Research
Chitosan
58 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Therapeutic Potential of Chitosan Nasal Gel in Addressing Olfactory Dysfunction: A Clinical Trial and Mechanistic Study.
A randomized, double-blind trial with 215 participants evaluated chitosan nasal gel for persistent olfactory dysfunction. The chitosan group showed improved olfactory function and reduced calcium levels in nasal secretions, though the improvement did not reach clinical significance. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Chitosan's Ability to Remove the Smear Layer-A Systematic Review of Ex Vivo Studies.
This systematic review compared the effect of chitosan in smear layer removal with other chelators during root canal treatment. Six ex vivo studies were included, with findings suggesting chitosan is as effective as EDTA and more effective than MTAD in some cases. The review highlights chitosan as a promising irrigation solution, though a standardized protocol is needed.
toxicity of chitosan-based nanoparticles: a systematic review.
Systematic review of toxicity studies on chitosan-based nanoparticles used as drug carriers. The review summarizes research on the safety profile, focusing on general toxicity tests to determine LD50 and NOAEL values. Results show favorable toxicity profiles, often with reduced toxicity compared to free drugs, across various administration routes.
Chitosan Nanoparticles as an Alternative Therapeutic Approach for Knee Osteoarthritis Treatment: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of chitosan nanoparticles as a therapeutic approach for knee osteoarthritis. Chitosan NPs offer improved bioavailability, sustained drug release, and targeted delivery, showing potential in cartilage regeneration and drug delivery in preclinical models.
Functionalization Strategies of Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with Growth Factors for Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review evaluating strategies for applying chitosan-based scaffolds with growth factors in bone regeneration. BMP-2 was the most frequently investigated growth factor, with studies in in vitro and in vivo models. Most studies reported enhanced bone regeneration, with improved osteoblast proliferation, angiogenesis, and bone density.
Antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan versus sodium hypochlorite: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis compared the antibacterial efficacy of chitosan/chitosan nanoparticles versus sodium hypochlorite/chlorhexidine. Results showed no difference in efficacy between Ch/Ch-NPs and NaOCl using standardized mean difference. However, NaOCl was more effective using the bacterial culture method, while Ch/Ch-NPs was more effective using confocal laser scanning microscopy.
Chitosan for the treatment of inflammation of the oral mucosa: A systematic review.
Systematic review of 5 clinical trials with 192 participants assessing chitosan for oral mucositis. Results suggest chitosan may reduce pain and improve ulcer healing, but evidence is not conclusive compared to other therapies.
Chitosan coatings on titanium-based implants - From development to characterization and behavior: A systematic review.
Systematic review of in vitro studies evaluating chitosan coatings on titanium implants. The review assessed physical, chemical, microbiological, and biological properties, finding efficacy in antibacterial activity and osteoblast viability dependent on material class.
Smear layer removal and antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan as a root canal irrigant: a systematic review of in-vitro studies.
Systematic review of in-vitro studies evaluating chitosan as a root canal irrigant. Chitosan was found to remove the smear layer more effectively than citric and acetic acids and demonstrated comparable antibacterial efficacy to chlorhexidine and propolis, but was less effective than sodium hypochlorite. The review highlights substantial heterogeneity in study methodologies and recommends further research.
The effectiveness of chitosan as a hemostatic in dentistry in patients with antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy: systematic review with meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of chitosan as a hemostatic agent in dentistry for patients on antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy. The analysis showed a significant reduction in bleeding time for patients treated with chitosan-based hemostatic dressings.
The comparative of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle versus ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on the smear layer removal: A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro study.
This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effectiveness of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles versus EDTA in removing the smear layer from tooth surfaces. The analysis of seven in vitro studies found no significant difference between the substances in smear layer removal across different tooth segments.
Effect of Chitosan on the Number ofin Saliva: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.
Meta-analysis and systematic review investigating the efficacy of chitosan-containing chewing gums in reducing bacterial counts in saliva. The study included four articles in the qualitative synthesis and three in the quantitative synthesis, showing that chitosan reduced the number of bacteria, indicating some antibacterial effects.
Chitosan-Based Scaffolds for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of chitosan-based scaffolds for myocardial infarction treatment. Chitosan scaffolds show potential in restoring heart functions, improving angiogenesis, and stimulating cell differentiation, offering a promising regenerative therapy for cardiovascular diseases.
The effect of chitosan supplementation on liver function, hepatic steatosis predictors, and metabolic indicators in adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, clinical trial.
RCT of 72 adults with NAFLD comparing 1.5g/day chitosan supplementation to placebo for 8 weeks. Chitosan reduced weight, waist circumference, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) compared to placebo, suggesting potential benefits for NAFLD management.
Efficacy of Continuous Chelation With Etidronate And Sequential Chelation With Chitosan On Bacterial Reduction In Teeth With Pulp Necrosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.
This double-blind, randomized clinical trial compared the efficacy of continuous chelation with etidronate and sequential chelation with chitosan to traditional chelation with EDTA in reducing bacterial levels in teeth with necrotic pulp. All three irrigation protocols significantly reduced bacterial levels, with no significant differences among the groups.
The Effect of Chitosan Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota and Various Health Factors in Icelandic Females: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.
This placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial evaluated the effects of chitosan supplementation on gut microbiota composition and various health factors in 60 Icelandic females over 12 weeks. Chitosan supplementation altered gut microbiota composition, including increased Actinobacteriota abundance and shifts in specific genera, without affecting general health status.
The Effect of Modified Chitosan Medical Membrane on the Inflammation and Recurrence After Primary Pterygium Excision: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Study.
Prospective RCT of 54 patients undergoing primary pterygium excision with adjunctive amniotic membrane transplantation. The study compared traditional AMT to AMT with modified chitosan medical membrane (MCMM) implantation. MCMM significantly reduced IL-8 and TNF-α levels in tear fluid, indicating reduced ocular surface inflammation, but did not significantly affect long-term recurrence rates.
Effectiveness of antibacterial therapeutic clothing vs. nonantibacterial therapeutic clothing in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: a randomized controlled observer-blind pragmatic trial (ABC trial).
RCT comparing antibacterial therapeutic clothing (chitosan or silver) to standard therapeutic clothing in 159 patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis over 52 weeks. No significant differences in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores were found between groups, though the silver group performed worse after 26 weeks. No severe adverse events or silver absorption were observed.
Efficacy of chitosan powder in reducing vaginal bleeding following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure: A randomized control trial.
RCT evaluating the efficacy of topical chitosan powder in reducing postoperative vaginal bleeding following a loop electrosurgical excision procedure. The chitosan group showed significantly lower median vaginal blood loss and improved cervical wound healing compared to the control group.
Course-based intra-articular injection of medical chitosan mitigates excessive deposition of triacylglycerides in the synovial tissue of the knee osteoarthritis.
RCT investigating the efficacy of intra-articular injections of medical chitosan for knee osteoarthritis. The CSI group showed prolonged survival before knee arthroplasty and reduced deposition of triacylglycerides in synovial tissue compared to the OA group.
Effectiveness of chitosan phonophoresis on ulnar nerve conduction velocity, pain relief, and functional outcomes for mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.
Double-blind RCT assessing chitosan phonophoresis on ulnar nerve conduction, pain, and functional outcomes in 54 individuals with mild to moderate cubital tunnel syndrome. The experimental group showed significant improvements in nerve conduction velocity, pain reduction, and hand function compared to the control group.
Inferior Long-Term Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Initially Demonstrating Enhanced Sensory Nerve Recovery Using a Chitosan Nerve Tube.
RCT evaluating long-term outcomes of chitosan tube implants for peripheral nerve injuries. Patients with the first tube version had higher pain levels and more symptoms of numbness and hypersensitivity after 5 years. The second version showed higher pain levels at 3 months but compromised sensory function. No differences in grip force or functional scores were found. Tube remnants were observed at long-term follow-up.
Chitosan combined with intrauterine device prevents intrauterine adhesions after hysteroscopic adhesiolysis: A target trial emulation study.
Retrospective cohort study emulating a target trial to compare chitosan and IUD combination with IUD alone in 303 patients with moderate-to-severe intrauterine adhesions post-hysteroscopic adhesiolysis. The chitosan group showed significantly better adhesion scores, menstruation conditions, endometrial thickness, clinical pregnancy rate, and quality of life.
Er:YAG laser in selective caries removal and dentin treatment with chitosan: a randomized clinical trial in primary molars.
This randomized clinical trial evaluated the effect of chitosan on dentin treatment after selective caries removal with Er:YAG laser in children with active carious lesions. The study found that the Er:YAG laser significantly reduced Streptococcus mutans, and chitosan showed an additional antibacterial effect. No significant differences were observed in retention and secondary caries criteria over time, but the laser-treated group showed greater discoloration and marginal adaptation after 1 year.
Comparison of the efficacy of autologous platelet gel and medical chitosan in the prevention of recurrence of intrauterine adhesions after transcervical resection of adhesion: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.
A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of autologous platelet gel (APG) and medical chitosan in preventing recurrence of intrauterine adhesions after transcervical resection. The APG group showed a significantly lower recurrence rate of adhesions and better AFS score reduction compared to the medical chitosan group.
A comparison of effectiveness between Posisep and Merocel nasal packing after endoscopic sinus surgery: Findings from a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial.
RCT comparing the effectiveness of Posisep (containing chitosan) and Merocel as nasal packing materials after endoscopic sinus surgery in 62 patients. Posisep showed better improvement in symptoms and quality of life during the early recovery period compared to Merocel.
A novel chitosan-based doxepin nano-formulation for chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
RCT of 60 patients with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis comparing treatments including chitosan nanogel and doxepin/chitosan nanogel. The doxepin/chitosan nanogel significantly reduced oral mucositis scores compared to control, suggesting it as a promising alternative treatment.
Is Chitosan Dental Dressing Better Than Cotton Gauze in Achieving Hemostasis in Patients on Antithrombotics?
This prospective, randomized split mouth study evaluated the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of chitosan-based dressing compared to cotton pressure pack after tooth extraction in patients on antithrombotics. Chitosan dressing achieved quicker hemostasis and better alveolar clinical healing index, with no cases of alveolar osteitis, compared to cotton pressure packs.
Effectiveness of Chitosan as a Dietary Supplement in Lowering Cholesterol in Murine Models: A Meta-Analysis.
Meta-analysis of 34 studies evaluating chitosan supplementation in murine models for lifestyle-related diseases. Chitosan administration showed promise in lowering cholesterol and body weight, and inhibiting serum TNF-α, indicating potential benefits for heart health.
Combined chitosan and Dan-shen injection for long-term tubal patency in fallopian tube recanalization for infertility.
RCT of 400 patients with fallopian tube obstruction comparing recanalization alone to recanalization with chitosan, Dan-shen, or combined chitosan and Dan-shen injections. The combined chitosan and Dan-shen group showed significantly higher tubal patency and pregnancy rates after 12 months compared to other groups.
Systematic review of the mechanisms and evidence behind the hypocholesterolaemic effects of HPMC, pectin and chitosan in animal trials.
Systematic review of animal trials examining the cholesterol-lowering effects and mechanisms of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), pectin, and chitosan. All fibres reduced total cholesterol, VLDL-C, and LDL-C, with chitosan showing the most promising results, including an impressive rise in HDL-C.
Treatment of Residual Pockets in Stage III and IV Periodontitis Using an Oscillating Chitosan Device With or Without a Chitosan Gel-A Randomised Parallel-Arms Clinical Trial.
RCT comparing non-surgical subgingival re-instrumentation with an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) with and without a chitosan hydrogel (LGX) in periodontitis patients. Both treatments reduced probing pocket depth and bleeding, but adjunctive LGX gel showed greater improvements.
Metals, fluoride and bioactive glass on dentin hypersensitivity and quality of life: A 6-month double-blind randomized clinical trial.
This double-blind randomized clinical trial investigated the effects of TiF varnish, SnCl/AmF/NaF and chitosan-containing toothpaste (Elmex Opti-namel), and fluoride-calcium-phospho-silicate-containing toothpaste (Biomin F) on dentin hypersensitivity and oral health-related quality of life over 6 months. All products reduced dentin hypersensitivity pain and improved oral health-related quality of life, with Elmex Opti-namel providing the most effective pain relief after 6 months.
Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy and chitosan in postoperative pain and bleeding management after primary molar extraction: A randomized clinical study.
This randomized clinical trial compared the analgesic and hemostatic efficacy of chitosan and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in pediatric extractions. The study involved 87 primary molars from 29 participants. The LLLT group had the lowest mean pain score, followed by the chitosan group, with the control group having the highest. There was no significant difference in postoperative bleeding between the groups. Chitosan was preferred by children and guardians as an effective and cost-effective alternative.
The anti-fungal effect of miconazole and miconazole-loaded chitosan nanoparticles gels in diabetic patients with Oral candidiasis-randomized control clinical trial and microbiological analysis.
RCT evaluating the therapeutic effects of miconazole and miconazole-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in diabetic patients with oral candidiasis. Both treatments were effective in controlling symptoms and reducing Candida colonization, with significant clinical improvement observed in the miconazole-loaded chitosan nanoparticles group.
A randomized, placebo-controlled study of chitosan gel for the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers (the CHITOWOUND study).
RCT of 42 patients with chronic diabetic foot ulcers comparing chitosan-based gel (ChitoCare) to placebo over 10 weeks. ChitoCare gel increased the rate of wound healing, with significant improvements in wound closure and reduction in wound surface area.
Chitosan-based dressing for management of palatal donor site: A randomized clinical trial.
RCT evaluating the effectiveness of a chitosan-based dressing in achieving early wound healing and hemostasis at palatal donor sites in patients undergoing free gingival graft surgery. The chitosan dressing increased re-epithelialization and accelerated wound healing, although not statistically significant, and significantly reduced bleeding complications.
Application of Three Types of Scaffolds in Pulp Regeneration for Permanent Mature Teeth with Periapical Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT comparing native chitosan-based scaffolds and enzymatically modified chitosan-based scaffolds for pulp regeneration in mature teeth with apical lesions. The EMCS+BC scaffold showed superior outcomes in pulp regeneration after six months, with higher healing degrees compared to other groups. Tooth sensitivity was more pronounced in the EMCS+BC and NCS+BC groups.
Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis
The study compared the antibacterial efficacy of different combinations of calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis using 400 extracted human teeth. Calcium hydroxide combined with bioactive glass S53P4 showed the most significant bacterial reduction compared to other combinations.
Efficacy of using chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles as final irrigating solutions on smear layer removal and mineral content of intraradicular dentin.
This study evaluated the effect of using chitosan, nano-chitosan, and EDTA as final irrigating solutions on smear layer cleanliness and Ca/P ratio of dentin in 48 human single-rooted teeth. The highest mean Ca/P ratio was observed in the 0.2% nano-chitosan group, while the highest calcium loss was in the 17% EDTA group. Chitosan and its nanoparticles showed comparable chelating effects and induced remineralization of the root canal dentin.
Non-surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri-implantitis with an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette-12-month follow-up of a multicenter randomized clinical trial.
RCT comparing non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) versus a titanium curette (TC) in 39 patients. Both groups showed significant reduction in probing pocket depth, bleeding index, and pus at 12 months, with stable radiographic bone levels. No significant differences were found between the groups.
Radiographic evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation using a chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous matrix: A randomized clinical study.
RCT assessing the effectiveness of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous scaffolds in preserving alveolar ridge and enhancing bone remodeling post-tooth extraction. The test group showed significantly lower vertical and horizontal bone resorption and increased bone density compared to the control group after 4 months.
Non-surgical treatment of mild to moderate peri-implantitis using an oscillating chitosan brush or a titanium curette-A randomized multicentre controlled clinical trial.
RCT comparing the efficacy of an oscillating chitosan brush (OCB) versus titanium curettes (TC) in the non-surgical treatment of peri-implantitis in 39 patients. Both groups showed significant reductions in probing pocket depth and bleeding index at six months, with no significant difference between the groups. Eradication of peri-implant disease was observed in 9.5% of cases in the OCB group and 5.9% in the TC group.
Safety aspects and cholesterol-lowering efficacy of chitosan tablets.
RCT with 65 participants (56 completed) testing the effect of chitosan on serum vitamin and cholesterol concentrations. No significant differences were found in serum vitamins or cholesterol levels, indicating chitosan tablets are safe but do not significantly affect cholesterol concentration.
Colloidal chitosan-silver nanoparticles-fluoride nanocomposite as an antibacterial mouthwash against salivary Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients (a randomized clinical trial).
This randomized clinical trial synthesized and characterized a colloidal chitosan-silver nanoparticles-fluoride nanocomposite (CCAgNPF) and evaluated its efficacy as an antibacterial mouthwash against salivary Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. The study found that all mouthwashes, including CCAgNPF, reduced S. mutans, with the combination of CCAgNPF and chlorhexidine showing the best results.
Chitosan mitigates the adverse effects and improves photosynthetic activity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under drought condition
The study investigated the effects of chitosan on rice seedlings under drought stress. Chitosan application improved shoot and root growth, elevated relative water content, reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. It also enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, suggesting that chitosan helps rice seedlings cope with drought stress.
Efficacy of a novel chitosan formulation on fecal fat excretion: a double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled study.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examining the effect of a novel chitosan formulation on fecal fat excretion in 29 healthy subjects. The chitosan and psyllium husk seed formulation significantly increased fecal fat excretion compared to placebo, suggesting a potential decrease in calorie absorption.
Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chitosan and 5-Amino Salicylic Acid Combinations in Experimental Colitis
The study investigated the anti-inflammatory efficacy of chitosan, alone and in combination with 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA), in murine experimental colitis. Chitosan, administered intrarectally, significantly decreased inflammatory markers in colitis mice, and its combination with 5-ASA showed enhanced anti-inflammatory effects.
Biomimetic hydrogel strategy inspired by sea cucumbers: Integrating antibacterial, osteoimmune, and osteogenic functions for infected bone repair.
The study developed a biomimetic hydrogel composed of gallic acid-modified chitosan, sialic acid, and bioactive glass for infected bone repair. The hydrogel demonstrated antibacterial activity, ROS scavenging, and promoted osteogenesis and neovascularization by modulating the osteoimmune microenvironment.
Folate decorated chitosan-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles loaded hydrogel for targeting macrophages against rheumatoid arthritis.
The study developed folate-conjugated chitosan-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles encapsulating leflunomide for targeted delivery to macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis. The nanoparticles showed preferential accumulation at inflamed joints and improved inflammatory cytokine expression with minimal adverse effects.
Biomaterials Based on Chitosan and Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Drug Delivery System with Wound-Healing Effects
The study developed hydrogels based on chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol for wound healing, loaded with L-arginine and caffeine. The hydrogels showed delayed release profiles and potential for use in medical applications like wound healing dressings.
Chitosan reduces vitamin D bioaccessibility in food emulsions by binding to mixed micelles.
The study examined the impact of chitosan on the bioaccessibility of vitamin D using an in vitro digestion model. Chitosan reduced the bioaccessibility of vitamin D by about 37% by binding to vitamin-loaded mixed micelles and promoting their precipitation.
Biogenic Nanoparticle‒Chitosan Conjugates with Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Anticancer Potentialities: Development and Characterization.
The study developed and characterized eco-friendly conjugates using biogenic silver nanoparticles and chitosan with antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticancer potentialities. The CHI‒AgNPs3 conjugate showed notable antibacterial activity, antibiofilm potential, and cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line.
Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Chitosan, Chlorhexidine, Propolis and Sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm : An in vitro study
In vitro study evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of Chitosan, Chlorhexidine, Propolis, and Sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. Chitosan + Chlorhexidine, Chlorhexidine, and Propolis were found to be as efficacious as sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation.
Antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of specific chitosan molecules on Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with bovine mastitis
The study investigated the antibiofilm and antibacterial activities of chitosan molecules of various molecular weights against Staphylococcus aureus associated with bovine mastitis. The 2.6 kDa chitosan was effective in preventing biofilm production and showed synergy with macrolide antibiotics, reducing bacterial colonization in a murine model. Intramammary administration of 2.6 kDa chitosan showed no adverse effects in mice or cows.
Chitosan as a Wound Dressing Starting Material: Antimicrobial Properties and Mode of Action
This paper reviews the antimicrobial properties of chitosan and its mechanisms of action against microbial cells. It also discusses chitosan's interactions with mammalian cells in the wound healing process and its applications as a wound-dressing material.
Improvement of Phenolic Antioxidant-linked Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity of Grape Cell Culture Elicited by Chitosan and Chemical Treatments
The study investigated the effect of chitosan and other chemical elicitors on phenolic bioactive profiles and associated antioxidant and anticancer properties of cultured grape cells. Chemical elicitors like Na2SeO3 and Al2(SO4)3 enhanced phenolic content and cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines, indicating potential anticancer properties.
Functionalized and graft copolymers of chitosan and its pharmaceutical applications
The paper reviews the modifications of chitosan through graft copolymerization to enhance its properties for pharmaceutical applications. It discusses methods like quarterization, thiolation, acylation, and grafting to improve mucoadhesion, solubility, and drug delivery capabilities. The challenges in commercialization and potential advancements in polymerization techniques are also covered.