Research
Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C)
20 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Treatment Interventions for Usual-Type Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating treatments for usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN). Imiquimod 5% showed significant lesion resolution compared to placebo, and sinecatechins 10% showed lesion improvement. Indole-3-carbinol and Omiganan were ineffective.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial to evaluate the effect of EstroSenseon 2-hydroxyestrone:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio in premenopausal women.
RCT of 148 premenopausal women evaluating the effect of EstroSense, containing indole-3-carbinol and green-tea catechins, on urinary 2-hydroxyestrone:16α-hydroxyestrone ratio. EstroSense use led to a significantly higher ratio, associated with a lower risk of breast cancer.
Medical interventions for high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia.
This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of non-surgical interventions for high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). It included five trials with 297 women, assessing topical imiquimod, cidofovir, and indole-3-carbinol. Imiquimod showed a significant response compared to placebo, while cidofovir was comparable to imiquimod. Indole-3-carbinol data was limited. Longer-term data is needed to confirm sustained treatment effects.
Medical interventions for high grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia.
Meta-analysis of four RCTs evaluating medical interventions for high grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Three trials assessed topical imiquimod versus placebo, showing higher response rates with imiquimod. One trial examined low versus high dose indole-3-carbinol. Imiquimod was effective but associated with more adverse events.
Harnessing the Power of Cruciferous Vegetables: Developing a Biomarker for Brassica Vegetable Consumption Using Urinary 3,3'-Diindolylmethane.
Clinical trial examining the relationship between glucobrassicin exposure from Brassica vegetables and urinary 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) levels in 45 subjects. Urinary DIM excretion increased with glucobrassicin dose and plateaued between 200 and 300 μmol, indicating DIM as a reliable biomarker of glucobrassicin exposure and I3C uptake.
Urinary 3,3'-diindolylmethane: a biomarker of glucobrassicin exposure and indole-3-carbinol uptake in humans.
Randomized crossover trial with 25 subjects to test urinary 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) as a marker of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) uptake from Brassica vegetables. Urinary DIM was significantly higher after consuming Brussels sprouts compared to cabbage, indicating successful quantification of I3C uptake.
Brassica vegetable consumption reduces urinary F2-isoprostane levels independent of micronutrient intake.
This randomized crossover trial compared the effects of Brassica Vegetable intervention against Micronutrient and Fiber Supplementation on urinary F2-isoprostane levels, a biomarker of oxidative stress, in 20 participants. Brassica consumption significantly reduced F2-isoprostane levels by about 22% compared to baseline and the M+F intervention, suggesting reduced systemic oxidative stress independent of vitamin and mineral content.
Single-dose and multiple-dose administration of indole-3-carbinol to women: pharmacokinetics based on 3,3'-diindolylmethane.
Phase I trial in women studying the pharmacokinetics of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its condensation product 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM). Women received oral doses of I3C, and plasma samples were analyzed. DIM was the only detectable product, with Cmax increasing with dose up to 1,000 mg. Significant interindividual variation was observed in plasma DIM values.
A randomized phase II trial of indole-3-carbinol in the treatment of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.
A randomized phase II trial assessed the therapeutic benefits of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in women with high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN). Significant improvements were observed in symptomatology and vulvoscopic appearance, although no histologic improvement in VIN grade was noted. The study suggests clinical improvement with I3C therapy.
A phase I study of indole-3-carbinol in women: tolerability and effects.
Phase I trial of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in 17 women from a high-risk breast cancer cohort. Subjects ingested 400 mg I3C daily for 4 weeks followed by 800 mg daily for another 4 weeks. I3C was well tolerated, increased CYP1A2 activity, and altered hormone metabolite ratios, suggesting potential chemopreventive effects.
Placebo-controlled trial of indole-3-carbinol in the treatment of CIN.
RCT of 30 patients with CIN II-III comparing placebo to 200 mg/day and 400 mg/day indole-3-carbinol (I-3-C) for 12 weeks. The I-3-C groups showed significant regression of CIN compared to placebo, with a dose-dependent change in the 2/16 alpha-hydroxyestrone ratio.
Role of estradiol metabolism and CYP1A1 polymorphisms in breast cancer risk.
The study investigates the role of estradiol metabolism and CYP1A1 polymorphisms in breast cancer risk. African-American women with the wild-type CYP1A1 gene showed a significant increase in the 2-OHE1/16-OHE1 ratio after treatment with indole-3-carbinol. The CYP1A1 Msp1 polymorphism was associated with increased breast cancer risk in African-American women.
Dose-ranging study of indole-3-carbinol for breast cancer prevention.
RCT involving 60 women at increased risk for breast cancer, testing indole-3-carbinol (I3C) for chemoprevention. The study found that a 300 mg daily dose of I3C significantly altered the urinary estrogen metabolite ratio, suggesting it as a promising chemopreventive agent for breast cancer.
Long-term responses of women to indole-3-carbinol or a high fiber diet.
RCT with 60 women testing the effect of 400 mg/day indole-3-carbinol (I3C) or 20 g/day alpha-cellulose on estrogen metabolite ratio over 3 months. I3C increased the 2-OH-estrone:estriol ratio, sustained over the period, while no changes were observed in the control and fiber groups.
Indole-3 Carbinol and Diindolylmethane Mitigated β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity and Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Activity: In Silico, In Vitro, and Network Pharmacology Study
The study investigated the anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of indole-3 carbinol (I3C) and diindolylmethane (DIM) using in silico, in vitro, and network pharmacology methods. I3C and DIM inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and beta-amyloid aggregation, enhanced cell viability, and reduced ROS in SH-S5Y5 cells exposed to beta-amyloid, showing neuroprotective effects comparable to donepezil.
In vitro and in vivo inhibition of human flavin-containing monooxygenase form 3 (FMO3) in the presence of dietary indoles.
The study investigated the effect of Brussels sprouts consumption on flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in 10 healthy male volunteers. The sprouts group showed a significant increase in trimethylamine to trimethylamine N-oxide ratios, indicating decreased enzyme activity. In vitro studies suggested that indole-3-carbinol derivatives from Brussels sprouts are potent inhibitors of the enzyme.
Preliminary results of the use of indole-3-carbinol for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis.
Phase I trial of indole-3-carbinol for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in 18 patients. 33% had cessation of papilloma growth, 33% had reduced growth rate, and 33% showed no response. Indole-3-carbinol was safe and well tolerated, with changes in estradiol hydroxylation ratios correlating with clinical response.
Increased estrogen 2-hydroxylation in obese women using oral indole-3-carbinol.
Clinical intervention study with 5 obese premenopausal women ingesting 400 mg of indole-3-carbinol for two months. The study found a significant increase in the ratio of urinary estrogens, indicating increased estrogen 2-hydroxylation, which may help reduce estrogen-dependent cancer risk.
Indole-3-carbinol for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: long-term results.
Prospective, open-label study of Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) treatment. Thirty-three patients were followed long-term, with 33% experiencing remission and 30% having reduced papillomatous growth. No worsening of RRP or side effects were reported. I3C shows promise as a treatment option for RRP.
Indole-3-carbinol in women with SLE: effect on estrogen metabolism and disease activity.
Open-label metabolic study of 375 mg/day indole-3-carbinol (I3C) in women with SLE, followed by a 3-month observational period. The study found an increase in the 2:16alpha hydroxyestrone ratio, suggesting a shift towards less estrogenic metabolites. No significant effects on SLE disease activity were observed during the 3-month period.