Research
Ginkgo Biloba
167 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia.
Meta-analysis of 82 studies with 10,613 participants assessing Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia. Ginkgo may have small to moderate benefits for global status, cognition, and ADLs in dementia at six months, but probably has little or no effect in mild cognitive impairment or multiple sclerosis. There may be an increased risk of adverse events at three months.
Ginkgo biloba as a Promising Candidate for Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights From Preclinical and Clinical Studies.
This systematic review evaluates the therapeutic potential of Ginkgo biloba, particularly the standardized extract EGb 761, in traumatic brain injury management. Preclinical studies show neuroprotective effects through oxidative stress attenuation and modulation of molecular pathways. Clinical studies suggest potential cognitive and functional improvements, but adverse events like bleeding have been reported, especially with anticoagulants. Large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm efficacy and safety.
The efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract combined with ACEI/ARB on diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 41 randomized controlled trials
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract (GBE) combined with ACEI/ARB in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) patients. The analysis included 41 randomized controlled trials with 3,269 patients, showing that GBE improved various markers such as urinary albumin excretion rate, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen. GBE also showed benefits for oxidative stress and inflammation but had minimal impact on glucose and blood pressure. The combination therapy was generally well-tolerated.
A Randomized Controlled Study on the Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba Combined with Nicorandil in Patients with HFmrEF.
RCT of 316 patients with HFmrEF comparing standard treatment to Ginkgo biloba combined with Nicorandil. The combination group showed improvements in heart function, blood lipid levels, blood glucose levels, renal function, exercise tolerance, and quality of life, with no significant adverse reactions.
Pharmacotherapy options for the management of subjective tinnitus: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
This systematic review and network meta-analysis compared pharmacotherapy options for subjective tinnitus. Ginkgo biloba with vitamin showed significant effects on tinnitus severity, while acamprosate and fluoxetine were effective for annoyance and loudness, respectively. The study suggests antioxidant supplementation like Ginkgo biloba could be promising for tinnitus treatment.
Ginkgo biloba: a smart drug? A systematic review of controlled trials of the cognitive effects of ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy people.
Systematic review of placebo-controlled, double-blind trials assessing the cognitive effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts in healthy individuals. Nine trials were identified, mostly short-term, with no marked or consistent positive effects on cognitive function. A positive subjective effect was reported only in the longest trial. The review concludes that Ginkgo biloba's efficacy as a 'smart' drug is not supported by current evidence.
Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of 98 studies involving 9513 patients with unstable angina pectoris. Ginkgo biloba extract preparations, particularly Shuxuening injection and Ginkgo tablets, showed better efficacy in improving angina symptoms and ECG manifestations compared to conventional treatment. Adverse events were mild and self-limiting, with higher incidence in injection forms.
Effect of long-term pharmacological treatments on Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
This systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatments for Alzheimer's disease over a period exceeding 1 year. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) was found to improve cognition compared to Atorvastatin-calcium and Rivastigmine, emerging as the most efficient intervention for cognition.
Ginkgo biloba Extract Prescriptions Are Associated with Slower Progression of Dementia Severity—Analysis of Longitudinal Real-World Data
Retrospective cohort study analyzing the association between Ginkgo biloba extract prescriptions and dementia severity progression in patients with mild or moderate dementia. Ginkgo biloba extract was associated with a significantly decreased risk of dementia severity progression, with a hazard ratio of 0.50.
Efficacy and safety of ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil hydrochloride in the treatment of Chinese patients with vascular dementia: A systematic review meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 15 RCTs with 1,309 participants comparing ginkgo biloba extract combined with donepezil to donepezil alone for vascular dementia treatment. Combination therapy improved total effective rate, MMSE, BI, and ADL scores, and decreased homocysteine and blood viscosity measures, though effects on cerebral artery flow were not significant.
Comparative efficacy and safety of ginkgo-based Chinese patent medicines in patients with hypertension: A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of 46 RCTs evaluating the efficacy of 8 ginkgo biloba oral preparations for hypertension. GBD+CT was most effective in reducing systolic blood pressure, GBC+CT in reducing diastolic blood pressure, and GBT+CT in lowering total cholesterol. Adverse effects were qualitatively analyzed, with relatively low occurrence compared to CT.
Manfaat Preventif Ginkgo Biloba dalam Kedokteran : Tinjauan Sistematik
Systematic literature review evaluating the preventive benefits of Ginkgo Biloba in pulmonary health, cardiovascular health, and forensic medicine. The review includes RCTs, in vivo studies, and literature reviews, providing evidence of Ginkgo Biloba's positive potential in these areas.
Comprehensive Exploration of the Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba Leaves in Treating Neurological Disorders.
Systematic review summarizing the pharmacological mechanisms of Ginkgo biloba leaves in treating neurological disorders. The study analyzed 52 records, including preclinical and clinical studies, revealing that GBLs can improve memory, cognition, behavior, and psychopathology in conditions like depression, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, Huntington's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Mechanisms include free radical scavenging, anti-oxidant activity, anti-inflammatory response, mitochondrial protection, neurotransmitter regulation, and PAF antagonism.
Ginkgo biloba: A Leaf of Hope in the Fight against Alzheimer’s Dementia: Clinical Trial Systematic Review
Systematic review of 15 clinical trials evaluating Ginkgo biloba's effects on Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Eleven studies showed improvements in cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and functional abilities, while four studies found no significant differences compared to placebo.
Effectiveness and safety of ginkgo biloba preparations in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 RCTs with 1,642 participants comparing ginkgo biloba preparations combined with donepezil hydrochloride to donepezil alone for Alzheimer's disease treatment. The combination improved clinical effectiveness rate and cognitive scores, but no significant difference in adverse reactions was found. Methodological quality of included RCTs was poor.
Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus.
Systematic review of 12 RCTs with 1915 participants assessing the effects of Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus. The review found that Ginkgo biloba may have little to no effect on tinnitus symptom severity, loudness, or health-related quality of life compared to placebo, with very low-certainty evidence. No serious adverse effects were reported.
Effectiveness and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) in the treatment of dizziness caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis: a multi-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.
Multi-center, double-blind RCT evaluating Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE50) for dizziness caused by cerebral arteriosclerosis in 404 patients. GBE50 group showed a higher total effective rate in TCM symptom pattern score compared to control, with no significant difference in adverse reactions.
The Efficacy and Safety of Alzheimer's Disease Therapies: An Updated Umbrella Review.
Umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews on Alzheimer's disease treatments. Found that AChE inhibitors, Ginkgo biloba, and cerebrolysin are beneficial for cognitive functions and activities of daily living in AD patients.
[Systematic review of efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 in treatment of ischemic stroke].
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 RCTs involving 1,615 patients with acute ischemic stroke, evaluating the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50). The analysis found that GBE50 combined with routine therapies effectively lowered NIHSS scores and improved cognitive function and daily activity in ischemic stroke patients.
Efficacy and safety of standardized Ginkgo biloba L. leaves extract as an adjuvant therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 RCTs involving 1069 patients evaluating the efficacy and safety of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) as an adjuvant therapy with corticosteroids for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL). The study found that GBE plus corticosteroids improved clinical cure rates and pure tone average compared to corticosteroids alone, with no significant difference in adverse reactions.
A systematic review of possible interactions for herbal medicines and dietary supplements used concomitantly with disease-modifying or symptom-alleviating multiple sclerosis drugs.
Systematic review of 129 papers on interactions between herbal medicines/dietary supplements and MS drugs. Recommended doses of Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba should not be exceeded, and non-standardized herbal preparations should be avoided with certain drugs. No significant interactions found with ginger, cranberry, vitamin D, fatty acids, turmeric, probiotics, or glucosamine.
Ginkgol Biloba extract as an adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) as an adjunctive treatment for ischemic stroke. It included 15 randomized clinical trials with 1829 participants. GBE improved neurological function and dependence scores compared to conventional therapy, but showed no significant effect on recurrence rate or mortality. The evidence was generally weak, suggesting the need for further large, rigorous trials.
Meta-analysis of Ginkgo biloba Preparation for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease.
Meta-analysis of seven studies with 939 AD patients treated with Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba showed significant efficacy in improving cognitive function and global clinical assessment compared to placebo, with mild adverse events.
Comparative effectiveness of Ginkgo injections for treating vertebrobasilar insufficiency: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis of 20 RCTs with 1710 patients assessing the effectiveness of Ginkgo injections combined with conventional drugs for vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Ginkgo injections, especially Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole, increased the total effectiveness rate and improved transcranial Doppler ultrasonography results. No significant difference in adverse events was found between the GI group and the control group.
Ginkgolide B for Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 preclinical studies with 437 animals assessing ginkgolide B for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ginkgolide B significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and cardiac markers, with mechanisms involving anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and improved energy metabolism.
Miscellaneous treatments for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia.
This meta-analysis reviewed 31 RCTs with 1278 participants on various treatments for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia. It found moderate-quality evidence suggesting that valbenazine and extract of Ginkgo biloba may be effective in relieving symptoms, though results are inconclusive due to small sample sizes and await confirmation from ongoing trials.
Ginkgo biloba extract for prevention of acute mountain sickness: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials assessing ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) for the prevention of acute mountain sickness (AMS). The meta-analysis included seven study groups with 451 participants. GBE showed a trend towards AMS prophylaxis, but the effect was not statistically significant. Further large randomised controlled studies are warranted.
Ginkgo Biloba for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 randomized controlled trials with 2608 patients assessing Ginkgo biloba for mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Ginkgo biloba combined with conventional medicine improved MMSE and ADL scores at 24 weeks compared to conventional medicine alone. Findings were inconsistent across individual trials, and adverse events were mild.
Extract of Ginkgo biloba for Tardive Dyskinesia: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Meta-analysis of 3 RCTs involving 299 schizophrenia patients with tardive dyskinesia, examining the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) as an adjunctive treatment. EGb outperformed control in reducing TD severity and adverse drug reactions, but PANSS scores and all-cause discontinuation were similar between groups.
Interventions to delay functional decline in people with dementia: a systematic review of systematic reviews.
Systematic review of systematic reviews assessing interventions to delay functional decline in dementia. Ginkgo biloba was one of the interventions reported to be effective in minimizing decline in ADL function, with a standardized mean difference of 0.36.
Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of two randomized controlled trials involving 5,889 participants to assess the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba for dementia prevention. The analysis found no significant difference in dementia rates between Ginkgo biloba and placebo groups, and no significant differences in serious adverse effects.
Interventions for vitiligo.
This meta-analysis reviewed 96 studies with 4512 participants on various interventions for vitiligo, including combination therapies and new surgical interventions. Ginkgo biloba showed better repigmentation results than placebo in one study. The review highlights the need for standardized measures and quality of life assessments in future trials.
Efficacy and adverse effects of ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine RCTs with 2,561 patients evaluating Ginkgo biloba extract EGb761 for cognitive impairment and dementia. EGb761 at 240 mg/day showed benefits in cognition, activities of daily living, and global change, especially in patients with neuropsychiatric symptoms. No significant safety concerns were reported.
Ginkgo Biloba extract for angina pectoris: a systematic review.
Systematic review of 23 RCTs involving 2,529 patients evaluating Ginkgo Biloba extract for angina pectoris. Ginkgo Biloba extract with routine Western medicine was more effective in angina relief and electrocardiogram improvement than Western medicine alone. Adverse events included epigastric discomfort, nausea, gastrointestinal reaction, and bitter taste.
Systematic review of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions to manage cognitive alterations after chemotherapy for breast cancer.
Systematic review of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions for managing cognitive alterations after chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Pharmacologic agents, including Ginkgo biloba, were generally ineffective, while cognitive training and physical activity showed promise in improving cognitive functions.
Efficacy and safety of extract of Ginkgo biloba as an adjunct therapy in chronic schizophrenia: A systematic review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies with meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of eight RCTs involving 1033 patients evaluating Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) as an adjunct therapy to antipsychotics in chronic schizophrenia. EGb showed significant improvement in total and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Safety profile was similar to placebo, though side effects may vary with dosage.
Ginkgo biloba on focal cerebral ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies with 1,232 animals examining the neuroprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGB) on focal cerebral ischemia. EGB improved effect size by 34% compared to control, with mechanisms reported as anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, and anti-inflammatory.
Ginkgo biloba extract for essential hypertension: a systemic review.
Systematic review of 9 RCTs with 1012 hypertensive patients assessing Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) for essential hypertension. Some trials showed potential positive effects on blood pressure reduction, but results were not statistically significant in others. Methodological limitations and clinical heterogeneity were noted, and the safety of GBE remains uncertain.
Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus.
Meta-analysis of four trials with 1543 participants assessing the effect of Ginkgo biloba on tinnitus. No evidence was found that Ginkgo biloba is effective for tinnitus as a primary complaint. A small reduction in tinnitus symptoms was observed in patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease, but the clinical significance is unclear.
Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in the treatment of dementia: a pharmacoeconomic analysis of the Austrian setting.
Meta-analysis of three clinical trials assessing the pharmacoeconomic implications of treating Austrian dementia patients with EGb 761, a Ginkgo biloba extract. Treatment with EGb 761 (240 mg/day) delayed ADL deterioration by 22.3 months compared to placebo, resulting in net savings due to delayed progression towards higher home care subsidies.
Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication.
Meta-analysis of 14 trials with 739 participants assessing the effect of Ginkgo biloba on walking distance in people with intermittent claudication. The analysis found no clinically significant benefit of Ginkgo biloba for improving walking distance in these patients.
Long-term use of standardised Ginkgo biloba extract for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (GuidAge): a randomised placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of 2854 elderly adults with memory complaints assessing the efficacy of long-term use of standardised ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) for reducing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease. The study found no significant reduction in the risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease compared with placebo.
Is there a risk of bleeding associated with standardized Ginkgo biloba extract therapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis of 18 randomized controlled trials with 1985 adults assessing the effect of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on hemostasis parameters related to bleeding risk. The study found a positive effect on blood perfusion with reduced blood viscosity but no significant effect on platelet aggregation, fibrinogen concentration, aPTT, or PT. Subgroup analyses showed a reduction in aPTT for high-dose GBE and patient-only studies, but these were not clinically relevant. Overall, no increased bleeding risk was associated with GBE.
Effects of Ginkgo biloba in dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine trials assessing the effects of Ginkgo biloba in Alzheimer's, vascular, and mixed dementia. The meta-analysis found Ginkgo biloba to be more effective than placebo for cognition, with moderate effect sizes. No significant difference was found for activities in daily living, and heterogeneity among studies was high.
From the Cochrane library: Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication.
Meta-analysis of 11 trials involving 477 participants comparing Ginkgo biloba with placebo for intermittent claudication. The study found no clinically significant benefit of Ginkgo biloba on walking capacity, with an increase in absolute claudication distance that was not statistically significant.
Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia.
Meta-analysis of 36 trials assessing the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba for dementia or cognitive decline. Results showed inconsistent effects on cognition, activities of daily living, mood, and depression, with no significant differences in adverse events compared to placebo. Subgroup analysis in Alzheimer's patients also showed no consistent benefit.
Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication.
Meta-analysis of 14 trials with 739 participants assessing Ginkgo biloba for intermittent claudication. The study found no clinically significant benefit of Ginkgo biloba on walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease.
Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT of 3069 elderly individuals with normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment testing Ginkgo biloba vs placebo for dementia prevention. Ginkgo biloba at 120 mg twice daily was not effective in reducing the incidence of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
Ginkgo biloba for acute ischaemic stroke.
Meta-analysis of 10 trials with 792 patients assessing Ginkgo biloba extract for acute ischaemic stroke. Significant improvement in neurological deficit was found in lower-quality trials, but a high-quality trial showed no improvement. No deaths or major adverse events were reported.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba extracts for the improvement of cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people.
A randomized controlled trial with 100 middle-aged and elderly participants investigated the effects of Cistanche tubulosa and Ginkgo biloba extracts on cognitive function. Over 90 days, the CG group showed significant improvements in cognitive assessments and memory functions compared to placebo, with no adverse events reported.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of Ginkgo biloba dropping pill (GBDP) on stable angina pectoris complicated with depression: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba dropping pill (GBDP) as an adjuvant therapy for stable angina pectoris complicated by depression. The GBDP group showed significant improvements in angina stability, quality of life, and depressive symptoms compared to the placebo group over 12 weeks.
A randomized, open-label clinical trial in mild cognitive impairment with EGb 761 examining blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
This randomized, open-label clinical trial examines the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 on blood markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in 100 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The study aims to assess changes in these markers and cognitive test scores over a 12-month period, with an additional 12-month extension phase.
Efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills in the treatment of coronary heart disease with stable angina pectoris and depression: study protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, double-blind and multicentre clinical trial
This study protocol outlines a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicentre clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba dropping pills in treating coronary heart disease with stable angina pectoris and depression. The trial will recruit 72 participants to assess improvements in angina frequency and quality of life.
Clinical effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for the management of anxiety in community dwelling people living with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs on treatments for anxiety in people with dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions like music therapy and physical activities were effective. Pharmacological interventions with potential effectiveness included Ginkgo biloba and probiotics, among others.
Efficacy and Safety of SID142 in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Active-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Phase III Clinical Trial.
Phase III RCT comparing SID142 (a controlled-release tablet of cilostazol and Ginkgo biloba leaf extract) to Renexin in patients with peripheral arterial disease. SID142 was not inferior to Renexin in reducing lower extremity pain and had a lower incidence of adverse reactions.
Investigating the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on the cognitive function of patients undergoing treatment with electric shock: a double-blind clinical trial.
Double-blind clinical trial investigating the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in 80 patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. The intervention group showed statistically higher MMSE and WMS-III scores compared to the control group, indicating improved cognitive function.
A systematic review of research investigating the physiological and psychological effects of combining Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng into a single treatment in humans: Implications for research design and analysis.
Systematic review of studies investigating the combination of Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba, focusing on physiological and psychological outcomes in humans. The review found benefits to circulatory/cardiovascular health and secondary memory performance, with some evidence of synergy in healthy populations following a single dose.
Updating the recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes: A systematic review of new evidence and practical treatment algorithm.
Systematic review updating recommendations for treatment of tardive syndromes. Deutetrabenazine and valbenazine are established as effective treatments for tardive dyskinesia. Clonazepam and Ginkgo biloba probably improve tardive dyskinesia, while amantadine and tetrabenazine might be considered. Pallidal deep brain stimulation possibly improves intractable tardive dyskinesia.
Effects of Ginkgo biloba on dementia: An overview of systematic reviews.
Overview of systematic reviews assessing the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) in treating dementia. Evidence suggests GbE has potentially beneficial effects on cognitive performance and activities of daily living at doses greater than 200mg/day for at least 22 weeks, though evidence quality varies from low to moderate.
Tinnitus.
Systematic review evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for chronic tinnitus, including ginkgo biloba, acamprosate, acupuncture, antidepressant drugs, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, electromagnetic stimulation, hearing aids, hypnosis, psychotherapy, tinnitus-masking devices, and cognitive behavioural therapy plus tinnitus-masking device.
Ginkgo biloba extract for age-related macular degeneration.
Systematic review of two trials with 119 participants assessing the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The trials suggested possible benefits on vision, but results could not be pooled, and further research is needed.
Pharmacologic treatment for memory disorder in multiple sclerosis.
Meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating pharmacologic treatments for memory disorder in MS, including donepezil, Ginkgo biloba, memantine, and rivastigmine. No convincing evidence supports these interventions as effective treatments, though they were safe and well tolerated.
Effectiveness of standardized ginkgo biloba extract on cognitive symptoms of dementia with a six-month treatment: a bivariate random effect meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of standardized ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on cognitive symptoms of dementia over a 6-month treatment period. The analysis of 6 trials showed a significant improvement in cognitive function in favor of GbE.
Ginkgo biloba in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.
Systematic review of RCTs assessing Ginkgo biloba in Alzheimer's disease. High-dose Ginkgo (240 mg) shows a benefit for activities of daily living and an indication of benefit for cognition and psychopathological symptoms, though effects are heterogeneous. No harm of Ginkgo is evident.
An update on drug interactions with the herbal medicine Ginkgo biloba.
Systematic review examining the literature from 2000 to 2008 on drug interactions and potential side effects involving Ginkgo biloba. The review focuses on the clinical evidence of interactions between Ginkgo biloba and medications.
Tinnitus.
Systematic review evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for chronic tinnitus, including ginkgo biloba, acamprosate, acupuncture, antidepressant drugs, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, cinnarizine, electromagnetic stimulation, hearing aids, hypnosis, psychotherapy, tinnitus-masking devices, and tinnitus retraining therapy.
[External validity of clinical trials for treatment of dementia with ginkgo biloba extracts].
Meta-analysis of 34 placebo-controlled clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of ginkgo biloba extracts in treating dementia of vascular origin and Alzheimer disease. The analysis found significant positive results in favor of ginkgo in a majority of trials, despite moderate consideration of external validity. No severe adverse effects were reported.
Ginkgo biloba special extract in dementia with neuropsychiatric features. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial.
Double-blind RCT of 400 patients with Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia, comparing Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 to placebo over 22 weeks. EGb 761 showed significant improvements in cognitive and behavioral symptoms compared to placebo, with good tolerability.
Ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia.
Meta-analysis assessing the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba for dementia or cognitive decline. Benefits were observed for cognition at 12 weeks and activities of daily living at 12 and 24 weeks, but not consistently across doses or time points. Ginkgo appears safe with no excess side effects compared to placebo, but evidence of significant benefit is inconsistent.
Ginkgo biloba does not benefit patients with tinnitus: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
This study included a randomized double-blind trial and a meta-analysis to assess the effects of Ginkgo biloba on tinnitus. The trial involved 66 patients, and the meta-analysis included six trials. Results showed no significant benefit of Ginkgo biloba over placebo in improving tinnitus-related outcomes.
Ginkgo biloba for tinnitus.
Systematic review assessing the effect of Ginkgo biloba in patients with tinnitus. Twelve trials were identified, but most were excluded due to methodological issues. The review found no evidence that Ginkgo biloba was effective for tinnitus as a primary complaint.
The memory enhancing effects of a Ginkgo biloba/Panax ginseng combination in healthy middle-aged volunteers.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled, 14-week RCT assessed the effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng combination on cognitive function in 256 healthy middle-aged volunteers. The combination significantly improved memory quality, including working and long-term memory, throughout the 12-week dosing period and after a 2-week washout.
Ginkgo biloba extract for the treatment of intermittent claudication: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
Meta-analysis of eight randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials assessing the efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract for intermittent claudication. The analysis found a significant increase in pain-free walking distance in favor of Ginkgo biloba, though the overall treatment effect size is modest.
Ginkgo biloba extract for age-related macular degeneration.
Systematic review evaluating the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on the progression of age-related macular degeneration. One published trial with 20 participants showed a potential beneficial effect, but results are considered equivocal due to small sample size and lack of outcome masking. The review concludes that the question of Ginkgo biloba's efficacy in preventing disease progression remains unanswered.
[A randomized controlled trial of electronic balance assistant combined with pharmacotherapy for vestibular rehabilitation in patients with acute peripheral vestibular injury].
RCT comparing medication-only treatment to medication combined with vestibular rehabilitation using an electronic balance aid in 98 patients with acute peripheral vestibular injury. The experimental group showed significant improvements in Dizziness Handicap Inventory and Sensory Organization Test scores compared to the control group.
Effect of a Supervised Aerobic Exercise Training Program and Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Metabolic Parameters and Functional Capacity in HIV-Infected Subjects
Randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study on 28 HIV-infected subjects examining the effects of a supervised aerobic exercise training program and Ginkgo biloba extract. The GKB extract group showed significant decreases in HbA1c and the HOMA-IR index, indicating reduced insulin resistance.
Ginkgo biloba Extract Safety: Insights from a Real-world Pharmacovigilance Study of FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) Events.
The study assessed the safety profile of Ginkgo biloba extract using adverse event data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from 2004 to 2023. It identified 700 reports of adverse events affecting 23 organ systems, with significant mismatches leading to major adverse events like amaurosis fugax and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. The study highlights the importance of clinical surveillance and risk assessment for Ginkgo biloba extract.
The Effect of Ginkgo Biloba Extract on Oxidative Stress, Anti-Inflammatory and Antiapoptotic in Vitiligo Treated with Topical Desoxymethasone
Double-blind randomized control trial evaluating Ginkgo biloba extract as an adjunct to topical desoxymethasone in vitiligo treatment. The study found that Ginkgo biloba extract significantly reduced oxidative stress markers and improved melanin index and erythema in vitiligo patients.
Augmentation strategies for clozapine refractory schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of augmentation strategies for clozapine refractory schizophrenia. Identified 46 studies of 25 interventions, including Ginkgo biloba, showing potential as an augmentation agent. The review highlights aripiprazole, fluoxetine, and sodium valproate as effective for total psychosis symptoms, and memantine for negative symptoms, though study quality was generally poor.
The efficacy and safety of systemic injection of Ginkgo biloba extract, EGb761, in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial evaluated the additive therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) receiving systemic steroids. Fifty-six patients were allocated to either EGb761 or placebo, with methylprednisolone administered to both groups. The study found no significant difference in pure tone threshold improvement, but speech discrimination scores were significantly better in the EGb761 group.
Non-glutamatergic clozapine augmentation strategies: a review and meta-analysis.
Meta-analysis reviewing the efficacy of non-glutamatergic agents, including Ginkgo biloba, as augmentation strategies for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. The study found no convincing evidence for the efficacy of these agents, including E-EPA and Ginkgo biloba, in improving symptoms.
Effect of Memo®, a natural formula combination, on Mini-Mental State Examination scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment.
RCT of 66 subjects with mild cognitive impairment comparing Memo® supplement (containing Ginkgo biloba, Panax ginseng, and royal jelly) to placebo for 4 weeks. The Memo group showed a significantly greater improvement in Mini-Mental State Examination scores compared to the control group.
Tinnitus.
Systematic review evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for chronic tinnitus, including ginkgo biloba, acamprosate, acupuncture, antidepressant drugs, benzodiazepines, carbamazepine, cinnarizine, electromagnetic stimulation, hearing aids, hypnosis, psychotherapy, tinnitus-masking devices, and tinnitus retraining therapy.
Clinical efficacy comparison of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids.
RCT comparing the clinical efficacy of anti-wrinkle cosmetics containing herbal flavonoids from ginkgo, tea, rooibos, and soybean. The ginkgo formula increased skin moisturization and smoothness, and reduced roughness and wrinkles. The tea and rooibos formula showed the best efficacy on wrinkle reduction.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba L. in treatment of premenstrual syndrome.
A single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessed the effect of Ginkgo biloba L. on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms in 90 students. Ginkgo biloba significantly reduced the overall severity of PMS symptoms compared to placebo.
Dietary supplement with a combination of Rhodiola crenulata and Ginkgo biloba enhances the endurance performance in healthy volunteers.
RCT of 70 healthy male volunteers testing Rhodiola-Gingko Capsule (RGC) for 7 weeks. The RGC group showed a significant increase in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and maintained testosterone to cortisol ratio, suggesting improved endurance performance and protection against fatigue.
Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of migraine with aura.
A multicentric, open, preliminary trial evaluated ginkgolide B in the prophylactic treatment of migraine with aura in 50 women. The study found a significant decrease in the frequency and duration of migraine with aura during the treatment period with ginkgolide B, coenzyme Q10, and vitamin B2. No serious adverse events were reported.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba for the prevention of cognitive decline.
A 42-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 118 elderly subjects assessed the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) on cognitive decline. Unadjusted analyses showed no significant effect on progression to cognitive impairment or memory decline. Secondary analysis considering medication adherence indicated a protective effect of GBE. More ischemic strokes and TIAs were observed in the GBE group.
Effect of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761) and aspirin on platelet aggregation and platelet function analysis among older adults at risk of cardiovascular disease: a randomized clinical trial.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial examining the effects of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761, 300 mg/day) combined with aspirin on platelet function in older adults at risk of cardiovascular disease. The study found no clinically or statistically significant differences in platelet aggregation or bleeding episodes between the Ginkgo biloba and placebo groups over 4 weeks.
Tinnitus.
Systematic review evaluating the effectiveness and safety of various interventions for chronic tinnitus, including ginkgo biloba among others. The review includes 37 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies.
Ginkgo biloba and acetazolamide prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial comparing acetazolamide and Ginkgo biloba for acute mountain sickness (AMS) prophylaxis in unacclimatized adults at 3800 m elevation. Acetazolamide significantly reduced AMS symptoms, while Ginkgo biloba showed no significant efficacy compared to placebo.
Effects of a combined extract of Ginkgo biloba and Bacopa monniera on cognitive function in healthy humans.
RCT of 85 healthy subjects testing a combined extract of Ginkgo biloba and Bacopa monniera on cognitive function over 2 and 4 weeks. The study found no significant effects on cognitive processes compared to placebo.
Gincosan (a combination of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng): the effects on mood and cognition of 6 and 12 weeks' treatment in post-menopausal women.
Double-blind placebo-controlled study of Gincosan (a combination of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng) in post-menopausal women. After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment, Gincosan showed no significant effects on mood, somatic anxiety, menopausal symptoms, sleepiness, or cognitive measures.
Determination of quercetin and kaempferol in human urine after orally administrated tablet of ginkgo biloba extract by HPLC.
The study developed a method for determining quercetin and kaempferol in human urine using HPLC after oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extract. The method showed good separation and recovery rates for both compounds.
The Efficacy of Citicoline Combined with Ginkgo Biloba in Patients with Moderate Cognitive Impairment: Results of a Comparative Study with Monotherapy
The study evaluated the effect of a fixed combination of citicoline and ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment. The combination therapy showed superior improvement in cognitive function indicators compared to monotherapy with either citicoline or ginkgo biloba.
Total phenolics and total flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba leaves of the plant optimization of the extraction conditions
The study investigated the antioxidant content of Ginkgo biloba leaves and developed an ultrasound-assisted extraction method for optimal extraction efficiency. The study optimized conditions for extracting phenolic and flavonoid substances from the leaves.
Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Constituents of Ginkgo Biloba Flowers and Leaves, and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities
The study compares the chemical and nutritional composition of Ginkgo biloba flowers and leaves, focusing on their anti-radiation and anti-ferroptosis activities. Ginkgo biloba flowers were found to have higher levels of flavonoids, amino acids, fatty acids, and ceramides, and demonstrated superior anti-radiation and anti-ferroptosis activity compared to the leaves.
Multicenter, Open-Label, Prospective Study Shows Safety and Therapeutic Benefits of a Defined Ginkgo Biloba Extract for Adults with Major Neurocognitive Disorder.
Open-label, multicenter, single-arm phase IV trial of 150 patients aged ≥50 years with major neurocognitive disorder treated with 120 mg EGb 761 twice daily for 18 weeks. Significant improvements were found in constructional praxis, memory, speed and executive functioning, and behavioral symptoms. The study confirmed the favorable safety profile and suggested therapeutic benefits of EGb 761 in Indian patients.
Comprehensive Pharmacognostic Analysis and Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties in Ginkgo biloba Leaf Extracts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications in Traditional and Modern Medicine
The study conducts a comprehensive pharmacognostic analysis of Ginkgo biloba leaf extracts, identifying primary and secondary metabolites, and evaluating its antioxidant properties. The analysis highlights the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, suggesting potential health benefits.
Effect of Brewing Conditions on Antioxidant Properties of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Infusion
The study investigated the relationship between antioxidant activity and brewing conditions of Ginkgo biloba leaf infusions, focusing on leaf weight and brewing time. It also analyzed the migration of micro- and macroelements and conducted a sensory analysis to determine the best combinations for antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability.