Research
Iodine
87 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors among school-age children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 studies involving 15,611 school-age children in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency was 58%, with the highest prevalence in the Oromia Region. Goitrogenic food consumption and being female were significant factors associated with iodine deficiency.
Behavior change intervention to sustain iodide salt utilization in households in Ethiopia and study of the effect of iodine status on the growth of young children: community trial.
Community trial in Ethiopia assessing the impact of iodide salt utilization on children's iodine status and growth. The intervention improved iodine status and reduced stunted growth in children compared to the control group.
Balancing the benefits and risks of China's national salt iodization policy over 30 years using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs): a systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the balance of benefits and risks of China's national salt iodization policy over 30 years using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). It suggests that the optimal iodine content for salt is lower than the current policy benchmark, highlighting the need for refined iodine supplementation strategies.
Variation in milk‑iodine concentration around the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the difference between season and dairy-production system.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of milk-iodine concentration variations across countries, seasons, and dairy-production systems. Iodine concentration is higher in winter than summer milk and in conventional than organic milk, with significant differences noted in summer.
Maternal Iodine Status and Birth Outcomes: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 23 cohorts with 42269 participants examining the association between maternal iodine status and birth outcomes. The study found modest-sized associations between iodine status and birth weight, birth weight centile, and risk of small for gestational age (SGA), recommending iodine sufficiency for women of childbearing age.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of iodine nutrition in modern vegan and vegetarian diets.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed iodine intake and status in adults following vegan or vegetarian diets. It found that vegan groups had the lowest median urinary iodine concentration and poorest iodine intake compared to omnivorous diets. The study highlights the increased risk of iodine deficiency in vegans and vegetarians, especially in countries without Universal Salt Iodisation programmes.
Iodine nutritional status is not a direct factor in the prevalence of themutation in papillary thyroid cancer.
Meta-analysis of five studies examining the relationship between iodine nutritional status and the prevalence of the mutation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) among 2,068 patients. The study found that iodine intake levels did not significantly affect the prevalence of the BRAFV600E mutation in PTC patients.
Effects of iodine supplementation on thyroid function parameter: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of iodine supplementation on maternal thyroid hormone concentrations and iodine status during and/or before pregnancy. Supplementation of 200 µg/day of iodine was found to change urinary iodine concentration, contributing to adequate intake, with the best time to start supplementation being prior to or early in pregnancy.
Do Postpartum Maternal Iodine Status or Supplementation Affect Thyroid Function After Delivery? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the association between postpartum maternal iodine status or supplementation and thyroid function after delivery. The analysis included 18 studies and found that iodine status or supplementation had no effect on thyroid hormones in postpartum women.
Prevalence of Excessive Iodine Intake in Pregnancy and Its Health Consequences: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the prevalence of excessive iodine intake in 10,736 pregnant women worldwide. Found a 52% prevalence of excessive iodine intake, associated with hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism in mothers, and macrosomia and thyroid dysfunction in newborns.
The relationship between urinary iodine concentration and papillary thyroid cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Excessive iodine intake (UIC≥300ug/L) was positively associated with PTC occurrence, while adequate iodine intake (100≤UIC<200ug/L) may be protective. No significant relationship was found between UIC and BRAF mutation or lymph node metastasis in PTC patients.
The prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing iodine nutrition in pregnancy across Africa before and after national iodine fortification programs. Data showed severe iodine deficiency in pregnancy before 1995, with improvements by 2005, but many countries still had inadequate iodine nutrition in pregnancy by 2020.
Correlation Between Drinking Water and Iodine Status: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the correlation between iodine concentration in drinking water and iodine status of the population. The study found a strong correlation (0.92) between iodine concentration in drinking water and urinary iodine concentration, suggesting that iodine content in water influences iodine status.
Iodine from brown algae in human nutrition, with an emphasis on bioaccessibility, bioavailability, chemistry, and effects of processing: A systematic review.
Systematic review of iodine in brown algae, focusing on bioaccessibility, bioavailability, chemistry, and effects of processing. The review found high in vivo bioavailability of iodine from brown algae, ranging from 31% to 90%, while in vitro bioavailability was lower. Processing can reduce iodine content, but levels may remain high, impacting food safety evaluations.
Prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnancy worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the prevalence of insufficient iodine intake in pregnant women worldwide. Found that 53% of pregnant women have insufficient iodine intake, with higher prevalence in countries with insufficient iodine status.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of iodine deficiency and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the prevalence of iodine deficiency among pregnant women in Ethiopia. The pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency was found to be 68.76%, with iodized salt use significantly reducing the risk. The study highlights the need to strengthen iodization programs.
Effects of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on pregnant women and their offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis of trials over the past 3 decades.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of trials on iodine supplementation during pregnancy, assessing effects on infant growth and neurocognitive development. Iodine supplementation improved iodine status but showed no significant impact on growth or neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants.
Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on neurocognitive development on offspring in iodine deficiency areas: a systematic review.
Systematic review investigating the effect of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on neurocognitive development in children from iodine-deficient areas. While no significant improvement was found in mental and behavioral development indices, psychomotor development showed improvement in children with poorer gross motor skills.
Insufficient maternal iodine intake is associated with subfecundity, reduced foetal growth, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study
The study examined the association between iodine intake and reproductive outcomes in a mild-to-moderately iodine-deficient population using data from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Low iodine intake was linked to increased risk of preeclampsia, preterm delivery, reduced fetal growth, and subfecundity. Long-term iodine supplement use was associated with increased fetal growth and reduced risk of preeclampsia.
Iodine Supplementation in Mildly Iodine-Deficient Pregnant Women Does Not Improve Maternal Thyroid Function or Child Development: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial assessing iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women in Thailand. The study found small negative effects on maternal thyroxine concentrations but no significant impact on child development at ages 2 and 5.7 years.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Universal and Targeted Iodine Supplementation in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT comparing universal and targeted iodine supplementation strategies in 208 low-risk Thai pregnant women. Both strategies were effective in preventing iodine deficiency, but targeted supplementation was better at avoiding over-supplementation.
Thyroglobulin Concentration and Maternal Iodine Status During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed whether thyroglobulin concentration accurately reflects iodine status among pregnant women. The analysis found that thyroglobulin concentration can be a sensitive indicator of iodine deficiency, particularly in populations of pregnant women with median urinary iodine concentration <100 μg/L. However, no significant differences were observed in thyroglobulin concentration between iodine-deficient and iodine-sufficient groups in each trimester of pregnancy.
Do maternal urinary iodine concentration or thyroid hormones within the normal range during pregnancy affect growth parameters at birth? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between maternal urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and growth parameters at birth. The analysis found no significant association between maternal UIC during pregnancy and birth anthropometric measures. However, high-normal values of maternal thyroid hormones were inversely associated with neonatal birth weight.
Prevalence of Iodine-Induced Hyperthyroidism After Administration of Iodinated Contrast During Radiographic Procedures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the incidence of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH) after exposure to iodinated contrast media (ICM) during radiographic procedures. The overall estimated prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism after ICM exposure was extremely low, with no cases at 7 days and very low incidence at 30 days.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of iodine supplementation on thyroid function and child neurodevelopment in mildly-to-moderately iodine-deficient pregnant women.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 studies on iodine supplementation in mildly-to-moderately iodine-deficient pregnant women. Most studies showed no effect on maternal or infant thyroid function, and meta-analyses found no effect on child cognitive, language, or motor scores. Insufficient evidence to support current recommendations for iodine supplementation in these populations.
Maternal Urinary Iodine Concentration and Pregnancy Outcomes in Euthyroid Pregnant Women: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between maternal iodine status in euthyroid pregnant women and adverse pregnancy outcomes. It included 6 studies with 7698 participants and found no significant association between urinary iodine concentration and pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
Iodine fortification of foods and condiments, other than salt, for preventing iodine deficiency disorders.
Meta-analysis of 11 studies with 4317 participants assessing iodine fortification of foods and condiments other than salt. The intervention likely increases urinary iodine concentration, but effects on goitre, physical development, and adverse effects are uncertain.
Iodine supplementation for the prevention of mortality and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants.
Meta-analysis of two randomised controlled trials assessing iodine supplementation in preterm infants. The trials enrolled 1394 infants and found no effect of iodine supplementation on mortality before hospital discharge or on neurodevelopmental assessments at two years post-term. The evidence for the effects on mortality and neurodevelopment outcomes was assessed as high-certainty.
Iodine supplementation for women during the preconception, pregnancy and postpartum period.
Meta-analysis of 11 trials involving over 2700 women assessing iodine supplementation during preconception, pregnancy, and postpartum periods. Iodine supplementation decreased the likelihood of postpartum hyperthyroidism but increased the likelihood of digestive intolerance in pregnancy. No clear effects on other maternal or child outcomes were found, with evidence considered low or very low quality.
Supplementation during pregnancy with small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements or multiple micronutrients, compared with iron and folic acid, increases women's urinary iodine concentration in semiurban Ghana: A randomized controlled trial.
RCT in semiurban Ghana assessing the effect of prenatal supplementation with MMN or LNS containing iodine on women's urinary iodine concentration during pregnancy. Both MMN and LNS groups had higher urinary iodine concentrations at 36 weeks compared to the IFA group, indicating improved iodine status.
Iodine nutritional status in Brazil: a meta-analysis of all studies performed in the country pinpoints to an insufficient evaluation and heterogeneity.
Meta-analysis of iodine nutritional status in Brazil, analyzing studies from 1997 to 2013. The study found a 15.3% prevalence of iodine deficiency disorder in school children in the Southeast region, with significant heterogeneity and bias in the data. The study highlights the need for a national program to assess iodine status across all regions.
Iodine deficiency and its association with periodontitis: A randomized controlled triple-blinded clinical study.
RCT examining the association between iodine levels and periodontal health in 73 participants, including 33 healthy controls and 40 patients with stage III periodontitis. Lower iodine levels were associated with a higher likelihood of periodontitis, suggesting urinary iodine levels could be a valuable biomarker for periodontal health.
Association of Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency With Thyroid Function-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency and thyroid hormone function across various population groups. Most studies found no clear association between iodine status and thyroid function, with meta-analyses in pregnant women showing no significant differences in TSH, fT4, or fT3 levels.
The relationship between different iodine sources and nutrition in pregnant women and adults.
The study investigated iodine sources and nutrition in 2,145 pregnant women and 1,660 adults in China. It found that iodine supplementation with iodized salt was common, but pregnant women had lower dietary iodine intake compared to adults. ISFP (iodized salt + iodine-rich food + iodine preparations) was effective in reducing iodine deficiency risk for pregnant women.
Does maternal iodine supplementation during the lactation have a positive impact on neurodevelopment of children? Three-year follow up of a randomized controlled trial.
This study examined the neurodevelopmental outcomes in children whose mothers received different doses of iodine supplements during lactation. The study found that maternal iodine supplementation with 150 µg/day during lactation may have a beneficial effect on child cognitive development, but no significant effects on language or motor development were observed. No significant differences were found between the 300 µg/day iodine group and the other groups.
Consequences of Iodine Deficiency and Excess in Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Prospective cohort study of 214 pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro examining the effects of maternal iodine status on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Higher iodine levels (UIC ≥250 μg/L) were associated with increased risk of gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders, while lower iodine levels (UIC <150 μg/L) were linked to reduced birth length in newborns.
Alveolar iodine tampon packing after impacted third molar surgery improves oral health-related quality of life and postoperative sequela: a randomized study.
RCT evaluating the effect of an iodine-containing tampon on postoperative discomfort after mandibular third molar surgery. The iodine tampon group reported significantly lower OHIP-14 and PI-NRS scores, indicating reduced pain and improved oral health-related quality of life compared to the control group.
Maternal Iodine Insufficiency and Excess Are Associated with Adverse Effects on Fetal Growth: A Prospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China.
Prospective cohort study of 2087 singleton-pregnant women in Wuhan, China, assessing maternal iodine status during early pregnancy and its relation to fetal growth. Maternal iodine insufficiency and excess were both found to adversely affect fetal growth, with significant interactions between iodine status and maternal age and parity.
Breast-Milk Iodine Concentrations and Iodine Levels of Infants According to the Iodine Status of the Country of Residence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated breast-milk iodine concentrations and infant iodine status in iodine-sufficient and -deficient countries. It found significant differences in iodine concentrations in maternal colostrum and urinary iodine levels of infants between the two groups, supporting the recommendation that iodine supplementation is not needed in iodine-sufficient countries.
Iodine in Human Milk: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review examining breast-milk iodine concentrations and their impact on infant iodine status. Findings indicate that breast-milk iodine concentrations are highest in colostrum and decrease over lactation. Supplementation with iodine during lactation increases breast-milk iodine concentrations, supporting infant iodine equilibrium and preventing deficiency.
A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of the relationship between thyroid disease and different levels of iodine intake in mainland China.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the prevalence of thyroid disease with different urinary iodine concentrations in mainland China. The study found that thyroid nodules have a lower prevalence in the high-iodine group, while subclinical hypothyroidism is more prevalent in this group. The prevalence of most thyroid diseases is lowest for a UIC ranging from 100 to 299 μg/L.
Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) could be a promising biomarker for predicting goiter among school-age children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating urinary iodine concentration (UIC) as a biomarker for predicting goiter among school-age children. The analysis found that lower UIC values were associated with an increased risk of goiter, indicating that both iodine deficiency and excessive iodine intake may increase goiter risk.
Relationship between iodine levels and papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the relationship between iodine exposure and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) prevalence. The analysis found a higher exposure to iodine in patients with PTC compared to controls, particularly in high iodinated regions.
Effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid diseases in different populations: A systematic review and meta-analyses including observational studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 50 studies examining the effect of excess iodine intake on thyroid diseases, particularly hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. The meta-analysis found increased odds of hypothyroidism in populations with excess iodine intake, primarily from iodized salt or water.
Correlation between Iodine Supplement in Pregnancy and Neonatal TSH Level.
Prospective RCT of 266 pregnant women comparing iodine supplementation to no supplementation. The study found a statistically significant difference in median neonatal TSH levels between the iodine and no-iodine groups, though no clinical differences or cases of hypothyroidism were observed.
Prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules before and after implementation of the universal salt iodization program in mainland China from 1985 to 2014: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis estimating the prevalence of goiter and thyroid nodules before and after the Universal Salt Iodization program in mainland China. The prevalence of goiter was reduced by almost half after 1996, indicating the program's benefit, but increased prevalence after 2002 suggests a risk of excessive iodine intake.
Therapy of endocrine disease: Impact of iodine supplementation in mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of iodine supplementation in populations with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine supplementation improved maternal thyroid indices and showed modest benefits on cognitive function in school-age children. Further large prospective controlled studies are needed to clarify these findings.
Dual fortification of salt with iodine and microencapsulated iron: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Moroccan schoolchildren.
A randomized, double-blind, controlled trial in Moroccan schoolchildren tested dual-fortified salt (DFS) with iodine and microencapsulated iron. The DFS improved urinary iodine concentrations, thyroid volumes, and hemoglobin levels, reducing iron deficiency anemia prevalence from 35% to 8% over 40 weeks.
Iodised salt for preventing iodine deficiency disorders.
Systematic review assessing the effects of iodised salt compared to other iodine supplementation forms or placebo in preventing iodine deficiency disorders. The review included six prospective controlled trials, showing a tendency towards goitre reduction and improved iodine status with iodised salt, though not significant in all studies. No adverse effects were observed.
Nomogram Model Based on Iodine Nutrition and Clinical Characteristics of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma to Predict Lateral Lymph Node Metastasis.
Retrospective study developing a nomogram model based on iodine nutrition and clinical characteristics to predict lateral lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. The model, which includes factors like SIC and UIC, showed good calibration and clinical benefit.
Prevalence of iodine deficiency among vegan compared to vegetarian and omnivore children in the Czech Republic: cross-sectional study
Cross-sectional study comparing iodine status and thyroid function among vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore children in the Czech Republic. The study found no significant differences in thyroid hormone levels between groups, but higher thyroxine levels in vegans and a higher prevalence of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies in vegan and vegetarian groups. Iodine deficiency was more common in vegan and vegetarian children, suggesting a higher risk of iodine deficiency in these groups.
Iodine Nutrition and Iodine Supplement Initiation in Association with Thyroid Function in Mildly-to-Moderately Iodine-Deficient Pregnant and Postpartum Women
Cohort study of 137 pregnant women examining the association between iodine nutrition, supplement initiation, and thyroid function. Iodine intake was associated with lower TSH and higher fT3 and fT4 concentrations, suggesting improved thyroid function. Findings support starting iodine supplementation before pregnancy.
Isolated Hypothyroxinemia in Iranian Pregnant Women, the Role of Iodine Deficiency: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study
Population-based cross-sectional study of 1080 pregnant women in Iran examining thyroid disorders and the role of iodine deficiency. Isolated hypothyroxinemia was the most common disorder, with various associated risk factors identified. No significant correlation was found between urinary iodine concentration and thyroid function tests, except in a subgroup with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Iodine supplementation of lactating women and assessment of infant visual information processing and maternal and infant thyroid function: A randomized trial.
A randomized trial evaluated the effects of iodine supplementation in lactating women on maternal and infant thyroid function and infant visual information processing. The study involved 106 mother-infant dyads, with mothers receiving either a potassium iodide capsule or iodized salt. Iodine supplementation reduced maternal TSH and goiter prevalence, and higher breast milk iodine concentration and other factors predicted better infant visual information processing.
The Effects of Iodine Supplementation in Pregnancy on Iodine Status, Thyroglobulin Levels and Thyroid Function Parameters: Results from a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial in a Mild-to-Moderate Iodine Deficiency Area.
RCT of 90 pregnant women in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency area, comparing iodine supplementation (225 ug/day potassium iodide) to placebo. Iodine supplementation increased urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio and reduced thyroglobulin levels, with no harmful effects on thyroid function or pregnancy outcomes.
Iodine deficiency in pregnant women after the adoption of the new provincial standard for salt iodization in Zhejiang Province, China
Cross-sectional study of 1304 pregnant women in Zhejiang Province, China, assessing iodine status after a change in salt iodization standards. The study found deficient iodine levels in pregnant women, particularly in coastal counties, indicating a need for improved iodine intake during pregnancy.
Preconception Maternal Iodine Status Is Positively Associated with IQ but Not with Measures of Executive Function in Childhood
This cohort study examined the relationship between maternal preconception iodine status and offspring cognitive function in 654 mother-child dyads. It found a positive association between preconception iodine status and child IQ, but no association with executive function outcomes.
The Effects of Iodine Fortified Milk on the Iodine Status of Lactating Mothers and Infants in an Area with a Successful Salt Iodization Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of iodine fortified milk on the iodine status of lactating mothers and their infants. The study included 84 lactating mother-infant pairs. Mothers receiving iodine fortified milk had higher urinary and breast milk iodine concentrations compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference in urinary iodine levels in infants between the two groups.
The effect of iodine supplementation in pregnancy on early childhood neurodevelopment and clinical outcomes: results of an aborted randomised placebo-controlled trial
This aborted randomized placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of iodine supplementation during pregnancy on childhood neurodevelopment. The study found no differences in neurodevelopmental scores between the iodine and placebo groups at 18 months. Secondary outcomes, including pregnancy outcomes and maternal thyroid function, also showed no differences.
Infant neurocognitive development is independent of the use of iodised salt or iodine supplements given during pregnancy.
RCT of 131 pregnant Spanish women assigned to iodised salt or iodine supplements to assess effects on maternal thyroid function and infant neurocognitive development. No significant differences were found in thyroid function or children's neurological development between groups, though prior iodised salt use was linked to better maternal thyroid function.
Stability of iodine in salt fortified with iodine and iron.
The study tested a new method to estimate iodine content in double-fortified salt (DFS) with iodine and iron using orthophosphoric acid. The iodine content in DFS and iodized salt remained stable over 15 months under various storage conditions, showing excellent iodine stability.
The effect of iodine supplementation on the reproductive rates of goats and sheep.
Three trials with 140 does and 185 ewes were conducted to assess the effect of potassium iodide supplementation on reproductive rates. Iodide-treated animals showed higher kidding/lambing rates, particularly due to increased twin sets in goats. Goitre incidences in offspring were significantly reduced, but average birth weight was depressed in the first and second trials.
Increasing Seaweed Consumption in the Netherlands and Portugal and the Consequences for the Intake of Iodine, Sodium, and Exposure to Chemical Contaminants: A Risk-Benefit Study
This study evaluated the impact of substituting regular foods with seaweed foods in the diet in the Netherlands and Portugal, focusing on nutritional quality (iodine and sodium) and food safety (arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury). The study found that increased seaweed consumption had no significant impact on sodium intake or exposure to cadmium, lead, and mercury, but it almost doubled iodine intake and increased arsenic exposure.
Estimating the Health and Economic Benefits of Universal Salt Iodization Programs to Correct Iodine Deficiency Disorders
The paper estimates the health and economic benefits of universal salt iodization (USI) programs in reducing iodine deficiency disorders (IDDs) globally. It reports a significant reduction in clinical IDDs from 13.1% to 3.2% between 1993 and 2019, preventing 720 million cases and suggesting a potential global economic benefit of nearly $33 billion.
Iodine bioavailability from cow milk: a randomized, crossover balance study in healthy iodine-replete adults.
This randomized, crossover balance study in 12 iodine-replete adults compared iodine bioavailability from cow milk with high native iodine, milk with added potassium iodide, and an aqueous potassium iodide solution. The study found high iodine bioavailability from milk, with no significant differences in urinary iodine excretion among the three conditions.
Suboptimal Iodine Status and Low Iodine Knowledge in Young Norwegian Women
Observational study assessing urinary iodine concentration, iodine intake from food and supplements, and iodine knowledge in 403 non-pregnant young women in Norway. The study found mild to moderate iodine deficiency and low iodine knowledge among participants, highlighting the need for public health strategies to improve iodine status.
Molecular iodine/doxorubicin neoadjuvant treatment impair invasive capacity and attenuate side effect in canine mammary cancer
This randomized, double-blind study analyzed the impact of molecular iodine (I2) in combination with two administration schemes of Doxorubicin in 27 canine patients with mammary cancer. I2 supplementation enhanced the antineoplastic effect, decreased tumor epithelial fraction, and improved disease-free survival. The mDOX+I2 scheme improved therapeutic outcomes, diminished invasive capacity, and attenuated adverse events.
Apparent insufficiency of iodine supplementation in pregnancy.
Cross-sectional study assessing iodine levels in pregnant women in New York City. Women receiving iodine supplementation had higher median urine iodine levels compared to those not supplemented, but more than 20% of supplemented women were still at risk for iodine deficiency according to WHO guidelines.
Iodine status in late pregnancy and psychosocial determinants of iodized salt use in rural northern Viet Nam.
This study assessed iodine status among 413 pregnant women in rural northern Viet Nam and explored psychosocial predictors of iodized salt use. The median urinary iodine concentration was 70 µg/l, with 83% of women below the recommended level. Iodized salt use was lower among certain demographics, indicating a risk of iodine deficiency disorders.
[Investigation of the drug "Mamoclam" for the treatment of patients with fibroadenomatosis of the breast].
Clinical trial of the drug 'mamoclam', containing omega-3 fatty acids, iodine, and chlorophyll derivatives from laminaria, in 33 patients with benign breast disease. The study reported a positive therapeutic response in 94% of patients, with reduced symptoms of mastopathy, dysmenorrhea, and breast cyst regression.
Randomized clinical trial comparing different iodine interventions in school children.
RCT comparing three iodine interventions in school children aged 8-10 years. Group A received iodized salt with 25 ppm iodine, group B purchased iodized salt from the market, and group C received iodized oil capsules. The prevalence of abnormal thyroid volumes declined significantly in groups A and C, with median urinary iodine levels increasing in all groups.
Effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis residing in an area of mild iodine deficiency.
RCT evaluating the effect of small doses of iodine on thyroid function in 83 euthyroid patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in an iodine-deficient area. Iodine supplementation led to subclinical hypothyroidism in some patients, with some reverting to euthyroid status after stopping iodine. No significant changes were observed in most patients.
Efficacy and safety of iodine in the postpartum period in an area of mild iodine deficiency.
RCT evaluating the effect of iodine supplementation (50 microg and 250 microg) on postpartum thyroiditis and thyroid volume in 70 women in an area of mild iodine deficiency. Iodine supplementation reduced thyroid volume but did not significantly affect postpartum thyroiditis prevalence. Thyroid dysfunction was mild and transient.
Earliest prevention of endemic goiter by iodine supplementation during pregnancy.
RCT investigating iodine supplementation during pregnancy in an area of moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine supplementation resulted in increased urinary iodine excretion and significantly lower neonatal thyroid volumes without increasing the frequency of thyroid autoantibodies.
Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
The study evaluated the impact of median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) below 150 μg/L on thyroid function in pregnant Chinese women and their newborns. Despite MUIC being lower than the WHO benchmark, most subjects maintained normal thyroid function throughout pregnancy, and all newborns showed normal thyroid function.
Iodine deficiency in Papua New Guinea (sub-clinical iodine deficiency and salt iodization in the highlands of Papua New Guinea).
The study assessed iodine nutrition in children in the Hella Region, Southern Highland Province, Papua New Guinea. It found moderate iodine deficiency based on urinary iodine concentrations, indicating a public health issue despite high iodine content in household and retail salt.
Interruption of experimental rhinovirus transmission.
RCT testing aqueous iodine (2%) applied to fingers to block rhinovirus transmission. None of eight volunteers became infected immediately after iodine treatment, while all seven placebo-treated subjects became infected. Virus recovery was lower in iodine-treated hand rinses compared to placebo.
Iodine Deficiency and Iodine Prophylaxis: An Overview and Update
The paper provides an overview of iodine deficiency and the importance of iodine prophylaxis. It discusses the role of iodine in thyroid hormone synthesis and the need for supplementation to prevent iodine deficiency disorders, especially in endemic areas. Iodized salt is highlighted as a key strategy for iodine prophylaxis, though subclinical iodine deficiency persists in certain populations.
Implications and Practical Applications of the Chemical Speciation of Iodine in the Biological Context
The paper discusses the chemical speciation of iodine and its biological activities, highlighting its role in metabolism, immune system, and antioxidant defense. It also explores the therapeutic potential of iodine species in oxidative stress, cancer, and inflammation, and their applications in health science, including supplements and nuclear medicine.
GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020
The paper reviews global iodine status and iodized salt programs in 2020, highlighting that 88% of the global population uses iodized salt. It notes that the number of countries with adequate iodine intake has nearly doubled since 2003, though 21 countries remain deficient. The review emphasizes the importance of continued support for iodine programs to sustain global achievements and address equity issues within countries.
Consequences of Severe Iodine Deficiency in Pregnancy: Evidence in Humans
Narrative review discussing the impact of severe iodine deficiency on maternofetal, neonatal, and offspring outcomes. It highlights the association with adverse effects such as pregnancy loss, infant mortality, neonatal hypothyroidism, cretinism, and neuropsychomotor retardation.
Patients with severe bowel malabsorption do not have changes in iodine status.
The study evaluated the influence of intestinal malabsorption on iodine status in patients with short gut syndrome receiving total parenteral nutrition compared to controls. Iodine intake and urinary excretion were measured, showing no significant differences in iodine status across groups.
Multinodular Goiter
The paper discusses multinodular goiter (MNG), a common thyroid disorder, particularly in iodine-deficient areas. It describes the progression from diffuse thyroid enlargement to nodular goiter and highlights the correlation between MNG and iodine deficiency. Management options include drugs, surgery, and radioiodine.
Iodine Deficiency and Supplementation in Pregnancy
The paper discusses iodine deficiency and supplementation during pregnancy, highlighting its impact on neurodevelopmental impairments and obstetric outcomes. It reviews iodine metabolism, requirements during pregnancy and lactation, and the effects of both deficiency and excessive intake.
Iodine in excess in the alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pattern as well as histomorphometric changes in associated organs
Animal study exploring the effects of excess iodine exposure on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and histoarchitecture of organs in rats. Excess iodine led to hypothyroidism, increased blood glucose and cholesterol levels, and histological damage to the pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney.
Assessment of Japanese iodine intake based on seaweed consumption in Japan: A literature-based analysis
The paper analyzes Japanese iodine intake from edible seaweeds, highlighting the variability in iodine content due to different seaweed species and preparation methods. It estimates that Japanese iodine intake averages 1,000-3,000 μg/day, emphasizing the challenges in accurately predicting intake levels.
Iodine deficiency.
Narrative review discussing the global prevalence and effects of iodine deficiency, particularly in South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of Europe. It highlights the importance of iodine supplementation during pregnancy and the role of universal salt iodization in preventing iodine deficiency disorders.