Research

Garlic

75 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

13
Meta-analyses
2
Systematic reviews
20
RCTs
40
Other studies
Meta-analyses (17%)
Systematic reviews (3%)
RCTs (27%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2024·Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition·Yanbin Du, Hua Zhou, Wenting Zha

Garlic consumption can reduce the risk of dyslipidemia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Meta-analysisHeart Health

Meta-analysis of 21 RCTs examining the effects of garlic consumption on blood lipid levels in dyslipidemia patients. Garlic significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-C, while slightly increasing HDL-C. The effects were more pronounced in patients over 50 years old and with garlic oil compared to garlic powder.

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2024·Nutrients·Xinyue Zhao, Tao Cheng, H. Xia, et al

Effects of Garlic on Glucose Parameters and Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Randomized Controlled Trials

Meta-analysisNutrition Heart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the effects of garlic on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans. Garlic was found to effectively control fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and LDL-C, while increasing HDL-C levels. No substantial impact on triglyceride levels was observed.

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2022·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Sha Li, Wei Guo, Winnie Lau, et al

The association of garlic intake and cardiovascular risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Meta-analysisHeart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 22 studies examining the effects of garlic intake on cardiovascular risk factors. Garlic intake was found to lower total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein, particularly with lower dosages and longer durations in patients with cardiovascular diseases.

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2021·International journal of clinical practice·Parivash Shekarchizadeh-Esfahani, Bahar Hassani, Neda Roshanravan, et al

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials on the effects of garlic supplementation on serum adiponectin and leptin levels.

Meta-analysis

Systematic review and meta-analysis of five trials assessing the effects of garlic supplementation on serum adiponectin and leptin levels. Overall, garlic supplementation did not significantly affect these levels compared to placebo. Subgroup analysis showed increased serum adiponectin in younger participants, with lower doses and longer durations.

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2021·Nutrition Research and Practice·Jounghee Lee, N. Zhao, Zhuxuan Fu, et al

Effects of garlic intake on cancer: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials and cohort studies

Systematic review

Systematic review of garlic intake on cancer risk, including one RCT and 13 cohort studies. The RCT showed a significant decrease in colorectal adenomas with high-dose aged garlic extract, but cohort studies provided inconsistent associations with colorectal cancer risk.

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2021·Journal of integrative medicine·Yi Yuan, Rui-Ting Wang, Jun Xia, et al

Interventions for preventing influenza: An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews and a Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisImmunity

This meta-analysis and overview of Cochrane systematic reviews evaluated the efficacy of various interventions for preventing influenza. Garlic and vaccines were found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of influenza, while vitamin C was not effective. Ganmao capsule ranked highest for influenza prevention in the network meta-analysis.

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2020·Diabetes & metabolic syndrome·Farhang Mirzavandi, Mehdi Mollahosseini, Amin Salehi-Abargouei, et al

Effects of garlic supplementation on serum inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-analysisInflammation

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 RCTs examining garlic supplementation's effect on inflammatory biomarkers. Garlic significantly reduced circulating CRP levels, while aged garlic extract also reduced TNF-α. No significant effect on IL-6 was observed.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·Primary care diabetes·E. Shabani, Korosh Sayemiri, M. Mohammadpour

The effect of garlic on lipid profile and glucose parameters in diabetic patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 1,273Heart Health Nutrition

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 studies with 1273 diabetic patients examining garlic's effect on lipid profile and glucose parameters. Garlic significantly reduced triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1C, and increased HDL compared to placebo.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·K. Ried

Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis

Meta-analysisn = 553Heart Health Gut Health

This review and meta-analysis examines the effects of garlic supplements on blood pressure in hypertensive patients, confirming reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure similar to standard medications. Kyolic aged garlic extract also improved cardiovascular health by reducing arterial stiffness and enhancing gut microbiota diversity.

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2017·Food & Nutrition Research·Juan Wang, Xiu-ming Zhang, Hai-li Lan, et al

Effect of garlic supplement in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Meta-analysisn = 768Nutrition Heart Health

Meta-analysis of 9 RCTs involving 768 T2DM patients evaluating garlic supplement's efficacy. Significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, fructosamine, and glycated hemoglobin were observed, along with improved cholesterol levels. Garlic supplement shows positive effects in managing T2DM.

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2006·The American journal of clinical nutrition·Lian Zhang, Mitchell H Gail, Yu-que Wang, et al

A randomized factorial study of the effects of long-term garlic and micronutrient supplementation and of 2-wk antibiotic treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection on serum cholesterol and lipoproteins.

RCTn = 3,411

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled factorial study in 3411 subjects assessed the effects of long-term garlic and micronutrient supplementation on serum cholesterol levels. Garlic supplementation had no effect on lipid profiles, while micronutrient supplementation was associated with small increases in total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations after 7.3 years.

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2024·Nutrients·Teresa Vezza, Enrique Guillamón, Jorge García-García, et al

LDL-Cholesterol-Lowering Effects of a Dietary Supplement Containing Onion and Garlic Extract Used in Healthy Volunteers.

RCTHeart Health Inflammation

RCT investigating the effects of a dietary supplement containing garlic and onion extracts on individuals with mild hypercholesterolemia. The study found significant reductions in LDL and total cholesterol levels, as well as improvements in blood pressure and oxidative and inflammatory markers.

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2023·Phytotherapy Research·Abbas Ali Sangouni, M. Alizadeh, Atena Jamalzehi, et al

Garlic supplementation improves intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product and cardiometabolic indices in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

RCTn = 90Gut Health Heart Health

A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted for 3 months among 90 subjects with metabolic syndrome to assess the effects of garlic powder supplementation. Garlic improved intestinal transit time, lipid accumulation product, and various cardiometabolic indices compared to placebo.

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2021·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·F. Jafari, M. Tabarrai, A. Abbassian, et al

Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) Supplementation on Premenstrual Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

RCTn = 129Womens Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of garlic supplementation on premenstrual symptoms in women with moderate-to-severe PMS. Garlic significantly reduced the severity of premenstrual symptoms compared to placebo over three consecutive cycles.

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2021·Phytotherapy Research·Roya Zadhoush, A. Alavi-Naeini, A. Feizi, et al

The effect of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on the lipid parameters and blood pressure levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial

RCTn = 80Heart Health Womens Health

RCT investigating the effect of 800 mg/day garlic supplementation on lipid parameters and blood pressure in 80 women with PCOS over 8 weeks. Garlic significantly reduced serum total cholesterol and LDL-C levels compared to placebo, with trends towards reduced triglycerides and systolic blood pressure.

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2021·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·Masoumeh Asgharpour, Armin Khavandegar, Parastoo Balaei, et al

Efficacy of Oral Administration of Allium sativum Powder “Garlic Extract” on Lipid Profile, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Indices among Hemodialysis Patients

RCTn = 70Heart Health Inflammation

Double-blinded randomized crossover study of 70 hemodialysis patients assessing the effects of 300 mg garlic powder BID on lipid profile, inflammation, and cardiovascular markers. Significant improvements were observed in OXLDL, HCY, TG, and Ca levels, indicating garlic's efficacy in lipid profile improvement and renal protective effects.

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2021·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·Sudabeh Amirsalari, zahra Behboodi Moghadam, Z. Taghizadeh, et al

The Effect of Garlic Tablets on the Endometriosis-Related Pains: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

RCTn = 60Womens Health Inflammation

Randomized placebo-controlled trial of 60 women with endometriosis, testing 400 mg garlic tablets versus placebo. The intervention group showed a significant reduction in pain severity, while the control group did not. Garlic extract reduced pelvic and back pain, dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia.

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2020·Phytotherapy Research·Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian, Z. Paknahad, Z. Habibagahi, et al

The effects of garlic (Allium sativum) supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, fatigue, and clinical symptoms in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial

RCTn = 70Inflammation Joint Bone Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of 1,000 mg garlic supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, clinical symptoms, and fatigue in 70 women with active rheumatoid arthritis over 8 weeks. The garlic group showed significant decreases in serum CRP, TNF-a, pain intensity, tender joint count, disease activity score, and fatigue compared to placebo. Swollen joint count also decreased significantly in the garlic group.

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2020·International Journal of Clinical Practice·Seyedeh Parisa Moosavian, Z. Paknahad, Z. Habibagahi

A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial, evaluating the garlic supplement effects on some serum biomarkers of oxidative stress, and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis

RCTInflammation

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the effects of garlic supplementation on serum biomarkers of oxidative stress and quality of life in women with rheumatoid arthritis. The study investigates garlic's antioxidant properties in the context of rheumatoid arthritis.

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2012·Journal of the science of food and agriculture·Tao Zeng, Fang-Fang Guo, Cui-Li Zhang, et al

A meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials for the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles.

Meta-analysisHeart Health

Meta-analysis of 26 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigating the effects of garlic on serum lipid profiles. Garlic was found to significantly reduce serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to placebo, particularly in long-term interventions and subjects with higher baseline cholesterol levels.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2007·The Journal of nutrition·Suong N T Ngo, Desmond B Williams, Lynne Cobiac, et al

Does garlic reduce risk of colorectal cancer? A systematic review.

Systematic reviewLongevity

Systematic review of studies examining the effects of garlic on colorectal cancer (CRC). One RCT reported a 29% reduction in colon adenomas with aged garlic extract. Several case control/cohort studies and a meta-analysis suggested a protective effect of garlic intake. Animal studies also demonstrated significant anticarcinogenic effects.

PubMedRead on PubMed
1998·Controlled clinical trials·M H Gail, W C You, Y S Chang, et al

Factorial trial of three interventions to reduce the progression of precancerous gastric lesions in Shandong, China: design issues and initial data.

RCTn = 3,411

A blinded, randomized 23 factorial trial in Shandong, China, involving 3411 subjects to test interventions for reducing precancerous gastric lesions. Interventions include dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, steam-distilled garlic oil, and Kyolic aged garlic extract. Initial data show excellent compliance and good tolerance of interventions.

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1994·Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London·C. Silagy, A. Neil

Garlic as a Lipid Lowering Agent—A Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysisn = 952Heart Health

Meta-analysis of 16 trials with 952 subjects assessing garlic's effect on serum lipids. Garlic therapy reduced total serum cholesterol by 0.77 mmol/l and triglycerides by 0.31 mmol/l compared to placebo. HDL-cholesterol was non-significantly lowered. Garlic therapy appears to significantly reduce total serum cholesterol over 1–3 months.

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2023·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Jung-Piao Tsao, Jeffrey R Bernard, Tse-Hsin Tu, et al

Garlic supplementation attenuates cycling exercise-induced oxidative inflammation but fails to improve time trial performance in healthy adults.

RCTn = 11Inflammation Physical Performance -

Single-blind crossover study with 11 healthy males examining the effects of 4-week garlic supplementation on 40-km cycling performance and exercise-induced oxidative stress. Garlic supplementation increased antioxidant capacity and reduced oxidative inflammation and muscle damage, but did not improve cycling performance.

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2019·The Journal of nutrition·Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, A. Milajerdi, F. Koohdani, et al

Garlic Supplementation Reduces Circulating C-reactive Protein, Tumor Necrosis Factor, and Interleukin-6 in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Meta-analysisn = 13Inflammation

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 RCTs examining the effects of garlic supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. Garlic significantly reduced serum C-reactive protein, IL-6, and TNF levels, but had no significant effect on adiponectin and leptin concentrations.

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2016·Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal·Marjan Mahdavi-Roshan, J. Nasrollahzadeh, Ali Mohammad Zadeh, et al

Does Garlic Supplementation Control Blood Pressure in Patients with Severe Coronary Artery Disease? A Clinical Trial Study

RCTn = 56Heart Health

A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial on 56 CAD patients assessed the effect of garlic powder tablets on blood pressure. The garlic group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure compared to the placebo group, suggesting garlic as an effective treatment for controlling blood pressure in CAD patients.

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2008·BMC Cardiovascular Disorders·K. Ried, O. Frank, N. Stocks, et al

Effect of garlic on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Meta-analysisn = 10Heart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of garlic on blood pressure. The meta-analysis showed that garlic preparations significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo, particularly in hypertensive individuals.

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2007·Archives of internal medicine·Christopher D Gardner, Larry D Lawson, Eric Block, et al

Effect of raw garlic vs commercial garlic supplements on plasma lipid concentrations in adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia: a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 192Heart Health -

RCT comparing raw garlic, powdered garlic supplement, aged garlic extract supplement, and placebo in 192 adults with moderate hypercholesterolemia. None of the garlic forms had statistically or clinically significant effects on LDL-C or other plasma lipid concentrations over 6 months.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2001·The British journal of nutrition·H Verhagen, G J Hageman, A L Rauma, et al

Biomonitoring the intake of garlic via urinary excretion of allyl mercapturic acid.

RCT

The study investigates the intake of garlic via urinary excretion of allyl mercapturic acid as a biomarker. It found that S-allyl-mercapturic acid could be detected in 15 out of 16 urine samples of garlic supplement takers, indicating good compliance. Additionally, a cross-sectional study in Finland showed no differences in garlic consumption or ALMA output between vegans and controls.

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2020·Journal of Applied Animal Research·H. Adineh, M. Harsij, H. Jafaryan, et al

The effects of microencapsulated garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth performance, body composition, immune response and antioxidant status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles

Animal studyn = 300Physical Performance Immunity Nutrition

The study investigates the effects of microencapsulated garlic extract on growth, immune response, and antioxidant status of rainbow trout juveniles. Dietary supplementation with garlic significantly improved growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein content, and immune response, while reducing liver enzyme activities and lipid content.

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2020·BMC Veterinary Research·Marta Satora, M. Magdziarz, A. Rza̧sa, et al

Insight into the intestinal microbiome of farrowing sows following the administration of garlic (Allium sativum) extract and probiotic bacteria cultures under farming conditions

StudyGut Health

The study investigates the impact of garlic extract and probiotic bacteria on the intestinal microbiota of farrowing sows using next generation sequencing. Results suggest that garlic supplementation may influence microbiome diversity and richness, with a potential decrease in pathogenic species, indicating a positive effect on gut health.

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2018·Nutrients·Larry D Lawson, Scott M Hunsaker

Allicin Bioavailability and Bioequivalence from Garlic Supplements and Garlic Foods.

RCTn = 13

The study assessed the bioavailability and bioequivalence of allicin from 13 garlic supplements and 9 garlic foods by measuring breath allyl methyl sulfide in 13 subjects. Results showed varying allicin bioavailability depending on the form of garlic consumed, with enteric tablets showing lower bioavailability when consumed with a high-protein meal. The study provides guidelines for garlic product qualities in clinical trials and consumer awareness.

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2015·The Journal of nutrition·Craig S Charron, Harry D Dawson, George P Albaugh, et al

A Single Meal Containing Raw, Crushed Garlic Influences Expression of Immunity- and Cancer-Related Genes in Whole Blood of Humans.

RCTn = 17Immunity

A randomized crossover feeding trial with 17 volunteers examined the effects of a garlic-containing meal on gene expression in whole blood. Garlic intake upregulated genes related to immunity, apoptosis, and xenobiotic metabolism, with significant increases in mRNA transcripts and OSM protein levels.

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2009·Tropical animal health and production·Sudipta Ghosh, Ram K Mehla, S K Sirohi, et al

The effect of dietary garlic supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, faecal score, faecal coliform count and feeding cost in crossbred dairy calves.

RCTn = 36Nutrition Gut Health Physique

RCT with 36 crossbred calves studying the effect of garlic extract supplementation on performance metrics. Garlic extract significantly increased body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency, while reducing faecal score and coliform count. Feed cost per kilogram of body weight gain was lower in the treatment group.

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2003·Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics·John S Markowitz, C Lindsay Devane, Kenneth D Chavin, et al

Effects of garlic (Allium sativum L.) supplementation on cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in healthy volunteers.

RCTn = 14

RCT assessing the influence of garlic extract on cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 activity in 14 healthy volunteers. No significant differences were found in the pharmacokinetic parameters of dextromethorphan and alprazolam after garlic supplementation, indicating garlic extracts are unlikely to alter the metabolism of medications dependent on these pathways.

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2003·British journal of clinical pharmacology·Keith Gallicano, Brian Foster, Shurjeel Choudhri

Effect of short-term administration of garlic supplements on single-dose ritonavir pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers.

RCTn = 10

RCT evaluating the effect of acute garlic supplementation on the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of ritonavir in 10 healthy volunteers. Coadministration of garlic nonsignificantly decreased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve and peak plasma concentration of ritonavir.

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1997·The American journal of clinical nutrition·A J Adler, B J Holub

Effect of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men.

RCTn = 50Heart Health

RCT of 50 hypercholesterolemic men examining the effects of garlic and fish-oil supplementation on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Garlic supplementation significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL-C, while fish-oil supplementation significantly decreased triacylglycerol concentrations but increased LDL-C. The combination of garlic and fish oil provided a combined lowering of total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triacylglycerol concentrations.

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2023·Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research·Z. Noman, T. Anika, Sabbya Sachi, et al

Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) crude extract against multidrug-resistant (MDR) poultry pathogen

In vitro

The study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of garlic and ginger crude extracts against multidrug-resistant poultry pathogens E. coli and Salmonella sp. using TLC-Bioautography. Garlic showed inhibitory activities with zones of inhibition of 14.03 mm and 19.70 mm, and MICs of 0.625 and 0.325 mg/ml, while ginger showed zones of inhibition of 14.63 mm and 11.56 mm, and an MIC of 9.0 mg/ml.

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2023·Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology·Arman Mahmud Khan, Md. Arman Sharif, Rahagir Salekeen, et al

In vitro and in silico investigation of garlic’s (Allium sativum) bioactivity against 15-lipoxygenase mediated inflammopathies

In vitroInflammation

The study investigated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulation effects of aqueous garlic extract against 15-lipoxygenase mediated inflammopathies. The extract showed significant activity in various assays, and in silico analysis identified Rhamnetin as a potential inhibitor of 15-LOX1 and 15-LOX2.

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2022·Applied Sciences·T. Gabriel, Abimana Vestine, Ki Deok Kim, et al

Antibacterial Activity of Nanoparticles of Garlic (Allium sativum) Extract against Different Bacteria Such as Streptococcus mutans and Poryphormonas gingivalis

In vitro

The study evaluated the antibacterial activity of ultrasonicated garlic extract against various bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans and Poryphyromonas gingivalis. The results showed that all tested bacteria were sensitive to garlic extracts, with Streptococcus mutans being the most susceptible. The study suggests that ultrasonicated garlic extract is a potent antibacterial agent.

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2022·Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition·Abdolreza Jahanbakhshi, S. Pourmozaffar, I. Adeshina, et al

Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on growth, enzymological and biochemical responses and immune-related gene expressions in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii).

Animal studyPhysical Performance Immunity Nutrition

The study evaluated the effects of garlic extract supplementation on growth, enzymological and biochemical responses, and immune-related gene expressions in giant freshwater prawns. Garlic-fed prawns showed improved weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio. Enzyme activities and immune-related gene expressions were also enhanced, indicating garlic's positive effects on growth performance and stress resistance.

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2021·Archives of Microbiology·A. Magryś, A. Olender, D. Tchórzewska

Antibacterial properties of Allium sativum L. against the most emerging multidrug-resistant bacteria and its synergy with antibiotics

In vitro

In vitro study evaluating the antibacterial activity of Allium sativum (garlic) extracts and their interactions with antibiotics against drug-sensitive and multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. Garlic extract inhibited a broad range of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and showed potential synergy with antibiotics like gentamycin and ciprofloxacin.

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2020·Aquaculture Nutrition·Anle Xu, Shangguan Jb, Zhongbao Li, et al

Effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction activity, growth and digestive enzyme activities of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus

Animal study

The study investigated the effects of garlic powder on feeding attraction, growth performance, and digestive enzymes of juvenile Japanese seabass. Garlic powder showed a clear attractive trend and improved growth and digestive enzyme activities, with the optimal dosage being about 10 g/kg diet.

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2020·Jurnal Riset Farmasi·S. Azhar, Kiki Mulkiya, Reza Abdul Kodir

Pengaruh Waktu Aging dan Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Black Garlic yang Dibandingkan dengan Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.)

In vitroInflammation

The study compares the antioxidant activity of black garlic and white garlic using different extraction methods. Black garlic showed improved antioxidant activity with longer aging, as indicated by lower IC50 values in DPPH free radical reduction tests.

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2019·Journal of Food Processing and Preservation·A. Liaqat, T. Zahoor, Muhammad Atif Randhawa, et al

Characterization and antimicrobial potential of bioactive components of sonicated extract from garlic ( Allium sativum ) against foodborne pathogens

Study

The study explores the potential of sonication treatment combined with various solvents for extracting bioactive components from garlic, specifically phenolics and allicin, and evaluates their antimicrobial potential against foodborne pathogens. Garlic pink showed higher bioactive components and antimicrobial potential. The study suggests practical applications of garlic extract in food safety and preservation.

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2017·Veterinary World·N. Sheoran, R. Kumar, Aman Kumar, et al

Nutrigenomic evaluation of garlic (Allium sativum) and holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and immune characteristics in broilers

Animal studyn = 280Immunity Nutrition

A 6-week feeding trial with 280 Ven Cobb broilers evaluated the effects of garlic and holy basil leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and immune characteristics. Supplementation improved body weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and increased mRNA expression of toll-like receptors, enhancing immune response.

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2024·Nutrients·Christopher Sleiman, Rose-Mary Daou, A. Al Hazzouri, et al

Garlic and Hypertension: Efficacy, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Implications

ReviewHeart Health

This narrative review examines the efficacy of garlic in lowering blood pressure, highlighting its historical use and phytochemical components like allicin and ajoene. Clinical studies suggest garlic may modestly reduce blood pressure, particularly in individuals with mild hypertension, through mechanisms such as increased nitric oxide production and improved endothelial function.

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2024·Food Science & Nutrition·Zohreh Zamanian, Elahe Tajbakhsh, Nazila Arbab Soleimani, et al

Aqueous extract‐mediated green synthesis of CuO nanoparticles: Potential anti‐tuberculosis agents

Animal study

The study investigates the anti-tuberculosis activity of green-synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles using garlic and astragalus extracts. Rats infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis were treated with garlic-derived nanocomposites, showing significant inhibitory effects on tuberculosis progression and mitigation of oxidative stress and lung damage.

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2023·Frontiers in Nutrition·Tarun Verma, Ankur Aggarwal, P. Dey, et al

Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review

Review

This review discusses the medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack foods. It highlights garlic's antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal, antihypertensive, anti-anemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticarcinogenic, antiaggregant, and immunomodulatory properties.

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2022·Frontiers in Nutrition·C. Tudu, Tusheema Dutta, Mimosa Ghorai, et al

Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of garlic (Allium sativum), a storehouse of diverse phytochemicals: A review of research from the last decade focusing on health and nutritional implications

ReviewHeart Health Immunity Inflammation Nutrition

This narrative review discusses the ethnobotanical and pharmacological aspects of garlic (Allium sativum), highlighting its antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, anticancer, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective activities. The review covers garlic's phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicological aspects, and clinical studies, emphasizing its health and nutritional implications.

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2021·Antioxidants·M. Sasi, Sandeep Kumar, Manish Kumar, et al

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies

Review

Narrative review of garlic (Allium sativum) bioactives and their role in alleviating oral pathologies. The review discusses the phytochemical profile, biological activities, therapeutic applications, and safety of garlic extract in oral health care.

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2021·Molecules·J. Mohamed, A. Alqahtani, T. V. A. Kumar, et al

Superfast Synthesis of Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Allium sativum (Garlic) Extract and Isoniazid Hydrazide Conjugates: Molecular Docking and In-Vitro Characterizations

In vitro

The study describes the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using garlic extract and isoniazid hydrazide, forming stable conjugates. Molecular docking and in-vitro characterizations were performed, showing potential anti-tubercular activity.

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2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Xiaoming Lu, Chaofan Wang, Mengyun Zhao, et al

Improving the bioavailability and bioactivity of garlic bioactive compounds via nanotechnology

Review

This review discusses the bioactive compounds in garlic, focusing on their anticancer effects and the use of nanotechnology to improve their stability, solubility, and bioavailability. It provides guidelines for enhancing the absorption and circulation time of garlic components to treat human health.

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2020·Antioxidants·Johura Ansary, T. Forbes-Hernández, E. Gil, et al

Potential Health Benefit of Garlic Based on Human Intervention Studies: A Brief Overview

ReviewHeart Health Inflammation Longevity Skin Hair Health Joint Bone Health

Narrative review of 83 human interventional trials on garlic, highlighting its health-promoting effects on diseases like cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid-lowering properties. Discusses garlic's rapid metabolism and poor bioavailability.

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2020·Dermatologic surgery : official publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et al.]·S. Sepehripour, G. Filobbos

Mechanism of Action of Topical Garlic on Wound Healing.

ReviewSkin Hair Health

The article discusses the mechanism of action of topical garlic on wound healing, highlighting increased fibroblast proliferation due to allicin in rat models. It also addresses potential adverse effects such as allergic reactions and burns, emphasizing the need for caution in its use.

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2019·Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education·Melania Priska, Natalia Peni, Ludovicus Carvallo

Phytochemicals Screening and Antioxidant Effectiveness of Garlic (Allium sativum) from Timor Island

In vitroInflammation

The study screened phytochemicals and tested the antioxidant effectiveness of ethanolic garlic extract from Timor Island. The extract contained flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids, and was very effective in inhibiting free radicals with an IC50 value of 9.729 ppm.

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2019·Foods·Su Cheol Baek, K. Nam, S. A. Yi, et al

Anti-adipogenic Effect of β-Carboline Alkaloids from Garlic (Allium sativum)

In vitroPhysique

The study isolated and characterized six compounds from garlic, focusing on the anti-adipogenic effects of (1R,3S)-1-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid. This compound inhibited 3T3-L1 preadipocyte adipogenesis, reduced adipogenic gene expression, and regulated lipid metabolism genes, suggesting potential benefits in preventing excessive adipogenesis in obesity.

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2019·Nutrients·Hyejin Lee, Ji-Won Heo, Ashely Kim, et al

Z-ajoene from Crushed Garlic Alleviates Cancer-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

Animal studyPhysical Performance

The study investigates the effects of ajoene, a sulfur compound from crushed garlic, on cancer-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. Ajoene extract was found to alleviate muscle degradation by decreasing myokines secretion and suppressing signaling pathways involved in muscle atrophy, while promoting muscle protein synthesis and myofiber formation.

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2018·Veterinary Research Forum·A. Soleimanzadeh, L. Mohammadnejad, A. Ahmadi

Ameliorative effect of Allium sativum extract on busulfan-induced oxidative stress in mice sperm

Animal studyn = 72Sexual Health

The study assessed the protective effects of garlic extract against busulfan-induced testicular toxicity in mice. Garlic extract co-administration improved sperm quality parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and hormonal levels, indicating its antioxidant effects against testicular damage.

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2018·Journal of Pharmacovigilance·Wolde T, K. H, Trueha K, et al

Anti-Bacterial Activity of Garlic Extract against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

In vitro

The study evaluated the antibacterial effect of garlic extracts against standard isolates of S. aureus and E. coli using an agar diffusion method. Garlic extracts showed higher inhibition zones against E. coli compared to S. aureus, with chloroform extracts having the highest inhibition zone.

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2018·Food & function·A. Weisstaub, M. V. Salinas, M. J. Correa, et al

Effects of the intake of white wheat bread added with garlic and resistant starch: action on calcium bioavailability and metabolic parameters of growing Wistar rats.

Animal studyGut Health Joint Bone Health Nutrition

The study investigated the effects of wheat bread with garlic, resistant starch, and calcium citrate on metabolic and physiological parameters in Wistar rats. The BGR group showed improved gut microbiota, lower cecal pH, better metabolic profile, and increased bone mineral density compared to the control and wheat bread groups.

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2018·Ayu·Minal M. Kshirsagar, A. Dodamani, G. Karibasappa, et al

Antibacterial activity of garlic extract on cariogenic bacteria: An in vitro study

In vitro

In vitro study evaluating the antibacterial activity of garlic extract against cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Hard neck garlic extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition, suggesting potential use for dental caries and oral infections.

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2017·Aquaculture Nutrition·M. Esmaeili, A. A. Kenari, A. Rombenso

Effects of fish meal replacement with meat and bone meal using garlic (Allium sativum) powder on growth, feeding, digestive enzymes and apparent digestibility of nutrients and fatty acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)

Animal studyNutrition

The study investigated the effects of replacing fish meal with meat and bone meal, with or without garlic powder, on growth, digestive enzymes, and nutrient digestibility in juvenile rainbow trout. Garlic powder improved fish performance, body composition, enzyme activity, and digestibility, although it affected tissue fatty acid composition.

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2017·bioRxiv·R. Kaur, A. Tiwari, M. Manish, et al

Common Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has Potent Anti-Bacillus anthracis Activity

In vitro

The study evaluated the anti-Bacillus anthracis activity of aqueous extracts from several plants, identifying garlic (Allium sativum L.) as the most promising candidate. Garlic extract showed potent bactericidal activity against B. anthracis, with significant reduction in viable colony-forming units. The extract was stable under various conditions and did not antagonize FDA-approved antibiotics for anthrax control.

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2016·Bangladesh Veterinarian·Z. Noman, M. Hasan, S. Talukder, et al

Effects of garlic extract on growth, carcass characteristics and haematological parameters in broilers

Animal study

The study investigated the effects of garlic extract on growth, carcass characteristics, and haematological parameters in broilers. Broilers were divided into groups receiving 1% or 2% garlic extract, a ciprofloxacin positive control, and a negative control. The 1% garlic group showed better performance in body weight gain compared to other groups, suggesting that 1% aqueous garlic extract improves growth and carcass qualities in broilers.

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2015·Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology·Guoliang Li, Xudong Ma, Lisha Deng, et al

Fresh Garlic Extract Enhances the Antimicrobial Activities of Antibiotics on Resistant Strains in Vitro

In vitron = 93

In vitro study using the disk diffusion method to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of fresh garlic extract (FGE) and its combination with antibiotics on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. FGE showed inhibition properties against C. albicans and MRSA and improved the effect of antibiotics on resistant pathogens, demonstrating positive interaction effects.

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2014·African Journal of Biotechnology·H. B., J. H., M. M

Effects of cell phone radiation on the levels of T3, T4 and TSH, and histological changes in thyroid gland in rats treated with Allium sativum extract

Animal studyHormone Health

Animal study assessing the effects of cell phone radiation and protective effects of garlic on thyroid hormones and histology in rats. Garlic extract showed mixed effects on thyroid hormone levels and gland morphology, with some protective and some adverse interactions with radiation exposure.

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2013·Journal of Intercultural Ethnopharmacology·P. Tripathi, P. Gupta, V. Lal

Effect of Co-administration of Allium sativum extract and Metformin on Blood glucose of Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats -

Animal study

The study evaluated the effect of Allium sativum extract on metformin in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Metformin was administered in two doses, and Allium sativum extract was given at 500 mg/kg. Blood glucose levels were measured over 28 days.

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2013·Ayu·S. Shetty, Biju Thomas, V. Shetty, et al

An in-vitro evaluation of the efficacy of garlic extract as an antimicrobial agent on periodontal pathogens: A microbiological study

In vitro

In vitro study evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy of garlic extract against periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. The study found that aqueous garlic extract showed significant bacteriostatic and antiproteolytic activity, suggesting potential therapeutic use for periodontitis.

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2012·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Xavier L Louis, R. Murphy, S. Thandapilly, et al

Garlic extracts prevent oxidative stress, hypertrophy and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes: a role for nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide

Animal studyHeart Health Inflammation

The study investigates the effects of garlic skin and flesh extracts on preventing norepinephrine-induced hypertrophy and apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes. Garlic extracts reduced oxidative stress and cell death, with effects mediated by nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide pathways. Allicin and alliin concentrations were higher in garlic flesh extract.

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2008·Indian Journal of Pharmacology·D. Dhingra, Vaibhav Kumar

Evidences for the involvement of monoaminergic and GABAergic systems in antidepressant-like activity of garlic extract in mice

Animal studyMood

Animal study investigating the antidepressant-like activity of garlic extract in mice using tail suspension and forced swim tests. Garlic extract significantly decreased immobility time, indicating antidepressant-like activity comparable to fluoxetine and imipramine. The extract likely acts by inhibiting MAO-A and MAO-B levels and interacting with adrenergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, and GABAergic systems.

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2008·Indian Journal of Pharmacology·R. Bhatti, K. Singh, M. Ishar, et al

The effect of Allium sativum on ischemic preconditioning and ischemia reperfusion induced cardiac injury

Animal studyHeart Health

The study investigated the effect of garlic extract on ischemic preconditioning and ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury in isolated rat hearts. Garlic extract enhanced cardio protection offered by ischemic preconditioning and protected the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion induced cardiac injury.

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2019·Microbiology Research Journal International·Bulti Kumera Fufa

Anti-bacterial and Anti-fungal Properties of Garlic Extract (Allium sativum): A Review

Review

This review assesses the antimicrobial potential of garlic extract, highlighting its biologically active components like allicin and ajoene. It discusses garlic's antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular effects, noting that higher concentrations of garlic extract increase its antimicrobial potency.

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2016·Pharmaceutical Biology·N. Ziamajidi, Abolfazl Nasiri, R. Abbasalipourkabir, et al

Effects of garlic extract on TNF-α expression and oxidative stress status in the kidneys of rats with STZ + nicotinamide-induced diabetes

Animal studyn = 24Inflammation Nutrition

The study investigated the effects of aqueous garlic extract on TNF-α expression and oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats with STZ + nicotinamide-induced diabetes. Garlic extract showed hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, reducing glucose, uric acid, urea, MDA, TOS, NO levels, and TNF-α protein levels in diabetic rats.

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2013·Molecules·A. Capasso

Antioxidant Action and Therapeutic Efficacy of Allium sativum L.

ReviewHeart Health Longevity

This narrative review explores the antioxidant activity and therapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum (garlic), focusing on its organosulphur compounds. Fresh garlic and aged garlic extract (AGE) are highlighted for their ability to prevent oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of heart disease and contributing to longevity.

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