Research

Glucosamine HCl

19 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

0
Meta-analyses
1
Systematic reviews
16
RCTs
2
Other studies
Systematic reviews (5%)
RCTs (84%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2025·Journal of drug targeting·Jun Ruan, Xuanying Li

Effectiveness of glucosamine hydrochloride and eperisone with exercise therapy on inflammatory factors and knee joint function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

RCTn = 60Inflammation Joint Bone Health

RCT of 60 KOA patients comparing glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) plus exercise therapy to GAH combined with eperisone and exercise therapy. Group B showed greater reductions in inflammatory markers and symptoms, and improved knee joint function compared to Group A.

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2021·Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences·Jin Zhang, Ruiyi Ge, Ziquan Yang

Effect of celecoxib combined with glucosamine hydrochloride in promoting the functional recovery and decreasing the inflammatory factor levels in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

RCTn = 128Joint Bone Health Inflammation

RCT comparing celecoxib alone to celecoxib combined with glucosamine hydrochloride in 128 patients with knee osteoarthritis. The combination group showed better blood routine indexes, lower inflammatory factor levels, and improved Lequesne and VAS pain scores compared to the control group. The combination therapy was effective in treating knee osteoarthritis with fewer adverse reactions.

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2020·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Aman Khanna, Sivadasan Syam Das, Thozhuthum Parambil Smina, et al

Curcumagalactomannoside/Glucosamine Combination Improved Joint Health Among Osteoarthritic Subjects as Compared to Chondroitin Sulfate/Glucosamine: Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Study.

RCTn = 80Joint Bone Health

A double-blinded, randomized controlled study compared the effects of curcumagalactomannosides (CGM) with glucosamine hydrochloride (GLN) against chondroitin sulfate (CHN) with GLN in osteoarthritic subjects. The CGM-GLN combination showed significant improvements in pain, stiffness, and physical function, as well as a greater reduction in inflammatory serum markers compared to the CHN-GLN group over 84 days.

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2018·Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons·Wenbin Yang, Wei Liu, Cheng Miao, et al

Oral Glucosamine Hydrochloride Combined With Hyaluronate Sodium Intra-Articular Injection for Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 144Joint Bone Health

A double-blind randomized controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of oral glucosamine hydrochloride combined with hyaluronate sodium injection in 144 participants with TMJ osteoarthritis. The study found that while there was no significant short-term effect, the combination improved maximal interincisal mouth opening and reduced pain intensity in the long-term compared to hyaluronate sodium injection alone.

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2018·Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences·Yingzhi Li, Xiaoning Liu, Jinhua Han, et al

Clinical efficacy of glucosamine hydrochloride tablets in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.

RCTn = 130Joint Bone Health

RCT of 130 patients with cervical spondylosis comparing glucosamine hydrochloride tablets plus standard therapy to standard therapy alone. The glucosamine group showed improved treatment efficiency and patient satisfaction compared to the reference group, with no significant difference in adverse reactions.

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2016·European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine·Silvia Sterzi, Laura Giordani, Michelangelo Morrone, et al

The efficacy and safety of a combination of glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and bio-curcumin with exercise in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 53Joint Bone Health Inflammation -

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and safety of CartiJoint Forte, a supplement containing glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, and bio-curcumin, combined with physical therapy in treating knee osteoarthritis. The study found that the supplement improved pain and algofunctional scores, but did not significantly change knee ROM or inflammation markers.

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2015·Arthroscopy : the journal of arthroscopic & related surgery : official publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·Marco Antônio Percope de Andrade, Túlio Vinícius de Oliveira Campos, Guilherme Moreira de Abreu-E-Silva

Supplementary methods in the nonsurgical treatment of osteoarthritis.

Systematic reviewJoint Bone Health

Systematic review of nutraceuticals and viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis treatment. Glucosamine sulfate shows moderate pain management effects, diacerein provides pain relief, and avocado and soybean unsaponifiables may have positive effects on knee and hip OA. No evidence found for influencing OA's natural progression.

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2011·Zhongguo zhen jiu = Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion·Mu-Yong Fu, Zhi-Long Zhang

[Knee osteoarthritis treated with acupuncture at the points selected according to syndrome differentiation: a randomized controlled trial].

RCTn = 120Joint Bone Health

RCT comparing acupuncture to glucosamine hydrochloride in 120 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Both treatments improved WOMAC and SF-36 scores after 4 weeks, with no significant difference between groups. At 9 weeks follow-up, acupuncture showed superior long-term efficacy compared to glucosamine.

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2008·Zhongguo xiu fu chong jian wai ke za zhi = Zhongguo xiufu chongjian waike zazhi = Chinese journal of reparative and reconstructive surgery·Xiangbao Gang, Lixia Gao

[Therapeutic results of glucosamine hydrochloride for knee degenerative osteoarthritis].

RCTn = 60Joint Bone Health

RCT evaluating glucosamine hydrochloride in 60 patients with knee degenerative osteoarthritis. Treatment improved clinical symptoms, with a cure rate of 51.7% and a total response rate of 96.7%. Statistically significant improvements were observed in pain, tenderness, joint activity, morning stiffness, and walking ability.

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2007·Zhonghua wai ke za zhi [Chinese journal of surgery]·Wei-bin Zhang, Cheng-yu Zhuang, Jian-min Li, et al

[Efficacy and safety evaluation of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of osteoarthritis].

RCTn = 143Joint Bone Health

A multi-center RCT comparing glucosamine hydrochloride to glucosamine sulfate in 143 patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Glucosamine hydrochloride showed better symptomatic improvement in joint pain and stiffness after 6 weeks, with no severe adverse events reported.

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2005·Zhonghua yi xue za zhi·Gui-xing Qiu, Xi-sheng Weng, Ke Zhang, et al

[A multi-central, randomized, controlled clinical trial of glucosamine hydrochloride/sulfate in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis].

RCTn = 142Joint Bone Health

A multi-central, randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) and glucosamine sulfate (GS) in 142 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Both groups showed considerable improvement in OA symptoms and a reduction in Lequesne's score after 4 weeks, with no significant difference in efficacy or safety between the two forms of glucosamine.

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2012·Arzneimittel-Forschung·H Wu, M Liu, S Wang, et al

Comparative fasting bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of 2 formulations of glucosamine hydrochloride in healthy Chinese adult male volunteers.

RCTn = 18

This study assessed and compared the pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability of a new dispersible tablet formulation of glucosamine hydrochloride with an established branded capsule formulation in 18 healthy Chinese adult male volunteers. The study found that the test formulation had a relative bioavailability of 98.3% compared to the reference formulation, meeting the criteria for bioequivalence.

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2011·Hua xi kou qiang yi xue za zhi = Huaxi kouqiang yixue zazhi = West China journal of stomatology·Chunjie Li, Yuanyuan Jia, Qi Zhang, et al

[Glucosamine hydrochloride combined with hyaluronate for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: a primary report of randomized controlled trial].

RCTn = 28Joint Bone Health

RCT investigating the effectiveness and safety of oral glucosamine hydrochloride combined with intraarticular hyaluronate in patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. The intervention group showed significant improvements in maximal mouth opening and pain reduction compared to the control group, with no serious adverse events reported.

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2006·Equine veterinary journal. Supplement·R K Forsyth, C V Brigden, A J Northrop

Double blind investigation of the effects of oral supplementation of combined glucosamine hydrochloride (GHCL) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) on stride characteristics of veteran horses.

RCTn = 20Joint Bone Health

RCT of oral supplementation with glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulphate, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in 20 veteran horses. The treatment group showed significant improvements in stride characteristics, including increased range of joint motion and stride length, suggesting symptomatic relief from degenerative joint disease.

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2001·Cranio : the journal of craniomandibular practice·P Nguyen, S E Mohamed, D Gardiner, et al

A randomized double-blind clinical trial of the effect of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride on temporomandibular joint disorders: a pilot study.

RCTn = 45Joint Bone Health

RCT of 45 subjects with temporomandibular joint disorders comparing glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate to placebo over twelve weeks. The active group showed improvements in pain, TMJ tenderness, TMJ sounds, and reduced need for over-the-counter medications.

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1999·The Journal of rheumatology·J B Houpt, R McMillan, C Wein, et al

Effect of glucosamine hydrochloride in the treatment of pain of osteoarthritis of the knee.

RCTJoint Bone Health

RCT investigating the efficacy of glucosamine hydrochloride on pain and disability in knee osteoarthritis. No significant difference in pain reduction was found between glucosamine and placebo groups as measured by WOMAC, but secondary endpoints showed favorable trends for glucosamine.

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1999·American journal of veterinary research·S O Canapp, R M McLaughlin, J J Hoskinson, et al

Scintigraphic evaluation of dogs with acute synovitis after treatment with glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate.

RCTn = 32Joint Bone Health

RCT evaluating the effects of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate on chemically induced synovitis in dogs. Dogs pre-treated with GlAm-CS showed significantly less scintigraphic activity and lower lameness scores, suggesting a protective effect against synovitis and bone remodeling.

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2013·Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)·Jinah Park, So-Young Lee, A. Ooshima, et al

Glucosamine hydrochloride exerts a protective effect against unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by attenuating TGF-β signaling

In vitroInflammation

The study investigates the protective effect of glucosamine hydrochloride against renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. It finds that glucosamine hydrochloride attenuates TGF-β signaling by inhibiting N-linked glycosylation of the type II TGF-β receptor, reducing renal fibrosis in vivo and in vitro.

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2007·Journal of Biological Chemistry·B. Jang, S. Sung, Jong-Gu Park, et al

Glucosamine Hydrochloride Specifically Inhibits COX-2 by Preventing COX-2 N-Glycosylation and by Increasing COX-2 Protein Turnover in a Proteasome-dependent Manner*

In vitroInflammation

The study investigates the mechanism by which glucosamine hydrochloride (GS-HCl) inhibits COX-2 activity in human cell lines. GS-HCl prevents COX-2 N-glycosylation and increases COX-2 protein turnover in a proteasome-dependent manner, leading to reduced prostaglandin E2 production.

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