Research
Bitter Melon
105 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Efficacy of Momordica charantia in glycaemic control and insulin resistance among patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. A GRADE-adherent meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Meta-analysis of 25 trials with 34 sub-studies evaluating the effect of Momordica charantia on glycaemic control in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Results showed reduced fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR, but no effect on HOMA-β.
The effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on anthropometric indices in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 RCTs with 448 participants assessing the impact of bitter melon supplementation on anthropometric indices. The analysis found no significant reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, or percentage of body fat.
The Effects of Bitter Melon ( Mormordica charantia ) on Lipid Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 8 RCTs with 423 participants assessing the impact of bitter melon on lipid profile. Bitter melon consumption significantly decreased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, with subgroup analysis showing benefits in diabetic and prediabetic individuals at doses ≤2000 mg/day over ≤8 weeks.
The metabolic effect of Momordica charantia cannot be determined based on the available clinical evidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 9 RCTs with 414 patients assessing the efficacy of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) on metabolic syndrome parameters. No significant effects were observed on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, cholesterol levels, body weight, BMI, or blood pressure compared to placebo. The study highlights the need for longer trials to assess long-term effects.
Systematic review and meta-analysis protocol for efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia L. on animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus
This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia L. in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The review will include studies assessing the hypoglycemic activity of M. charantia L., with fasting blood glucose level as the primary endpoint.
The effect of bitter melon (Mormordica charantia) in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of four RCTs evaluating bitter melon supplementation in 208 patients with type 2 diabetes. Bitter melon did not significantly lower A1C or fasting plasma glucose compared to no treatment.
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) supplementation for twelve weeks improves biomarkers of glucose homeostasis in a prediabetic population.
Two RCTs assessed the effect of bitter gourd supplementation on glucose homeostasis in prediabetic subjects. Study 1 found no significant differences, but Study 2 showed significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR after 12 weeks of supplementation. No health risks or side effects were observed.
Investigation of the Influence of a Bitter Melon Product on Indicators of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults with Prediabetes.
This 12-week randomized, placebo-controlled study assessed the impact of bitter melon extract supplementation on glycemia in 75 adults with prediabetes. The high-dose and low-dose bitter melon groups showed smaller increases in blood glucose levels compared to the control group. A subgroup analysis showed a greater reduction in glycated hemoglobin in the high-dose group.
Momordica charantia (bitter melon) efficacy and safety on glucose metabolism in Korean prediabetes participants: a 12-week, randomized clinical study
A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled clinical study investigated the effects of bitter melon extract on glucose metabolism in prediabetic patients. The study found that the BME group showed a significant decrease in blood glucose levels and glucagon levels after 12 weeks, suggesting glucose-lowering effects.
Hypoglycemic efficacy and safety of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Randomized, placebo-controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of bitter melon as an adjuvant treatment in type 2 diabetes patients. After 12 weeks, the bitter melon group showed a decrease in average fasting glucose levels, while HbA1c levels remained unchanged. No serious adverse events were reported.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the hypoglycemic efficacy of the mcIRBP-19-containing Momordica charantia L. fruit extracts in the type 2 diabetic subjects
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the hypoglycemic efficacy of mcIRBP-19-containing Momordica charantia L. fruit extracts in type 2 diabetic subjects. The study found that mcIRBP-19-BGE significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels in subjects who did not respond to antidiabetic medications.
The Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaves Extractonon Glycated Albumin in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Randomized Controlled Trial
RCT of 30 diabetic foot ulcer patients comparing bitter melon leaves extract supplementation to placebo over 4 weeks. The study found no significant effect of bitter melon leaf extract on glycated albumin levels.
The effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) supplementation in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis: A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial.
Single-blinded RCT of 75 primary knee osteoarthritis patients comparing 3 months of Momordica charantia supplementation to placebo. The Momordica charantia group showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, fasting blood glucose, and analgesic score, with improvements in knee pain and symptoms.
Efficacy and Safety of PDM011011 Capsules as Compared to Metformin in Subjects with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Open-Label, Randomized, Active-Controlled, Multicentric, Phase III Study
Open-label, randomized, active-controlled, multicentric, phase III study comparing the efficacy and safety of PDM011011 capsule (bitter melon) with Metformin in 123 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 15 weeks. PDM011011 showed a modest reduction in fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels compared to Metformin.
Lower hypoglycemic but higher antiatherogenic effects of bitter melon than glibenclamide in type 2 diabetic patients.
RCT comparing the effects of bitter melon and glibenclamide in 95 type 2 diabetic patients over 10 weeks. Bitter melon showed weaker hypoglycemic effects but improved cardiovascular risk factors more effectively than glibenclamide.
Effect of bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn) on level and function of natural killer cells in cervical cancer patients with radiotherapy.
RCT investigating the effect of bitter melon on NK cells and P-glycoprotein levels in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Bitter melon ingestion did not affect NK cell levels but significantly decreased P-glycoprotein levels on NK cell membranes in the treatment group.
Enhancing the medicinal properties and phytochemical content of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) through elicitation with brassinosteroid, ethrel, and carrageenan
Field experiment conducted over two years to investigate the impact of Ethrel, brassinosteroids, and k-carrageenan on the phytochemical characteristics of bitter melon. The study found that these elicitors increased flavonoid accumulation, antioxidant activity, and the content of bioactive molecules momordicine and charantin, enhancing the medicinal properties of bitter melon.
Evaluation Of The Supplementation Of Bitter Melon Flour (Momordica charantia) As A Feed Additive To Physical And Chemical Content Of Broiler Meat
The study evaluated the supplementation of bitter melon flour as a feed additive on the physical and chemical quality of broiler meat. The results showed no significant differences in tenderness, Water Holding Capacity, protein content, and fat content of broiler meat compared to antibiotics used as a feed additive.
Ultrasound-Assisted Extractions for Improving the Recovery of Phenolics and Charantin from Bitter Melon and for Increasing the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Its Extracts
The study investigates ultrasound-assisted extraction methods to enhance the recovery of phenolics and charantin from bitter melon. The extracts obtained using ultrasound-assisted extraction showed higher total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, antidiabetic activity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity compared to conventional methods. The results suggest potential applications of these extracts as natural antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-obesity agents.
Extraction of Flavonoid Compound of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Fruit and Leaves Using the Soxhlet Method in Different Types of Solvent
The study investigates the effect of solvent polarity on the extraction of flavonoid bioactive compounds from bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruit and leaves using the Soxhlet method. Ethyl acetate showed the highest yield, while ethanol was best for extracting total flavonoid compounds.
Effect of Bitter Melon Extracts on Lipid Levels in Japanese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Study
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of bitter melon extracts on lipid metabolism in 43 Japanese adults over 30 days. The intervention group showed significantly lower LDL-C levels compared to the control group, suggesting potential therapeutic value for managing dyslipidemic conditions.
The Effect of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Leaves Extract on TNF-α Serum Levels and Diabetic Foot Ulcers Improvement : Randomized Controlled Trial
RCT of 30 patients with diabetic foot ulcers comparing bitter melon leaves extract to placebo for 4 weeks. The study found no effect of bitter melon leaves extract on serum TNF-α levels or improvement of diabetic foot ulcers.
Serum sialic acid changes in non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients following bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and rosiglitazone (Avandia) treatment.
RCT investigating serum sialic acid changes in NIDDM patients following treatment with bitter melon and rosiglitazone. Bitter melon showed no significant effect on serum sialic acid or glucose but increased total cholesterol within normal range, suggesting hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering properties. Rosiglitazone increased serum sialic acid, glucose, and cholesterol, with poor response in some patients.
Green fabrication of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of tropical vine Momordica charantia: spectral characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation on human breast cancer cells
The study used Momordica charantia leaf extract to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and evaluated their anticancer efficacy against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The AgNPs demonstrated cytotoxic effects and free-radical scavenging efficiency, suggesting potential medicinal applications.
Momordicine-I suppresses head and neck cancer growth by reprogrammimg immunosuppressive effect of the tumor-infiltrating macrophages and B lymphocytes.
The study investigates the antitumor activity of Momordicine-I (M-I) from bitter melon against head and neck cancer in immunocompetent mouse models. M-I reduces tumor growth by modulating immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, including macrophages and B lymphocytes, and inhibiting PD1, PD-L1, and FoxP3 expression.
Influences of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1 Fermentation on the Bitterness of Bitter Melon Juice, the Composition of Saponin Compounds, and Their Bioactivities
The study investigates the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dy-1 fermentation on bitter melon juice, focusing on nutritional components, flavor, and saponin composition. Fermentation increased polyphenol content, decreased bitterness, and maintained antioxidant activities, suggesting improved edibility and preserved bioactivities.
Profiling and In vivo studies of Bromelain Bitter Gourd (Momodica charantia) seed protein hydrolysate with antidiabetic activity
The study profiled bromelain bitter gourd seed protein hydrolysate and evaluated its antidiabetic activity in spontaneously diabetic rats. The hydrolysate decreased blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, glycogen levels, and lipid profile parameters in a dose-dependent manner after 21 days of oral administration.
Anticancer Activity of Bitter Melon-Derived Vesicles Extract against Breast Cancer
The study investigates the antitumor activity of bitter melon-derived vesicles extract (BMVE) against breast cancer. BMVE showed anti-proliferative, migration-inhibiting, and apoptosis-inducing effects on 4T1 breast cancer cells, and inhibited tumor growth in vivo with negligible adverse effects.
Antimicrobial Activity Test of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Plant Extract Against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli Bacteria and Candida albicans
Experimental laboratory study testing the antimicrobial activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plant extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans using the agar diffusion method. Bitter melon extract in ethanol solvent showed activity against the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli at a concentration of 60%, producing a powerful inhibition zone.
Effects of dietary wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia var. abbreviate Ser.) extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in HFD/STZ-induced type 2 diabetic rats.
The study investigated the effects of wild bitter melon extract on glucose and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. The ethanol extract of wild bitter melon effectively reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, alleviated glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and inhibited oxidative and inflammatory responses. The mechanism may involve regulation of the AMPK/PI3K signaling pathway.
Bio-evaluation of alkaloids and saponins from bitter melon: Probing more desirable compound in treating hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
The study evaluated the alkaloid and saponin contents of bitter melon parts (seeds, flesh, skin, whole fruit) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Bitter melon seeds, high in alkaloids, lowered blood glucose and increased insulin in hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic rats. The flesh, high in saponins, lowered cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and increased HDL levels.
Bitter melon extract suppresses metastatic breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells) growth possibly by hindering glucose uptake
In vitro study using MCF-7 human metastatic breast cancer cells to investigate the effects of bitter melon extract. The extract showed cytotoxic effects on the cancer cells, possibly by inhibiting glucose uptake. Insulin was found to rescue the cells from these effects.
Production and in vitro studies of Bitter Gourd (Momodica charantia) seed protein hydrolysates with antidiabetic activity
In vitro study of enzymatically hydrolyzed Bitter gourd seed protein to generate bioactive peptides with antidiabetic activity. Bromelain hydrolysate showed the highest DPP-IV, α-Glucosidase, and α-Amylase inhibitory activities, indicating potential antidiabetic effects.
Hair Mask Buah Pare Untuk Mengurangi Rambut Rontok Dan Berketombe
The study investigates the use of a hair mask made from bitter gourd (pare) to reduce hair loss and dandruff. It includes the manufacturing process, application method, and public acceptance, with 41 respondents testing the product. The hair mask is reported to be effective in reducing hair loss and dandruff.
Effect of superfine grinding on physical properties, bioaccessibility, and anti-obesity activities of bitter melon powders.
The study investigated the effects of superfine grinding on the physical properties, bioaccessibility, and anti-obesity activities of bitter melon powder. Superfine grinding improved the physical properties and bioaccessibility of phenolics, enhancing the anti-obesity activity of bitter melon by reducing serum insulin levels, reversing glucose intolerance, and decreasing serum lipids and hepatic lipid accumulation.
Bitter melon juice concentrate improves depressive symptoms in a mouse model: Possible effect on brain cortisol
Animal study testing the effect of bitter melon juice concentrate on depressive symptoms in a mouse model using the forced swimming test. Bitter melon significantly decreased immobility time and reduced cortisol levels in the brain, suggesting potential antidepressant effects.
Evaluation of acute and sub-chronic toxicity of bitter melon seed extract in Wistar rats
The study evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of bitter melon seed extract in Wistar rats using OECD guidelines. No mortality or toxicity was observed, and the NOAEL was greater than 1000 mg/kg BW, suggesting the extract is a non-toxic dietary ingredient.
Wild Bitter Melon Extract Abrogates Hypoxia-Induced Cell Death via the Regulation of Ferroptosis, ER Stress, and Apoptosis in Microglial BV2 Cells
The study investigates the protective effects of wild bitter melon extract on hypoxia-induced cell death in microglial BV2 cells. WBM was found to reverse hypoxia-downregulated antiferroptotic molecules and alleviate apoptosis, suggesting its potential as a candidate for preventing CNS disorders.
Effects of Dietary Bitter Melon Extract on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Inflammatory Cytokines Expression, and Intestinal Microbiota in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)
An 8-week feeding trial in common carp evaluated the effects of dietary bitter melon extract (BME) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokine expression, and intestinal microbiota. BME improved serum antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity, and modified intestinal microbiota, though it did not significantly affect growth performance.
Enhanced ultrasonically assisted extraction of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) leaf phenolic compounds using choline chloride-acetic acid–based natural deep eutectic solvent: an optimization approach and in vitro digestion
The study explores the use of ultrasonically assisted extraction with a choline chloride-acetic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvent to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from bitter melon leaves. The extraction method significantly improved the yield of phenolic compounds compared to traditional solvents, and the bioaccessibility of these compounds was evaluated, with vanillic acid being the most bioaccessible.
Extract of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia L.) as a Cytotoxic and Anti Proliferaton Agent for Cells WiDr (Colon Cancer)
The study investigates the cytotoxic and anti-proliferation effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) extract on colon cancer cells (WiDr). The extract showed an IC50 value of 111 μg/ml, indicating anticancer activity, and inhibited cell proliferation at specific concentrations.
Wild Bitter Melon Extract Regulates LPS-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation, Inflammation, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, and Ferroptosis
The study investigates the effects of wild bitter melon extract on LPS-induced hepatic stellate cell activation, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ferroptosis. Wild bitter melon treatment caused cell death and reactive oxygen species accumulation, suggesting its potential as an antifibrotic agent for liver fibrosis management.
Comparative Pre-clinical Efficacy of Chinese and Indian Cultivars of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) against Pancreatic Cancer
Pre-clinical study comparing the anti-pancreatic cancer efficacy of Chinese and Indian cultivars of bitter melon. Both lyophilized-juice and aqueous-methanolic extracts of the cultivars showed comparable efficacy in inhibiting pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, inducing cell death, suppressing tumor growth, and decreasing angiogenesis.
Biochemical Stress Markers, Antioxidants, and Infectious Wound-Healing Potential of UV Irradiation and Salt Stress Effects on the Pre-Treated Seed of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.)
The study investigated the effects of UV-B and salt stress on bitter melon seeds, focusing on biochemical markers, antioxidants, and wound-healing potential. Significant wound-healing potential was observed at 5 min UV-B treatment, studied in vivo in rabbits. The study highlights the antioxidant potential and enzymatic activities of bitter melon seeds.
Momordicine-I, a Bitter Melon Bioactive Metabolite, Displays Anti-Tumor Activity in Head and Neck Cancer Involving c-Met and Downstream Signaling
The study identified momordicine-I (M-I) as a bioactive component in bitter melon extract with anti-tumor activity against head and neck cancer (HNC). M-I inhibited HNC cell proliferation involving c-Met and downstream signaling in vitro and reduced tumor growth in pre-clinical mouse models without apparent toxic side effects.
Lipidomic Profile and Enzymes Activity in Hepatic Microsomes of Rats in Physiological and Pathological Conditions
The study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with pomegranate seed oil (PSO), bitter melon extract (BME), or both on fatty acids' profiles and enzyme activity in hepatic microsomes of rats. Results showed the cancerous process affected lipid metabolism and demonstrated antagonistic effects of the supplements on fatty acid content and enzyme activity.
Metabolite Profile of Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids of Bitter Melon (Fruit of Momordica charantia) and Their Inhibitory Activity against Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases Relevant to Insulin Resistance.
The study conducted a qualitative analysis of cucurbitane-type triterpenoids in bitter melon using advanced mass spectrometry techniques. It identified 27 promising compounds, with 22 being structurally characterized, including 8 new saponins. Nine compounds showed significant inhibitory activity against protein tyrosine phosphatases relevant to insulin resistance, suggesting potential antidiabetic properties.
Bitter Melon Extract Yields Multiple Effects on Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Likely Contributes to Anti-diabetic Functions
The study characterized the effects of bitter melon extract (BME) on intestinal epithelial cells, finding that BME promotes glucose utilization in insulin-resistant cells and acts as a GLP-1 secretagogue. These effects likely contribute to the anti-diabetic action of bitter melon.
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Fruit Bioactives Charantin and Vicine Potential for Diabetes Prophylaxis and Treatment
The study investigated the bioactive components charantin and vicine in bitter melon and their effects on diabetes management in Sprague Dawley rats. Bitter melon supplementation, particularly at 300 mg/kg whole fruit, significantly improved diabetic parameters, lowering blood glucose levels by 31.64% and increasing insulin levels by 27.35% in hyperglycemic rats.
Bitter melon fruit extract enhances intracellular ATP production and insulin secretion from rat pancreatic β-cells
The study investigated the effect of bitter melon fruit extract on insulin secretion from rat pancreatic β-cells. Bitter melon fruit extract and its hydrophobic fraction increased ATP production and insulin secretion, leading to decreased blood glucose levels in both normal and diabetic rats.
Bitter melon derived extracellular vesicles enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce the drug resistance of 5-fluorouracil on oral squamous cell carcinoma
The study explores the use of bitter melon-derived extracellular vesicles (BMEVs) to enhance the therapeutic effects and reduce drug resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). BMEVs demonstrated antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and downregulating NLRP3 expression, which contributed to reducing OSCC resistance to 5-FU.
Effects of Bitter Melon and a Chromium Propionate Complex on Symptoms of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes in Rat Models
Animal study on the effects of bitter melon and chromium propionate complex on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in high-fat-fed STZ-induced diabetic rats. Bitter melon tended to improve body mass gain, blood glucose, and LDL cholesterol values, but decreased chromium content in the liver and kidneys. Chromium had no appreciable effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. The combination of both supplements showed antagonistic effects.
Potential Biomarkers of Peripheral and Central Fatigue in High-Intensity Trained Athletes at High-Temperature: A Pilot Study with Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon)
Pilot study investigating the efficacy of Momordica charantia extract (MCE) on fatigue in 10 male tennis players during high-intensity training in hot environments. MCE intake over 4 weeks positively influenced fatigue parameters, with changes in ammonia, serotonin, dopamine, and prolactin levels, suggesting MCE can combat fatigue.
Wild Bitter Melon Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Upregulating Injury-Attenuated CISD2 Expression following Spinal Cord Injury
The study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of wild bitter melon (WBM) in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI). WBM was found to mitigate SCI-induced downregulation of CISD2, PPAR-β, and IκB, and reduce astrocyte reactivation, suggesting its potential role in modulating proinflammatory signaling pathways.
Pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract supplemented in diet influence the lipid profile and intensity of peroxidation in livers of SPRD rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen.
The study evaluated the effects of diet supplementation with pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract on lipid profiles and oxidative status in the livers of SPRD rats exposed to a chemical carcinogen. Supplementation increased cholesterol and malondialdehyde levels while reducing selected oxysterols, with effects varying based on carcinogen exposure.
Suppression of Inflammatory Cytokines Expression with Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) in TNBS-instigated Ulcerative Colitis
The study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) on inflammatory cytokine expression in a rat model of TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis. Bitter melon treatment significantly reduced bodyweight loss and restored elevated levels of inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α to normal levels, suggesting its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.
Effects of different heat treatments on the antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content of bitter melon, Momordica charantia
The study investigated the effects of different heat treatments on the antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content of Momordica charantia extracts. All cooked extracts showed higher antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content compared to the uncooked sample, with microwaving retaining the most ascorbic acid.
Evaluation of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) cultivars grown in Texas and levels of various phytonutrients.
The study evaluated the cultivation of five bitter melon cultivars in Texas, assessing yield and levels of phytonutrients such as ascorbic acid, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. The study found that bitter melon can be grown commercially in Texas and is a rich source of these nutrients, which are beneficial for human health.
Nutraceutical Potential of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) on Cancer Treatment: An Overview of In Vitro and Animal Studies
Narrative review of in vitro and animal studies on bitter melon (Momordica charantia) for cancer treatment. The review highlights its bioactive compounds, extracts, and potential in enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy, with promising cytotoxic and apoptotic effects across various cancer cell lines. Animal studies validate its antitumor potential, but insights into mechanisms remain limited.
Momordica charantia L.: Functional Health Benefits and Uses in the Food Industry
Narrative review of Momordica charantia's bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides, saponins, polyphenols, alkaloids, and polypeptide-p, highlighting its potential in managing diabetes and metabolic disorders. The review discusses its antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and antibacterial effects, and its use in food industry fortification to enhance nutritional therapies.
Therapeutic Potential of Momordicine I from Momordica charantia: Cardiovascular Benefits and Mechanisms
Narrative review of momordicine I, a bioactive compound from Momordica charantia (bitter melon), highlighting its potential cardiovascular benefits. Preclinical studies suggest antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, antihypertrophic, antifibrotic, and antioxidative properties, with mechanisms involving modulation of insulin signaling, inflammatory pathways, and apoptosis.
Multidimensional Uses of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.) Considering the Important Functions of its Chemical Components.
Narrative review of bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) highlighting its pharmaceutical benefits such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antihelmintic, antidiabetic effects, and treatment of skin conditions. The review surveys recent findings on the health benefits of bitter melon.
Effect of giving Extract Ethanol from Bitter Gourd Fruit (Momordica Charantia L) on the Quality and Quantity of Mouse Spermatozoa (Mus Musculus)
Experimental study on the effects of bitter melon ethanol extract on mouse spermatozoa. Mice were given different doses of the extract, resulting in a significant decrease in spermatozoa number, motility, and viability, with the most effective dose being 100 mg/100 gBW/day.
The Role of Bitter Melon in Breast and Gynecological Cancer Prevention and Therapy
This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the anticancer effects of bitter melon, focusing on its role in breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer prevention and therapy. It highlights the promising antitumor effects of bitter melon and discusses future research recommendations.
New insights into the bioactive polysaccharides, proteins, and triterpenoids isolated from bitter melon (Momordica charantia) and their relevance for nutraceutical and food application: A review.
This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on bioactive compounds isolated from Momordica charantia, focusing on polysaccharides, proteins, and triterpenoids. It discusses extraction methods, structural features, biological properties, and potential applications in nutraceutical and food products.
A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, nutritional and pharmacological properties of Momordica charantia
Narrative review on the phytochemistry, nutritional, and pharmacological properties of Momordica charantia, also known as bitter gourd or bitter melon. The review highlights its use in folk medicine for various pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic, anticancerous, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antimalarial, and antihelmintic effects.
Momordica charantia L.—Diabetes-Related Bioactivities, Quality Control, and Safety Considerations
This narrative review discusses the antidiabetic properties of Momordica charantia (bitter gourd), focusing on its effects on blood glucose and lipid concentrations. It evaluates the bioactivities of compounds isolated from the plant and methods for quality control and standardization of commercial preparations.
A review on salient pharmacological features and chemical constituents of bitter melon
This review provides information on the distribution, cultivation, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activity of bitter melon (Momordica charantia). It highlights the medicinal potential of its bioactive components and their use in value-added food items, with potential effects against ailments such as cancer recurrence, diabetes mellitus, abdominal pain, kidney stones, fever, and scabies.
Diverse roles of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) in prevention of oral cancer
This narrative review discusses the potential anticancer effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Bitter melon extract has been found to inhibit cell proliferation and metabolism, induce cell death, and enhance the immune defense system in the prevention of OSCC in vitro and in vivo.
Bitter Melon and Diabetes Mellitus
The paper reviews the use of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) in diabetes management, highlighting its effects on enhancing insulin sensitivity, repairing pancreas islet β-cells, and stimulating insulin secretion. It discusses the hypoglycemic mechanisms of bitter melon, including its role as a GLP-1 receptor agonist and 11β-HSD1 inhibitor.
Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract Affect Fatty Acids Composition and Metabolism in Hepatic Tissue in Rats
The study assessed the effects of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon extract (BME) on fatty acids metabolism and prostaglandin E2 levels in rat liver. PSO increased rumenic acid content and n-6 fatty acids accumulation, while both PSO and BME reduced Δ6-desaturase activity and PGE2 levels, suggesting potential health-promoting properties.
Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia), a Nutraceutical Approach for Cancer Prevention and Therapy
Narrative review summarizing recent progress in testing the cancer preventive and therapeutic activity of bitter melon. The review focuses on underlying molecular mechanisms and highlights the potential of bitter melon as a cancer preventive and therapeutic agent.
The anti-inflammatory effects of Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) fruit extracts on interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes
The study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of Indonesian and Japanese bitter melon extracts on interleukin-1β-treated hepatocytes. Both extracts suppressed nitric oxide production and iNOS protein expression without cytotoxicity, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory properties.
Inhibition of the key metabolic pathways, glycolysis and lipogenesis, of oral cancer by bitter melon extract
The study evaluated the effect of bitter melon extract (BME) on glycolysis and lipid metabolism pathways in human oral cancer cells. BME treatment significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of key glycolytic and lipogenesis genes, decreased pyruvate and lactate levels, and inhibited lipid raft marker expression. BME also induced ER-stress and mitochondrial ROS, facilitating apoptosis in oral cancer cells.
Momordica charantia (Indian and Chinese Bitter Melon) Extracts Inducing Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A549 via ROS-Mediated Mitochodria Injury
In vitro study of Chinese and Indian bitter melon extracts on human lung cancer cell line A549. Chinese hot aqueous extraction exhibited potent antiproliferative activity, inducing apoptosis via ROS-mediated mitochondria injury.
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L) Fruit Decreased Blood Glucose Level and Improved Lipid Profile of Streptozotocin Induced Hyperglycemia Rats
Animal study on the effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) on streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia rats. Bitter melon administration decreased blood glucose levels by 56% and improved lipid profiles, including reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL cholesterol, and an increase in HDL cholesterol.
Bitter melon extract ameliorates palmitate-induced apoptosis via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress in HepG2 cells and high-fat/high-fructose-diet-induced fatty liver
The study investigates the protective mechanism of bitter melon extract (BME) against endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 cells and high-fat/high-fructose diet-induced fatty liver in mice. BME significantly decreased ER-stress markers and apoptotic activity in vitro and reduced hepatic triglyceride and serum markers of hepatic damage in vivo.
Potential adverse effects of botanical supplementation in high-fat-fed female mice
The study evaluated the effects of botanical supplements, Artemisia dracunculus (PMI5011) and bitter melon, on female mice fed a high-fat diet. PMI5011 increased body weight and adiposity, while bitter melon did not. Both supplements increased hepatic glucose production and suppressed fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle, indicating enhanced metabolic flexibility. PMI5011 reduced lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, and bitter melon showed a downward trend in lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle and liver.
Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) in Combination with Metformin Potentiates Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Effects in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats
The study investigated the effects of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) in combination with metformin on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The combination therapy significantly decreased blood glucose levels and improved lipid profiles compared to monotherapy, suggesting enhanced hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects.
Disrupting cholesterol esterification by bitter melon suppresses triple‐negative breast cancer cell growth
The study investigates the effects of bitter melon extract (BME) on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell growth. BME treatment reduced esterified cholesterol accumulation and inhibited ACAT-1 expression in TNBC cells, leading to suppressed tumor growth in mouse models.
Anti-diabetic Effects of Ethanol Extract from Bitter Melon in Mice Fed a High-fat Diet
The study investigated the effects of ethanol extract from bitter melon (BME) as a dietary supplement in mice fed a high-fat diet. BME significantly reduced body weight, total fat mass, insulin resistance, and hepatic fat, indicating its potential as a preventive measure against type 2 diabetes.
Bitter melon protects against ER stress in LS174T colonic epithelial cells
In vitro study on the effects of bitter melon extract (BME) on ER stress in LS174T colonic epithelial cells. BME pre-treatment significantly reduced mRNA and protein expression of ER stress markers, suggesting its potential as a dietary intervention for ameliorating ER stress and oxidation in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Bitter Melon Enhances Natural Killer–Mediated Toxicity against Head and Neck Cancer Cells
In vitro study showing that bitter melon extract (BME) enhances the ability of NK cells to kill head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. BME increases granzyme B accumulation and CD107a/LAMP1 translocation in NK cells, as well as cell surface expression of CD16 and NKp30.
Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Extract Inhibits Tumorigenicity and Overcomes Cisplatin-Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells Through Targeting AMPK Signaling Cascade
The study investigates the effects of bitter melon extract (BME) on ovarian cancer cells, focusing on its antitumorigenic properties and ability to overcome cisplatin resistance. BME was found to activate AMPK signaling, reducing tumor growth in vitro and in vivo without observable toxicity.
The Efficacy of Lowering Blood Glucose Levels Using the Extracts of Fermented Bitter Melon in the Diabetic Mice
Animal study investigating the effects of fermented bitter melon extracts on diabetic mice. The extracts significantly lowered blood glucose levels, protected against liver damage, and maintained favorable lipid profiles in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
Binding Energy calculation of GSK-3 protein of Human against some anti-diabetic compounds of Momordica charantia linn (Bitter melon)
The study investigates the binding energy of three anti-diabetic compounds from Momordica charantia (charantin, momordenol, and momordicilin) against the GSK-3 protein using molecular docking. Momordicilin showed the minimum binding energy, suggesting potential efficacy in blocking GSK-3.
Effect of Superfine Grinding on Antidiabetic Activity of Bitter Melon Powder
The study investigated the antidiabetic activities of bitter melon powders produced with different processing methods in vivo. Bitter melon lyophilized superfine grinding powder (BLSP) showed higher antidiabetic activity by reducing fasting blood glucose and serum insulin levels, and protecting pancreatic tissues compared to bitter melon hot air drying powder (BAP).
Momordica charantia (bitter melon) inhibits primary human adipocyte differentiation by modulating adipogenic genes
The study investigated the effects of bitter melon juice (BMJ) on lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in primary human preadipocytes and adipocytes. BMJ significantly reduced lipid content and mRNA expression of adipogenic transcription factors, suggesting it inhibits lipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis in human adipocytes.
Activating effect of momordin, extract of bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.), on the promoter of human PPARdelta.
The study investigated the effect of momordin, an extract of bitter melon, on the promoter activity of human PPARdelta in HepG2 cells. Momordin significantly increased PPARdelta mRNA expression and promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner.
Genotoxicity of Momordica charantia Extract in Swiss Albino Mice (Mus musculus)
The study assessed the genotoxic potential of Momordica charantia (Bitter melon) in Swiss albino mice using micronucleus assays. Mice were administered doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg of the extract, and the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was significantly increased at all doses, indicating potential genotoxicity.
Effect of Bitter Melon on Spatial Memory of Rats Receiving a High-Fat Diet
Animal study examining the effect of bitter melon on spatial memory in rats on a high-fat diet using a Morris Water Maze. Bitter melon improved memory function in the high-fat diet group, suggesting a protective effect on cognitive function.
Momordica charantia, a Nutraceutical Approach for Inflammatory Related Diseases
Narrative review of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) discussing its anti-inflammatory and anti-neoplastic properties, pharmacological activity, and potential adverse effects. Highlights the need for systematic clinical studies to establish its efficacy and safety in humans.
Emerging Antitumor Activities of the Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia).
This narrative review summarizes recent progress in the antitumor activities of bitter melon (Momordica charantia), focusing on its underlying molecular mechanisms. The review highlights the need for further mechanistic studies and clinical trials to verify its medicinal applications.
Formulation and Characterization of Bitter Melon Extract (Momordica charantia) Loaded Phytosomes
The paper discusses the formulation and characterization of bitter melon extract loaded phytosomes, highlighting its traditional use in treating diabetes, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and microbial infections. It emphasizes the antidiabetic properties of bitter melon, supported by studies showing significant blood glucose reduction in diabetic mice and fructosamine level reduction in type 2 diabetic patients.
Effectiveness of bitter melon extract in the treatment of ischemic wounds in rats
Animal study investigating the efficacy of dressings using bitter melon extract, olive oil, nitrofurazone, and saline on ischemic wound healing in rats. Bitter melon extract showed the highest wound healing percentage (94.7%) and macroscopic reepithelialization in 75% of wounds by day 21.
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) attenuates atherosclerosis in apo-E knock-out mice possibly through reducing triglyceride and anti-inflammation
Animal study on ApoE-/- mice to assess the effects of bitter melon on atherosclerosis. Bitter melon reduced body weight gain, serum triglycerides, atherosclerotic plaque area, and inflammatory markers, suggesting it may attenuate atherosclerosis through triglyceride reduction and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a natural healthy vegetable
The paper discusses the health benefits of bitter melon (Momordica charantia), highlighting its bioactive compounds like p-insulin and charantin that help control blood sugar levels and regulate blood cholesterol. It also addresses its potential in improving antioxidant status and reducing fat accumulation.
Momordica Charantia (Bitter Melon): Safety and Efficacy During Pregnancy and Lactation
Narrative review of the literature on the use, safety, efficacy, and pharmacology of Momordica charantia during pregnancy and lactation. No scientific evidence supports its use during these periods, and animal studies indicate potential abortifacient effects. Caution is advised until human research is conducted.
Effects of Karela (Bitter Melon; Momordica charantia) on genes of lipids and carbohydrates metabolism in experimental hypercholesterolemia: biochemical, molecular and histopathological study
The study investigated the effects of bitter melon (karela) on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes in hypercholesterolemic Wistar rats. Karela administration ameliorated oxidative stress markers and normalized altered gene expressions related to lipid metabolism, demonstrating its potential hypocholesterolemic effects.
Effects of Momordica charantia (Bitter Melon) on Ischemic Diabetic Myocardium
Animal study using a rat model to test the effects of bitter melon extract on cardiovascular tissue in the context of type 2 diabetes and related cardiovascular disease. Bitter melon treatment improved postischemic cardiac functions and reduced infarct size in Lean rats, and modulated serum cholesterol levels, suggesting potential as an adjuvant therapy for managing T2DM and cardiovascular diseases.