Research
Casein Protein
32 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Pre-Sleep Casein Supplementation, Metabolism, and Appetite: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of pre-sleep casein protein supplementation effects on energy expenditure, lipolysis, appetite, and food intake in healthy and overweight or obese individuals. Findings show limited to no effects on metabolism or appetite when ingesting 24-48 g of casein 30 min before sleep, but data are limited.
Casein structures differently affect postprandial amino acid delivery through their intra-gastric clotting properties.
The study assessed how different casein structures affect digestion and amino acid delivery kinetics. Sodium caseinate showed higher nitrogen levels in dialysates and higher plasma indispensable amino-acid concentration peaks compared to micellar and calcium casein in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study with healthy volunteers. Gamma-scintigraphy in pigs revealed different gastric localization patterns for sodium and micellar casein.
Effects of protein sources at sahur on anaerobic power and strength during Ramadan in combat sport athletes: A single blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced crossover study design.
This study investigated the effects of different protein sources consumed at sahur on anaerobic power and strength in 24 trained male combat sport athletes during Ramadan fasting. Micellar casein supplementation reduced declines in Wingate peak power, mean power, and bench press strength compared to fasting with placebo, outperforming whey protein isolate in some measures.
Presleep vs. Daytime Consumption of Casein-Enriched Milk: Effects on Muscle Function and Metabolic Health After Sleeve Gastrectomy.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of casein-enriched milk consumption and its timing (presleep vs. during the day) on body composition, muscle strength, and biochemical parameters in individuals undergoing sleeve gastrectomy. No significant differences were found in body composition or physical performance, but handgrip strength increased over time in the casein groups, and prealbumin levels were higher compared to the control group, indicating potential nutritional benefits.
Pre-sleep casein ingestion with probiotic strains improves anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength and power performance in soccer players.
A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study with 44 male soccer players examined the effects of pre-sleep casein intake with probiotics on anaerobic power and lower-body-specific strength. The combination of casein and probiotics significantly improved anaerobic power, isokinetic strength, and lower-body muscular endurance compared to casein or probiotics alone.
Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake-A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT comparing pre-sleep and post-exercise casein ingestion on anaerobic performance in 24 highly trained male soccer players. Both timing strategies improved performance, with pre-sleep ingestion enhancing CMJ and mean power, and post-exercise ingestion enhancing peak power and fatigue index. No significant differences between timing strategies were found.
Protein Substitute Absorption: A Randomised Controlled Trial Comparing CGMP vs. Amino Acids vs. Micellar Casein in Healthy Volunteers.
This randomized controlled trial compared the amino acid absorption profiles of phenylalanine-free L-amino acids, low-phenylalanine casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP), and micellar casein in 20 healthy adults. The study found that amino acids from CGMP and L-AAs were absorbed more rapidly than from casein, with significant differences in the area under the curve for total and branched-chain amino acids between CGMP and L-AAs versus casein.
Gastric Digestion and Changes in Serum Amino Acid Concentrations after Consumption of Casein from Cow and Goat Milk: A Randomized Crossover Trial in Healthy Males.
This randomized crossover trial examined gastric digestion and serum amino acid concentrations after ingestion of cow and goat milk-derived casein in 18 healthy males. Results showed different coagulating properties between cow and goat milk casein, with higher serum essential amino acids for cow milk casein, but similar gastric emptying times.
Pre-sleep Protein Ingestion Increases Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis Rates During Overnight Recovery from Endurance Exercise: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT assessing the impact of pre-sleep ingestion of casein and whey protein on mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from endurance exercise in 36 healthy young men. Both proteins increased synthesis rates compared to placebo, with no difference between casein and whey.
Pre-sleep protein supplementation in professional cyclists during a training camp: a three-arm randomized controlled trial.
RCT of pre-sleep protein supplementation in 24 professional U23 cyclists during a six-day training camp. Participants consumed 40g of casein before sleep or in the afternoon, or a placebo. No significant differences were found in fatigue, recovery, body composition, or performance outcomes between groups.
Effects of the maize-derived protein zein, and the milk proteins casein, whey, and α-lactalbumin, on subjective measures of satiety and food intake in normal-weight young men.
Randomised crossover study with 13 normal-weight men comparing the satiating effects of zein, casein, whey protein, α-lactalbumin, and maltodextrin. No differences were found in food intake or subjective appetite ratings among the protein sources.
Time Courses of Gastric Volume and Content after Different Types of Casein Ingestion in Healthy Men: A Randomized Crossover Study.
This randomized crossover study evaluated the time course of gastric volume and curd conditions in the stomach after ingestion of micellar casein, sodium caseinate, and whey protein concentrate in 10 healthy men. Micellar casein resulted in a higher gastric antrum cross-sectional area and more curd formation compared to the other proteins, affecting gastric emptying and plasma amino acid absorption kinetics.
Exercise Plus Presleep Protein Ingestion Increases Overnight Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Men.
RCT assessing the impact of presleep protein ingestion on overnight muscle connective tissue protein synthesis rates in older men. Exercise plus protein ingestion increased synthesis rates compared to placebo and protein alone, enhancing the utilization of dietary protein-derived amino acids.
Randomised Controlled Trial: Partial Hydrolysation of Casein Protein in Milk Decreases Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Subjects with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.
RCT of 41 subjects with functional gastrointestinal disorders comparing ordinary and hydrolysed high-protein, lactose-free milkshakes. The hydrolysed product significantly reduced IBS-SSS scores and total symptom scores, with less bloating, flatulence, and heartburn reported. No significant differences in inflammatory markers, intestinal permeability, or immune activation were detected.
Casein Ingestion Does Not Increase Muscle Connective Tissue Protein Synthesis Rates.
RCT assessing the effect of casein protein ingestion on intramuscular connective tissue protein synthesis rates during overnight recovery from resistance exercise in 36 young males. Resistance exercise increased synthesis rates, but postexercise casein ingestion did not enhance these rates compared to placebo.
Casein Protein Processing Strongly Modulates Post-Prandial Plasma Amino Acid Responses In Vivo in Humans.
This randomized cross-over study investigated the post-prandial plasma amino acid responses following ingestion of different forms of casein protein (micellar casein, calcium caseinate, and cross-linked sodium caseinate) in 15 healthy young men. Cross-linked sodium caseinate resulted in higher plasma amino acid concentrations compared to micellar casein and calcium caseinate, indicating more rapid digestion and increased amino acid bioavailability.
The effects of pre-sleep consumption of casein protein on next-morning measures of RMR and appetite compared between sedentary pre- and postmenopausal women.
Randomised, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing next-morning responses of RMR and appetite to pre-sleep consumption of casein protein in pre- and postmenopausal women. The study found that pre-sleep casein protein did not alter RMR, RER, or appetite compared to placebo in both groups.
Protein Supplementation Does Not Augment Adaptations to Endurance Exercise Training.
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessed the effect of protein supplementation on adaptations to endurance exercise training in 60 recreationally active males. The study found that protein supplementation did not further augment gains in whole-body oxidative capacity, endurance exercise performance, or muscular endurance compared to a carbohydrate placebo.
The Influence of Peptidases in Intestinal Brush Border Membranes on the Absorption of Oligopeptides from Whey Protein Hydrolysate: An Ex Vivo Study Using an Ussing Chamber
This ex vivo study used an Ussing chamber model to investigate the absorption of oligopeptides from whey protein hydrolysate through the proximal jejunum of a 7-week old piglet. The study identified 884 oligopeptides and demonstrated the proteolytic activity of brush border enzymes, resulting in the absorption of some peptides.
Pre-Sleep Casein Protein Ingestion Does Not Impact Next-Day Appetite, Energy Intake and Metabolism in Older Individuals.
Single-blind randomized cross-over study with 12 older individuals investigating the effects of pre-sleep casein protein ingestion on next-morning appetite, energy intake, and metabolism. No significant differences were observed in appetite, energy intake, resting metabolic rate, respiratory exchange rate, or blood markers between the protein, maltodextrin, and placebo groups.
Presleep Casein Protein Ingestion: Acceleration of Functional Recovery in Professional Soccer Players.
RCT with 10 professional soccer players examining the effects of presleep casein protein ingestion on recovery after a soccer match. Casein protein improved countermovement-jump recovery, reactive strength index, and reduced muscle soreness compared to carbohydrates.
Metabolic impact of protein feeding prior to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise in a fasted state: a pilot study.
This pilot study investigated the effects of pre-exercise protein feeding on energy expenditure and fat oxidation in 11 healthy males. Participants consumed whey protein isolate, casein protein, maltodextrin, or a non-caloric control before moderate-intensity treadmill exercise. Results showed that protein consumption, particularly casein, increased post-exercise energy expenditure and fat oxidation compared to maltodextrin and control.
Pre-Sleep Consumption of Casein and Whey Protein: Effects on Morning Metabolism and Resistance Exercise Performance in Active Women.
Randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 9 active women comparing the effects of pre-sleep consumption of casein and whey protein on morning resting metabolic rate (RMR) and resistance exercise performance. 48 g of casein likely increased RMR, but had only trivial effects on exercise performance. Whey protein showed no clear effects.
Protein Ingestion before Sleep Increases Overnight Muscle Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT assessing the efficacy of presleep protein ingestion on muscle protein synthesis in 48 older men. Ingestion of 40 g casein before sleep increased overnight myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, suggesting a strategy to support muscle mass preservation in aging.
Presleep dietary protein-derived amino acids are incorporated in myofibrillar protein during postexercise overnight recovery.
This study investigated the impact of ingesting 30 g casein protein with and without 2 g free leucine before sleep on myofibrillar protein synthesis rates during postexercise overnight recovery in 36 healthy young men. Protein ingestion before sleep improved whole body protein net balance but did not increase muscle protein synthesis rates during recovery.
Physical Activity Performed in the Evening Increases the Overnight Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Presleep Protein Ingestion in Older Men.
RCT with 23 healthy older men assessing the effect of evening physical activity on overnight muscle protein synthesis in response to presleep protein ingestion. Results showed that physical activity increased the incorporation of dietary protein-derived amino acids into muscle protein during sleep.
The Effect of Casein Protein Prior to Sleep on Fat Metabolism in Obese Men.
RCT in 12 obese men examining the effects of casein protein ingestion before sleep on fat metabolism. No differences were found in fat metabolism markers, substrate utilization, resting energy expenditure, or blood markers between casein and placebo. Casein did not affect fat or glucose metabolism or suppress appetite.
Ingestion of Casein in a Milk Matrix Modulates Dietary Protein Digestion and Absorption Kinetics but Does Not Modulate Postprandial Muscle Protein Synthesis in Older Men.
This study investigated the impact of a milk matrix on casein protein digestion, absorption kinetics, and postprandial muscle protein synthesis in 32 healthy older men. Casein ingestion in a milk matrix delayed protein digestion and absorption but did not modulate postprandial muscle protein synthesis compared to micellar casein ingestion alone.
Dietary protein digestion and absorption rates and the subsequent postprandial muscle protein synthetic response do not differ between young and elderly men.
The study compared dietary protein digestion, absorption, and muscle protein synthetic response between young and elderly men using a single bolus of 35 g micellar casein protein. Results showed no significant differences in protein digestion, absorption kinetics, or muscle protein synthesis rates between the two age groups.
Comparison of the effects of a high- and normal-casein breakfast on satiety, 'satiety' hormones, plasma amino acids and subsequent energy intake.
The study compared the effects of high- and normal-casein-protein breakfasts on satiety, hormones, plasma amino acids, and energy intake in 25 healthy subjects. A breakfast with 25% energy from casein was more satiating than one with 10% energy from casein, with prolonged elevated plasma amino acid concentrations, but did not reduce subsequent energy intake.
Effect of a hypocaloric diet, increased protein intake and resistance training on lean mass gains and fat mass loss in overweight police officers.
A 12-week RCT comparing the effects of a hypocaloric diet alone versus with resistance training and either casein or whey protein supplementation on body composition in overweight police officers. The casein group showed greater reductions in body fat percentage and greater lean mass gains compared to the whey group and diet alone. Strength gains were also significantly higher in the casein group.
Absorption of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and zinc in growing male rats fed diets containing either phytate-free soybean protein or soybean protein isolate or casein.
The study examined the effect of dietary phytate-free soybean protein on mineral absorption and retention in growing male rats. Rats fed the phytate-free soybean protein diet showed significantly higher mineral absorption and retention ratios compared to those fed soybean protein isolate or casein diets.