Research
American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)
40 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Management of Fatigue in Adult Survivors of Cancer: ASCO-Society for Integrative Oncology Guideline Update.
Systematic review updating ASCO guidelines on managing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in adult survivors. Exercise, CBT, mindfulness, tai chi, qigong, and American ginseng showed benefits during treatment. Yoga, acupressure, and moxibustion helped manage CRF after treatment. Other dietary supplements did not improve CRF.
Neurocognitive effects a combined polyphenolic-rich herbal extract in healthy middle-aged adults - a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 52 healthy middle-aged adults assessed the effects of a polyphenolic-rich supplement containing Bacopa monnieri, Panax quinquefolius ginseng, and whole coffee fruit extract over 28 days. The supplement improved positive affect, delayed recall, and prefrontal cortex activation compared to placebo.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the acute and chronic benefits of American Ginseng (Cereboost®) on mood and cognition in healthy young adults, including in vitro investigation of gut microbiota changes as a possible mechanism of action.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 61 healthy young adults investigated the effects of American ginseng extract (Cereboost) on cognition and mood. Acute and chronic supplementation improved working memory, attention, and mood, with amplified effects after two weeks. An in vitro study suggested gut microbiome modulation as a potential mechanism.
Effects of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) on the steady state visually evoked potential during cognitive performance.
A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial investigated the effects of 200 mg Panax quinquefolius on steady state visually evoked potentials during cognitive tasks in middle-aged volunteers. The study found significantly reduced prefrontal SSVEP latency during working memory retrieval, suggesting increased recruitment of prefrontal brain regions.
Ginseng for Treating Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing ginseng's effects on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Korean red ginseng showed positive effects on reducing systolic and diastolic blood pressure, while north American ginseng did not show significant effects.
Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2.
A phase III randomized, double-blind trial evaluated the efficacy of 2000mg American ginseng on cancer-related fatigue in 364 cancer survivors over 8 weeks. The ginseng group showed significant improvement in fatigue scores compared to placebo at 8 weeks, with no significant toxicities reported.
A randomized, controlled trial of Panax quinquefolius extract (CVT-E002) to reduce respiratory infection in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of 293 subjects with early-stage, untreated CLL evaluated the safety and efficacy of Panax quinquefolius extract (CVT-E002) in reducing acute respiratory illness (ARI). While CVT-E002 did not significantly reduce ARI days or antibiotic use, it showed a trend toward reduced rates of moderate to severe ARI and significantly less sore throat, with increased seroconversion rates indicating enhanced antibody responses.
Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: NCCTG trial N03CA.
This pilot RCT investigated the effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on cancer-related fatigue in 290 patients. Nonsignificant trends favored the 1,000- and 2,000-mg/day doses for improving fatigue and vitality, with no significant differences in toxicity. Further study is warranted.
Efficacy of an extract of North American ginseng containing poly-furanosyl-pyranosyl-saccharides for preventing upper respiratory tract infections: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT of 279 subjects aged 18-65 examining the efficacy of North American ginseng extract in preventing colds. The ginseng group had fewer colds, lower symptom severity, and fewer days with symptoms compared to placebo over 4 months.
American Ginseng Attenuates Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage via the Modulation of Lipid Peroxidation and Inflammatory Adaptation in Males.
RCT with 12 physically active males examining the effects of American ginseng (AG) supplementation on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage. AG supplementation reduced plasma creatine kinase activity and lipid peroxidation markers, suggesting it alleviates muscle damage by decreasing lipid peroxidation and promoting inflammatory adaptation.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, phase II study to evaluate the efficacy of ginseng in reducing fatigue in patients treated for head and neck cancer.
RCT evaluating the efficacy of 1000 mg American ginseng versus placebo in reducing fatigue in 32 head and neck cancer patients post-treatment. The study found no significant difference in fatigue reduction between the ginseng and placebo groups after 8 weeks.
Improved working memory performance following administration of a single dose of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) to healthy middle-age adults.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover RCT with 52 middle-aged adults testing 200 mg of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on cognitive performance. The study found improved working memory performance at 3 hours post-administration compared to placebo, with no significant effects on mood or blood glucose levels.
Effect of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on arterial stiffness in subjects with type-2 diabetes and concomitant hypertension.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT evaluating the effect of American ginseng on arterial stiffness and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes patients with hypertension. American ginseng significantly lowered radial augmentation index and systolic blood pressure after 12 weeks compared to placebo.
HT1001, a proprietary North American ginseng extract, improves working memory in schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of HT1001, a proprietary North American ginseng extract, in 64 individuals with schizophrenia. HT1001 significantly improved visual working memory and reduced extrapyramidal symptoms compared to placebo.
American ginseng does not improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a single center randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover pilot study.
This study examined the safety and efficacy of escalating doses of American ginseng over 6 weeks in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 56 subjects with multiple sclerosis and fatigue. Fatigue on ginseng was not significantly different from fatigue on placebo.
Long-term intake of North American ginseng has no effect on 24-hour blood pressure and renal function.
A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover trial in 52 hypertensive individuals assessed the effect of 12-week North American ginseng intake on 24-hour blood pressure and renal function. The study found that ginseng had a neutral effect on all ambulatory blood pressure parameters and did not affect serum cystatin C levels.
A placebo-controlled trial of a proprietary extract of North American ginseng (CVT-E002) to prevent acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults.
Two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials tested a proprietary extract of American ginseng (CVT-E002) against placebo in preventing acute respiratory illness in institutionalized older adults during the influenza season. The CVT-E002 group showed a significantly lower incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza and RSV illness compared to placebo, indicating an 89% relative risk reduction of ARI.
Efficacy and safety of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) extract on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial.
Double-blind, cross-over RCT of 24 individuals with type 2 diabetes evaluating American ginseng extract as an add-on therapy. AG significantly reduced HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure, and improved lipid profiles without affecting safety parameters.
Co-administration of a konjac-based fibre blend and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) on glycaemic control and serum lipids in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled, cross-over clinical trial.
This randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial studied the co-administration of konjac-glucomannan-based fibre blend and American ginseng in 39 participants with type 2 diabetes. The intervention led to a moderate reduction in HbA1c and lipid concentrations over 12 weeks, suggesting improved diabetes control and cardiovascular risk factors.
Significant difference in active metabolite levels of ginseng in humans consuming Asian or Western diet: The link with enteric microbiota.
The study investigated the effects of different diet types on gut microbiota metabolism of American ginseng saponins in six healthy adults. Significant differences in ginsenoside Rb and compound K levels were observed between subjects on Asian and Western diets, suggesting potential differences in cancer prevention effects.
American ginseng tea protects cellular DNA within 2 h from consumption: results of a pilot study in healthy human volunteers.
Pilot study investigating the genoprotective effect of American ginseng tea in 14 healthy volunteers. Participants consuming American ginseng tea showed a significant decrease in DNA damage after 2 hours, compared to the control group.
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis of ginsenoside metabolites in human plasma.
The study used ultra-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry to analyze ginsenoside metabolites in human plasma after oral administration of American ginseng. It found that ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, Rg2, and compound K were detected in plasma, with Rb1 peaking at 4 hours and C-K detected from 7 to 12 hours, supporting the role of enteric microbiota in transforming Rb1 to C-K.
Radioprotective effect of American ginseng on human lymphocytes at 90 minutes postirradiation: a study of 40 cases.
This study investigated the effect of a standardized North American ginseng extract (NAGE) on DNA damage in human lymphocytes at 90 minutes postirradiation. NAGE reduced micronuclei yield and reactive oxygen species while increasing total antioxidant capacity, suggesting its radioprotective potential.
Effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on neurocognitive function: an acute, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial assessed the acute effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) on mood, neurocognitive function, and glycaemic response in 32 healthy young adults. The study found significant improvements in working memory performance and choice reaction time accuracy, with no changes in blood glucose levels.
American ginseng supplementation induces an oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.
Double-blinded parallel study with 25 postmenopausal women examining the effects of American ginseng supplementation. The ginseng group showed increased oxidative stress markers and erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity, suggesting that chronic supplementation may induce oxidative stress.
Safety and tolerability of North American ginseng extract in the treatment of pediatric upper respiratory tract infection: a phase II randomized, controlled trial of 2 dosing schedules.
Phase II randomized controlled trial evaluating the safety and tolerability of American ginseng extract in children with upper respiratory tract infections. The study compared two weight-based dosing schedules to placebo and found no significant differences in adverse events among the groups. Standard doses were well tolerated.
Pharmacokinetic and metabolic effects of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in healthy volunteers receiving the HIV protease inhibitor indinavir.
RCT evaluating pharmacokinetic interactions between indinavir and American ginseng in healthy volunteers. American ginseng did not significantly affect indinavir pharmacokinetics or improve indinavir-induced insulin resistance.
Possible differential induction of phase 2 enzyme and antioxidant pathways by american ginseng, Panax quinquefolius.
RCT with 10 healthy volunteers assessing the effects of American ginseng on zidovudine pharmacokinetics and oxidative stress markers. American ginseng did not significantly alter zidovudine pharmacokinetics but reduced oxidative stress markers.
Efficacy of COLD-fX in the prevention of respiratory symptoms in community-dwelling adults: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled trial.
RCT of 43 community-dwelling adults aged 65+ comparing COLD-fX (North American ginseng extract) to placebo for 4 months. During the last 2 months, significantly fewer subjects in the COLD-fX group reported acute respiratory illness, and symptom duration was shorter compared to placebo.
North American ginseng exerts a neutral effect on blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
A randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial investigated the effect of North American ginseng on blood pressure in 16 hypertensive individuals. The study found that North American ginseng exerted a neutral acute effect on blood pressure compared to placebo.
American ginseng supplementation attenuates creatine kinase level induced by submaximal exercise in human beings.
RCT with 13 physically active male college students examining American ginseng supplementation for 4 weeks before exhaustive running exercise. The study found that American ginseng reduced plasma creatine kinase levels, indicating decreased muscle damage, but did not improve aerobic work capacity.
Brief communication: American ginseng reduces warfarin's effect in healthy patients: a randomized, controlled Trial.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the interaction between American ginseng and warfarin in 20 healthy patients. The study found that American ginseng significantly reduced the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, as indicated by decreased INR and plasma warfarin levels.
Variable effects of American ginseng: a batch of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) with a depressed ginsenoside profile does not affect postprandial glycemia.
Randomized, single-blind study with 12 normal subjects testing the effect of a batch of American ginseng with a depressed ginsenoside profile on postprandial glycemia following a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The study found no significant effect on plasma glucose or insulin levels, suggesting the ginsenoside profile may influence hypoglycemic effects.
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals.
Randomized crossover trial with 12 healthy individuals testing the effects of American ginseng on postprandial glycemia. Ginseng reduced glycemia in a time-dependent manner, with significant effects when administered 40 minutes before a glucose challenge, but not dose-dependent within the 1-3 g range.
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) reduces postprandial glycemia in nondiabetic subjects and subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
RCT assessing the effect of American ginseng on postprandial glycemia in 10 nondiabetic subjects and 9 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ginseng reduced postprandial glycemia when taken 40 minutes before a glucose challenge in nondiabetic subjects and reduced glycemia in diabetic subjects regardless of timing.
Similar postprandial glycemic reductions with escalation of dose and administration time of American ginseng in type 2 diabetes.
RCT investigating the effect of different doses and administration times of American ginseng on postprandial glycemia in 10 type 2 diabetic patients. American ginseng reduced postprandial glycemia irrespective of dose and time of administration, with no more than 3 g required to achieve reductions.
American ginseng improves glycemia in individuals with normal glucose tolerance: effect of dose and time escalation.
RCT studying the effect of escalating doses and administration times of American ginseng on glucose tolerance in 10 nondiabetic individuals. Doses of 3, 6, and 9 g improved postprandial glucose levels compared to placebo, with no additional effect from varying administration times.
Neural correlates of traditional Chinese medicine induced advantageous risk-taking decision making.
This fMRI study examined the neural correlates of improved advantageous risk-taking behavior following a 60-day course of a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) recipe. The TCM recipe was administered to seven participants in the experimental group, and significant neural activity changes were observed in regions involved in risk-taking decision making.
Effects of American ginsengextract on human neurocognitive function: a review.
This review examines the effects of American ginseng extract on mood, mental fatigue, and cognitive function. Clinical trials show improvements in attentional and working memory performance, particularly at doses of 100mg-400mg. Potential mechanisms include activation of frontoparietal neural circuits and alterations in the gut microbiome.
Panacis Quinquefolii Radix: A Review of the Botany, Phytochemistry, Quality Control, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Industrial Applications Research Progress
This narrative review covers the botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, toxicity, and industrial applications of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQR). It highlights PQR's functions in replenishing qi, nourishing Yin, and its pharmacological effects such as hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties.