Research
Citrulline Malate
45 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Resistance-Trained Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the effects of citrulline malate supplementation on muscle strength in resistance-trained adults. The analysis involved four studies and 138 assessments, finding no significant overall effect of citrulline malate on muscle strength.
Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate on Repetition Performance During Strength Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This meta-analysis examined the effect of citrulline malate supplementation on repetition performance during strength training. Eight studies with 137 participants were included, showing that supplementing with 6-8 g of citrulline malate before exercise increased repetitions by 6.4% compared to placebo, indicating a small ergogenic effect.
Impact of Chronic Nitrate and Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Performance and Recovery in Spanish Professional Female Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with 34 professional female soccer players examined the effects of a four-week supplementation of nitrate from amaranth extract and citrulline malate. The supplementation increased maximal speed and preserved anaerobic performance post-match, suggesting enhanced tolerance to high training loads and sustained nitric oxide availability during recovery.
The Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplement Applied in Addition to Fitness Trainings on Hormone Metabolism of Athletes
RCT investigating the effect of citrulline malate supplementation on hormone metabolism in 30 male athletes undergoing fitness training. The experimental group showed significant changes in ACTH, cortisol, and total testosterone levels compared to the control group, suggesting a positive impact on hormone metabolism and performance.
Effects of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on CrossFit® Exercise Performance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study investigated the acute effects of citrulline malate supplementation on CrossFit® performance and cardiovascular function in 21 recreationally active participants. No significant difference was found in the number of rounds completed between the CM and placebo conditions, but time spent in a higher heart rate zone was increased with CM, suggesting potential benefits for aerobic capacity.
Acute Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping After Exercise in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
RCT evaluating the impact of a single dose of citrulline malate on nocturnal blood pressure dipping after exercise in hypertensive individuals. No significant changes in nocturnal blood pressure dip were found, but a notable reduction in diastolic blood pressure was observed during the waking period and over the 24-hour monitoring period.
Improvement of Muscular Strength and Anaerobic Power in Middle-Aged Men after Consumption of Citrulline Malate Supplementation
This double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the acute effects of citrulline malate supplementation on maximal strength and anaerobic capacity in 16 middle-aged male tennis players. The study found that citrulline malate significantly improved peak and mean anaerobic power, vertical jump performance, and grip strength compared to placebo.
Effects of 3 days of citrulline malate supplementation on short-duration repeated sprint running performance in male team sport athletes.
In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over RCT, 13 male university-level team sport athletes took citrulline malate or placebo for 3 days. Citrulline malate supplementation resulted in a lower sprint performance decrement during repeated sprint performance, indicating improved physical performance.
Evaluating the Impact of Active and Passive Recovery Strategies and Citrulline-Malate Supplementation in Wrestling: Do the Results Add Up?
This study investigated the impact of active and passive recovery strategies and Citrulline-Malate supplementation on performance and biomarkers in 12 young, trained wrestlers during a simulated wrestling tournament. The results showed no significant effects of Citrulline-Malate supplementation versus placebo on performance tests and biomarkers, although some differences were observed in recovery strategies for specific biomarkers and tests.
Citrulline Malate Fails to Improve Repeated 300 m Swimming Times in Highly Trained Swimmers
Double-blind, randomised, crossover study with 11 national-level swimmers testing 15 g citrulline malate vs placebo before six 300 m freestyle bouts. No improvement in swimming times or physiological measures was observed with citrulline malate ingestion.
Effect of isolated and combined ingestion of caffeine and citrulline malate on resistance exercise and jumping performance: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study.
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study explored the effects of caffeine and citrulline malate (CitMal) on resistance exercise and jumping performance in 35 resistance-trained males and females. Isolated caffeine and combined caffeine with CitMal enhanced muscular strength and endurance, but isolated CitMal did not show an ergogenic effect.
Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation Does Not Improve Anaerobic Capacity in Healthy Young Adults: A Pilot Study
This pilot study investigated the ergogenic properties of citrulline malate during a 300-yard shuttle run in 32 recreationally active subjects. The study found no improvement in anaerobic performance with citrulline malate supplementation.
Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation Increases Total Work in Short Lower-Body Isokinetic Tasks for Recreationally Active Females During Menstruation.
This study evaluated the acute effects of citrulline-malate supplementation on lower-body isokinetic performance in recreationally active women during menstruation. Nineteen women participated in a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Citrulline-malate significantly increased total work completed during short isokinetic tasks but did not enhance performance in longer tasks.
EFFECT OF A NITRIC OXIDE PRE-WORKOUT SUPPLEMENT ON MUSCULAR ENDURANCE
A randomized crossover study investigated the effect of a citrulline malate-based nitric oxide pre-workout supplement on YMCA bench press performance. The supplement increased resting heart rate but had no significant effect on the number of repetitions performed, indicating no significant impact on upper body muscular endurance.
The Effect of a Single Dose of Citrulline on the Physical Performance of Soccer-Specific Exercise in Adult Elite Soccer Players (A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Trial).
This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of a single intake of citrulline at 3 g and 6 g doses in 18 elite soccer players. The study found no statistically significant differences in physical performance, subjective feelings of fatigue, or post-exercise recovery.
Effect of one-week supplementation of Citrulline-malate, L-arginine and their combination on CK, LDH and CRP levels in male wrestlers following simulated wrestling test
RCT evaluating the effect of one-week supplementation of citrulline-malate, L-arginine, and their combination on CK, LDH, and CRP levels in male wrestlers. Citrulline-malate and the combination with L-arginine attenuated exercise-induced increases in CK, while L-arginine alone had no significant effect.
Effects of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Aerobic and Muscular Endurance in Young Adults Men
RCT evaluating the effects of citrulline malate supplementation on aerobic and muscular endurance in 18 young adult men. No significant differences were found between the citrulline malate and placebo groups in endurance tests, maximal heart rate, or perceived exertion, although mean heart rate was lower in the citrulline group during the maximal test.
Acute and Chronic Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Contractile Properties and Fatigue Rate of the Quadriceps.
This study compared the acute and chronic impact of citrulline malate supplementation on muscle contractile properties and fatigue rate of the quadriceps in 18 recreationally trained males. The results showed no significant effect of citrulline malate on peak power, peak torque, fatigue rate, or heart rate compared to placebo.
Acute citrulline-malate supplementation is ineffective during aerobic cycling and subsequent anaerobic performance in recreationally active males.
RCT with 28 recreationally active males examining the effects of acute citrulline-malate supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic cycling performance. The study found no significant ergogenic benefit of citrulline-malate on time-to-exhaustion or total work completed during aerobic cycling, nor on mean or peak watts during anaerobic cycling.
Acute effects of Nitrosigine® and citrulline malate on vasodilation in young adults.
RCT investigating the effects of Nitrosigine and citrulline malate on vasodilation in 24 young adults. Both supplements significantly increased flow-mediated dilation compared to placebo, suggesting potential improvements in exercise performance.
Citrulline malate supplementation does not improve German Volume Training performance or reduce muscle soreness in moderately trained males and females.
RCT assessing the effects of 8g citrulline malate supplementation on anaerobic performance in recreationally active men and women using a German Volume Training protocol. No significant improvement in performance was observed, and muscle soreness was higher in the citrulline malate group compared to placebo.
Development of HPLC methods for determination of citrulline malate impurities
The paper describes the development of HPLC methods for determining impurities in citrulline malate raw material, focusing on fumaric acid, maleic acid, and N-acetylornithine. The methods were validated for accuracy and reliability, confirming their suitability for quality control in the dietary supplement industry.
Pharmacoinformational, gerontoinformational and chemoreactomic analysis of the molecule of citrulline malate, carnitine, sulbutiamine and meldonium to identify the molecular mechanisms of antiasthenic action
The paper presents a pharmacoinformatic and chemoreactomic analysis of citrulline malate, carnitine, sulbutiamine, and meldonium, focusing on their molecular mechanisms of antiasthenic action. Citrulline malate showed unique pharmacological effects, including cholinergic, antidepressant, and lipid-modifying effects, and suggested antiasthenic effects in certain conditions. A positive dose-dependent effect on lifespan in model organisms was also noted.
Inter-Individual Responses to Citrulline Malate Oral Supplementation on Post-Exercise Hypotension in Hypertensives: A 24-Hour Analysis.
RCT analyzing the effects of citrulline malate supplementation on post-exercise hypotension in hypertensive individuals. The study found that citrulline malate, especially when combined with exercise, increased post-exercise hypotensive effects and reduced the prevalence of non-responders.
Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Energy Metabolism and Blood Flow During Submaximal Resistance Exercise.
Randomized, double-blind, crossover study investigating the effects of citrulline malate and beetroot juice on blood pressure, blood flow, and energy efficiency during submaximal leg extension in 27 recreationally active males. Results suggest neither supplement significantly influences resting BP, blood flow, or metabolic efficiency during exercise.
Effects of Citrulline Malate and Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Blood Flow, Energy Metabolism, and Performance During Maximum Effort Leg Extension Exercise.
Randomized, double-blind, crossover study evaluating the effects of citrulline malate and beetroot juice supplementation on blood flow, metabolic efficiency, and performance during maximal isokinetic leg extension exercise in 27 recreationally active men. While beetroot juice increased NOx levels, neither supplement enhanced performance, blood flow, metabolic efficiency, nor hormonal response.
The Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Muscle Fatigue Among Healthy Participants.
RCT examining the effects of citrulline malate supplementation on muscle fatigue in 12 healthy, recreationally trained participants. The study found no significant effects of citrulline malate on peak torque, peak power, rate of fatigue, or blood lactate accumulation compared to placebo and control.
Citrulline Malate Fails to Improve German Volume Training Performance in Healthy Young Men and Women.
A double-blind, counter-balanced, randomized control trial assessed the effects of citrulline malate (CM) on resistance training performance in 19 participants. The study found no effect of CM on performance in a German Volume Training protocol, but total muscle soreness was significantly reduced in the CM group compared to placebo.
Acute Effect of Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Upper-Body Resistance Exercise Performance in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men.
RCT investigating the effect of citrulline malate supplementation on upper-body resistance exercise performance in 12 recreationally resistance-trained men. Supplementation with 8 g of citrulline malate did not increase exercise performance, augment muscle swelling, or alter subjective measures of focus, energy, and fatigue.
The Effect of Citrulline/Malate on Blood Lactate Levels in Intensive Exercise.
RCT examining the effects of Citrulline/Malate supplementation on blood lactate levels in active handball players during intensive training. The stimol group showed a significant decrease in blood lactate levels, suggesting Citrulline/Malate may enhance performance and delay fatigue.
Citrulline Malate Does Not Improve Muscle Recovery after Resistance Exercise in Untrained Young Adult Men
Double-blind crossover study with 9 untrained young adult men assessing the effects of 6 g citrulline malate supplementation on muscle recovery after high-intensity resistance exercise. No significant differences were found between citrulline malate and placebo conditions in terms of muscle recovery indicators.
Acute citrulline-malate supplementation improves maximal strength and anaerobic power in female, masters athletes tennis players.
RCT examining the effects of acute citrulline-malate supplementation on grip strength, vertical power, and anaerobic cycling performance in 17 female masters tennis players. Citrulline-malate improved maximal and average grip strength, peak power, and explosive power compared to placebo.
Acute Citrulline-Malate Supplementation and High-Intensity Cycling Performance.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study on 10 well-trained males examining the effects of 12 g citrulline-malate supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance. No significant ergogenic benefits were observed in terms of time-to-exhaustion, peak power, or mean power compared to placebo.
Acute citrulline malate supplementation improves upper- and lower-body submaximal weightlifting exercise performance in resistance-trained females.
RCT with 15 resistance-trained females evaluating acute citrulline malate supplementation on weightlifting performance. CM improved upper- and lower-body exercise performance and decreased perceived exertion during upper-body exercises compared to placebo.
Effects of Supplemental Citrulline-Malate Ingestion on Blood Lactate, Cardiovascular Dynamics, and Resistance Exercise Performance in Trained Males.
Randomized, double-blind study with 14 resistance-trained males comparing citrulline-malate (CM) to placebo. CM ingestion significantly increased repetitions in chin-ups, reverse chin-ups, and push-ups. Blood lactate showed a time effect, but no treatment differences. Diastolic BP indicated treatment differences for CM.
Citrulline malate enhances athletic anaerobic performance and relieves muscle soreness.
RCT with 41 men using a crossover design to test the effects of 8g citrulline malate on anaerobic performance and muscle soreness. Citrulline malate significantly increased repetitions in bench press and decreased muscle soreness 24 and 48 hours post-exercise.
[Autonomic disorders in persons with asthenic syndrome and their correction with citrulline malate].
The study investigated psychoautonomic correlations in 15 patients with psychogenic asthenia and used citrulline malate (stimol) to correct asthenic manifestations. The substance was found to relieve psychoautonomic disorders by increasing power capacities of the cells and synthesis of biologically active substances.
Activity of citrulline malate on acid-base balance and blood ammonia and amino acid levels. Study in the animal and in man.
The study evaluated the pharmacological activity of citrulline malate in humans and animals using a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over technique. Citrulline malate was found to stimulate hepatic ureogenesis and enhance renal bicarbonate reabsorption, providing protection against acidosis and ammonia poisoning, which explains its anti-fatigue properties.
Хемореактомный анализ молекул цитруллина и малата
Chemoreactome simulation study of citrulline malate, comparing its biological activities to acetylcarnitine and meldonium. Citrulline malate shows potential antidepressant, anxiolytic, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, hypoglycemic, antihypercholesterolemic, and antimicrobial effects, contributing to recovery from asthenia and strenuous exercise.
CITRULLINE MALATE IN MEDICAL AND SPORT APPLICATIONS
This narrative review examines citrulline malate supplementation, focusing on its pharmacokinetics, medical applications, and ergogenic benefits. It highlights positive impacts on pulmonary hypertension, metabolic conditions, erectile dysfunction, and atherosclerosis, as well as its role in enhancing exercise performance by delaying fatigue and reducing muscle soreness.
Corrigendum to "Overview of mechanisms related to citrulline malate supplementation and different methods of high-intensity interval training on sports performance: A narrative review" [Volume 11, Issue 4, 28 February 2025, e42649].
Corrigendum to a narrative review discussing the mechanisms of citrulline malate supplementation and high-intensity interval training on sports performance.
Overview of mechanisms related to citrulline malate supplementation and different methods of high-intensity interval training on sports performance: A narrative review
This narrative review examines the mechanisms of Citrulline Malate (CM) supplementation and various modes of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on exercise performance. CM is highlighted as a nitric-oxide enhancer that improves aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance by increasing muscle ATP production, vasodilation, and blood flow, thereby boosting work capacity.
Impact of citrulline malate supplementation on exercise performance and muscle regeneration
Narrative review of citrulline malate supplementation, discussing its potential to enhance blood flow and improve exercise performance and muscle recovery. The evidence base is insufficient for clear conclusions, but indications suggest potential benefits with proper dosage.
A critical review of citrulline malate supplementation and exercise performance
Narrative review of citrulline malate (CM) supplementation as a nitric oxide enhancer and its potential effects on resistance and high-intensity exercise performance and muscle recovery. The review highlights mixed results from studies, methodological discrepancies, and the need for further research to determine optimal dosing and efficacy.
Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of a health claim related to citrulline malate and faster recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise pursuant to Article 13(5) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006
The paper evaluates the scientific substantiation of a health claim related to citrulline-malate and faster recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise. The Panel concludes that a cause and effect relationship has not been established between the consumption of citrulline-malate and faster recovery from muscle fatigue after exercise.