Research
Glucosamine
83 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Efficiency of Glucosamine in Treating Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analytic Umbrella Review.
This meta-analytic umbrella review assessed the efficacy of glucosamine in treating temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). The review found non-significant but discernible effects of glucosamine on maximum mouth opening and pain reduction in TMJ-related disorders, compared to control groups with ibuprofen and tramadol.
Glucosamine supplementation contributes to reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from Mendelian randomization combined with a meta-analysis.
The study used Mendelian randomization and meta-analysis to investigate the causal relationship between glucosamine supplementation and type 2 diabetes risk. Results showed a significant protective effect of glucosamine against type 2 diabetes, confirmed by multiple analyses with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy.
The Safety and Efficacy of Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin in Humans: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review evaluating the efficacy and safety of glucosamine and/or chondroitin supplementation in humans. Most studies focused on osteoarthritis and joint pain, with over 90% reporting positive outcomes and minimal adverse effects. Glucosamine and chondroitin were commonly administered together at daily doses of 1500 mg and 1200 mg, respectively.
Effectiveness and Safety of SYSADOAs Used in Eastern and Western Regions for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials-SYSADOAs Are Effective and Safe for Knee OA.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 RCTs evaluating the effectiveness and safety of SYSADOAs, including glucosamine, chondroitin, and SKCPT/SKI306X, for knee osteoarthritis. The treatment group showed significantly greater improvement in pain relief and functional improvements compared to placebo, with no significant safety differences.
Role of Glucosamine and Chondroitin in the Prevention of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis assessing the protective function of glucosamine and/or chondroitin intake against cancer risk. The analysis included 13 studies with 1,690,918 participants and found that glucosamine and/or chondroitin intake was associated with a lower risk of colorectal and lung cancers. The protective effect was not observed in the only chondroitin intake group and in the NSAIDs group.
Interventions to improve locomotive syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated interventions for improving locomotive syndrome, including oral glucosamine intake, electrical stimulation, and exercise. Although individual RCTs showed improvements, the meta-analysis of glucosamine did not yield statistically significant results.
Oral Glucosamine in the Treatment of Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review assessing the efficacy of oral glucosamine in the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). The review included eight studies and found that longer administration of glucosamine led to significant reductions in TMJ pain and increased mouth opening, but overall evidence for clinical effectiveness is insufficient.
Efficacy and safety of the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs evaluating the efficacy and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin combination for knee osteoarthritis. The combination showed a statistically significant advantage in WOMAC scores compared to placebo, with no significant differences in safety outcomes.
Relationship between glucosamine use and the risk of lung cancer: data from a nationwide prospective cohort study
Nationwide prospective cohort study using UK Biobank data to assess the relationship between glucosamine use and lung cancer risk. Regular glucosamine use was associated with a 16% lower risk of lung cancer and a 12% decreased risk of lung cancer mortality over an 11-year follow-up.
The Efficacy and Safety of Disease-Modifying Osteoarthritis Drugs for Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis-a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of 28 RCTs with 11,890 patients evaluating the efficacy and safety of DMOADs for knee and hip osteoarthritis. Glucosamine and chondroitin showed minimal improvements in joint structure and symptoms with favorable safety profiles. Strontium improved joint structure, and vitamin D improved symptoms. Doxycycline had a favorable efficacy ranking but poor safety profile.
PEER umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews: Management of osteoarthritis in primary care.
Umbrella systematic review of systematic reviews assessing non-surgical treatments for chronic osteoarthritis pain. Glucosamine and chondroitin were among the interventions that led to more patients attaining meaningful pain relief compared with control.
Subgroup analyses of the effectiveness of oral glucosamine for knee and hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis from the OA trial bank.
Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of 21 RCTs evaluating oral glucosamine for hip or knee osteoarthritis. Analysis of 1663 participants showed glucosamine was no better than placebo for pain or function at both short and long-term follow-ups, with no effect in predefined subgroups based on pain severity, BMI, sex, structural abnormalities, or inflammation.
Effectiveness and safety of Glucosamine, chondroitin, the two in combination, or celecoxib in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee
Meta-analysis of 54 studies with 16427 patients evaluating glucosamine, chondroitin, their combination, and celecoxib for knee osteoarthritis. Glucosamine plus chondroitin and celecoxib were more effective than placebo for pain relief and function improvement. Glucosamine plus chondroitin showed significant improvement in function and reduction in joint space narrowing.
Combined glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, once or three times daily, provides clinically relevant analgesia in knee osteoarthritis.
RCT comparing glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate capsules or sachets with glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate capsules in 1,120 knee osteoarthritis patients. All groups showed significant pain reduction and improvement in Lequesne's index, with no differences in efficacy among formulations.
Efficacies of different preparations of glucosamine for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 19 RCTs with 3159 patients evaluating glucosamine preparations for osteoarthritis treatment. Glucosamine sulphate may have function-modifying effects in knee OA when administered for more than 6 months, but no pain-reduction benefits were observed. Glucosamine hydrochloride was ineffective for pain reduction.
Effect of glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate on the osteoarthritis progression: a meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of six studies involving 1,502 cases assessing the effects of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate on joint space narrowing in knee osteoarthritis. Glucosamine sulfate showed a small to moderate protective effect on joint space narrowing after 3 years, while chondroitin sulfate showed a small but significant protective effect after 2 years.
Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis.
The GAIT trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate for knee pain from osteoarthritis in 1583 patients. Overall, these supplements were not significantly better than placebo in reducing knee pain by 20 percent. However, in patients with moderate-to-severe pain, the combination therapy showed a significantly higher response rate compared to placebo.
Nutrition supplementation combined with exercise versus exercise alone in treating knee osteoarthritis: a double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.
This double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effectiveness of nutrition supplementation (containing glucosamine sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, and rhizoma drynariae) plus exercise versus exercise alone in treating knee osteoarthritis. The study found that the supplementation plus exercise group showed superior improvements in WOMAC scores and physical performance compared to the exercise alone group, with significant benefits observed as early as 3 months.
Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Chitosan-Derived and Biofermentation-Derived Glucosamine in Nutritional Supplement for Bone Health.
This study compared the pharmacokinetics of chitosan-derived and biofermentation-derived glucosamine in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over design. Healthy men and women received a single dose of glucosamine sulfate 2KCl (1500 mg) from two different sources. The study found that both sources met bioequivalence criteria for AUC but not for Cmax due to high variability. Biofermentation-derived glucosamine is suggested as a sustainable source for supplements.
Liquid combination of hyaluronan, glucosamine, and chondroitin as a dietary supplement for knee osteoarthritis patients with moderate knee pain: A randomized controlled study.
RCT of a liquid supplement containing hyaluronan, glucosamine, and chondroitin in 80 knee osteoarthritis patients with moderate knee pain. The supplement did not significantly improve knee OA pain and symptoms compared to placebo after 8 weeks.
Differences in Serum Biomarkers Between Combined Glucosamine and Chondroitin Versus Celecoxib in a Randomized, Double-blind Trial in Osteoarthritis Patients.
RCT comparing glucosamine hydrochloride plus chondroitin sulfate (GH+CS) to celecoxib in knee osteoarthritis patients. GH+CS reduced circulating IL-6, an inflammatory cytokine, and showed comparable effects to celecoxib on other serum protein biomarkers.
Phonophoretic application of a glucosamine and chondroitin nanoemulsion for treatment of knee chondropathies.
This study assessed the effect of phonophoretic application of a glucosamine and chondroitin nanoemulsion (NANO-CG) with kinesiotherapy on knee chondropathy. Although no statistical significance was found between treated groups, some patients showed pain reduction and cartilage recovery, suggesting NANO-CG as a promising therapy candidate.
Osteoarthritis- a systematic review of long-term safety implications for osteoarthritis of the knee.
Systematic review of long-term safety of treatments for knee osteoarthritis, including glucosamine, IAHA, and PRP injections, which have low risk of harm and beneficial outcomes over ≥12 months. NSAIDs provide pain relief but increase risk of medical complications. Lifestyle interventions like weight loss and exercise are recommended due to low risk of harm.
Effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials evaluating glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on knee osteoarthritis symptoms. Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate significantly reduced pain in VAS, but their combination did not show additional benefits. No significant effect on the total WOMAC index.
Effects of glucosamine supplements on painful temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis: A systematic review.
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing glucosamine supplements on pain and maximum mouth opening in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Glucosamine was as effective as ibuprofen over 12 weeks but not superior to placebo over six weeks. Evidence is very low, and conclusions should be interpreted with caution.
Effects of glucosamine in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 RCTs on glucosamine for knee osteoarthritis. Found a marginally favorable effect on VAS pain scores, but a small and not significant effect on knee function as measured by WOMAC. JKOM meta-analysis indicated glucosamine is superior to placebo in alleviating knee OA symptoms.
Effectiveness and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin for the treatment of osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Meta-analysis of 30 trials assessing the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine and chondroitin for knee and/or hip osteoarthritis. Chondroitin alleviated pain and improved function, while glucosamine showed a significant effect on stiffness improvement. Combination therapy did not show superiority over placebo. No significant difference in adverse events compared to placebo.
Comparative effectiveness of glucosamine, chondroitin, acetaminophen or celecoxib for the treatment of knee and/or hip osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis.
Network meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of glucosamine, chondroitin, acetaminophen, and celecoxib for knee and/or hip osteoarthritis. Celecoxib was found to be the most effective for pain relief, followed by the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin. Glucosamine and celecoxib were significantly better than placebo for stiffness.
Efficacy and safety of glucosamine, diacerein, and NSAIDs in osteoarthritis knee: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of RCTs comparing glucosamine, diacerein, and placebo for knee osteoarthritis. Glucosamine showed significant improvement in WOMAC scores and Lequesne score compared to placebo, suggesting efficacy for symptom relief in knee OA.
Glucosamine and chondroitin for knee osteoarthritis: a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating single and combination regimens.
A double-blind randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial with 605 participants evaluated the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin on knee osteoarthritis over 2 years. The combination of glucosamine-chondroitin resulted in a statistically significant reduction in joint space narrowing compared to placebo, but no significant symptomatic benefit in knee pain was observed above placebo.
Effect of oral glucosamine on joint structure in individuals with chronic knee pain: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
RCT of 201 participants with chronic knee pain assessing the effect of 1,500 mg glucosamine hydrochloride on knee joint structure over 24 weeks. The study found no evidence of structural benefits from glucosamine supplementation, as measured by MRI morphologic features or urinary CTX-II excretion.
The effect of glucosamine and/or chondroitin sulfate on the progression of knee osteoarthritis: a report from the glucosamine/chondroitin arthritis intervention trial.
A 24-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate, alone or in combination, on joint space width loss in 572 patients with knee osteoarthritis. No statistically significant difference in joint space width loss was observed in any treatment group compared with placebo, although a trend toward improvement was noted in K/L grade 2 knees.
Treatment of primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the knee.
Systematic review of treatments for knee osteoarthritis, including intra-articular viscosupplementation, oral glucosamine/chondroitin, and arthroscopic procedures. The review found mixed evidence on the effectiveness of glucosamine/chondroitin, with the GAIT trial showing no significant difference compared to placebo. Viscosupplementation showed positive effects on pain and function, but clinical significance is uncertain.
Glucosamine long-term treatment and the progression of knee osteoarthritis: systematic review of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials assessing glucosamine sulfate in knee osteoarthritis. Glucosamine sulfate was more effective than placebo in delaying structural progression and improving symptoms, with a 54% reduction in disease progression risk and significant pain reduction and physical function improvement.
Structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin in knee osteoarthritis: a comprehensive meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis assessing the structural and symptomatic efficacy of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis. Glucosamine showed significant efficacy on joint space narrowing and WOMAC, while chondroitin was effective on Lequesne Index, pain, mobility, and response status. Both compounds had excellent safety profiles.
Glucosamine therapy for treating osteoarthritis.
Systematic review of 16 RCTs evaluating the effectiveness and safety of glucosamine in osteoarthritis. Glucosamine was found to be superior to placebo in most trials and comparable or superior to NSAIDs in others. Further research is needed to confirm long-term effectiveness and toxicity.
Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation in addition to resistance exercise training and manual therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A randomized controlled trial.
RCT evaluating the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate supplementation in combination with manual therapy and resistance exercise training in knee osteoarthritis patients. The supplementation showed no additional benefits over manual therapy and exercise alone, except for minor changes in segmental lean mass.
Does glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methylsulfonylmethane supplementation improve the outcome of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis management with arthrocentesis plus intraarticular hyaluronic acid injection. A randomized clinical trial.
A randomized clinical trial compared the effects of glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methylsulfonylmethane (GCM) supplementation with arthrocentesis plus intraarticular hyaluronic acid injection in TMJ-OA patients. The study found no additional clinical benefits or improvements from GCM supplementation compared to the control group receiving only the injection.
Variation in the pharmacokinetics of glucosamine in healthy individuals.
Crossover study comparing the steady-state pharmacokinetics of Rotta- and non-Rotta-manufactured glucosamine products in 14 healthy volunteers. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were found between the two brands, but substantial interindividual variability was observed.
Impact of Glucosamine Supplementation on Gut Health.
RCT examining the impact of glucosamine supplementation on gut health in 11 healthy adults. Glucosamine significantly reduced stomach bloating and showed trends towards reducing constipation and hard stools. It also induced changes in fecal microbiota and metabolome, but had no effect on fecal short-chain fatty acids levels.
A randomised pilot equivalence trial to evaluate diamagnetically enhanced transdermal delivery of key ground substance components in comparison to an established transdermal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory formulation in males with prior knee injury.
This randomized pilot equivalence trial evaluated the efficacy of a knee guard device using magnetophoresis to deliver glucosamine, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid in males with prior knee injury. The study found equivalence in KOOS-F scores but not in AFS scores compared to a topical NSAID gel. The knee guard device showed a greater reduction in pain but caused more skin irritation.
Milk-Fat Globule Membrane Plus Glucosamine Improves Joint Function and Physical Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study.
RCT investigating the effect of milk-fat globule membrane (MFGM) and glucosamine on joint function and physical performance in 53 healthy Japanese men and women aged 60-74 with mild knee or low back pain. The active group showed significant improvements in passive and active range of motion and physical performance metrics like obstacle walking speed and speed of ascending stairs.
Comparison of Glucosamine-Chondroitin Sulfate with and without Methylsulfonylmethane in Grade I-II Knee Osteoarthritis: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.
Double blind RCT comparing glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate (GC), glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate-methylsulfonylmethane (GCM), and placebo in 147 patients with knee osteoarthritis. GCM showed significant improvement in WOMAC and VAS scores at 12 weeks, indicating clinical benefit over GC and placebo.
Glucosamine oral administration as an adjunct to hyaluronic acid injection in treating temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.
RCT investigating the effect of oral glucosamine as an adjunct to hyaluronic acid injection in 136 patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. The glucosamine group showed greater long-term improvements in pain and mouth opening, with reduced IL-1β and IL-6 and increased TGF-β levels compared to placebo.
Efficacy of pulsed Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT investigating the effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser plus glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate (GCS) in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The study found that pulsed Nd:YAG laser combined with GCS and exercises was more effective than GCS plus exercises and exercises alone in reducing pain and improving knee function.
Comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of chondroitin plus glucosamine and D-002 (beeswax alcohols) in subjects with osteoarthritis symptoms.
RCT comparing the effects of glucosamine plus chondroitin sulphate (GS/CS) and D-002 (beeswax alcohols) on osteoarthritis symptoms over 12 weeks. Both treatments significantly reduced WOMAC and VAS scores, indicating improvements in pain, stiffness, and physical function. No significant differences were found between the groups, and both treatments were well tolerated.
Efficacy of glucosamine plus diacerein versus monotherapy of glucosamine: a double-blind, parallel randomized clinical trial.
A double-blind, parallel randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of patented crystalline glucosamine sulfate (pCGS) plus diacerein versus pCGS alone in 148 patients with mild to moderate osteoarthritis. The study found no significant difference in pain and WOMAC scores between the two groups after 24 weeks.
Glucosamine-containing supplement improves locomotor functions in subjects with knee pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 100 Japanese subjects with knee pain tested a glucosamine-containing supplement. The study found significant improvements in knee-extensor strength and walking speed in the supplement group compared to placebo, particularly in subjects with mild-to-severe knee pain and K-L grade I.
[Use of ARTRA MSM FORTE in patients with knee osteoarthritis: Results of a randomized open-label comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of the drug].
RCT comparing the efficacy and safety of ARTRA MSM FORTE (containing glucosamine, chondroitin, MSM, and sodium hyaluronate) versus ARTRA in 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis. Both groups showed significant pain reduction and improved joint function, with ARTRA MSM providing faster relief. Both treatments were well tolerated.
A commercialized dietary supplement alleviates joint pain in community adults: a double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled community trial assessed the effect of an 8-week ingestion of Instaflex™ Joint Support on joint pain, stiffness, and function in adults with self-reported joint pain. The supplement significantly reduced joint pain severity and improved daily activity performance, particularly in subjects with knee pain, compared to placebo.
Morphological adaptation of muscle collagen and receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) in osteoarthritis patients with 12 weeks of resistance training: influence of anti-inflammatory or glucosamine treatment.
RCT investigating the effect of 12-week resistance training on muscle collagen and RAGE in knee osteoarthritis patients. Patients were divided into groups treated with NSAID, glucosamine, or placebo. Glucosamine treatment reduced collagen type I immunoreactivity and attenuated RAGE accumulation compared to placebo.
Effects of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine in adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.
RCT investigating the effects of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine on 80 adult patients with Kaschin-Beck disease. The experimental group showed a slower narrowing of knee joint space compared to the placebo group, suggesting a protective role in preserving articular cartilage.
Evaluation of the effect of glucosamine administration on biomarkers for cartilage and bone metabolism in soccer players.
RCT investigating the effect of glucosamine on cartilage metabolism in soccer players. Glucosamine administration significantly decreased type II collagen degradation marker CTX-II levels, suggesting a chondroprotective action, although the effect was transient and disappeared after withdrawal.
Additive effects of glucosamine or risedronate for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee combined with home exercise: a prospective randomized 18-month trial.
RCT of 142 female patients with moderate osteoarthritis of the knee, examining the additive effects of glucosamine or risedronate combined with home exercise. No significant differences were observed between groups, indicating no significant additive effect of glucosamine or risedronate on pain and function of the knee.
Effects of glucosamine administration on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
RCT of 51 rheumatoid arthritis patients comparing glucosamine hydrochloride (1,500 mg daily) to placebo for 12 weeks. While no significant improvement was found in joint counts or ACR20 response rates, pain scales favored glucosamine, and serum MMP-3 levels decreased. Glucosamine showed symptomatic effects on RA despite no antirheumatic effect by conventional measures.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled glucosamine discontinuation trial in knee osteoarthritis.
A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy of glucosamine sulfate in 137 knee osteoarthritis patients. The study found no significant difference in disease flare rates or secondary outcomes between glucosamine and placebo groups, indicating no symptomatic benefit from continued glucosamine use.
A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial of a topical cream containing glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and camphor for osteoarthritis of the knee.
RCT of 63 patients with osteoarthritis of the knee comparing a topical cream containing glucosamine sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and camphor to placebo over 8 weeks. The glucosamine/chondroitin group showed a greater mean reduction in pain, indicating effectiveness in relieving knee OA pain.
The effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized clinical trial.
Placebo-controlled, double-blinded RCT evaluating the effect of glucosamine-chondroitin supplementation on hemoglobin A1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study found no significant differences in hemoglobin A1c concentrations between the glucosamine and placebo groups, indicating no effect on glucose metabolism.
Efficacy of a combination of FCHG49 glucosamine hydrochloride, TRH122 low molecular weight sodium chondroitin sulfate and manganese ascorbate in the management of knee osteoarthritis.
RCT evaluating the combination of glucosamine HCl, sodium chondroitin sulfate, and manganese ascorbate for knee osteoarthritis in 93 patients. Significant improvement in the Lesquene Index of severity of osteoarthritis was observed in patients with mild to moderate OA, but not in those with severe OA. The response rate was higher in the intervention group compared to placebo.
Variation in Plasma Levels of Glucosamine With Chronic Dosing: A Possible Reason for Inconsistent Clinical Outcomes in Osteoarthritis.
The study examined the variability in steady-state plasma concentrations of glucosamine among 91 osteoarthritis patients. It found a 106-fold variation in glucosamine levels, suggesting substantial inter-patient differences in absorption and elimination, which may contribute to inconsistent clinical outcomes.
Evaluation of the effect of the administration of a glucosamine‑containing supplement on biomarkers for cartilage metabolism in soccer players: A randomized double‑blind placebo‑controlled study.
A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluated the chondroprotective action of glucosamine in 43 collegiate soccer players without joint disorders. The glucosamine group showed a significant decrease in urine CTX-II and serum C2C levels, indicating improved cartilage metabolism, without adverse effects.
Oral Administration of Glucosamine Improves Vascular Endothelial Function by Modulating Intracellular Redox State.
RCT investigating the effects of oral glucosamine administration (3000 mg/day) for 4 weeks on vascular endothelial function and intracellular redox state in 20 volunteers. Glucosamine significantly increased flow-mediated vasodilation and intraerythrocyte glutathione parameters, suggesting improved vascular endothelial function by modulating intracellular redox state.
Glucosamine supplementation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in athletes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of glucosamine-sulfate supplementation (1000 mg daily for 8 weeks) in 30 male athletes post-ACL reconstruction. Both glucosamine and placebo groups showed significant improvements in knee pain and function scores, but no significant difference between groups. Glucosamine did not improve rehabilitation outcomes.
Randomized trial of glucosamine and chondroitin supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and plasma proteomics profiles in healthy humans.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study assessing glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate supplementation in 18 healthy, overweight adults. Serum CRP concentrations were 23% lower after supplementation compared to placebo, suggesting a reduction in systemic inflammation.
The effects of three-month oral supplementation with a nutraceutical and exercise on the locomotor pattern of aged horses.
RCT of 24 aged horses assessing the effects of a supplement containing glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and methyl sulfonyl methane on locomotor patterns. The study found no significant effect of the supplement on gait characteristics, suggesting it does not improve stiff gait in geriatric horses.
Effect of a dietary supplement containing glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate and quercetin glycosides on symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
RCT of a dietary supplement containing glucosamine hydrochloride, chondroitin sulfate, and quercetin glycosides in 40 Japanese subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. The GCQ supplement group showed significant improvement in symptom/function scores and a trend of improvement in cartilage metabolism biomarkers compared to placebo.
Randomised double-blind, positive-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of glucosamine/chondroitin sulfate for the treatment of dogs with osteoarthritis.
Randomised, double-blind, positive-controlled trial with 35 dogs to assess the efficacy of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate for osteoarthritis. Dogs treated with Glu/CS showed statistically significant improvements in pain, weight-bearing, and severity scores by day 70, with a slower onset of response compared to carprofen.
Glucosamine oral bioavailability and plasma pharmacokinetics after increasing doses of crystalline glucosamine sulfate in man.
This study investigated the oral pharmacokinetics and dose-proportionality of glucosamine after administration of crystalline glucosamine sulfate in 12 healthy volunteers. Glucosamine was rapidly absorbed, with linear pharmacokinetics at doses of 750-1,500 mg, but not at 3,000 mg. Plasma levels increased significantly from baseline, supporting once-daily dosage.
Effect of glucosamine supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations in healthy individuals.
RCT of 19 healthy adults testing the effect of 1500 mg glucosamine sulfate supplementation on fasting and non-fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations over 12 weeks. No significant differences were found in serum insulin or plasma glucose levels during the oral glucose tolerance tests.
The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate after oral and intravenous single dose administration in the horse.
The study investigated the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of glucosamine hydrochloride and low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate in horses after oral and intravenous administration. Results showed that glucosamine was absorbed after oral dosing, and both forms of chondroitin sulfate were absorbed, with differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 8.0 and 16.9 kDa materials.
Oral treatment with a nutraceutical (Cosequin) for ameliorating signs of navicular syndrome in horses.
RCT evaluating the efficacy of an orally administered nutraceutical (Cosequin) containing glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate in horses with navicular syndrome. The nutraceutical group showed significant improvement in lameness and overall clinical condition compared to placebo, though radiographic scores did not differ significantly.
A pilot, open-label investigation of the efficacy of glucosamine for the treatment of major depression.
Open-label pilot study of glucosamine monotherapy in 20 patients with mild to moderate major depressive episode. HAM-D scores dropped by a third, but only 20% were HAM-D responders and 10% were CGI-I responders. No serious adverse events were reported, but glucosamine did not appear effective against major depression.
USING ARTHROSCOPY TO OBSERVE THE EFFECT OF LIVER-SOFTENING MEDICINE ON KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS.
RCT of 40 knee OA patients comparing liver-softening medicine plus glucosamine to glucosamine alone. The treatment group showed significant improvement in signs and symptoms at various time points, with better effects than the control group. No further cartilage degeneration was observed at 180 days.
Phase II study of glucosamine with chondroitin on aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with breast cancer.
Single-arm, open-label, phase II study of glucosamine-sulfate and chondroitin-sulfate for 24 weeks in postmenopausal women with breast cancer experiencing AI-induced joint pain. 46% of patients showed improvement in joint symptoms, with minimal side effects and no change in estradiol levels.
Glucosamine, chondroitin, and manganese ascorbate for degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study.
A 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of glucosamine HCl, chondroitin sulfate, and manganese ascorbate in 34 males with degenerative joint disease of the knee or low back. The combination therapy relieved symptoms of knee osteoarthritis, but did not demonstrate a benefit for spinal DJD. Short-term combination therapy appears safe.
Pilot study of oral polymeric N-acetyl-D-glucosamine as a potential treatment for patients with osteoarthritis.
Pilot study comparing oral ingestion of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) and its polymeric form (POLY-Nag) in 10 healthy subjects. Both forms were absorbed, increasing serum levels of NAG, with POLY-Nag being at least as effective as NAG. Serum levels decreased after 48 hours but remained above baseline, suggesting conversion to glucosamine in vivo.
Amino Sugars Modify Antagonistic Interactions between Commensal Oral Streptococci and Streptococcus mutans
The study investigates how amino sugars, specifically GlcNAc and GlcN, influence the interactions between commensal oral streptococci and the caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Using in vitro models, the research shows that these amino sugars enhance the ability of commensal bacteria to suppress S. mutans, potentially promoting oral health by reducing cariogenicity.
Pharmacoproteomic study of the effects of chondroitin and glucosamine sulfate on human articular chondrocytes
Pharmacoproteomic study on the effects of glucosamine sulfate and chondroitin sulfate on human articular chondrocytes. The study identified proteins modulated by these substances, suggesting mechanisms for their anti-inflammatory effects in osteoarthritis.
Glucosamine prevents in vitro collagen degradation in chondrocytes by inhibiting advanced lipoxidation reactions and protein oxidation
In vitro study investigating the effect of glucosamine on collagen degradation in chondrocytes. Glucosamine sulfate and glucosamine hydrochloride inhibited collagen degradation by preventing advanced lipoxidation reactions and protein oxidation, suggesting a potential mechanism for cartilage protection.
Glucosamine for Osteoarthritis: Biological Effects, Clinical Efficacy, and Safety on Glucose Metabolism
Narrative review discussing the use of glucosamine for osteoarthritis, highlighting its chondroprotective properties and long-term effects. The paper also addresses the controversy over its effectiveness and the theoretical possibility of glucosamine affecting glucose metabolism.
Physiological effects of oral glucosamine on joint health: current status and consensus on future research priorities
Narrative review summarizing current knowledge on the beneficial physiological effects of glucosamine on joint health. The paper provides a consensus on the state-of-the-art and future research priorities, highlighting glucosamine's effects on cartilage aging, joint health maintenance, and OA risk reduction.
Is there any scientific evidence for the use of glucosamine in the management of human osteoarthritis?
This narrative review examines the evidence for glucosamine's use in managing osteoarthritis, including its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and clinical trial results. It highlights glucosamine's structure-modifying and anti-inflammatory effects, but notes variability in symptomatic efficacy and sparse evidence for structure-modifying effects in clinical settings.
Effects of Glucosamine and Chondroitin Sulfate on Cartilage Metabolism in OA: Outlook on Other Nutrient Partners Especially Omega-3 Fatty Acids
The paper discusses the effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on cartilage metabolism in osteoarthritis, highlighting their chondroprotective action through anabolic stimulation and anti-inflammatory effects. It also considers the role of other nutrients, especially omega-3 fatty acids, in reducing OA symptoms and improving joint health.