Research
Iron
290 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Association of iron deficiency and anemia with obesity among children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies examining the association of obesity with iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia in children. The analysis found a significant association between obesity and iron deficiency, with children living with obesity having lower levels of hemoglobin, iron, and transferrin saturation, and higher levels of ferritin and hepcidin.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous iron therapy for patients with heart failure and iron deficiency.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of six trials involving 7,175 patients with heart failure and iron deficiency. Intravenous iron therapy reduced rates of recurrent heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular mortality compared to placebo, indicating significant cardiovascular benefits and overall safety.
Single-dose intravenous iron vs oral iron for treatment of maternal iron deficiency anemia: a randomized clinical trial.
RCT comparing single-dose intravenous iron (ferric derisomaltose and ferric carboxymaltose) to oral iron (ferrous sulfate) in treating maternal iron deficiency anemia. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose reduced low birth weight incidence and both intravenous formulations improved attainment of nonanemic state without additional iron or transfusion compared to oral iron.
The use of iron after surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of postoperative iron therapy in increasing haemoglobin levels in patients with anaemia after surgery. Intravenous iron was found to significantly increase haemoglobin levels compared to placebo or no intervention, while oral iron was ineffective. The greatest benefit was observed in patients after orthopaedic surgery.
Efficacy of daily versus alternate day oral iron supplementation for management of anaemia among general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing daily versus alternate-day oral iron supplementation for iron deficiency anemia in the general population. The analysis included 11 RCTs with 1014 participants, finding no significant difference in hemoglobin increase between dosing strategies. Both regimens were similarly effective, with alternate-day dosing showing better tolerability.
Effectiveness of intermittent iron and high-dose vitamin A supplementation on hemoglobin, iron and vitamin A status of schoolchildren in southern Ethiopia: a randomized placebo controlled trial.
RCT assessing the effectiveness of weekly iron and semestrial high-dose vitamin A supplementation on hemoglobin, iron, and vitamin A status in 504 schoolchildren in Ethiopia. Iron supplementation increased serum ferritin and total body iron, but neither iron nor vitamin A supplementation significantly affected hemoglobin, soluble transferrin receptor, or retinol-binding protein concentrations.
Heme iron compared with ferrous iron salts to treat iron deficiency anemia in Gambian children: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT comparing heme iron polypeptide (HIP) and ferrous sulfate in 208 anemic Gambian infants aged 6-12 months. Both treatments improved hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations with no difference between them. HIP showed superiority in secondary measures of iron status, suggesting improved iron supply to developing organs.
Comparison of Effects of Iron and Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation on Hematological and Growth Indicators among Older Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 RCTs comparing iron and multiple micronutrient supplementation in older children, adolescents, and young adults in low- and middle-income countries. Both iron and MMN supplementation improved hemoglobin levels, with iron also increasing weight and MMN increasing height. Iron supplementation showed additional benefits on ferritin and serum transferrin receptor levels.
Clinical outcome post treatment of anemia in pregnancy with intravenous versus oral iron therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing intravenous versus oral iron therapy for treating anemia in pregnancy. IV iron was found to increase hemoglobin more rapidly and reduce adverse maternal outcomes compared to oral iron, though no significant difference was observed for neonatal complications.
Intravenous iron for acute and chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients with iron deficiency: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing IV iron to placebo in 7,813 patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. IV iron significantly improved heart health metrics, physical performance, and nutritional markers, supporting its use as standard care in this population.
Impact of Intravenous Iron in patients with heart failure and Iron Deficiency: an updated Meta-analysis of Randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 6511 participants assessing intravenous iron therapy in heart failure patients with iron deficiency. The therapy significantly reduced heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular death but showed no significant effect on all-cause mortality. Long-term administration showed more favorable effects without additional treatment-related complications.
Effect and safety of intravenous iron compared to oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy.
This systematic review evaluated the effect and safety of intravenous versus oral iron preparations for treating iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Intravenous iron likely slightly increases haemoglobin levels and reduces anaemia compared to oral iron. The review included 13 RCTs with 3939 participants, mainly conducted in India and Africa.
Efficacy of different doses of daily prophylactic iron supplementation in pregnant women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs with 2726 participants comparing different doses of daily iron supplementation in pregnant women. Found that 60 mg/day is more efficacious than 30 mg/day for anemia prophylaxis, and ≤60 mg/day is as effective as >60 mg/day.
Associations Between Nonanemic Iron Deficiency and Postoperative Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 studies with 2683 patients assessing the association between nonanemic iron deficiency and postoperative outcomes in cardiac surgery. No significant association was found with primary or secondary outcomes except for an increased requirement for allogeneic red blood cell transfusion.
A Systematic Review of Isotopically Measured Iron Absorption in Infants and Children Under 2 Years.
Systematic review of isotopically measured iron absorption in infants and children under 2 years. The review supports oral iron supplementation, noting high bioavailability from breast milk and reduced absorption from cow's milk. Ascorbic acid enhances absorption, while lactoferrin and prebiotics show promise but need further study.
Effects of Oral Iron Supplementation on Blood Iron Status in Athletes: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Randomized Controlled Trials.
This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of oral iron supplementation (OIS) on blood iron parameters and physical performance in healthy adult athletes. OIS was found to increase serum ferritin levels, but had minimal effects on other blood iron parameters. A small positive effect on physical performance was observed, particularly in athletes with low initial serum ferritin levels.
The impact of different doses of oral iron supplementation during pregnancy: a pilot randomized trial.
Pilot randomized trial investigating the impact of different doses of oral iron supplementation in pregnant women without anemia. Participants were allocated to 200 mg ferrous sulfate daily, alternate days, or 3 times per week. The study found a lower adherence rate in the daily arm but suggested that daily dosing might provide the best opportunity for adequate iron load during pregnancy.
Iron Supplementation in Management of Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Qualitative Synthesis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the role of iron supplementation in managing neurodevelopmental disorders among children and youths. Nine articles were included, focusing on ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, and Tourette's syndrome. Meta-analysis of three RCTs on ADHD hyperactivity showed moderate to large effect sizes, though differences were not significant. The quality of evidence was considered very low, and further research is needed.
Dietary iron and the risk of lung cancer.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 studies (3 case-control, 6 cohort) examining the association between dietary iron intake and lung cancer risk. No significant association was found overall, but a positive association was observed between dietary heme iron and lung cancer risk in women.
Oral iron supplementation and anaemia in children according to schedule, duration, dose and cosupplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 randomised trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 129 RCTs on oral iron supplementation in children and adolescents. Frequent and intermittent iron regimens were similarly effective at decreasing anaemia, with moderate and high doses more effective than low doses. Iron supplementation showed similar benefits alone or with zinc or vitamin A, except for an attenuated effect on anaemia with zinc cosupplementation.
Long-Term Outcomes of Iron Deficiency Before and After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the prevalence of iron deficiency in bariatric surgery candidates and long-term outcomes post-surgery. It included 57 studies with 26,328 patients, showing varying prevalence of iron deficiency at different follow-up intervals after surgery. The study highlights the importance of preoperative evaluation and correction of iron deficiency for better outcomes.
Levels of iron and iron-related proteins in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis evaluated iron and iron-related proteins in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients compared to healthy controls. It found decreased iron in blood and increased ferritin in cerebrospinal fluid in AD patients, with lower lactoferrin in serum. Other iron-related proteins showed no significant differences.
Anemia and Poor Iron Indices Are Associated With Susceptibility to Febrile Seizures in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis comprised 20 case-control studies with a total of 3856 participants, examining the relationship between iron deficiency anemia and febrile seizures in children. The study found that iron deficiency anemia and poor iron indices, such as low mean corpuscular volume, low serum iron, high total iron-binding capacity, and low ferritin, are associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures.
Intravenous iron infusion in patients with heart failure: a systematic review and study-level meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 10 RCTs with 3438 patients assessing the effect of intravenous iron infusion in heart failure patients. Intravenous iron significantly reduced the composite of cardiovascular mortality and first hospitalization for heart failure, as well as total hospitalizations for heart failure, but had no effect on all-cause mortality or cardiovascular mortality alone.
Iron supplements in pregnant women with normal iron status: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs involving 2822 pregnant women with normal iron status. Daily oral iron supplementation probably reduces iron deficiency anemia at term and the incidence of low birthweight babies. It may also reduce iron deficiency and the incidence of small for gestational age babies.
The treatment effects and cardiovascular events of high-dose intravenous iron for hemodialysis patients with renal anemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing high-dose versus low-dose intravenous iron treatments in 2422 hemodialysis patients with renal anemia. High-dose iron was associated with improved ferritin, transferrin saturation percentage, and hemoglobin levels, and reduced erythropoietin dose requirement. Cardiovascular events were also analyzed.
Effect of intake of iron-fortified milk on levels of ferritin and hemoglobin in preschoolers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of seven trials with 1210 preschoolers examining the effect of iron-fortified milk on hemoglobin and ferritin levels. The study found a significant effect of iron-fortified milk on increasing hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations, though it is not sufficient as a coadjuvant treatment for anemia.
Is a Lower Dose of More Bioavailable Iron (18-mg Ferrous Bisglycinate) Noninferior to 60-mg Ferrous Sulfate in Increasing Ferritin Concentrations While Reducing Gut Inflammation and Enteropathogen Detection in Cambodian Women? A Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial.
A randomized controlled noninferiority trial in Cambodian women compared 18-mg ferrous bisglycinate to 60-mg ferrous sulfate and placebo over 12 weeks. Ferrous bisglycinate was less effective than ferrous sulfate in increasing ferritin concentrations, with no differences in gut inflammation or enteropathogen detection across groups.
Alternate day versus daily oral iron for treatment of iron deficiency anemia: a randomized controlled trial
This randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of daily versus alternate day supplementation of oral iron (ferrous sulfate) in 200 adults with iron deficiency anemia. The study found no significant difference in the mean change in hemoglobin levels between the alternate day and daily supplementation groups after 8 weeks.
Role of iron in the reduction of anemia among women of reproductive age in low-middle income countries: insights from systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing iron's role in reducing anemia among women of reproductive age in low-middle-income countries. Iron therapy improved hemoglobin and ferritin levels, indicating a positive effect on iron-deficiency anemia.
Effects of iron supplementation on cognitive development in school-age children: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of iron supplementation on cognitive development in school-age children. Iron supplementation significantly improved intelligence, attention, concentration, and memory, but had no significant effect on school achievement.
Effects of intraoperative or postoperative administration of intravenous iron supplements on hemoglobin recovery in patients with total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the effects of intraoperative or postoperative administration of intravenous iron supplements on hemoglobin recovery in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The study found that IV iron supplementation significantly increased hemoglobin recovery and reduced the need for allogeneic blood transfusion during hospitalization.
The effects of oral ferrous bisglycinate supplementation on hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations in adults and children: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 RCTs evaluating ferrous bisglycinate supplementation compared to other iron supplements. Ferrous bisglycinate increased hemoglobin concentrations and reduced GI adverse events in pregnant women, with no significant differences in children.
Relationship between Iron Deficiency and Thyroid Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between iron deficiency and thyroid function. It found that patients with iron deficiency had significantly lower levels of TSH, FT4, and FT3, particularly in pregnant women. The study also noted a positive correlation between serum TSH and FT4 levels with serum ferritin levels, suggesting a link between iron deficiency and thyroid autoimmunity.
Dietary iron intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 prospective cohort studies with 323,788 participants assessing the association between iron intake and risk of type 2 diabetes. Higher heme iron intake was associated with a 20% higher risk of T2D, while no significant relationship was found for total, non-heme, and supplemental iron.
Prevalence of anemia and related nutrient deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence of anemia and related nutrient deficiencies after sleeve gastrectomy in 7639 patients. The study found an increased risk of anemia and decreased iron storage over long-term observation, with ferritin deficiency increasing from 6% at baseline to 27% at 60 months. Routine iron supplementation may reduce anemia, but current guidelines may be insufficient.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of intravenous iron therapy for adults with non-anaemic iron deficiency: An abridged Cochrane review.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 RCTs with 3514 participants assessing intravenous iron therapy in adults with non-anaemic iron deficiency. Intravenous iron improved physical function and reduced fatigue scores compared to placebo, but no overall difference in quality of life was observed. The quality of evidence was rated low to very low.
Effect of Oral Iron Supplementation on Cognitive Function among Children and Adolescents in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies with 1196 participants from five countries examining the effect of oral iron supplementation on cognitive function in children and adolescents in LMICs. Iron supplementation improved intelligence test scores but had no significant effects on attention, memory, or school performance.
Increased vs. Standard Dose of Iron in Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Foods for the Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition in a Community Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the effects of increased iron dose in RUTF compared to standard dose for treating severe acute malnutrition in children. High iron content may increase hemoglobin concentration and decrease anemia but also decrease recovery rates and increase mortality, with imprecise confidence intervals.
Pre-operative iron increases haemoglobin concentration before abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing pre-operative iron supplementation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Pre-operative iron significantly increased haemoglobin concentration by 0.81 g/dl but did not reduce the incidence of peri-operative blood transfusion.
Role of iron biomarkers and iron intakes in lung cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the relationship between iron biomarkers/intakes and lung cancer risk. Found higher serum ferritin and transferrin saturation in lung cancer patients, but no significant effects of iron intake on lung cancer incidence.
Maternal Iron Status in Pregnancy and Child Health Outcomes after Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 44 studies on maternal iron status during pregnancy and long-term child health outcomes. Found mixed associations between maternal iron deficiency or overload and adverse child outcomes, including neurodevelopment and growth. Heterogeneity among studies was strong, with inconsistent associations between maternal and child iron status.
Iron preparations for women of reproductive age with iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy (FRIDA): a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of 53 trials involving 9145 pregnant women with iron deficiency anaemia. Intravenous iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose showed improvements in haemoglobin and serum ferritin compared to oral ferrous sulfate. Gastrointestinal side-effects were common with oral iron, while parenteral iron had fewer side-effects.
Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Iron Therapy for Treating Anaemia in Critically ill Adults: A Rapid Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.
This rapid systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron therapy for treating anaemia in critically ill adults. The analysis included 8 RCTs with 1198 patients, showing evidence of an effect in favor of IV iron over control for hemoglobin concentration at 10 to 30 days. However, the certainty of evidence was very low, and further large, well-conducted trials are needed.
Iron supplementation for patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating iron supplementation in cardiac surgery patients. Reviewed 1,767 citations, with five studies (n = 554) meeting inclusion criteria. Found no statistical difference in incidence of transfusion with iron use. Current literature does not support or refute routine iron therapy in cardiac surgery.
Nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia throughout the life cycle: an overview of systematic reviews.
This systematic review summarizes evidence from 75 reviews on nutrition-specific interventions for preventing and controlling anaemia. It highlights that daily iron supplementation may increase haemoglobin levels and reduce the risk of anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia in various populations, including infants, children, and women. Iron fortification of foods and the use of iron pots may also have benefits, particularly in low-risk malaria populations.
Effectiveness of Iron Supplementation With or Without Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents on Red Blood Cell Utilization in Patients With Preoperative Anaemia Undergoing Elective Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of preoperative iron supplementation with or without erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) on red blood cell utilization in anaemic patients undergoing elective surgery. The study found that iron monotherapy may not reduce the number of transfused units or patients, while iron combined with ESAs probably reduces RBC utilization.
Iron deficiency and early childhood caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the relationship between iron deficiency and early childhood caries. The analysis found that children with early childhood caries were more likely to have iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia, with lower hemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume levels compared to those without caries.
Iron intake and multiple health outcomes: Umbrella review.
This umbrella review systematically evaluated the relationships between iron intake and various health outcomes, identifying 34 meta-analyses with 46 unique outcomes. Heme iron intake was positively associated with outcomes like colorectal cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality, while dietary total iron intake could decrease risks of colorectal adenoma and coronary heart disease. Iron supplementation was protective against some outcomes but associated with decreased length and weight gain. The quality of evidence was mostly low or very low.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal malignancy in iron deficiency without anaemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the prevalence of gastrointestinal malignancy in patients with iron deficiency without anaemia (IDWA). The overall pooled prevalence of GI malignancy in IDWA patients was low, with older patients and non-screening populations at increased risk.
Preoperative iron treatment in anaemic patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis reviewed the clinical effectiveness of preoperative iron in anaemic patients undergoing elective total hip or knee replacement. It found a 39% reduction in the risk of receiving a perioperative blood transfusion and a significant reduction in the number of red blood cell units transfused and length of stay with iron supplementation.
Efficacy and safety of iron therapy in patients with chronic heart failure and iron deficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 15 randomised controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 15 RCTs with 1627 patients evaluating iron therapy in chronic heart failure with iron deficiency. Iron therapy reduced cardiovascular hospitalisation, improved cardiac function, exercise capacity, and quality of life, without increasing adverse events.
Delayed iron improves iron status without altering malaria risk in severe malarial anemia.
RCT comparing immediate versus delayed iron treatment in Ugandan children with severe malaria and iron deficiency. Delayed iron treatment improved long-term iron status without affecting malaria incidence, though it did not increase hemoglobin concentration.
Biological fluid levels of iron and iron-related proteins in Parkinson's disease: Review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined CSF and serum/plasma levels of iron and iron-related proteins in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. A non-significant trend towards higher CSF iron levels and marginally significantly lower serum/plasma iron levels was observed in PD patients compared to controls.
Intravenous iron therapy for patients with preoperative iron deficiency or anaemia undergoing cardiac surgery reduces blood transfusions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of IV iron therapy in cardiac surgery patients with preoperative anaemia or iron deficiency. Pooled data from RCTs and observational studies suggest IV iron reduces blood transfusions, mortality, renal injury, and hospital length of stay compared to oral or no iron.
Diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia in gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review.
Systematic review by the Digestive Bleeding and Anemia Workgroup to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. The review analyzed 17 original articles, one meta-analysis, and 13 clinical practice guidelines, resulting in ten recommendations for managing IDA, including evaluation, treatment indications, and monitoring.
Iron metabolism and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
This meta-analysis and systematic review analyzed the association between serum iron metabolism indicators and type 2 diabetes. Elevated serum ferritin was identified as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, while the soluble transferrin receptor-to-ferritin ratio was inversely related to diabetes risk. No significant association was found between serum soluble transferrin receptor and type 2 diabetes.
Intermittent iron supplementation for reducing anaemia and its associated impairments in adolescent and adult menstruating women.
Meta-analysis of 25 studies involving 10,996 menstruating women assessing intermittent iron supplementation compared to no intervention, placebo, or daily supplementation. Intermittent iron supplementation reduced the risk of anaemia and improved haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations. It was found to be as effective as daily supplementation in preventing or controlling anaemia, with fewer adverse side effects.
Efficacy and safety of erythropoietin and iron therapy to reduce red blood cell transfusion in surgical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 25 studies with 4,719 participants evaluating the efficacy and safety of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron therapy versus iron therapy alone in reducing red blood cell transfusion in surgical patients. ESA and iron therapy reduced RBC transfusion relative to iron therapy alone, but no significant differences were observed in mortality or other serious adverse events.
Oral vs intravenous iron therapy for postpartum anemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized trials comparing oral vs intravenous iron therapy for postpartum anemia. IV iron resulted in higher hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations at various postpartum weeks and had a better safety profile compared to oral iron.
Intravenous or oral iron for treating iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis comparing intravenous and oral iron therapy for treating iron deficiency anaemia in pregnant women. The study found low-quality evidence that intravenous iron was superior in reducing the need for blood transfusion and increasing neonatal birthweight, but overall, there was no strong evidence favoring intravenous over oral iron for first-line therapy.
Iron therapy for preoperative anaemia.
This Cochrane Review summarizes evidence from six RCTs evaluating preoperative iron therapy for anaemia in surgical patients. The meta-analysis found no significant reduction in the need for blood transfusions with iron therapy compared to placebo or standard care. Intravenous iron increased haemoglobin and ferritin levels more than oral iron, but the evidence is not reliable due to small sample sizes.
Iron Status and Gestational Diabetes-A Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis of 33 studies with 44,110 participants examining the association of iron biomarkers and dietary iron exposure with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Findings suggest associations between iron, ferritin, transferrin saturation, hemoglobin, and dietary heme intake with GDM, but not with total dietary iron, non-heme iron, or supplemental iron. High heterogeneity among studies noted.
Safety and efficacy of iron therapy on reducing red blood cell transfusion requirements and treating anaemia in critically ill adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 6 RCTs with 805 participants evaluating iron therapy in ICU patients. Iron therapy modestly increased hemoglobin levels but did not significantly reduce red blood cell transfusion requirements or affect infection risk.
Dietary intake of heme iron and body iron status are associated with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the association between dietary heme iron intake and body iron status with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The study found that increased dietary intake of heme iron and higher body iron stores are positively associated with the risk of GDM in pregnant women.
Iron Status in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 studies examining the association between iron status and ADHD in children. Lower serum ferritin levels were associated with ADHD, while no correlation was found with serum iron levels.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of iron therapy in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease: updated and abridged Cochrane review.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 RCTs with 9004 participants assessing iron therapies in anaemic adults without chronic kidney disease. Both oral and parenteral iron reduced the need for blood transfusion and increased haemoglobin levels, but showed no benefit on mortality.
Daily iron supplementation for improving anaemia, iron status and health in menstruating women.
This meta-analysis synthesizes evidence from 67 trials involving 8506 menstruating women, assessing the effects of daily iron supplementation. Iron supplementation significantly reduced anaemia and iron deficiency, increased haemoglobin levels, improved exercise performance, and reduced fatigue, but increased gastrointestinal side effects.
Intravenous Versus Oral Iron for the Treatment of Anemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing intravenous (IV) versus oral iron supplementation for correcting anemia in adult IBD patients. IV iron demonstrated higher efficacy in achieving a hemoglobin rise and had lower treatment discontinuation rates due to adverse events compared to oral iron. However, serious adverse events were more frequently reported with IV iron, though most were unrelated to the study medication.
Daily oral iron supplementation during pregnancy.
Meta-analysis of 61 trials involving 43,274 pregnant women assessing daily oral iron supplementation. Iron supplementation reduced maternal anaemia and iron deficiency at term, but effects on other maternal and infant outcomes were less clear. No significant differences were found for severe anaemia, maternal infection, or neonatal outcomes.
Ferrous sulfate supplementation causes significant gastrointestinal side-effects in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 43 RCTs with 6831 adult participants evaluating gastrointestinal side-effects of ferrous sulfate supplementation. Ferrous sulfate significantly increased the risk of GI side-effects compared to placebo and intravenous iron, with odds ratios of 2.32 and 3.05, respectively.
Prenatal Iron Supplementation Reduces Maternal Anemia, Iron Deficiency, and Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Rural China, but Iron Deficiency Remains Widespread in Mothers and Neonates.
RCT in rural China assessing prenatal iron-folate supplementation on maternal and neonatal iron status. Iron supplementation reduced maternal anemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anemia, but iron deficiency remained widespread in mothers and neonates.
The Efficacy and Safety of Iron Supplementation in Patients With Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of five RCTs with 907 patients assessing iron supplementation in heart failure patients with iron deficiency. Iron therapy significantly reduced hospitalization rates for heart failure and the combined endpoint of hospitalization and death, without increasing adverse events. Mortality impact remains inconclusive.
Iron Replacement in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis comparing intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) iron for treating iron deficiency anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). No significant difference was found in hemoglobin response between IV and PO iron. IV iron led to a greater rise in serum ferritin and had a lower risk of withdrawal due to adverse events.
Systematic review and meta-analysis: what is the evidence for oral iron supplementation in treating anaemia in elderly people?
Systematic review and meta-analysis of oral iron supplementation in elderly people with iron deficiency anaemia. Meta-analysis of three studies (440 participants) showed oral iron increased haemoglobin levels more than placebo or no treatment after 4-6 weeks. No significant differences in adverse effects, length of hospitalisation, or mortality were found.
Dietary intake of heme iron and risk of cardiovascular disease: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
Meta-analysis of 13 prospective cohort studies with 252,164 participants examining the association between dietary iron intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Heme iron intake was significantly associated with increased CVD risk, while no association was found for non-heme or total iron intake.
Adherence in a pragmatic randomized controlled trial on prophylactic iron supplementation during pregnancy in Maputo, Mozambique.
Pragmatic RCT in Maputo, Mozambique, evaluating adherence to iron (ferrous sulfate) and folic acid supplementation during pregnancy. The study found varying adherence levels, with 67% completing intake of tablets. Adherence was influenced by factors such as age, history of abortion, and HIV status, with differences observed between trial centers.
Anaemia, prenatal iron use, and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 48 randomised trials and 44 cohort studies examining prenatal iron use and maternal anaemia. Iron use increased maternal haemoglobin concentration and reduced risks of anaemia, iron deficiency, and low birth weight. No significant effect on preterm birth was found. Dose-response analysis showed increased birth weight with higher iron doses.
Is heme iron intake associated with risk of coronary heart disease? A meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Meta-analysis of six prospective studies with 131,553 participants found that higher heme iron intake was associated with a 31% increased risk of coronary heart disease. The dose-response relationship indicated a 27% increased risk per 1 mg/day increase in heme iron intake.
Effect of daily iron supplementation on health in children aged 4-23 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing daily oral iron supplementation in children aged 4-23 months. Iron supplementation reduced the risk of anaemia, iron deficiency, and iron deficiency anaemia. However, there were no significant differences in mental or psychomotor development, and adverse effects like vomiting and fever were more prevalent.
Tolerability of different oral iron supplements: a systematic review.
Systematic review analyzing the tolerability of various oral iron supplements based on data from 111 studies with 10,695 patients. Ferrous sulfate with mucoproteose had the lowest incidence of adverse effects, while ferrous fumarate had the highest. Extended-release ferrous sulfate with mucoproteose was the best tolerated.
Intravenous iron supplementation for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anaemia - systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing IV iron with no iron or oral iron for chemotherapy-induced anaemia. IV iron significantly increased haematopoietic response rate and decreased the rate of blood transfusions, with no difference in mortality or adverse events.
Heme iron from meat and risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis and a review of the mechanisms involved.
Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies involving 566,607 individuals and 4,734 cases of colon cancer, showing a relative risk of 1.18 for colon cancer in the highest category of heme iron intake. The study suggests a link between dietary heme iron and increased risk of colon cancer, supported by experimental evidence in rats showing promotion of precancerous lesions.
Iron Supplementation with Ferrous Sulfate or Ferrous Bisglycinate for 12 Weeks Does Not Influence Group B Streptococcus Colonization in Cambodian Women: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Secondary analysis of an RCT in 144 Cambodian women examining the effect of 12 weeks of iron supplementation with ferrous sulfate or ferrous bisglycinate on Group B Streptococcus colonization. No changes in GBS colonization were detected between baseline and endline within any treatment arm, nor were there differences across groups at 12 weeks.
Iron absorption and loss, and efficacy of iron supplementation with and without prebiotics in children with virally suppressed HIV: three prospective studies in South Africa.
Three prospective studies in South Africa investigated iron absorption and the efficacy of iron supplementation with and without prebiotics in children with virally suppressed HIV. The studies found that while dietary iron absorption is reduced in these children, supplemental and fortificant iron are well absorbed. A 12-week RCT showed that iron supplementation with prebiotics led to a greater increase in serum ferritin and fewer infection-related symptoms compared to iron with placebo.
Effects of consuming an iron supplement with a meal containing animal or plant-based meat on indicators of iron status and anemia in women of reproductive age with iron deficiency: a randomized, controlled study.
RCT of 52 nonpregnant females with iron deficiency comparing the effects of consuming an iron supplement with meals containing either animal or plant-based meat over 8 weeks. Both groups showed improvements in iron status indicators, suggesting the 'meat factor' does not significantly enhance iron absorption when taken with an iron supplement.
Early iron supplementation in exclusively breastfed Gambian infants: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT in rural Gambia with 101 exclusively breastfed infants aged 6 to 10 weeks, comparing daily iron supplementation (7.5 mg/day as ferrous sulfate) to placebo for 98 days. Iron supplementation significantly improved serum iron concentration and other markers of iron status without adverse effects on growth or infections.
Daily versus Alternate-Day Iron Supplementation for Pregnant Women with Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT comparing daily versus alternate-day iron supplementation in 88 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia. The study found no significant differences in hemoglobin increase, side effects, or compliance between the two regimens after 6 weeks.
Increasing Natural Killer Cell Activity of Mineral Nanomaterial ALP1018 in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Comparative Clinical Trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the immune-enhancing effects of the nanomaterial ALP1018, containing iron and zinc, in 80 healthy adults. The test group showed increased natural killer cell activity after 8 weeks, with significant improvements also observed in COVID-19 affected participants. No adverse effects were reported.
A randomized double-blind pilot study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous iron versus oral iron for the treatment of restless legs syndrome in patients with iron deficiency anemia.
A randomized double-blind pilot study compared intravenous iron (ferumoxytol) and oral iron (ferrous sulfate) for treating restless legs syndrome in patients with iron deficiency anemia. Both treatments showed marked improvement in RLS symptoms with no significant difference between groups. No serious adverse events were observed.
The Effect of Oral Iron Supplementation on Gut Microbial Composition: a Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial among Cambodian Women of Reproductive Age.
This secondary analysis of a double-blind, randomized controlled trial examined the effects of oral iron supplementation on gut microbiomes in Cambodian women of reproductive age. Participants received ferrous sulfate, ferrous bisglycinate, or placebo for 12 weeks. Iron supplementation did not alter overall gut microbial diversity, but ferrous bisglycinate increased the relative abundance of certain bacteria, and ferrous sulfate was associated with an increase in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli virulence genes.
Neonatal outcomes from a randomized controlled trial of maternal treatment of iron deficiency anemia with intravenous ferumoxytol vs oral ferrous sulfate.
RCT comparing intravenous ferumoxytol to oral ferrous sulfate in treating maternal anemia in 124 participants. Neonates of participants receiving intravenous ferumoxytol had higher ferritin concentrations in cord blood, though other hematological parameters were equivalent between groups.
Intravenous infusions of ferumoxytol compared to oral ferrous sulfate for the treatment of anemia in pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT comparing intravenous ferumoxytol to oral ferrous sulfate for treating iron-deficiency anemia in pregnant women. Ferumoxytol showed superior increases in maternal hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron, and ferritin levels compared to oral ferrous sulfate.
Criteria for Iron Deficiency in Patients With Heart Failure.
The study investigated how different definitions of iron deficiency affect its prevalence and relationship to prognosis in 4,422 ambulatory patients with chronic heart failure. It found that definitions of iron deficiency provide discordant results for prevalence and prognosis, with some definitions associated with higher 5-year mortality and others with lower mortality.
Effectiveness of Health Information Package Program on Knowledge and Compliance among Pregnant Women with Anemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
RCT evaluating the effectiveness of a Health Information Package Program on knowledge and compliance among anemic pregnant women in Saudi Arabia. The intervention group showed significantly higher knowledge, food selection ability, compliance with iron and folic acid supplementation, and hemoglobin levels compared to the control group.
Ameliorating Atopy by Compensating Micronutritional Deficiencies in Immune Cells: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study assessed the efficacy of a holoBLG lozenge containing β-lactoglobulin with iron, polyphenols, retinoic acid, and zinc in 51 allergic women. The holoBLG group showed a 42% improvement in nasal symptoms and improved iron status compared to placebo, suggesting targeted micronutrition can reduce allergy symptoms.
Iron deficiency in infancy and neurocognitive and educational outcomes in young adulthood.
Observational study examining the impact of iron deficiency in infancy on neurocognitive and educational outcomes in young adulthood. Iron deficiency was associated with poor executive control at age 21, lower verbal IQ, and more frequent inattention and sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms in childhood, leading to lower educational attainment.
Addition of oral iron bisglycinate to intravenous iron sucrose for the treatment of postpartum anemia-randomized controlled trial.
RCT comparing intravenous iron sucrose alone to intravenous iron sucrose with oral iron bisglycinate in treating postpartum anemia. Hemoglobin levels were slightly higher in the combination group, but iron storage and quality of life were similar. Oral iron was associated with a 29% rate of adverse effects.
Randomized Trial of Oral Iron and Diet Advice versus Diet Advice Alone in Young Children with Nonanemic Iron Deficiency.
A blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial in young children with nonanemic iron deficiency compared the effects of ferrous sulfate and diet advice versus diet advice alone. The study found that adding ferrous sulfate resulted in superior serum ferritin outcomes after 4 months, though cognitive outcomes remained uncertain.
The Effect of Parenteral or Oral Iron Supplementation on Fatigue, Sleep, Quality of Life and Restless Legs Syndrome in Iron-Deficient Blood Donors: A Secondary Analysis of the IronWoMan RCT
Secondary analysis of the IronWoMan RCT comparing intravenous and oral iron supplementation in 176 iron-deficient blood donors. Significant improvements were found in symptoms of RLS, fatigue, and sleep quality, with no difference between intravenous and oral supplementation.