption in 19 cholera patients. Glutamine in the presence of glucose significantly reduced net water and sodium secretion, suggesting its potential as a component in oral rehydration solutions.
Oral glutamine to prevent chemotherapy induced stomatitis: a pilot study.
Pilot study of oral glutamine supplementation in 14 cancer patients to prevent chemotherapy-induced stomatitis. Glutamine significantly decreased the severity and duration of mucositis in most patients, with no observed toxicity.
Effect of glutamine on leucine metabolism in humans.
The study investigated the protein anabolic effects of glutamine in seven healthy adults using L-[1-14C]leucine infusions. Glutamine infusion increased plasma glutamine concentration, decreased leucine oxidation, and increased nonoxidative leucine disposal, suggesting enhanced protein synthesis. In contrast, glycine infusion decreased protein turnover.
Glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate prevent the decrease in muscle free glutamine concentration and influence protein synthesis after total hip replacement.
RCT investigating the effects of glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation on muscle free glutamine concentration and protein synthesis after total hip replacement. Glutamine and alpha-ketoglutarate prevented the decrease in muscle free glutamine concentration and preserved protein synthesis, unlike the control group.
Response of glutamine metabolism to exogenous glutamine in humans.
The study investigated the effects of exogenous glutamine on whole body glutamine metabolism in humans. Intravenous and nasogastric infusions of labeled glutamine were used to measure metabolism rates. Glutamine infusion increased plasma glutamine concentration, appearance rates, and oxidation, while decreasing de novo synthesis.
5-fluorouracil and folinic acid-induced mucositis: no effect of oral glutamine supplementation.
Randomised double-blind trial with 28 patients with gastrointestinal cancers to assess the effect of 16 g of oral glutamine supplementation per day on mucositis caused by 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid. The study found no significant effect of glutamine on oral mucositis.
Parenteral glutamine dipeptide supplementation does not ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxicity.
Prospective double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study evaluating glutamine dipeptide supplementation in 20 hematologic patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy. No significant differences in neutropenic period, fever, extra antibiotics, and toxicity scores were observed, except for a gain in body weight per treatment cycle in favor of the glutamine-supplemented TPN.
Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications (a randomized, double-blind study).
A double-blind, randomized study of 29 patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors receiving bone marrow transplantation. Patients were given total parenteral nutrition supplemented with L-glutamine (TPN/GLN) or standard TPN. Total body water decreased significantly in the TPN/GLN group, and hospital stay was reduced by 5.8 days. No significant differences in bacterial cultures, infections, or mortality were observed between groups.
Glutamine and the preservation of gut integrity.
RCT of 20 patients on total parenteral nutrition comparing parenteral nutrition enriched with glycyl-L-glutamine to standard parenteral nutrition. The glutamine group maintained intestinal permeability and mucosal structure, while the standard group showed increased permeability and decreased villus height.
Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
RCT of 45 adults receiving allogeneic bone marrow transplants comparing glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition to standard parenteral nutrition. Glutamine supplementation improved nitrogen balance, reduced clinical infection and microbial colonization, and shortened hospital stay.
Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study.
RCT of 45 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, comparing standard glutamine-free total parenteral nutrition to a solution supplemented with L-glutamine. The study investigates the potential benefits of glutamine supplementation during periods of metabolic stress.
Absorption and metabolic effects of enterally administered glutamine in humans.
The study assessed the absorption and metabolic effects of enterally delivered glutamine in 10 healthy subjects. Glutamine was efficiently absorbed, increased plasma glutamine and alanine levels, and decreased plasma free fatty acid and glycerol levels, but did not affect leucine or glucose production.
Effect of parenteral glutamine peptide supplements on muscle glutamine loss and nitrogen balance after major surgery.
RCT of 12 patients undergoing major surgery comparing parenteral nutrition with and without L-alanyl-L-glutamine supplementation. The experimental group showed better nitrogen balance and maintained intramuscular glutamine concentration compared to the control group.
Recent Advances in Sickle-Cell Disease Therapies: A Review of Voxelotor, Crizanlizumab, and L-glutamine
Narrative review of recent advances in sickle-cell disease therapies, focusing on L-glutamine, crizanlizumab, and voxelotor. L-glutamine was associated with decreased pain crises, hospitalizations, and RBC transfusion rate. Barriers included insurance issues and intolerability. Crizanlizumab and voxelotor also showed benefits but faced similar barriers.
Low-dose exposure to phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles combined with glutamine deprivation enhances cell death in the cancer cell line HeLa via oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.
The study investigates the combined effect of phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles and glutamine deprivation on HeLa cancer cells. The combination led to significant inhibition of cell growth, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell cycle arrest, suggesting a potential anticancer strategy.