Research

Ginseng

81 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

12
Meta-analyses
15
Systematic reviews
32
RCTs
22
Other studies
Meta-analyses (15%)
Systematic reviews (19%)
RCTs (40%)
Observational (1%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2026·BMC cardiovascular disorders·Hongyi Yue, Yunfei Jia, Ruohao Sun, et al

Preventive and therapeutic effects of ginsenosides on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 505Heart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 34 animal studies evaluating ginsenosides in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI). Ginsenosides significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and improved hemodynamic indices, with pre-ischemic administration offering greater protection. Findings suggest cardioprotective effects through anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·The British journal of nutrition·Ali Jafari, Helia Mardani, Maryam Abbastabar, et al

The effect of ginseng supplementation on CVD risk factors: a comprehensive systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 4,506Heart Health Inflammation

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of ginseng supplementation on CVD-related risk factors, including 70 studies with 4506 participants. Ginseng supplementation significantly improved several biochemical markers related to inflammation, liver function, and oxidative stress, but showed no significant effects on anthropometric indices, blood pressure, glycaemic profile, lipid profile, adipokines, or heart rate.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Current topics in medicinal chemistry·Sonia Singh, Ronak Agrawal, Himanshu Sharma

Comprehensive PRISMA Based Systematic Review: Exploring the Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Profile and Clinical aspects of.

Systematic review

Systematic review exploring the phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and clinical studies of Ginseng, particularly focusing on its bioactive components like ginsenosides. The review highlights ginseng's anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·Ke Li, Ya-Jun Wang, Chen Chen, et al

Targeting pyroptosis: A novel strategy of ginseng for the treatment of diabetes and its chronic complications.

Systematic reviewInflammation

This systematic review explores the role of pyroptosis in diabetes and its chronic complications, and evaluates the effects of ginseng and its active components on these conditions via pyroptosis-related pathways. The review highlights oxidative stress, ERS, and inflammatory responses as contributors to pyroptosis, and discusses the potential of ginseng extracts and ginsenosides in regulating these pathways to exert anti-diabetic effects.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2024·Phytotherapy Research·Maogui Zeng, Kuan Zhang, Juan Yang, et al

Effects of Ginseng on Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Meta-analysisn = 671Mental Clarity

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 RCTs evaluating the effects of ginseng on cognitive function in 671 subjects. Ginseng showed a significant effect on memory improvement, especially at high doses, but did not have a positive effect on overall cognition, attention, and executive function.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2024·Current pharmaceutical design·Seyyed Mostafa Arabi, Mostafa Shahraki-Jazinaki, Maryam Nayyer Abadi, et al

The Effect of Ginseng Supplementation on Lipid Profile: GRADE-assessed Systematic Review and Dose-response Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Meta-analysisHeart Health -

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 29 RCTs evaluating the effect of Panax ginseng on lipid profile. The analysis found no statistically significant changes in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, or HDL-C levels with ginseng supplementation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2024·Journal of Ginseng Research·Yunna Kim, Ik-Hyun Cho, Seung-Hun Cho

Effect of ginseng and ginsenosides on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review

Systematic reviewFocus

Systematic review assessing the efficacy of ginseng and ginsenosides for ADHD. The review included six human studies and three animal studies, suggesting potential benefits on ADHD symptoms, particularly inattention, through dopaminergic/norepinephrinergic modulation and BDNF/TrkB signaling. Larger controlled studies are needed due to limitations in evidence quality.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2023·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Qian Ren, Jie Lin, Hongya Wang, et al

Effects of ginseng consumption on the biomarkers of oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisInflammation

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 RCTs examining the effects of ginseng on oxidative stress markers. Ginseng consumption significantly lowered serum malondialdehyde levels and increased total antioxidant capacity, oxidative dismutase, glutathione, and glutathione reductase levels compared to placebo. Effects on glutathione peroxidase and catalase were significant after more than 4 weeks of intervention.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·Medicinal research reviews·Sri Renukadevi Balusamy, Haribalan Perumalsamy, Md Amdadul Huq, et al

A comprehensive and systemic review of ginseng-based nanomaterials: Synthesis, targeted delivery, and biomedical applications.

Systematic review

Systematic review of ginseng-based nanomaterials, focusing on the synthesis, targeted delivery, and biomedical applications of ginseng nanoparticles. Discusses the use of nano-ginseng to enhance oral bioavailability and membrane permeability of ginsenosides, and highlights critical parameters affecting nanoparticle synthesis.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Medicine·Jianxun Zhu, Xiaoru Xu, Xin Zhang, et al

Efficacy of ginseng supplements on disease-related fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 1,298Energy

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized controlled trials with 1298 patients, evaluating the efficacy of ginseng supplements on disease-related fatigue. Ginseng supplements showed statistically significant efficacy in reducing disease-related fatigue.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Complementary therapies in clinical practice·Hye Won Lee, Lin Ang, Myeong Soo Lee

Using ginseng for menopausal women's health care: A systematic review of randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Systematic reviewn = 515Womens Health Sexual Health -

Systematic review of 15 RCTs assessing ginseng's effects on menopausal women's health. Ginseng reduced menopausal symptoms and hot flashes in some studies, but showed no significant effect on sexual function, hormones, or endometrial thickness. Quality of life scores improved in some cases. More rigorous RCTs are needed.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Cancer nursing·Wun-Ting Luo, Tsai-Wei Huang

Effects of Ginseng on Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Meta-analysisEnergy Physical Performance Mood

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing ginseng's effectiveness in alleviating cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Ginseng consumption led to significant reductions in CRF levels and improvements in physical and emotional well-being.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Nutrients·K. Naseri, Saeede Saadati, A. Sadeghi, et al

The Efficacy of Ginseng (Panax) on Human Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysisHeart Health Inflammation Nutrition

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 20 RCTs on ginseng supplementation in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes patients. Ginseng significantly reduced FPG, TC, IL-6, and HOMA-IR, and increased HR and TNF-α levels. Dose and duration influenced changes in HOMA-IR, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Ginseng may improve cardiometabolic profiles in these populations.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2021·Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica·Wen-Qi Ma, Hong-Yang Wang, Wen-Jin Zhang, et al

[Effects of ecological factors on shape and ginsenoside of Panax ginseng].

Systematic review

This systematic review examines the effects of various ecological factors on the appearance and chemical composition, mainly ginsenosides, of Panax ginseng. It identifies soil physical factors, temperature, light, altitude, moisture, and soil nutrients as key influences on ginseng's growth and quality.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie·Shasha Fan, Zepeng Zhang, Hang Su, et al

Panax ginseng clinical trials: Current status and future perspectives.

Systematic reviewn = 200

Systematic review summarizing the clinical characteristics of 152 registered and 119 published ginseng clinical trials. The review highlights that ginseng has been studied in single-center trials with less than 200 subjects, focusing on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, showing positive effects in 79.8% of published articles.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease·Yuanbin Chen, Lin Lin, Lei Wu, et al

Effect of Panax Ginseng (G115) Capsules versus Placebo on Acute Exacerbations in Patients with Moderate to Very Severe COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 200

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of ginseng capsules on 200 patients with moderate to very severe COPD over 24 weeks, with a follow-up period of 24 weeks. The study found no statistically significant difference in the rate of acute COPD exacerbations between the ginseng and placebo groups after 1 year. Secondary outcomes showed improvements in both groups but were not clinically significant. Ginseng was safe and well tolerated.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·Nutrition and cancer·Mehdi Sadeghian, Sepideh Rahmani, Mohaddese Zendehdel, et al

Ginseng and Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.

Systematic reviewEnergy

Systematic review of clinical trials assessing the safety and efficacy of three types of ginseng on cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Ginseng was generally well-tolerated and showed potential in reducing CRF symptoms, though the number of high-quality studies is insufficient for it to be a standard treatment.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2018·Drugs·Francesca Borrelli, Cristiano Colalto, Domenico V Delfino, et al

Herbal Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 2,080Sexual Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 24 RCTs involving 2080 patients with erectile dysfunction, evaluating herbal dietary supplements. Ginseng significantly improved erectile function, while P. pinaster and L. meyenii showed preliminary positive results. Saffron and T. terrestris produced mixed results. The quality of studies varied, with a median Jadad score of three. Adverse events were recorded in 19 trials with no significant differences between placebo and verum.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2024·Journal of complementary & integrative medicine·Alla Philippova, Raisa Aringazina, Roberto Lozano, et al

Correction of hypoxic effects on target organs in pneumonia with phytotherapy.

RCTn = 110Inflammation

RCT investigating the effects of ginseng phytopreparation (containing stellasterin, quercetin, and kaempferol) on tissue hypoxia in pneumonia patients. The treatment increased total ATPase activity compared to baseline and placebo, suggesting potential benefits in controlling inflammation and improving hypoxia outcomes.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2024·Journal of Pharmacopuncture·Reza Tahvilian, Mohammad Amin Golesorkhi, Farajollah Parhoudeh, et al

The Effect of the Combination of Ginseng, Tribulus Terrestris, and L-arginine on the Sexual Performance of Men with Erectile Dysfunction: a randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

RCTn = 98Sexual Health Energy

RCT of 98 men with erectile dysfunction comparing a combination of ginseng, Tribulus terrestris, and L-arginine to placebo over three months. The herbal treatment group showed significant improvement in sexual function as measured by IIEF-5 scores, particularly in non-diabetic patients.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2024·Biomolecules·Didier Hernández-García, Ana Belén Granado-Serrano, Meritxell Martín-Gari, et al

Short-Term Panax Ginseng Extract Supplementation Reduces Fasting Blood Triacylglycerides and Oxygen Consumption during Sub-Maximal Aerobic Exercise in Male Recreational Athletes.

RCTn = 51Physical Performance Heart Health Energy

This study investigated the effects of 500 mg daily Panax ginseng extract supplementation over 14 days on aerobic capacity, lipid profile, and cytokines in male recreational athletes. The supplementation reduced fasting blood triacylglycerides and oxygen consumption during sub-maximal aerobic exercise, suggesting benefits in blood lipid profile and energy consumption during exercise.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·European journal of nutrition·Andreea Zurbau, Lea Smircic Duvnjak, Sasa Magas, et al

Co-administration of viscous fiber, Salba-chia and ginseng on glycemic management in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 104Nutrition

Double-blind RCT of 104 individuals with type 2 diabetes testing co-administration of viscous fiber, Salba-chia, and ginseng against a control. At 24 weeks, the intervention group showed a significant reduction in HbA1c levels compared to control, suggesting improved glycemic control.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2021·Complementary medicine research·Zahra Ghorbani, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Azizeh Farshbaf Khalili, et al

The Effect of Panax ginseng on Genitourinary Syndrome in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 60Womens Health

RCT of 60 postmenopausal women with genitourinary syndrome comparing ginseng to placebo for 4 weeks. Ginseng improved patient-assessed symptoms of atrophic vaginitis but had no significant effect on clinician-assessed outcomes. Some side effects were reported in both groups.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·Complementary therapies in medicine·Elena Jovanovski, Lea-Duvnjak-Smircic, Allison Komishon, et al

Vascular effects of combined enriched Korean Red ginseng (Panax Ginseng) and American ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius) administration in individuals with hypertension and type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 80Heart Health

RCT evaluating the effects of combined enriched Korean Red ginseng and American ginseng on vascular function in individuals with hypertension and type 2 diabetes. The study found a reduction in central systolic blood pressure and components of pulse waveform, suggesting potential utility of ginseng for modest blood pressure benefit.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2020·Women & health·Kiandokht Ghamari, Ladan Kashani, Morteza Jafarinia, et al

Vitamin E and ginseng supplementation to enhance female sexual function: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.

RCTn = 62Sexual Health

RCT evaluating the effects of a combined vitamin E and ginseng supplement on female sexual dysfunction. The supplement improved sexual desire and satisfaction domains compared to placebo, but overall enhancement of sexual function was not significantly different.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Didier Hernández-García, Ana Belén Granado-Serrano, Meritxell Martín-Gari, et al

Efficacy of Panax ginseng supplementation on blood lipid profile. A meta-analysis and systematic review of clinical randomized trials.

Meta-analysisHeart Health

Meta-analysis and systematic review of 18 studies evaluating the effects of Panax ginseng on blood lipid profile. Significant reductions in total and LDL-cholesterol were observed, suggesting potential benefits for heart health.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2018·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Noël M Arring, Denise Millstine, Lisa A Marks, et al

Ginseng as a Treatment for Fatigue: A Systematic Review.

Systematic reviewEnergy

Systematic review evaluating the safety and effectiveness of Asian and American ginseng as treatments for fatigue. The review found modest evidence for efficacy and a low risk of adverse events, suggesting ginseng as a promising treatment for fatigue in people with chronic illness.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2016·Medicine·Hye Won Lee, Jiae Choi, YoungJoo Lee, et al

Ginseng for managing menopausal woman's health: A systematic review of double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials.

Systematic reviewWomens Health Mood Sexual Health

Systematic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled RCTs evaluating ginseng for managing menopausal women's health. The review found mixed evidence, with some studies showing positive effects on sexual function and mood, but no significant effects on hot flash frequency, hormones, or endometrial thickness.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2016·Medicine·Qifeng Gui, Zhe-rong Xu, Ke-ying Xu, et al

The Efficacy of Ginseng-Related Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Meta-analysisNutrition

Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating ginseng supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Ginseng improved fasting glucose, postprandial insulin, and HOMA-IR levels, but showed no significant difference in HbA1c levels compared to control. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL levels improved, while HDL did not.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2011·BMJ clinical evidence·Mohit Khera, Irwin Goldstein

Erectile dysfunction.

Systematic reviewSexual Health

Systematic review evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for erectile dysfunction, including ginseng and yohimbine. The review includes 81 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2011·Journal of acupuncture and meridian studies·Nam-Hun Lee, Chang-Gue Son

Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng.

Systematic reviewNutrition Physical Performance -Mental Clarity

Systematic review of 57 randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng. Strong evidence found for positive effects on glucose metabolism, psychomotor function, and pulmonary disease, but not for enhancing physical performance. Ginseng generally has a good safety profile.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2010·The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·Jinsong Geng, Jiancheng Dong, Hengjian Ni, et al

Ginseng for cognition.

Meta-analysisBrain Health

Meta-analysis of nine randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessing the effects of ginseng on cognitive function. Results suggested improvement in some aspects of cognitive function, behavior, and quality of life, but no serious adverse events were found. However, there is a lack of convincing evidence for cognitive enhancement in healthy participants and no high-quality evidence for efficacy in dementia patients.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·Myeong Soo Lee, Eun Jin Yang, Jong-In Kim, et al

Ginseng for cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.

Systematic reviewn = 174Brain Health

Systematic review assessing clinical evidence for ginseng as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Two RCTs suggested significant positive effects of ginseng on cognitive function, but both studies had serious methodological limitations. Evidence remains scarce and inconclusive.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2008·The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique·Dugald Seely, Jean-Jacques Dugoua, Daniel Perri, et al

Safety and efficacy of panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation.

Systematic review

Systematic review of the literature on the use, safety, and pharmacology of Panax ginseng during pregnancy and lactation. Strong scientific evidence from a cohort study indicates no adverse effects during pregnancy, though caution is advised, especially in the first trimester. In vitro evidence suggests potential teratogenicity at high doses, and conflicting evidence exists regarding estrogenic properties. No human studies on safety during lactation, only minimal risk reported in animal studies.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2002·Drug safety·Joanna Thompson Coon, Edzard Ernst

Panax ginseng: a systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions.

Systematic review

Systematic review of adverse effects and drug interactions associated with Panax ginseng. Data suggest that ginseng monopreparations are rarely associated with adverse events or drug interactions, which are usually mild and transient. Combination products with ginseng have been linked to more serious adverse events, but causal attribution is difficult.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·Nutrition and cancer·Maliheh Hamidian, Farzaneh Foroughinia, Mahboubeh Yousefi, et al

Effects of Panax Ginseng on Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Ginseng for HRQOL in Breast Cancer.

RCTn = 40Womens Health

RCT of 40 women with non-metastatic early breast cancer evaluating the efficacy of ginseng (1g/day) on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) during chemotherapy. The ginseng group showed a slight decrease in physical well-being but constant or increasing trends in other HRQOL subscales, with statistically significant differences compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2022·Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners·Malihe Hamidian, Farzaneh Foroughinia, Shirin Haghighat, et al

Protective effects of Panax ginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in patients with non-metastatic breast cancer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 30Heart Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the protective effects of Panax ginseng against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in 30 women with non-metastatic breast cancer. The ginseng group showed a smaller reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to the placebo group, suggesting ginseng may protect against early cardiac dysfunction related to cancer therapeutics.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·Thorax·Johannah Linda Shergis, Francis Thien, Christopher John Worsnop, et al

12-month randomised controlled trial of ginseng extract for moderate COPD.

RCTn = 168

This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of ginseng extract compared to placebo in 168 participants with moderate COPD over 24 weeks, followed by a 24-week follow-up. There were no significant differences in health-related quality of life between the ginseng and placebo groups, although ginseng was safe and well tolerated.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·Complementary therapies in medicine·Zahra Ghorbani, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh Charandabi, et al

The effect of ginseng on sexual dysfunction in menopausal women: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial.

RCTn = 62Sexual Health Womens Health

This randomized controlled trial studied the effect of 500mg Panax Ginseng on sexual function, quality of life, and menopausal symptoms in 62 postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction. Ginseng significantly improved sexual function and quality of life, and reduced menopausal symptoms compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2016·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Namhun Lee, Suk-Hoon Lee, Ho-Ryong Yoo, et al

Anti-Fatigue Effects of Enzyme-Modified Ginseng Extract: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 52Energy

RCT of 52 healthy adults comparing enzyme-modified ginseng extract (EMGE) to placebo for 4 weeks. EMGE significantly decreased fatigue severity as measured by the Visual Analogue Fatigue Scale, with no significant adverse effects.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Complementary therapies in medicine·Dong-Hyuk Jung, Yong-Jae Lee, Chun-Bae Kim, et al

Effects of ginseng on peripheral blood mitochondrial DNA copy number and hormones in men with metabolic syndrome: A randomized clinical and pilot study.

RCTn = 62Hormone Health Inflammation

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 62 men with metabolic syndrome assessing the effects of red ginseng (3.0g/day) over 4 weeks. Significant improvements in mitochondrial function, total testosterone, and IGF-1 levels were observed in the ginseng group compared to placebo. Diastolic blood pressure and serum cortisol significantly decreased in the ginseng group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2011·Trials·Charlie C Xue, Johannah L Shergis, Anthony L Zhang, et al

Panax ginseng C.A Meyer root extract for moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

RCTn = 168

This study protocol outlines a randomised, multi-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the therapeutic value and safety of Panax ginseng root extract for symptomatic relief in individuals with moderate COPD. The trial will involve 168 participants receiving either ginseng or placebo for 24 weeks, with primary outcomes focused on quality of life improvements.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2008·Alzheimer disease and associated disorders·Soon-Tae Lee, Kon Chu, Ji-Young Sim, et al

Panax ginseng enhances cognitive performance in Alzheimer disease.

RCTn = 97Brain Health

Open-label study of Panax ginseng in Alzheimer disease patients, with 58 in the ginseng group and 39 in the control group. Ginseng treatment (4.5 g/d for 12 weeks) improved cognitive performance as measured by MMSE and ADAS scales, with effects declining after discontinuation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2007·Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics·A Hielm-Björkman, V Reunanen, P Meri, et al

Panax Ginseng in combination with brewers' yeast (Gerivet) as a stimulant for geriatric dogs: a controlled-randomized blinded study.

RCTn = 80Physical Performance Mental Clarity

Controlled-randomized blinded study on geriatric dogs comparing Panax Ginseng with brewers' yeast to brewers' yeast alone over 8 weeks. Panax Ginseng plus yeast significantly improved mental and physical performance variables compared to control and external groups. Brewers' yeast was noted to impact physical performance.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2006·Clinical nurse specialist CNS·Julie L Elam, Janet S Carpenter, Xiao-Ou Shu, et al

Methodological issues in the investigation of ginseng as an intervention for fatigue.

RCTEnergy -

Pilot study evaluating the feasibility of a larger clinical trial on ginseng for treating breast cancer-related fatigue. Encountered practical issues such as contraindications, blinding challenges due to ginseng's odor, and measurement device failures.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2001·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·B J Cardinal, H J Engels

Ginseng does not enhance psychological well-being in healthy, young adults: results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 83Mood -

RCT with 83 healthy young adults testing the effects of 200 mg and 400 mg ginseng supplementation on mood. Ginseng had no effect on positive affect, negative affect, or total mood disturbance.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2001·Journal of veterinary medicine. B, Infectious diseases and veterinary public health·S Hu, C Concha, A Johannisson, et al

Effect of subcutaneous injection of ginseng on cows with subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis.

RCTImmunity

RCT on cows with subclinical Staphylococcus aureus mastitis, comparing subcutaneous injections of ginseng extract to saline. Ginseng treatment increased phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils, and increased monocyte and lymphocyte counts, suggesting activation of innate immunity and potential recovery from mastitis.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1990·Zhong xi yi jie he za zhi = Chinese journal of modern developments in traditional medicine·X Z Zhao

[Antisenility effect of ginseng-rhizome saponin].

RCTn = 358Longevity Mental Clarity Immunity Heart Health

RCT of 358 middle and old age persons treated with Ginseng-Rhizome saponin tablets for two months. GRS showed antisenility effects, improved memory, increased white cell count, enhanced immunity, and improved heart health, with no side effects observed.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Pharmaceuticals·Sagar Kurmi, Rita Majhi, Hilal Tayara, et al

Exploring Ginseng Bioactive Compound’s Role in Hypertension Remedy: An In Silico Approach

StudyHeart Health

In silico study using network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation to investigate ginseng-derived compounds' mechanisms in controlling hypertension. Floralquinquenoside C, Ginsenoside Rg6, Notoginsenoside T1, and Floralquinquenoside B showed strong binding with ACE and CA-I, suggesting potential for hypertension management.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2022·Natural Product Communications·Wei Zhang, Jingyao Chen, Hongquan Liu

Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking-Based Prediction of the Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways of Ginseng in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease

Study

The study explores the molecular mechanism of ginseng in treating Parkinson's disease using network pharmacology and molecular docking. It identifies 97 effective ginseng ingredients and 168 potential PD targets, highlighting the involvement of MAPK and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2020·Applied Sciences·R. Malathy, M. Prabakaran, K. Kalaiselvi, et al

Comparative Polyphenol Composition, Antioxidant and Anticorrosion Properties in Various Parts of Panax ginseng Extracted in Different Solvents

Study

The study investigated the antioxidant and anticorrosion activities of Panax ginseng extracts from different parts (leaf, fruit, root) using various solvents. The methanolic fruit extract showed the highest antioxidant activity and corrosion inhibition efficiency, with significant phenolic content identified through UHPLC.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2017·Journal of medicinal food·Shawn D Flanagan, William H DuPont, Lydia K Caldwell, et al

The Effects of a Korean Ginseng, GINST15, on Hypo-Pituitary-Adrenal and Oxidative Activity Induced by Intense Work Stress.

RCTn = 19Stress Inflammation Physical Performance

RCT examining the effects of GINST15, an enzyme fermented ginseng supplement, on hormonal and inflammatory responses to physical stress in humans. GINST15 supplementation reduced circulating cortisol and increased antioxidant activity, with high doses significantly reducing muscle damage and HPA responses to physical stress.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2016·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Seung-Hwa Choi, Keum-Jin Yang, Dong-Soo Lee

Effects of Complementary Combination Therapy of Korean Red Ginseng and Antiviral Agents in Chronic Hepatitis B.

RCTn = 38

Prospective, single-blinded RCT with 38 patients comparing antiviral agents alone to antiviral agents with Korean Red Ginseng in chronic hepatitis B. The experimental group showed significant decreases in non-invasive fibrosis serologic markers, specifically hyaluronic acid and transforming growth factor-β.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Rejuvenation research·Eunson Hwang, Sang-Yong Park, Hae Jo, et al

Efficacy and Safety of Enzyme-Modified Panax ginseng for Anti-Wrinkle Therapy in Healthy Skin: A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

RCTn = 23Skin Hair Health

RCT evaluating the effects of enzyme-modified Panax ginseng (EG) cream on eye-wrinkle formation in 23 human subjects. EG significantly reduced global photo-damage score and various roughness measures compared to placebo, indicating its potential as an anti-aging candidate.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2014·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Leanne R De Souza, Alexandra L Jenkins, Elena Jovanovski, et al

Ethanol extraction preparation of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L) and Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer): differential effects on postprandial insulinemia in healthy individuals.

RCTn = 13Nutrition

RCT comparing different ethanol-extraction preparations of American ginseng and Korean red ginseng on postprandial glycemia and insulin parameters in 13 healthy adults. No difference in postprandial glycemia was observed, but increased insulin sensitivity was noted with KRG-30% and AG-50% extracts compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2011·Journal of human ergology·Amit Bandyopadhyay, Fadzel Wong Chee Ping, Chen Chee Keong

Effects of acute supplementation of caffeine and Panax ginseng on endurance running performance in a hot and humid environment.

RCTn = 9Physical Performance

This placebo-controlled double-blind randomized study examined the effects of acute supplementation of caffeine and Panax ginseng on endurance running performance in a hot and humid environment. Nine heat-adapted Malaysian recreational runners ingested either placebo or a combined dose of caffeine and Panax ginseng before running. The combined supplementation improved endurance running performance, although other physiological measures did not show significant differences.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2008·Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme·Patricia D Biondo, Sarah J Robbins, Jennifer D Walsh, et al

A randomized controlled crossover trial of the effect of ginseng consumption on the immune response to moderate exercise in healthy sedentary men.

RCTn = 10Immunity

A randomized controlled crossover trial investigated the effects of North American ginseng on immune function in healthy sedentary men during moderate exercise. Ginseng reduced CD8+ T cell concentration and increased interleukin-2 production but had no effect on other immune parameters or exercise-induced hormone changes.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2004·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·John L Sievenpiper, John T Arnason, Lawrence A Leiter, et al

Decreasing, null and increasing effects of eight popular types of ginseng on acute postprandial glycemic indices in healthy humans: the role of ginsenosides.

RCTn = 12Nutrition

This study assessed the effects of eight types of ginseng on postprandial plasma glucose and insulin indices in 12 healthy participants using a double-blind, randomized, multiple-crossover design. Results showed variable glycemic effects among the ginseng types, with American and Vietnamese ginseng tending to lower glucose levels, while Asian, American-wild, and Siberian ginsengs increased glucose levels. The PPD:PPT-ginsenoside ratio was a predictor of glucose indices, though it explained low variance.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2003·Medicine and science in sports and exercise·Hermann-J Engels, Mariane M Fahlman, John C Wirth

Effects of ginseng on secretory IgA, performance, and recovery from interval exercise.

RCTn = 27Immunity -Physical Performance -Recovery -

RCT of 38 active healthy adults examining the effects of ginseng supplementation on secretory IgA, exercise performance, and recovery. The study found no significant effects of ginseng on mucosal immunity, physical performance, or heart rate recovery compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1991·Clinical therapeutics·G Pieralisi, P Ripari, L Vecchiet

Effects of a standardized ginseng extract combined with dimethylaminoethanol bitartrate, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements on physical performance during exercise.

RCTn = 50Physical Performance

Double-blind, randomized, crossover study with 50 healthy male sports teachers testing a preparation containing ginseng extract and other components. The ginseng preparation significantly improved total work load and maximal oxygen consumption during exercise compared to placebo, indicating enhanced work capacity and muscular oxygen utilization.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Natural Product Communications·Bo-Zheng Zhang, Haoying Yu, C. Tian, et al

Panax Ginseng Root Extract Exhibits Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties by Diminishing Oxidative Stress Levels and Modulating the NF-κB Signaling Pathway at Both the Cellular and Tissue Levels in the Skin

In vitroSkin Hair Health Inflammation

The study evaluated the skincare efficacy of Panax ginseng root extract (PGRE) using primary keratinocytes and a 3D human epidermal model. PGRE demonstrated potent anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing IL-1α, PGE2, and NF-κB activation, and significantly reduced ROS levels under oxidative stress conditions, highlighting its antioxidant properties.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2022·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·S. Park, Yura Ji, Jeoungjin Ryu, et al

Anti-aging efficacy of solid-state fermented ginseng with Aspergillus cristatus and its active metabolites

In vitroSkin Hair Health

The study developed a new cosmeceutical ingredient by fermenting ginseng with Aspergillus cristatus, resulting in an extract (GFFG) with anti-aging effects on skin cells. GFFG increased hyaluronic acid synthesis, aquaporin expression, and filaggrin mRNA levels in keratinocytes, and inhibited MMP-1 expression in fibroblasts. Metabolites isodihydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin were identified as active components.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2021·Cells·E. Cho, Suh-Yeon Choi, Hyoseon Kim, et al

Panax ginseng-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate Anti-Senescence Effects in Human Skin Cells: An Eco-Friendly and Sustainable Way to Use Ginseng Substances

In vitroSkin Hair Health

The study isolated extracellular vesicles from Panax ginseng roots and culture supernatants to investigate their effects on human skin cells. Treatments improved senescent phenotypes in human dermal fibroblasts and melanocytes by downregulating senescence-associated molecules and melanogenesis-related proteins.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2021·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Song Yang, Fangyu Li, Shuyan Lu, et al

Ginseng root extract attenuates inflammation by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway and activating autophagy and p62-Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in vitro and in vivo.

In vitroInflammation

The study investigates the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of ginseng root extract (GRE) in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells and a DSS-induced colitis mouse model. GRE reduced nitric oxide, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, inhibited NF-κB activity, and decreased reactive oxygen species production. It also induced autophagy via the Akt-mTOR pathway, alleviating inflammation and oxidative stress.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Q. Ding, Wenxiang Zhu, Yirui Diao, et al

Elucidation of the Mechanism of Action of Ginseng Against Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by a Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy

Animal studyInflammation Immunity

The study investigates the mechanism of action of ginseng against acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and animal experiments. Ginseng was found to reduce pathologic damage, neutrophil aggregation, proinflammatory factors, and pulmonary edema in vivo, and inhibit the PI3K-Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2020·ACS Omega·Ling Yang, Chi-Lin Li, T. Tsai

Preclinical Herb–Drug Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Panax ginseng Extract and Selegiline in Freely Moving Rats

Animal study

The study investigates the herb-drug pharmacokinetic interaction between Panax ginseng extract and selegiline in rats. It was found that ginseng extract alters the oral bioavailability of selegiline, suggesting a biphasic pharmacokinetic phenomenon.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2018·Psychiatria polska·J. Woroń, M. Siwek

Unwanted effects of psychotropic drug interactions with medicinal products and diet supplements containing plant extracts.

Observationaln = 147

The study analyzed 147 cases of adverse events resulting from interactions between herbal preparations and psychotropic drugs. Common interactions included hemorrhagic complications with ginkgo biloba, serotonin syndrome with ginseng, and various complications with milk thistle and rhodiola rosea. Withdrawal of the plant preparation often led to a decrease in adverse reactions.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2004·Psychopharmacology·Andrew B Scholey, David O Kennedy

Cognitive and physiological effects of an "energy drink": an evaluation of the whole drink and of glucose, caffeine and herbal flavouring fractions.

RCTn = 20Mental Clarity

RCT evaluating the cognitive and physiological effects of an energy drink containing caffeine, glucose, ginseng, and ginkgo biloba. The whole drink improved performance on 'secondary memory' and 'speed of attention' compared to placebo, suggesting synergy between glucose and caffeine.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1998·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·J D Allen, J McLung, A G Nelson, et al

Ginseng supplementation does not enhance healthy young adults' peak aerobic exercise performance.

RCTn = 28Physical Performance -

RCT of 28 healthy young adults assessing the effect of 200 mg Panax ginseng supplementation for 3 weeks on peak aerobic exercise performance. No significant effects were observed on VO2, exercise time, workload, plasma lactate, hematocrit, heart rate, or perceived exertion.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Proceedings of the 2025 International Symposium on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology·Qi Zhao, Juan Wang, Wenyuan Gao

Progress in multi-omics studies of ginseng using computer technology

Review

This review discusses the role of computational biology in ginseng polyomics research, highlighting advancements in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. It covers the use of machine learning and AI in predicting traits and optimizing ginsenoside production, as well as challenges in integrating multi-omics data.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2025·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·Jingwen Niu, G. Zhu, Junjie Zhang

Ginseng in delaying brain aging: Progress and Perspectives.

ReviewBrain Health Longevity

This narrative review examines the role of ginseng and its bioactive constituents in delaying brain aging and treating neurodegenerative diseases. It highlights ginseng's neuroprotective effects, minimal potential toxic side effects, and suggests future research directions to establish precise drug-target-efficacy relationships.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2025·International Journal of Indigenous Herbs and Drugs·P. M, Ravi Kakunuri, C. Motupalli, et al

Panax ginseng: the medicinal herb

ReviewInflammation Immunity

Narrative review of Panax ginseng, highlighting its historical use and pharmacological potential. Ginseng saponins exhibit hypoglycemic, wound healing, and anticancer properties. The paper discusses ginseng's chemopreventive, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive effects, suggesting applications in treating inflammatory conditions and boosting immune health.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2025·Drug Design, Development and Therapy·L. Hao, Shenghao Li, Caige Li, et al

A Review of the Therapeutic Potential of Ginseng and Its Bioactive Components in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Review

This review examines the therapeutic potential of ginseng and its bioactive components, such as ginsenosides, in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It discusses ginseng's ability to improve hepatic lipid metabolism, reduce inflammation, and inhibit oxidative stress and fibrosis, highlighting its promise as a therapeutic candidate for NAFLD. The review also notes the need for more clinical studies to confirm these effects and explores the pharmacokinetic properties and safety of ginseng.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2025·Journal of Ginseng Research·Natasha Christabella Sutopo, Nurinanda Prisky Qomaladewi, H. Lee, et al

Comprehensive understanding and underlying molecular mechanisms of the adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng

ReviewInflammation Energy Heart Health Brain Health

This narrative review examines the adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng, focusing on its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, cardiovascular protection, and cognitive enhancement properties. It identifies key biomarkers involved in these effects and analyzes their interaction networks.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2024·Journal of Ginseng Research·Ji-Hun Kim, R. Lee, Sung-Hee Hwang, et al

Ginseng and ginseng byproducts for skincare and skin health

ReviewSkin Hair Health

This review discusses recent in vitro and in vivo studies on ginseng extracts, ingredients, and byproducts for skincare and skin health. It highlights emerging evidence that ginsenosides, gintonin, and ginseng byproducts could be beneficial for applications ranging from anti-aging to treating skin diseases. The mechanisms of ginseng components on skin health are also explored.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2021·Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology·E. Lemke

Ginseng for the Management of Cancer-Related Fatigue: An Integrative Review

ReviewEnergy

Integrative review of studies on American ginseng for managing cancer-related fatigue (CRF). The review suggests that 2,000 mg of American ginseng once daily improves CRF symptoms with minimal side effects. Further research is needed to validate these findings.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2021·Molecules·Abdulrhman Alsayari, A. Muhsinah, Dalia Almaghaslah, et al

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

ReviewImmunity

This narrative review discusses the pharmacological efficacy of ginseng against respiratory tract infections, highlighting its immunomodulatory, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. It reviews animal studies and human clinical trials supporting ginseng's role in reducing colds and flu, and discusses future research directions.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2020·Journal of Ginseng Research·Z. A. Ratan, M. F. Haidere, Y. Hong, et al

Pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major component ginsenosides

ReviewImmunity Energy Sexual Health Heart Health Brain Health

This narrative review discusses the pharmacological potential of ginseng and its major components, ginsenosides. It highlights ginseng's antioxidative, anticancer, and therapeutic effects on immunity, energy, sexuality, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurological diseases, while noting the need for higher quality evidence.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2019·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Lei Liu, G. Anderson, Tyler G. Fernandez, et al

Efficacy and Mechanism of Panax Ginseng in Experimental Stroke

ReviewBrain Health

Narrative review of literature on Panax ginseng in experimental stroke, focusing on in vivo evidence of its preventive or therapeutic efficacy and mechanisms in various stroke models of mice and rats. The review summarizes the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of ginseng and ginsenosides on short- and long-term stroke outcomes.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2019·British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·R. Laube, Ken Liu

An unwanted complement: Rare case of potential liver injury induced by an interaction between ginseng and atorvastatin

Case report

Case report of an 82-year-old male experiencing potential liver injury induced by an interaction between ginseng and atorvastatin. The patient had elevated liver tests and symptoms after starting a supplement containing Siberian ginseng and silymarin, alongside longstanding atorvastatin use.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar
2019·Frontiers in Nutrition·Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai, Kanji Kawasaki

Panax ginseng for Frailty-Related Disorders: A Review

ReviewInflammation Immunity Energy Heart Health Brain Health

This review examines the clinical efficacy of Panax ginseng for managing frailty-related disorders by analyzing meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized clinical trial data. It highlights potential benefits of ginseng on glucose metabolism, fatigue, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal function, cognitive function, and immune function. The review suggests potential usefulness for aging-related and frailty symptoms, though larger, well-designed studies are needed.

Semantic ScholarRead on Semantic Scholar