Research
Cla
123 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in comparison with omega-6 and omega-9 on lipid profile: a graded, dose-response systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 35 RCTs with 1,476 participants examining the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on lipid profiles. CLA supplementation significantly increased serum triglyceride levels compared to olive oil and reduced total cholesterol levels compared to placebo and olive oil.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 RCTs evaluating conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors. CLA supplementation led to significant reductions in body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage, but had no effect on lipid profile and blood pressure.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on anthropometrics and body composition indices in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 70 RCTs with 4159 participants examined the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on anthropometric and body composition markers in adults. CLA supplementation significantly reduced body mass, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, and body fat percentage, while increasing fat-free mass. However, high-quality studies showed only small changes in body mass and BMI, with no significant effect on fat mass and body fat percentage.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on inflammatory cytokines and adipokines across 42 studies with 1,109 participants. CLA supplementation significantly decreased IL-6 and TNF-α levels, slightly increased CRP levels, and had no effect on adiponectin and leptin levels overall, though it reduced adiponectin and leptin in women.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and exercise on body composition and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 RCTs and 2 crossover trials investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) combined with exercise on body composition and insulin resistance. CLA with exercise significantly decreased body fat and insulin resistance but did not affect body weight, exercise performance, or lipid profiles. CLA was generally safe with no increased risk of adverse events.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 RCTs evaluating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glycemic control, adipokines, cytokines, malondialdehyde, and liver function enzymes in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease. CLA supplementation increased fasting blood glucose and aspartate aminotransferase, while decreasing leptin and interleukin 6. No effect was observed on HbA1c, HOMA-IR, CRP, TNF-α, and ALT adiponectin.
The effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid intake on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 586 participants assessing the effects of CLA supplementation on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant enzymes. CLA significantly increased 8-iso-PGFurinary concentration but did not change other oxidative stress markers. Findings suggest CLA does not have substantial effects on oxidative stress markers overall, with caution advised due to small sample size and study heterogeneity.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on lipid profile in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 56 RCTs explored the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on lipid profiles. CLA supplementation significantly improved HDL-C concentrations but increased concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C, apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on liver function enzymes and malondialdehyde in adults: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on liver enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) in adults. The analysis included 22 RCTs and found that CLA supplementation significantly reduced MDA levels, a marker of oxidative stress, but did not alter ALT and AST levels.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on blood pressure and endothelial function in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 RCTs explored the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on blood pressure and endothelial function. CLA supplementation did not significantly alter systolic or diastolic blood pressure, but significantly reduced intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) levels.
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on oxidative stress markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 RCTs assessing the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on oxidative stress markers. CLA supplementation significantly decreased MDA concentrations and increased 8-iso-PGF2α levels, but did not significantly change GPx concentrations.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Leptin Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 19 RCTs with 1045 subjects examining the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on plasma leptin concentrations. The meta-analysis found a slight but not significant reduction in leptin levels overall, but a significant reduction in obese subjects and in trials lasting less than 24 weeks.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on blood inflammatory markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 420 subjects assessing the effects of CLA supplementation on inflammatory markers. CLA supplementation increased blood levels of CRP and TNF-α, while IL-6 levels were marginally decreased. The study raises concerns about using CLA as an anti-obesity agent due to its potential to increase inflammatory markers.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of eight studies with nine trials involving 638 participants to assess the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on blood pressure. The analysis found no significant effect of CLA supplementation on systolic or diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation Suppresses the De Novo Lipogenesis in Adults With High Body Fat: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on de novo lipogenesis and related metabolic pathways in adults with high body fat. CLA supplementation decreased erythrocyte C16:1n7 and C18:1n9 while increasing C18:3n3 levels, with changes in triglycerides and LDL-C correlated with these fatty acid changes. CLA suppressed DNL activity and was associated with changes in plasma and liver lipids, involving energy metabolism pathways.
The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Densitometric Parameters in Overweight and Obese Women-A Randomised Controlled Trial.
This RCT assessed the effect of CLA supplementation on bone mineral density and content in 74 overweight or obese women. The CLA group showed a significant increase in BMC and BMD at the lumbar spine within the group, but no significant differences were found between the CLA and placebo groups in changes in densitometric parameters.
Metabolomic Changes Upon Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation and Predictions of Body Composition Responsiveness.
A 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled trial with 65 participants examined the effects of 3.2 g/day conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on plasma metabolome and body composition. CLA altered 57 metabolites related to lipid metabolism and improved body composition, with baseline metabolite profiling enhancing prediction of responsiveness to CLA.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid links reduced intestinal inflammation to amelioration of CNS autoimmunity.
The study investigates the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on CNS autoimmunity in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. It finds that conjugated linoleic acid ameliorates CNS autoimmunity, reduces intestinal inflammation, and enhances anti-inflammatory profiles in myeloid cells. A human pilot study with multiple sclerosis patients also showed enhanced anti-inflammatory profiles with conjugated linoleic acid supplementation.
Body Fat Changes and Liver Safety in Obese and Overweight Women Supplemented with Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A 12-Week Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
This 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the effects of 3 g/day conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body fat composition and liver safety in 74 overweight and obese women. CLA supplementation significantly reduced total body fat and increased lean body mass without adverse effects on liver function.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplements preserve muscle in high-body-fat adults: A double-blind, randomized, placebo trial.
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of 3.2 g/day conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition in 66 Chinese adults with elevated body fat percentage. The CLA group showed increased trunk muscle mass compared to the placebo group, with more pronounced effects in men and those with higher physical activity.
The effects of supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 clinical trials examining the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight and obese subjects. CLA supplementation was found to slightly reduce body weight and fat mass and increase lean body mass, though the effects were not clinically significant.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Serum Leptin Concentration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on serum leptin concentrations. CLA supplementation did not significantly reduce serum leptin levels overall, but showed significant reductions in males, overweight individuals, and studies lasting less than 8 weeks.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid as a Supplement or Enrichment in Foods on Blood Glucose and Waist Circumference in Humans: A Metaanalysis.
Meta-analysis of 32 randomized clinical trials examining the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation or enrichment in foods on fasting blood glucose and waist circumference in healthy adults. CLA did not significantly influence fasting blood glucose or waist circumference.
Association of conjugated linoleic acid consumption and liver enzymes in human studies: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials examining the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on serum liver enzymes in healthy adults. CLA supplementation was associated with a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, with no significant effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels.
Association of foods enriched in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and CLA supplements with lipid profile in human studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of human studies examining the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consumption, both as supplements and in enriched foods, on serum lipid profiles. CLA supplementation was associated with a significant decrease in LDL cholesterol, while foods enriched with CLA also significantly decreased LDL cholesterol levels.
The efficacy of long-term conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition in overweight and obese individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs evaluating long-term CLA supplementation on body composition in overweight and obese individuals. The meta-analysis found small statistically significant differences in weight and fat loss favoring CLA over placebo, but the clinical relevance is uncertain. Adverse events included constipation, diarrhea, and soft stools.
Dietary supplementation with cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid and aortic stiffness in overweight and obese adults.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 401 overweight and obese adults assessing the effect of c9,t11 CLA supplementation on aortic pulse wave velocity and cardiovascular risk factors. The study found no significant effect of CLA on aortic stiffness or cardiovascular risk factors.
A meta-analysis of the effects of conjugated linoleic acid on fat-free mass in humans.
Meta-analysis of 18 placebo-controlled trials assessing the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fat-free mass (FFM) in humans. CLA treatment resulted in a small increase in FFM, but the change was not significantly affected by treatment length or dosage.
Effects of various levels of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on fatty acid content and carcass composition of broilers.
The study investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, and fatty acid composition in broilers. CLA supplementation significantly reduced abdominal fat and increased liver weight, while also increasing saturated fatty acids in thigh muscle. CLA accumulation in meat increased with higher dietary levels.
Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for reducing fat mass: a meta-analysis in humans.
Meta-analysis of human studies evaluating the efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a dietary supplement for reducing fat mass. The analysis included 18 studies and found that CLA at a dose of 3.2 g/d produces a modest reduction in body fat compared to placebo.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in layer diet on fatty acid compositions of egg yolk and layer performances.
The study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in layer diets on egg yolk fatty acid composition and layer performance. CLA increased the concentration of CLA and saturated fatty acids in egg yolk lipids while decreasing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Higher CLA levels reduced egg size, yolk weight, and yolk color.
Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: a systematic review focusing on its effect on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism.
Systematic review of clinical trials on the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism in humans. The review finds insufficient evidence for CLA's effect on weight and body composition, but notes adverse effects on lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and inflammation.
Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk, plasma and liver as well as hepatic stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase activity and gene expression in laying hens.
The study investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk, plasma, and liver, as well as hepatic stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase-1 (SCD-1) activity and gene expression in 216 Brown Dwarf laying hens. CLA supplementation resulted in significant deposition of CLA in egg yolk, plasma, and liver lipids, increased saturated fatty acids, decreased monounsaturated fatty acids, and reduced SCD-1 activity and mRNA abundance at higher CLA levels.
Immunomodulatory properties of conjugated linoleic acid.
Systematic review of in vitro, animal, and human studies on conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) showing its immunomodulatory effects. CLA supplementation affects both innate and adaptive immune responses, reducing immune-induced wasting and enhancing lymphocyte proliferation. Distinct effects of CLA isomers on immune function are noted, with potential therapeutic applications for immune imbalances and inflammatory disorders.
The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Body Composition, Serum Insulin and Leptin in Obese Adults.
This randomized, double-blind clinical trial investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition and serum leptin and insulin levels in 54 obese adults. CLA supplementation significantly reduced body fat mass, body fat percentage, trunk fat, fasting plasma sugar, and serum leptin levels over 12 weeks, suggesting potential benefits for weight loss and hormone health.
Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid-Enriched Cheeses Influence the Levels of Circulating n-3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Humans.
The study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid-enriched cheeses on the n-3 HUFA score in healthy adults, comparing it to fish oil and linseed oil. ENCH cheese intake improved the n-3 HUFA score by increasing plasma DHA, with effects proportional to the CLA content.
Conjugated linoleic acid does not affect digestion and absorption of fat and starch-a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study.
RCT of 74 obese and overweight adults assessing the effect of 3-month CLA supplementation on fat and starch digestion and absorption. CLA did not affect digestion and absorption as measured by breath tests.
Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and concentrations of vitamin A and α-tocopherol in blood and milk of dairy cows.
RCT investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vitamin E on milk fatty acid composition and vitamin levels in dairy cows. CLA treatment increased the proportion of trans-10, cis-12 CLA in milk, while vitamin E influenced milk and serum levels of α-tocopherol. Combined treatment may enhance milk quality and antioxidative capacity.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on serum C-reactive protein: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 studies assessing the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on serum C-reactive protein (CRP). The meta-analysis found a significant increase in serum CRP concentrations following CLA supplementation, suggesting a proinflammatory effect.
Effects of Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Metformin on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Children: Randomized Clinical Trial.
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the effects of metformin and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on insulin sensitivity in obese children. CLA significantly improved insulin sensitivity and upregulated insulin receptor substrate 2 expression in muscle biopsies compared to placebo.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate.
The study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA) on the metabolism and physiological responses to oral nitrite and nitrate. cLA coadministration suppressed plasma nitrite and nitrate levels, decreased NO-deoxyhemoglobin formation, and inhibited platelet activation and vasodilation, while enhancing the formation of nitrated cLA products.
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on the nutritional status of COPD patients.
Double-blind clinical trial with 93 COPD patients, 90 of whom completed the study, investigating the effect of 3.2 g daily CLA supplementation for 6 weeks. CLA supplementation significantly increased appetite score, caloric intake, and macronutrient intake, while decreasing serum IL levels. BMI differences were not significant.
Twelve weeks CLA supplementation decreases the hip circumference in overweight and obese women. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 74 overweight and obese women evaluating the effect of 3.0 g/d CLA supplementation for 12 weeks. CLA significantly decreased hip circumference compared to placebo but had no effect on body weight, BMI, or waist circumference.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation has no Impact on Aerobic Capacity of Healthy Young Men.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 80 non-trained healthy young men receiving conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) or placebo for 8 weeks. CLA had no significant effect on VO2 max, time to exhaustion, weight, BMI, or waist circumference compared to placebo.
Impacts of CLA and dietary concentrate proportion on blood metabolite concentration and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of periparturient dairy cows.
The study examined the effects of supplemented CLA on metabolism and immune function in periparturient dairy cows receiving different concentrate proportions. CLA supplementation did not positively affect metabolism or immune function, and feeding CLA in a low-concentrate diet appeared to increase liver stress around calving.
Conjugated linoleic acid alters growth performance, tissue lipid deposition, and fatty acid composition of darkbarbel catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli).
A 76-day feeding trial investigated the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth, tissue lipid deposition, and fatty acid composition in darkbarbel catfish. CLA reduced liver and intraperitoneal fat lipid content and altered lipid metabolism enzyme activities. CLA deposition affected fatty acid profiles, particularly reducing monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Metabolism of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in humans.
The study investigated the plasma incorporation of c9,t11-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and its metabolites in healthy volunteers after daily dietary intakes of CLA in capsule form for two months. Results showed linear incorporation of CLA and its main metabolites in plasma, with the highest intake yielding concentrations close to those exerting nutritional effects in animal models.
Dietary combination effects of conjugated linoleic acid and flaxseed or fish oil on the concentration of linoleic and arachidonic acid in poultry meat.
This study investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) combined with n-3 fatty acids from flaxseed or fish oil on the fatty acid composition of broiler chicken meat. The combination of CLA and fish oil reduced arachidonic acid concentrations in chicken muscles compared to other diets, suggesting benefits in modifying fatty acid profiles in poultry.
Effects of lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on milk production, bioenergetic status and indicators of reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows.
RCT of 72 Holstein-Friesian cows comparing lipid-encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid (LE-CLA) supplementation to calcium salts of palm fatty acids. LE-CLA decreased milk fat concentration, improved energy balance and body condition score, and reduced peak NEFA concentration. No effect on insulin, glucose, IGF-I, BHBA, progesterone, or post-partum interval to first ovulation was observed.
Conjugated linoleic acid differentially regulates fat deposition in backfat and longissimus muscle of finishing pigs.
The study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on fat deposition in finishing pigs. CLA supplementation increased lean percentage and intramuscular fat content while reducing backfat depth and lipid oxidation. It also affected adipocyte proliferation, differentiation, gene expression, and metabolic enzyme activity.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat accretion in overweight or obese children.
A 7-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in 62 overweight or obese prepubertal children. CLA supplementation decreased body fatness and attenuated BMI increase compared to placebo, but did not improve plasma lipids or glucose and decreased HDL cholesterol more than placebo.
Effects of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on experimental human rhinovirus infection and illness.
Two randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on experimental human rhinovirus infection. Study 1 involved 50 participants and study 2 involved 80 participants. CLA supplementation showed no consistent effects on the virological or clinical course of HRV colds, with no significant differences in symptom severity scores or viral titres.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation enhances antihypertensive effect of ramipril in Chinese patients with obesity-related hypertension.
RCT of 80 obese individuals with stage 1 uncontrolled essential hypertension comparing 4.5 g/day CLA supplementation with ramipril to placebo with ramipril for 8 weeks. CLA significantly enhanced the reduction effect of ramipril on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased plasma adiponectin, and decreased plasma leptin and angiotensinogen concentrations.
Conjugated linoleic acid combined with creatine monohydrate and whey protein supplementation during strength training.
RCT examining the combined effects of conjugated linoleic acid, creatine, and whey protein supplementation during strength training in 69 participants. The CCP group showed greater increases in bench-press and leg-press strength and lean-tissue mass compared to other groups. Muscle thickness increased in all groups, and creatine groups showed less myofibrillar protein catabolism.
Comparison of dietary conjugated linoleic acid with safflower oil on body composition in obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This 36-week randomized, double-masked, crossover study compared the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and safflower oil (SAF) on body composition in 55 obese postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. CLA reduced BMI and total adipose mass without altering lean mass, while SAF reduced trunk adipose mass, increased lean mass, lowered fasting glucose, and increased adiponectin.
Effect of a conjugated linoleic acid and omega-3 fatty acid mixture on body composition and adiponectin.
Double-blind placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study on the effects of CLA and n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation on body composition and hormone levels in young and older, lean and obese men. CLA plus n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation prevented increased abdominal fat mass and raised fat-free mass and adiponectin levels in younger obese individuals without affecting insulin sensitivity, but increased fasting glucose in older obese men.
Effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid on the fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of egg yolks from different breeds of layers.
The study investigated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the fatty acid profile and cholesterol content of egg yolks from Brown Dwarf and White Leghorn hens. CLA increased the concentrations of total CLA and CLA isomers in yolk lipids and affected yolk cholesterol levels differently in the two breeds. The 5% dietary CLA treatment decreased feed intake and egg weight.
Six months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid induces regional-specific fat mass decreases in overweight and obese.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 118 overweight and obese adults supplemented with 3 x 4 g/d conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for 6 months. CLA significantly decreased body fat mass, particularly in the legs and in women with BMI >30 kg/m2, and increased lean body mass. Safety parameters remained within normal range.
Conjugated linoleic acid versus high-oleic acid sunflower oil: effects on energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, appetite and body composition in regularly exercising individuals.
This double-blind, randomized controlled trial studied the effects of 12 weeks of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition, energy metabolism, glucose tolerance, blood lipids, and appetite in 62 non-obese, regularly exercising individuals. CLA supplementation had a favorable effect on serum insulin and NEFA response to oral glucose in women, but no significant effects on body composition, energy expenditure, or appetite were observed.
Safety of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in a 12-weeks trial in healthy overweight Japanese male volunteers.
A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial investigated the short-term safety of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in 60 healthy overweight Japanese male volunteers over 12 weeks. The study found that adverse events were mild to moderate and temporary, with no significant differences in AST and ALT levels among groups, indicating that CLA at 3.4 g/day is a safe dietary level.
Descriptive flavor analysis of bacon and pork loin from lean-genotype gilts fed conjugated linoleic acid and supplemental fat.
This study evaluated the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and supplemental fat on the flavor characteristics of bacon and pork loin in lean-genotype gilts. The sensory panel found minimal flavor differences, suggesting consumer acceptance of pork products from pigs fed CLA will not likely differ from commodity pork products.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain.
RCT of 101 obese subjects assessing the effect of 1-year supplementation with 3.4 g/day CLA on body weight and fat regain. No significant difference in weight or fat mass regain was observed between the CLA and placebo groups. CLA supplementation led to a significant increase in leukocytes.
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation during resistance training.
RCT of 76 subjects examining the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation during resistance training. CLA group showed greater increases in lean tissue mass, greater losses of fat mass, and a smaller increase in muscle protein degradation compared to placebo. Males on CLA also had greater increases in bench press strength.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid enhances spleen PPAR-gamma mRNA expression in broiler chicks.
The study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on broiler chicks challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Chicks fed with CLA showed lower COX activities and PGE(2) production, and enhanced PPAR-gamma mRNA expression, suggesting immunomodulatory effects. However, CLA did not significantly reduce the increase in COX-2 and iNOS activities during the inflammatory response.
Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humans.
A 24-month study on CLA supplementation in healthy, overweight adults. The study found that CLA was well tolerated and reduced body fat mass in participants, particularly those who received placebo during the initial 12 months. No significant changes in lean body mass or bone mineral mass were observed.
Effect of dietary supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid on markers of calcium and bone metabolism in healthy adult men.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 60 healthy adult males assessing the effect of 3.0 g CLA supplementation on biomarkers of calcium and bone metabolism over 8 weeks. CLA supplementation did not significantly affect markers of bone formation or resorption, nor serum or urinary calcium levels.
Conjugated linoleic acid increased C-reactive protein in human subjects.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 53 human subjects supplemented with 4.2 g/d of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for 3 months. CLA supplementation increased levels of C-reactive protein, indicating increased inflammation, but no changes were detected in TNF-alpha, TNF-alpha receptors, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 180 healthy overweight adults examining the 1-year effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on body composition. CLA reduced body fat mass and increased lean body mass compared to placebo, with some changes in LDL, HDL, and lipoprotein(a) levels.
Effects of two conjugated linoleic Acid isomers on body fat mass in overweight humans.
This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study examined the effects of two conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers on body composition in 81 overweight, middle-aged men and women. Over 18 weeks, CLA supplementation showed no statistically significant effect on body fat mass, lean body mass, or dietary intake compared to placebo.
Opposing effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid on blood lipids in healthy humans.
RCT investigating the effects of cis-9,trans-11 and trans-10,cis-12 CLA isomers on body composition, blood lipid profile, and insulin resistance markers in healthy men. Trans-10,cis-12 CLA increased LDL:HDL and total:HDL cholesterol ratios, while cis-9,trans-11 CLA decreased them. No significant effects on body composition or insulin resistance markers were observed.
Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on appetite and food intake in overweight subjects.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT of 54 overweight subjects studying the effects of 13 weeks of CLA supplementation on body-weight maintenance, appetite, and energy intake after weight loss. CLA increased feelings of fullness and satiety and decreased hunger, but did not affect energy intake at breakfast or body weight regain.
Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-dependent oxidative stress and elevated C-reactive protein: a potential link to fatty acid-induced insulin resistance.
Double-blind placebo-controlled trial of 60 men with metabolic syndrome receiving t10c12 CLA, a CLA mixture, or placebo for 12 weeks. t10c12 CLA supplementation increased oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, with a significant increase in 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and C-reactive protein, and was related to aggravated insulin resistance.
Addition of conjugated linoleic acid to a herbal anticellulite pill.
RCT investigating the effect of a herbal anticellulite pill with or without conjugated linoleic acid on visible cellulite in the thighs of 60 female volunteers over 60 days. The combination treatment improved skin appearance and reduced thigh circumference in 75% of participants.
Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans.
A randomized, double-blind study with 60 overweight or obese volunteers investigated the dose-response relationship of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on body fat mass (BFM). CLA groups showed a significantly higher reduction in BFM compared to placebo, with significant reductions in the 3.4 and 6.8 g CLA groups. No significant differences were observed in lean body mass, BMI, blood safety variables, or blood lipids.
Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in men with abdominal obesity.
RCT investigating the effects of CLA supplementation on lipid peroxidation in middle-aged men with abdominal obesity. Significant increases in urinary levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 15-oxo-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) were observed after 1 month of CLA intake, indicating increased lipid peroxidation. No effects on serum alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol levels or urinary levels of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B(2) were found.
Conjugated linoleic acid induces lipid peroxidation in humans.
The study investigates the effects of dietary supplementation of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lipid peroxidation in healthy human subjects over 3 months. A significant increase in urinary levels of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and 15-keto-dihydro-PGF(2alpha) was observed, indicating increased lipid peroxidation. CLA had no effect on serum alpha-tocopherol levels but increased gamma-tocopherol levels significantly.
Hyperglycaemia in transition dairy cows: Effects of lactational stage and conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on glucose metabolism and turnover.
RCT investigating the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on glucose metabolism and turnover in transition dairy cows. CLA supplementation affected insulin concentrations and sensitivity, and influenced cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, suggesting beneficial effects on hepatic lipid export and preservation of body reserves without affecting performance.
The effect of conjugated linoleic acid, acetate, and their interaction on adipose tissue lipid metabolism in nonlactating cows.
The study investigated the effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and acetate on adipose tissue lipogenesis in nonlactating dairy cows. CLA increased plasma CLA concentration and insulin levels, while acetate and CLA together increased nonesterified fatty acids. CLA reduced the expression of key lipogenic factors and enzymes, indicating anti-lipogenic effects at the transcription level.
Conjugated linoleic acid improves glycemic response, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
RCT of 38 obese NAFLD patients comparing CLA supplementation with a weight loss diet and vitamin E to a control group with only diet and vitamin E. CLA improved insulin resistance, lipid profile, oxidative stress, and liver function, suggesting it as an effective complementary treatment in NAFLD.
Anti-inflammatory effects of conjugated linoleic acid on young athletic males.
RCT conducted on 23 young healthy male athletes to assess the effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on inflammatory factors during exhaustive exercise. The supplemented group showed significant decreases in serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and tumour necrosis factor alpha compared to the control group.
Effects of whole linseed and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid enriched diets on beef quality.
RCT evaluating the effects of whole linseed and rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid enriched diets on beef quality in 48 Friesian calves. Linseed enriched diets increased drip loss and intramuscular fat, while CLA increased hue and yellowness. Linseed decreased fat odour but increased beef and liver flavours. Several organoleptic properties improved with linseed inclusion.
Supplementation with a 9c,11t-rich conjugated linoleic acid blend shows no clear inhibitory effects on platelet function in healthy subjects at low and moderate cardiovascular risk: a randomized controlled trial.
RCT investigating the effects of 9c,11t-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA80:20) supplementation on platelet function in 43 healthy adults at low to moderate cardiovascular risk. No significant effects on platelet function were observed compared to placebo, though some sex-dependent effects were noted.
Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Associated With Aerobic Exercise on Body Fat and Lipid Profile in Obese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, and Placebo-Controlled Trial.
RCT of 28 obese women assessing the effects of 8 weeks of CLA supplementation combined with aerobic exercise on body fat and lipid profile. CLA supplementation showed no significant effect on body fat reduction or lipid profile improvements compared to placebo.
CLA supplementation and aerobic exercise lower blood triacylglycerol, but have no effect on peak oxygen uptake or cardiorespiratory fatigue thresholds.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 6 weeks of CLA supplementation and moderate aerobic exercise on various health markers in 34 untrained to moderately trained men. CLA supplementation lowered serum triacylglycerol concentrations but had no significant effect on peak oxygen uptake or cardiorespiratory fatigue thresholds.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation and feeding level on dairy performance, milk fatty acid composition, and body fat changes in mid-lactation goats.
This study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation and feeding level on dairy performance, milk fatty acid composition, and body fat changes in mid-lactation goats. CLA supplementation reduced milk fat content and fat yield by 17% and 19%, respectively, independent of feeding level. It improved calculated net energy for lactation balance but had no effect on dry matter intake, milk yield, protein, and lactose yields.
Oral conjugated linoleic acid supplementation enhanced glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle.
Cross-over trial with 12 male participants examined the effects of CLA supplementation (3.8 g/day for 8 weeks) on glycogen resynthesis in exercised human skeletal muscle. CLA enhanced muscle glycogen content after exercise, with increased glucose transporter type 4 expression, but impaired glucose tolerance and no effect on fat oxidation.
A proof of principle clinical trial to determine whether conjugated linoleic acid modulates the lipogenic pathway in human breast cancer tissue.
Open label study of CLA administration in women with Stage I-III breast cancer to assess its effect on fatty acid synthesis markers in tumor tissue. CLA treatment decreased S14 expression and Ki-67 scores, indicating reduced tumor proliferation, with no significant toxicity observed.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation and exercise on post-heparin lipoprotein lipase, butyrylcholinesterase, blood lipid profile and glucose metabolism in young men.
This randomized double-blind study investigated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation and exercise on various metabolic parameters in 18 sedentary young men. CLA supplementation and exercise both decreased BChE, leptin, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels, and increased PH-LPL activity, but CLA was not more effective than exercise alone.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid and high oleic acid safflower oil in the treatment of children with HPV-induced laryngeal papillomatosis: a randomized, double-blinded and crossover preliminary study.
A randomized, double-blinded, crossover trial evaluated the effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and high oleic safflower oil (HOSF) on children with HPV-induced laryngeal papillomatosis. The study found that CLA, and to a lesser extent HOSF, reduced the number of surgical procedures needed during the trial, with some children achieving remission. No harmful effects were observed, but immune enhancement could not be demonstrated.
Effects of long-term supplementation of dairy cow diets with rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) on performance, metabolic parameters and fatty acid profile in milk fat.
RCT examining long-term effects of dietary CLA supplementation in dairy cows on performance, metabolic parameters, and milk fat profile. CLA supplementation reduced dry matter intake and milk fat content but did not improve energy balance or cause milk fat depression.
Effect of a rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid mixture on hepatic lipid metabolism in heifers.
RCT assessing the effects of rumen-protected conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on hepatic lipid metabolism in 36 growing heifers. CLA supplementation had no effect on animal performance, liver weight, hepatic triglyceride concentration, or mRNA expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism. The study concludes that dietary CLA does not induce fatty liver development in heifers.
Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 8 weeks does not affect body composition, lipid profile, or safety biomarkers in overweight, hyperlipidemic men.
A double-blinded, 3-phase crossover trial investigated the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on body composition, blood lipids, and safety biomarkers in 27 overweight, hyperlipidemic men. CLA supplementation for 8 weeks did not affect body weight, body composition, blood lipids, fatty acid oxidation, or safety markers compared to control.
Physiological and conjugated linoleic acid-induced changes of adipocyte size in different fat depots of dairy cows during early lactation.
The study investigated the effects of lactation and CLA supplementation on adipocyte sizes in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots of primiparous dairy cows during early lactation. CLA supplementation led to decreased adipocyte sizes in various fat depots, indicating potential lipolytic or antilipogenic effects.
Combined effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid, propionate, and acetate on milk fat yield and composition in dairy cows.
The study investigated the combined effects of trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), propionate, and acetate on milk fat yield and composition in dairy cows using a 6×6 Latin square design. CLA and propionate decreased milk fat content and yield, while acetate increased milk fat content but not yield. The effects of CLA and propionate were additive, with propionate enhancing the milk fat reduction induced by CLA.
Conjugated linoleic acid improves airway hyper-reactivity in overweight mild asthmatics.
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 28 overweight adults with mild asthma. CLA supplementation at 4.5 g/day for 12 weeks improved airway hyperresponsiveness and reduced BMI compared to placebo.
Transfer of conjugated linoleic acid from sows to their offspring and its impact on the fatty acid profiles of plasma, muscle, and subcutaneous fat in piglets.
This study investigated the transfer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from sows to their offspring and its impact on fatty acid profiles in piglets. Eighteen pregnant sows were fed diets with varying CLA levels during gestation and lactation. CLA supplementation affected fatty acid profiles in colostrum and milk and increased CLA content in piglet plasma, backfat, and muscle.
Isomer-specific effects of CLA on gene expression in human adipose tissue depending on PPARgamma2 P12A polymorphism: a double blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study.
Double blind, randomized, controlled cross-over study investigating the effects of CLA supplementation on gene expression in adipose tissue of men with different PPARgamma2 genotypes. CLA regulated genes involved in lipid metabolism and insulin signaling, with isomer-specific and genotype-dependent effects.
Conjugated linoleic acid isomers, t10c12 and c9t11, are differentially incorporated into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans.
This RCT studied the incorporation of CLA isomers t10c12 and c9t11 into adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in healthy, regularly-exercising, non-obese persons. The CLA group ingested 3.9 g per day of CLA, and results showed isomer-specific incorporation into tissues, with t10c12 in adipose tissue and c9t11 in skeletal muscle.
Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in sows on performance and immunoglobulin concentration in piglets.
RCT studying the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation in sows on piglet performance and immunoglobulin concentration. CLA supplementation increased piglet body weight at weaning and improved immune components, such as colostral and serum immunoglobulin titers.
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid plus n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on insulin secretion and estimated insulin sensitivity in men.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial testing the effects of CLA plus n-3 LC-PUFA on insulin secretion and sensitivity in lean and obese young and older men. The combination did not significantly affect insulin secretion or sensitivity in most groups, but reduced insulin sensitivity in older obese subjects.