Research
Cannabis
70 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder among patients with cannabis induced psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies with 7,515 patients examining the prevalence of schizophrenia spectrum and bipolar disorder following cannabis-induced psychosis. Found that 20% of patients later received a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, 5% bipolar, and 63% unspecified. Patients were 76% less likely to develop bipolar disorder compared to schizophrenia spectrum disorder.
Preclinical evidence of cannabis-induced oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of in vivo and in vitro studies on cannabis exposure and oxidative stress. Cannabis exposure was associated with increased ROS production and lipid peroxidation, and reduced antioxidant enzymes in preclinical models.
A systematic review of highly purified cannabidiol in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and complex treatment-resistant epilepsies: Changes in seizure frequency and adverse events.
Systematic review of 57 studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) in patients with developmental and epileptic encephalopathies and complex treatment-resistant epilepsies. The review found that CBD may reduce seizure frequency, with 47 studies reporting seizure reduction in at least one patient. Adverse events were generally mild or moderate, with gastrointestinal issues being the most common.
Therapeutically Motivated Cannabis Use for Anxiety: Daily and Longitudinal Reductions Vary Between Flower and Edible Products.
This study examined the daily associations between cannabis use and anxiety over 30 days in adults using cannabis for anxiety relief. Participants used flower or edible products containing CBD, THC, or THC + CBD. Anxiety significantly decreased over the study period, with CBD and THC + CBD products showing greater reductions in anxiety compared to THC alone.
Health-related quality of life in patients receiving medicinal cannabis: systematic review and meta-analysis of primary research findings 2015-2025.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 studies on medicinal cannabis (MC) and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with chronic health conditions. RCTs showed small short-term HRQL improvements, while observational studies showed HRQL improvements across all follow-up periods. The review highlights the need for better justification and definition of HRQL measures in future studies.
Cannabinoid-based interventions for behavioral outcomes in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review of safety and effectiveness.
Systematic review of cannabinoid-based interventions, particularly CBD and CBD:THC formulations, for behavioral outcomes in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Evidence suggests some improvement in global clinical impression and social communication, but results are mixed and limited by high risk of bias in non-RCTs. Adverse events were mostly mild and non-serious.
Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathy due to Diabetes: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review evaluated RCTs on the effectiveness and safety of medical cannabis and cannabinoids for treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Three out of four studies reported significant pain reduction with cannabinoid-based interventions compared to placebo, though adverse effects like dizziness were common. The review highlights the need for larger, more rigorous RCTs.
Cannabis use and risk of testicular germ cell tumour: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between cannabis use and the risk of testicular germ cell tumour (TGCT). The analysis found that current and long-term cannabis use is significantly associated with an increased risk of TGCT, particularly non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT).
The Pleiotropic Influence of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabinol on Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analytical Synthesis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies examining the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on inflammatory biomarkers. Meta-analyses showed trivial and imprecise effects on IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, with individual trials reporting reductions in high-exposure or diseased populations.
Preoperative cannabinoid exposure and postoperative pain: A narrative review.
Systematic review of 42 studies examining preoperative cannabis use and its relationship with postoperative pain and opioid consumption. Findings were mixed, with some studies reporting increased postoperative pain and opioid requirements, while others found no difference or reduced use. Specialty-specific patterns were noted, and the need for standardized exposure definitions and prospective designs was highlighted.
Unlocking the potential: Cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising anti-tumor agent.
This systematic review evaluates the anti-tumor efficacy, mechanisms, and safety profile of cannabidiol (CBD) across various cancer types. CBD shows multi-target anti-tumor effects, including inhibiting proliferation, inducing apoptosis, suppressing metastasis, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. It demonstrates broad-spectrum efficacy in vitro and in vivo, with synergistic effects in combination therapy and a favorable safety profile. However, evidence is primarily preclinical.
Therapeutic Potential for Cannabidiol on Alzheimer's Disease-Related Neuroinflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabidiol (CBD) on Alzheimer's disease-related neuroinflammation. Preclinical models showed CBD significantly reduced markers of neuroinflammation like GFAP, IL-6, and iNOS. Clinical evidence was limited but suggested potential benefits for behavioral symptoms and agitation.
The Influence of CBD and THC on Hepatic Enzymes of the Human Cytochrome P450 Complex Family: A Systematic Literature Review.
Systematic review evaluating the effects of phytocannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), on hepatic CYP450 complex enzymes. CBD was found to exert inhibitory effects on several CYP450 isoforms, including CYP3A4, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19, highlighting potential drug-cannabinoid interactions.
Therapeutic Potential of Cannabidiol in Dentistry: A Systematic Review From Cellular Mechanisms to Clinical Trials.
Systematic review analyzing the role of cannabidiol (CBD) in dentistry, focusing on cellular mechanisms and clinical trials. CBD shows promise in modulating cellular responses, anti-inflammatory properties, and treating pain and inflammation in the maxillofacial area, though more research is needed in regenerative dentistry.
Evaluation of potential drug–drug interactions with medical cannabis
Systematic review of cannabis-drug interactions, focusing on the cytochrome P450 enzyme-mediated metabolic pathway. The review included 54 articles and identified interactions with 20 drug classes, with antiepileptics showing the most evidence of interaction. The review highlights the need for careful monitoring of plasma levels and potential dose adjustments.
The Use of Cannabinoids in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): A Review of the Literature
This systematic review examined the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The review found promising results in reducing clinical complications and improving patient health perception, but highlighted the need for high-quality evidence regarding administration and dosage. The findings were characterized by high heterogeneity, limiting outcome generalizability.
Medical Cannabis for Gynecologic Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of cannabis use for gynecologic pain conditions, including chronic pelvic pain and endometriosis. Most women reported pain relief with cannabis use, with significant pain reduction reported in cohort studies and an RCT using PEA-combination medications. However, varying cannabis formulations and dosages limit definitive conclusions.
Dosage, Efficacy and Safety of Cannabidiol Administration in Adults: A Systematic Review of Human Trials
Systematic review of 25 studies on cannabidiol (CBD) administration in adults, including 22 controlled clinical trials and 3 observational studies. The review found anxiolytic effects with acute CBD administration, therapeutic effects for social anxiety disorder, psychotic disorder, and substance use disorders, and a lack of effect on cognitive functioning in psychotic disorders. CBD was generally well tolerated with mild side effects.
Adverse effects of cannabidiol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 randomized clinical trials with 803 participants assessing the adverse effects of cannabidiol (CBD). CBD was associated with increased likelihood of withdrawal, serious adverse events, and specific adverse events such as abnormal liver function tests, pneumonia, decreased appetite, diarrhea, somnolence, and sedation. Interactions with medications like clobazam and sodium valproate were noted in childhood epilepsy studies.
Detection of Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Impairment Using Resting-State Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
This randomized clinical trial evaluated the use of resting-state functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to detect THC-induced impairment in cannabis users. The study found that fNIRS was more accurate and had a lower false-positive rate than traditional field sobriety tests in identifying THC-related impairment.
The effects of cannabidiol on sleep disturbances within a sample of high trait worriers: A double-blind, randomized placebo controlled trial.
Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial with 63 high trait worriers testing 300 mg and 50 mg CBD against placebo for 2 weeks. 300 mg CBD decreased sleep disturbances and improved sleep quality more than 50 mg CBD, but not significantly more than placebo. No effects on sedation or cognitive impairment were observed.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Cannabidiol in a Powder Formulation, CBtru, vs an Oil-Based Formulation, Epidyolex, Under Fasted and Fed Conditions in Healthy Participants: A Randomized Open-Label Cross-Over Phase I Study.
This Phase I randomized open-label cross-over study compared the pharmacokinetics and safety of a powdered CBD formulation (CBtru) with an oil-based formulation (Epidyolex) in healthy adults under fasted and fed conditions. CBtru showed faster absorption and higher metabolite exposure under fasted conditions, with more consistent systemic levels. Both formulations were well tolerated.
Investigating the effects of cannabinoids for the reduction of inflammation and sickle cell disease pain (CRISP); A protocol for a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.
This protocol outlines a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study investigating dronabinol, a synthetic THC, for pain management in Sickle Cell Disease patients. The study will assess the efficacy and safety of dronabinol as an opioid alternative and track inflammation biomarkers.
Vaporized cannabis versus placebo for acute migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
RCT comparing vaporized cannabis formulations (THC-dominant, CBD-dominant, THC+CBD) to placebo for acute migraine treatment in 92 adults. THC+CBD was superior to placebo for pain relief, pain freedom, and symptom freedom at 2 hours, with sustained benefits at 24 and 48 hours. THC-dominant was superior for pain relief but not for other endpoints. CBD-dominant was not superior to placebo.
Effects of cannabidiol in alcohol use disorder patients with and without co-occurring post-traumatic stress disorder: Tolerability but no evidence for efficacy in two randomized proof-of-concept trials.
Two proof-of-concept trials assessed the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD), with and without PTSD. CBD was well-tolerated but showed no efficacy over placebo for reducing alcohol consumption, craving, mood, anxiety, or PTSD symptoms.
Cannabidiol Compared to Pharmacological Treatment as Usual for Crack Use Disorder: A Feasibility, Preliminary Efficacy, Parallel, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
This double-blind, randomized clinical trial compared cannabidiol (CBD) to pharmacological treatment as usual for reducing crack use in people with crack use disorder. The study found that the CBD group experienced significantly fewer adverse events and performed better in reducing crack use and clinical and psychiatric complaints compared to the control group.
Tolerability profile of topical cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide: a compilation of single-centre randomized evaluator-blinded clinical and in vitro studies in normal skin.
The study assessed the tolerability profile of topical formulations containing cannabidiol (CBD) and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on healthy human skin through three clinical trials and one in vitro study. The products showed no irritation or sensitization, with mild phototoxicity observed in a hemp seed oil product. The formulations were found to be nonirritating and nonsensitizing in healthy adults.
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Treatment-a Systematic Review.
Systematic review of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS), a cyclic vomiting syndrome associated with cannabis use. The review identifies diagnostic characteristics and evaluates treatment options, finding that cannabis cessation is the best treatment. The pathophysiology of CHS remains unclear.
The effect of hemp product consumption on blood fatty acid profiles and cardiovascular disease risk factors: results of a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial.
A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial with 30 normoglycemic adults examined the effects of hemp product consumption on circulating fatty acid profiles and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Hemp treatment elevated levels of ALA, GLA, DGLA, and EPA compared to controls, but showed no differences in serum lipid levels, glucose and insulin concentrations, blood pressure, or body composition.
Cannabidiol blood metabolite levels after cannabidiol treatment are associated with broadband EEG changes and improvements in visuomotor and non-verbal cognitive abilities in boys with autism requiring higher levels of support.
This study analyzed EEG recordings from 24 boys with autism spectrum disorder and higher support needs in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover Phase II Clinical Trial. It investigated the effects of 8 weeks of daily cannabidiol (CBD) treatment on severe behavioral problems. The study found that CBD metabolite levels in blood were associated with changes in EEG measures and improvements in receptive vocabulary, nonverbal intelligence, and visuomotor coordination, though effects were mixed across participants.
A single dose of cannabidiol modulates the relationship between hippocampal glutamate and learning-related prefrontal activation in individuals at Clinical High Risk of Psychosis.
RCT examining the acute effects of a single 600 mg dose of cannabidiol (CBD) on hippocampal glutamate levels and brain activation during verbal memory tasks in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis. CBD modulated the relationship between hippocampal glutamate levels and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation, suggesting potential normalization of disrupted glutamatergic coupling.
Understanding cannabis use and car crashes: Insights from a randomized trial using a driving simulator on THC blood levels and subjective measures of sleepiness and performance.
Randomized, double-blind, crossover study with 30 male volunteers assessing the impact of THC inhalation on driving performance using a simulator. THC doses of 10 mg and 30 mg increased car crashes, with a delayed peak effect at 4 hours post-inhalation. Increased sleepiness correlated with higher crash rates, and no significant difference in impairment was found between chronic and occasional users.
Effects of Cannabidiol on Social Relating, Anxiety, and Parental Stress in Autistic Children: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of oral CBD oil in 29 autistic children. No significant effect on primary outcome of social responsiveness, but significant improvements in secondary measures of social functioning, anxiety, and parental stress were observed.
Efficacy and safety of cannabidiol oil in psoriasis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
RCT evaluating the efficacy and safety of cannabidiol oil in 28 chronic plaque psoriasis patients. CBD did not significantly improve PASI scores but reduced itch scores by Week 8 and decreased sleep onset latency by Week 6. Adverse events were mild to moderate.
The effect of cannabidiol on neurometabolite levels in alcohol use disorder.
This preliminary clinical study examined the effect of 800 mg CBD on neurometabolites in individuals with Alcohol Use Disorder using a crossover double-blind, randomized trial. No significant treatment effects were found across neurometabolites, but post hoc analyses showed higher GSH and GLx concentrations during CBD sessions for participants who consumed alcohol the previous day.
A Randomized, Open-Label Trial to Assess Feasibility and Tolerability of Topical Cannabis Balms for the Treatment of Aromatase Inhibitor-Associated Musculoskeletal Syndrome (AIMSS).
A randomized trial assessed the feasibility, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of topical cannabis balms (CBD vs. THC) for women with breast cancer experiencing aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal syndrome (AIMSS). 86% of participants reported improvement in joint health, with a higher percentage of the THC group showing significant improvement. Minor skin irritation was reported by 24% of participants.
Tetrahydrocurcumin for Major Depressive Disorder with Therapeutic Potential and Mechanistic Insights from Clinical and Preclinical Studies.
A randomized, open-label, parallel-group pilot trial evaluated the efficacy of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) in treating major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients received either escitalopram or escitalopram plus THC for 29 days. THC improved gastrointestinal symptoms but showed no significant differences in total HAMD scores. Proteomic analysis identified serum proteins modulated by THC, suggesting antidepressant effects through anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective mechanisms.
The Effects of an Acute Dose of Cannabidiol on Health and Two-Mile Time Trial Performance-A Pilot Study.
This pilot study used a randomized, cross-over design to explore the effects of an acute dose of cannabidiol (CBD) on physical and mental health, as well as running performance in 12 runners. CBD increased feelings of calm and relaxation and reduced perceived effort at the halfway point of a 2-mile run, but did not significantly affect run performance time or gastrointestinal symptoms.
A Pilot Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial of Medicinal Cannabis in Adolescents with Tourette Syndrome.
Pilot randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial of medicinal cannabis in adolescents with Tourette Syndrome. The study compared THC and CBD in peppermint-flavored oil to placebo over 10 weeks with a 4-week washout. Ten adolescents were randomized, with seven completing the study. The most common adverse event was dizziness, and three participants were rated as much improved on medicinal cannabis compared to one on placebo.
Short-term repeated oral intake of low dose cannabidiol: effects on liver enzyme activity and creatinine concentration during intense exercise.
A randomized, three-arm, double-blind, crossover study investigated the effects of two CBD products (oil and solubilisate) containing 60 mg CBD during high-intensity exercise in 17 well-trained subjects. The study found that short-term repeated use of 60 mg CBD can inhibit exercise-induced liver enzyme activity without evidence of hepatotoxic effects at this dose over seven days.
Effects of hemp supplementation during resistance training in trained young adults.
Double-blind RCT of 34 trained young adults comparing 60g/day hemp supplementation to soy during 8 weeks of resistance training. Hemp increased elbow flexor muscle thickness in females and preserved twitch torque in males under fatiguing conditions, suggesting sex-specific benefits on muscle accretion and torque.
Eight Weeks of Daily Cannabidiol Supplementation Improves Sleep Quality and Immune Cell Cytotoxicity.
This RCT investigated the effects of 8 weeks of 50 mg oral CBD on mental health, sleep quality, and immune cell function in healthy, college-aged individuals. The CBD group experienced significant improvements in sleep quality and enhanced Natural Killer immune cell function.
Evaluation of Cytochrome P450‐Mediated Cannabinoid‐Drug Interactions in Healthy Adult Participants
This study evaluated cannabinoid-drug interactions in 18 healthy adults using cannabis extracts. Participants consumed brownies with CBD-dominant or Δ9‐THC-dominant cannabis extracts and a cytochrome P450 drug cocktail. The CBD+Δ9‐THC brownie inhibited several CYP enzymes, affecting drug metabolism, while the Δ9‐THC brownie did not inhibit any CYPs.
Effects of Cannabidiol and Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Plasma Endocannabinoid Levels in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized Double-Blind Four-Arm Crossover Study.
Randomized double-blind four-arm crossover study in 46 healthy volunteers examining the effects of THC coadministered with different doses of CBD on plasma endocannabinoid levels. THC induced acute increases in plasma levels of anandamide and noncannabinoid ethanolamides, but CBD had no significant effect on these levels at any dose used.
A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Comparator-Controlled Parallel Study Investigating the Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol and Tetrahydrocannabinol in a Novel Delivery System, Solutech, in Association with Cannabis Use History.
This randomized, triple-blind, comparator-controlled study investigated the pharmacokinetics of CBD and THC in a novel oral delivery system, Solutech, compared to MCT-oil in 32 healthy participants. Solutech provided significantly greater maximum concentration and faster absorption rates for all analytes compared to MCT-oil. Cannabis use history significantly influenced pharmacokinetic parameters. Both products were safe and well tolerated.
Endocannabinoid Levels in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Correlate With Clinical Parameters and Are Affected by Cannabis Consumption.
RCT assessing the effect of cannabis on endocannabinoid levels and clinical symptoms in IBD patients. In UC patients, cannabis treatment prevented the decrease of PEA, AEA, and AA levels seen in placebo, and improvements in quality of life correlated with 2-AG levels. Cannabis use may positively affect disease symptoms in UC patients.
A Phase 1 Open-Label, Fixed-Sequence Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Trial to Investigate the Effect of Cannabidiol on the CYP1A2 Probe Caffeine in Healthy Subjects.
This phase 1 open-label, fixed-sequence pharmacokinetic trial investigated the effects of highly purified cannabidiol (CBD) on caffeine clearance via CYP1A2 activity in healthy adults. CBD increased caffeine exposure and altered its pharmacokinetics, suggesting CBD is an inhibitor of CYP1A2. Sixteen subjects enrolled, and 9 completed treatment, with some discontinuations due to elevated liver transaminases.
Lipid-based formulations to increase cannabidiol bioavailability: In vitro digestion tests, pre-clinical assessment and clinical trial.
The study compared medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), glyceryl monolinoleate (GML), and a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for cannabidiol (CBD) delivery using in vitro and in vivo tests. SEDDS showed the highest CBD recovery and exposure in both in vitro and in vivo tests, with a single-dose, open-label, crossover study in 11 volunteers indicating increased CBD AUC compared to GML and MCT.
Enhanced Stability and Oral Bioavailability of Cannabidiol in Zein and Whey Protein Composite Nanoparticles by a Modified Anti-Solvent Approach
The study developed zein and whey protein composite nanoparticles to enhance the stability and oral bioavailability of cannabidiol (CBD). The nanoparticles showed improved storage stability and protected CBD from degradation. In vivo pharmacokinetic study demonstrated enhanced maximum concentration and area under the curve for CBD in nanoparticles compared to free-form CBD.
Effects of cannabidiol on brain excitation and inhibition systems; a randomised placebo-controlled single dose trial during magnetic resonance spectroscopy in adults with and without autism spectrum disorder.
Randomized placebo-controlled trial using magnetic resonance spectroscopy to measure the effects of a single oral dose of 600mg CBD on glutamate and GABA levels in 34 healthy men, including those with and without autism spectrum disorder. CBD increased subcortical Glx and decreased cortical Glx, with differing effects on GABA+ levels between neurotypical and ASD participants.
A Novel Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) Based on VESIsorb® Formulation Technology Improving the Oral Bioavailability of Cannabidiol in Healthy Subjects
The study evaluated the pharmacokinetic profile of a novel self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) incorporating cannabidiol (CBD) in 16 healthy volunteers. SEDDS-CBD showed a 4.4-fold higher Cmax and a 2.85-/1.70-fold higher AUC0–8h/AUC0–24h compared to a reference formulation, with faster absorption and no safety concerns.
The protocol for the Cannabidiol in children with refractory epileptic encephalopathy (CARE-E) study: a phase 1 dosage escalation study
This phase 1 dosage escalation study protocol aims to determine the safety and tolerability of CBD-enriched Cannabis extract in 28 children with treatment-resistant epileptic encephalopathy. The study will also monitor the effects on seizure frequency and duration, quality of life, and interactions with anticonvulsant medications.
Cannabidiol-hyaluronic acid combination delivered rectally for attenuating abacterial prostatitis symptoms: Single-arm open-label pilot clinical trial.
Single-arm open-label pilot trial on 16 men with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome using rectal suppositories containing cannabidiol (CBD) and hyaluronic acid (HA). The study found a median reduction in NIH-CPSI score and improvement in IPSS, with symptom improvement in 81.3% of participants. No adverse events were reported.
Medicinal cannabis plant extract (NTI164) modifies epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune pathways in paediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome.
Open-label trial of 14 children with chronic-relapsing PANS treated with 20 mg/kg/day NTI164 for 12 weeks. NTI164 was well-tolerated and significantly improved clinical outcomes in emotional regulation, OCD, tics, ADHD, and quality of life. Multi-omic analysis showed NTI164 modulated dysregulated epigenetic, ribosomal, and immune pathways.
Cannabidiol exerts antiinflammatory effects but maintains T effector memory cell differentiation in humans.
Phase I ex vivo study of 23 participants receiving oral CBD (Epidiolex) up to 5 mg/kg twice daily for 11 days. CBD showed mixed immunomodulatory effects, reducing T and CD70hi B lymphocyte proliferation and altering cytokine levels, with increased T effector memory cells and both pro- and antiinflammatory responses.
Full spectrum cannabis oil combined with omega-3 fish oil for neuropathic pain management: a novel therapeutic approach.
Animal study assessing the antinociceptive effects of combining CBD-enriched cannabis oil and omega-3 in rat models of acute and neuropathic pain. The combined treatment effectively prevented thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity and improved motor impairment-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Comprehensive Predictions of Cytochrome P450 (P450)-Mediated In Vivo Cannabinoid-Drug Interactions Based on Reversible and Time-Dependent P450 Inhibition in Human Liver Microsomes
The study investigates the inhibition potencies of cannabidiol (CBD), delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and their metabolites against cytochrome P450 enzymes using human liver microsomes. It predicts potential cannabinoid-drug interactions based on these inhibitory effects, suggesting significant interactions with drugs metabolized by CYP3A, CYP2C9, and other P450 enzymes.
Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions
In vitro study examining the inhibition potential of major cannabinoids and their metabolites on hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. THC metabolites and cannabinoids like CBD and CBN were found to inhibit several P450 enzymes, suggesting potential pharmacokinetic interactions with drugs metabolized by these enzymes.
Predicting the Potential for Cannabinoids to Precipitate Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions via Reversible Inhibition or Inactivation of Major Cytochromes P450
The study investigates the reversible inhibition and inactivation of cytochrome P450 enzymes by cannabinoids, specifically cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). It predicts a moderate to strong pharmacokinetic interaction risk between orally administered CBD and THC with drugs metabolized by CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A.
Allosteric and orthosteric pharmacology of cannabidiol and cannabidiol‐dimethylheptyl at the type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors
The study investigates the distinct pharmacology of (−)‐cannabidiol (CBD) and (−)‐cannabidiol‐dimethylheptyl (CBD‐DMH) at the type 1 and type 2 cannabinoid receptors, despite their near identical structures.
Cannabis-infused foods: Phytonutrients, health, and safe product innovations.
This narrative review evaluates existing evidence on the nutritional, processing, safety, and phytonutrient composition of cannabis-infused food products and their medicinal and functional prospects. Cannabis-infused foods have been found to offer therapeutic benefits for pain management, brain function, gut health, and certain cancers, but there are significant constraints regarding dosage guidelines, limited research, efficacy, and long-term health effects.
Drug Interactions of Tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol in Cannabinoid Drugs: Recommendations for Clinical Practice.
This narrative review examines the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drug interactions with cannabinoid drugs, specifically THC and CBD. It discusses how strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and inductors can affect the plasma concentrations of THC and CBD, and suggests that potential drug interactions are likely only at high doses.
Phytoradiotherapy to enhance cancer treatment outcomes with cannabidiol, bitter melon juice, and plant hemoglobin
The study investigates the radiosensitizing effects of phytomedicines, specifically cannabidiol, bitter melon, and plant hemoglobin, in enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. In pancreatic adenocarcinoma mouse models, these substances were found to enhance tumor cell killing, minimize tumor growth, and prolong survival.
Adverse Effects of Recreational and Medical Cannabis.
This comprehensive review discusses the adverse effects of cannabis for medical or recreational use, including its role in chronic pain treatment and cognitive and neurological impacts. Cannabis may alleviate chronic pain but is linked to neurocognitive deterioration and addiction, with risks higher for early-age users.
Cannabinoid pharmacology and its therapeutic uses in Alzheimer’s disease
The paper reviews the pharmacology of cannabinoids, particularly cannabidiol (CBD), and their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease. It discusses the neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids and the role of the endocannabinoid system in Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Development of a Novel Nanoemulsion Formulation to Improve Intestinal Absorption of Cannabidiol
The study developed a novel nanoemulsion formulation of cannabidiol (CBD-NE) to improve its solubility and absorption. Pharmacokinetic profiles in rats showed that CBD-NE significantly shortened Tmax and increased AUC compared to CBD oil. The CBD-NE formulation improved absorption regardless of bile secretion, unlike conventional CBD oil.
A marijuana-drug interaction primer: Precipitants, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics.
This narrative review discusses the evolving landscape of marijuana use in the U.S., focusing on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and drug interaction risks of cannabinoids. It highlights the need for more research on marijuana-drug interactions and the legal and regulatory challenges in conducting such studies.
Cannabidiol Adverse Effects and Toxicity
The paper reviews adverse effects and toxicity of cannabidiol (CBD), highlighting preclinical and clinical studies. It discusses CBD's therapeutic efficacy for conditions like Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes, while noting adverse effects such as drug-drug interactions, hepatic abnormalities, and somnolence.
Epidiolex as adjunct therapy for treatment of refractory epilepsy: a comprehensive review with a focus on adverse effects
This narrative review summarizes major findings from recent large-scale studies on Epidiolex, a 99% pure oral CBD extract, used as adjunct therapy for refractory epilepsy. The review focuses on the adverse effects of Epidiolex.
Potential Adverse Drug Events and Drug–Drug Interactions with Medical and Consumer Cannabidiol (CBD) Use
The paper reviews potential adverse drug events and drug-drug interactions associated with cannabidiol (CBD) use. It highlights the pharmacologic effects of CBD, common adverse events, and its interactions with drug metabolism and excretion pathways, emphasizing the need for awareness of safety issues in both medical and consumer contexts.