Research
Beetroot
117 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on High-Intensity Cycling Sprint Performance in Recreationally Active Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on cycling sprint performance in recreationally active adults. The analysis of six studies found that acute nitrate supplementation significantly improved time-to-peak power during 30-second cycling sprints, but had no significant effect on mean power, peak power, or minimum power.
Limited Effects of Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation on Exercise Training Responses: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine studies with 228 participants examining the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise training responses. The analysis found no significant enhancement in VO2 or time to exhaustion with NO supplementation. A trend for improvement in VO2 was noted in healthy participants consuming beetroot juice.
Does Co-Supplementation with Beetroot Juice and Other Nutritional Supplements Positively Impact Sports Performance?: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review examining the effects of co-supplementation with beetroot juice and other nutritional supplements on sports performance. The study found that the effectiveness of combining beetroot juice with another supplement depends on the duration of the chronic intervention, with greater benefits observed over longer periods.
The Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Explosive Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review examining the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on explosive exercise performance. Out of 18 eligible studies, some showed improvements in sprint time, power output, and total work in cycling or running, as well as power and velocity in resistance-based exercises. Results suggest potential benefits of nitrate for explosive performance, but further research is needed.
Effects of Nitrate Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Mass: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review examines the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on muscle strength and hypertrophy when combined with exercise. It includes 12 studies with 1,571 subjects, using nitrate-rich beetroot juice, potassium nitrate capsules, or increased dietary nitrate. Six studies observed an ergogenic effect, with best results from a minimum acute dose of 400 mg nitrate as beetroot juice taken before exercise.
Impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise capacity and cardiovascular parameters in chronic respiratory disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary nitrate supplementation, primarily as beetroot juice, on exercise capacity and cardiovascular parameters in chronic respiratory disease. Found reduced blood pressure and increased walk distance in pulmonary rehabilitation, but no consistent benefit in short-term studies.
The Effect of Beetroot Ingestion on High-Intensity Interval Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of dietary beetroot supplementation on performance during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT). The analysis included 17 studies and found no significant improvement in peak or mean power output with beetroot supplementation.
The Effect of Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice on Markers of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Human Intervention Trials.
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in humans. Beetroot juice accelerated isometric strength recovery and countermovement jump performance post-exercise, and increased pressure pain threshold. It had no effect on oxidative stress markers and creatine kinase, but increased c-reactive protein levels compared to placebo.
Efficacy of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effect of dietary nitrate-rich beetroot juice on COPD patients. The analysis showed no significant effect on cardiovascular events or exercise performance, but an improvement in the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale, indicating increased exercise and physical activity level.
Effectiveness of beetroot juice derived nitrates supplementation on fatigue resistance during repeated-sprints: a systematic review.
Systematic review of 18 studies examining the effect of beetroot juice-derived nitrates on fatigue resistance during repeated sprints. Chronic intake of 5-6 mmol of nitrates in 70 ml of beetroot juice twice a day for 3-6 days, or acute intake 2.5-3 hours before exertion, improved fatigue resistance by 1.2-5.38%.
Effect of Beetroot Extract Supplementation on Serum Fatty Acid Profiles and Oxidative Stress Markers in Chronic Coronary Artery Disease Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
Secondary analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial on 90 chronic coronary artery disease patients. Beetroot capsule consumption improved serum omega 3 fatty acids, total oxidant status, and myeloperoxidase levels, indicating positive effects on heart health and inflammation.
Oral nitrate supplementation improves cardiovascular risk markers in COPD: ON-BC, a randomised controlled trial.
The ON-BC trial was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in COPD patients, comparing nitrate-rich beetroot juice to placebo over 12 weeks. Nitrate supplementation lowered systolic blood pressure, improved 6-min walk distance, and enhanced endothelial function.
Influence of Chronic Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Supplementation on the Endurance Performance of Active Winter Triathletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT of 80 young active winter triathletes examining the effects of 7-day nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on endurance performance. BRJ improved running economy at high speed and extended time to exhaustion during cycling, but did not enhance 10-km cross country skiing performance.
Performance and Health Benefits of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation in Older Adults: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review of 12 trials on nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation in older adults. Found improvements in physiological performance and mixed effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health. Cognitive performance effects were unclear, and no benefits were found for metabolic health.
Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cardiorespiratory Endurance in Athletes. A Systematic Review.
Systematic review analyzing the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. The review suggests beetroot juice can improve endurance by increasing efficiency and performance at various distances, though results are mixed and interactions with other supplements like caffeine may undermine effects.
Beetroot juice or creatine: which yields greater short-term benefits for resistance training capacity, performance and key physiological responses?
This randomized controlled crossover trial compared the short-term effects of creatine and beetroot juice on resistance training performance and physiological responses over a 72-hour supplementation period in 11 novice resistance-trained men. Creatine improved repetition performance at 80% 1RM in bench press, while beetroot juice provided broader cardiometabolic and autonomic benefits, including higher intramuscular oxygen saturation, lower peak heart rate, and more favorable autonomic recovery.
Dietary nitrate supplementation enhances exercise capacity in WHO Group 3 pulmonary hypertension: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised crossover study (EDEN-OX2).
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 19 adults with Group 3 pulmonary hypertension. Dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice improved endurance shuttle walk time, endothelial function, and lowered mean arterial blood pressure compared to placebo.
Short-Term Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Strength, Reduces Fatigue, and Promotes Recovery in Physically Active Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Crossover Trial.
This randomized, double-blind, crossover trial investigated the effects of short-term beetroot juice supplementation on resistance training performance and recovery in 12 resistance-trained males. Beetroot juice significantly increased repetitions at 80% 1RM, improved movement velocity, enhanced muscle oxygenation, reduced cardiovascular strain, and accelerated recovery, highlighting its potential benefits for athletes during intense resistance training.
Prior beetroot juice ingestion prevents the temporal reduction of endothelial function following acute high-intensity resistance exercise.
RCT with 12 young males evaluating the effect of beetroot juice ingestion on endothelial function following high-intensity resistance exercise. The study found that beetroot juice ingestion prevented endothelial function impairment immediately after exercise, as indicated by greater brachial artery flow-mediated dilation compared to placebo.
Dietary nitrate and muscle contractile function in women: effect of menstrual cycle phase.
This study used a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design to assess the effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation from concentrated beetroot juice on muscle function in 12 normally menstruating women during different phases of their menstrual cycle. The study found that dietary nitrate had no effect on maximal muscle power or velocity, nor on peak twitch torque, rate of torque development, rate of relaxation, or the torque frequency relationship during either menstrual phase.
Dose-response relationship between dietary nitrate intake and nitric oxide congeners in various blood compartments and skeletal muscle: Differential effects on skeletal muscle torque and velocity.
This randomized crossover study investigated the dose-response relationship between dietary nitrate intake from beetroot juice and nitric oxide congeners in blood and skeletal muscle. It found that higher doses of nitrate improved muscle contractile torque and velocity, with significant enhancements in muscle performance metrics following ingestion of 12.8 mmol and 19.2 mmol nitrate compared to placebo.
Beetroot juice intake positively influenced gut microbiota and inflammation but failed to improve functional outcomes in adults with long COVID: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Pilot RCT of beetroot juice supplementation in adults with long COVID. Beetroot juice improved gut microbiota composition and inflammatory mediators but did not significantly improve functional outcomes compared to placebo.
Preworkout dietary nitrate magnifies training-induced benefits to physical function in late postmenopausal women: a randomized pilot study.
A randomized pilot study of 24 postmenopausal women comparing the effects of preworkout beetroot juice combined with exercise to exercise alone over 8 weeks. The beetroot juice group showed greater improvements in physical function indices, including 6-min walk test distance, aerobic capacity, and heart rate recovery.
Effects of an Isotonic Beetroot Drink on Power Output During Sprint Exercise and Jump Performance in Physically Active Individuals: A Randomized Crossover Trial.
This randomized crossover trial investigated the effects of an isotonic beetroot drink on sprint and jump performance in 23 physically active individuals. The isotonic beetroot drink significantly improved peak power output during sprint cycling compared to regular beetroot juice, but did not affect jump performance.
Beet supplementation mitigates post-exercise inflammation
This study investigated the efficacy of a mixed beet-based supplement versus placebo in countering inflammation during recovery from intensive cycling in 20 cyclists. The BEET supplement increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and elevated post-exercise levels of anti-inflammatory oxylipins, while reducing inflammation-related proteins.
A Single Dose of Beetroot Juice not Enhance Performance during Intervallic Swimming Efforts.
This study examined the effects of acute beetroot juice intake on swimming performance and physiological variables during high-intensity interval exercise in 18 competitive swimmers. The results showed no significant differences in 100 m times, lactate concentration, or subjective measures between the beetroot juice and placebo groups, although there was a possible positive effect on exercise tolerance at the end of effort.
Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Aerobic Capacity in Female Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study.
RCT evaluating the effect of beetroot juice supplementation on aerobic work capacity in 18 female endurance athletes. The beetroot juice group showed significant improvements in minute ventilation, respiratory equivalents, heart rate, and a 4.82% increase in maximal oxygen consumption compared to the placebo group.
Acute inorganic nitrate ingestion does not impact oral microbial composition, cognitive function, or high-intensity exercise performance in female team-sport athletes.
This study investigated the effects of acute nitrate-rich beetroot juice ingestion on exercise performance, oral microbiota composition, and cognitive flexibility in 15 female team-sport athletes. The findings showed no significant impact on oral microbiome, exercise performance, or cognitive function.
The effects of dietary nitrate ingestion on physical performance tests in 50-65 years old postmenopausal women: A pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and crossover study.
This pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated the effects of dietary nitrate ingestion via beetroot juice on physical performance in 50-65 years old postmenopausal women. The study found that beetroot juice with nitrate improved performance in the 6-minute walk test, suggesting benefits for activities with longer durations.
Acute effects of various doses of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on high-intensity interval exercise responses in women: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial.
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigated the acute effects of various doses of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on high-intensity interval exercise responses in 13 recreationally active young women. Nitrate supplementation significantly lowered heart rate and perceived exertion compared to placebo, but no additional benefit was observed with higher nitrate content.
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on oxygen delivery/consumption and critical impulse during maximal effort forearm exercise in males: a randomized crossover trial.
Randomized crossover trial investigating the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on oxygen delivery and exercise performance during maximal effort forearm exercise in healthy males. The study found that beetroot juice did not influence oxygen delivery or exercise performance, although it reduced the oxygen cost of contraction as contraction impulse declined.
Acute impact of inorganic nitrate supplementation after ischemia and during small muscle mass exercise in postmenopausal females: A pilot study.
Pilot RCT in postmenopausal females examining the effects of acute inorganic nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on vascular function. The study found that nitrate supplementation significantly reduced mean arterial pressure at rest and during incremental exercise, indicating potential benefits for blood pressure management.
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on oxygen delivery/consumption and limit of tolerance during progressive forearm exercise in men: a randomized crossover trial.
Randomized crossover trial investigating the effect of beetroot juice supplementation on forearm oxygen delivery and consumption during progressive exercise in healthy men. The study found that beetroot juice did not improve oxygen delivery or performance, despite an increased arteriovenous oxygen difference at submaximal intensities.
Acute beetroot juice reduces blood pressure in young Black and White males but not females.
This randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study investigated the effects of acute beetroot juice supplementation on blood pressure in 18 Black and 20 White young adults. Beetroot juice reduced resting brachial systolic blood pressure similarly in Black and White males, but not in females. The study suggests that beetroot juice can reduce systolic blood pressure, particularly in males.
Sex differences in the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy and endurance capacity in healthy young adults.
Double-blind, randomized, crossover study investigating sex differences in the effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy and endurance capacity in 12 females and 14 males. Results showed that nitrate supplementation improved exercise economy and capacity in males but not in females, suggesting sex-dependent effects.
The acute effects of exercise intensity and inorganic nitrate supplementation on vascular health in females after menopause.
This study examined the effects of acute exercise at differing intensities with and without inorganic nitrate supplementation on vascular function in postmenopausal females. Inorganic nitrate, in the form of beetroot juice, improved peak flow-mediated dilation (FMD) postexercise, particularly when combined with high-intensity exercise, suggesting benefits for vascular health.
Acute and short-term beetroot juice nitrate-rich ingestion enhances cardiovascular responses following aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension: A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial.
A triple-blinded RCT investigated the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice ingestion on cardiovascular and autonomic performance in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension. The study found that acute and short-term beetroot juice ingestion significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and improved flow-mediated dilation and heart rate variability post-exercise compared to placebo.
Influence of acute dietary nitrate supplementation timing on nitrate metabolism, central and peripheral blood pressure and exercise tolerance in young men.
RCT with 12 males testing the timing of NO-rich beetroot juice supplementation on nitrate metabolism, blood pressure, and exercise tolerance. Beetroot juice increased plasma nitrate levels and lowered central systolic blood pressure but did not improve exercise tolerance or brachial systolic blood pressure.
Acute beetroot juice supplementation did not enhance intermittent running performance in trained rugby players.
RCT with 12 trained rugby union players testing acute beetroot juice supplementation on intermittent running performance. Beetroot juice increased plasma NO and nitrite concentrations but did not enhance performance in the modified Yo-Yo IR1 test or countermovement jumps.
Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Muscle Soreness and Performance Recovery after Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Female Volleyball Players.
RCT with 12 female volleyball players using a cross-over, double-blind design to evaluate beetroot juice supplementation on recovery after exercise-induced muscle damage. Beetroot juice improved wall-sit performance, reduced thigh swelling, and decreased perceived muscle soreness compared to placebo.
The effects of inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy and endurance capacity across the menstrual cycle.
This study examined the effects of oral inorganic nitrate supplementation on exercise economy, endurance capacity, and vascular health in young females across the menstrual cycle. Ten females were tested in a double-blinded, randomized design during both the early and late follicular phases. Inorganic nitrate supplementation, in the form of beetroot juice, worsened time to exhaustion by 10% but did not affect exercise economy or vascular health.
Effects of Acute Beetroot Juice and Sodium Nitrate on Selected Blood Metabolites and Response to Transient Ischemia: A Crossover Randomized Clinical Trial.
A crossover randomized clinical trial with 8 healthy young adults evaluated the effects of acute ingestion of beetroot juice and sodium nitrate on blood metabolites and response to transient ischemia. Beetroot juice increased plasma betaine, choline, and NOx levels more effectively than sodium nitrate, positively affecting endothelial and mitochondrial functions.
The effect of eight weeks beetroot juice supplement on aerobic, anaerobic power, and field performance of soccer players.
Experimental study on the effect of eight weeks of beetroot juice supplementation on aerobic power, anaerobic power, and field performance in male soccer players. The group receiving both exercise and beetroot juice showed significant improvements in all measured variables compared to other groups.
Effect of high nitrate vegetable juice supplementation on plasma nitrate and blood pressure in adults: a pilot randomized crossover intervention in healthy volunteers.
Pilot randomized crossover trial investigating the effect of high nitrate vegetable juices on plasma nitrate concentrations and blood pressure in 18 healthy adults. Both beetroot juice and green leafy vegetable juice increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, though no statistically significant difference was found between the two juices.
Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Venous Vascular Response to Static Exercise in Healthy Young Adults.
RCT with 16 healthy young adults testing the effect of acute beetroot juice supplementation on venous vascular response to static exercise. Despite increased plasma nitrate levels, beetroot juice did not alter sympathetic venoconstriction or mean arterial pressure response compared to control.
Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Performance and Muscle Oxygenation during Resistance Exercise in Men.
This study assessed the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on performance and muscle oxygenation during resistance exercise in 14 recreationally active males. The study found that acute beetroot juice ingestion increased repetitions-to-failure in bench press by 5% compared to placebo, but no differences were observed for back squat or power and velocity measures.
Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults.
Double-blind, randomized, crossover study with 12 recreational males assessing the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on intermittent running performance. The study found that acute beetroot juice supplementation enhanced performance in the Yo-Yo IR1 test but did not reduce the oxygen cost of exercise.
Beetroot Juice Produces Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Reduces Internal Load during Resistance Training in Men: A Randomized Double-Blind Crossover.
Randomized double-blind crossover study assessing the effect of acute beetroot juice supplementation compared to placebo on blood pressure, heart rate, heart rate variability, and internal load during resistance training in 11 men. Beetroot juice reduced internal load and enhanced performance as measured by RMSSD-Slope.
Moderate dose of dietary nitrate improves skeletal muscle microvascular function in patients with peripheral artery disease.
RCT investigating the effects of dietary nitrate in the form of beetroot juice on skeletal muscle microvascular function and walking distance in patients with peripheral artery disease. The study found improved skeletal muscle microvascular function, longer 6-min walking distance, and faster recovery post-exercise in the beetroot juice group.
Marching to the Beet: The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on high altitude exercise performance and adaptation during a military trekking expedition.
Single-blinded RCT of 22 healthy adults investigating the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on exercise performance and high altitude acclimatisation during a military expedition. Beetroot juice increased salivary nitrite levels and prevented the decline in fitness scores at high altitude, but did not affect the occurrence of high altitude illness.
Neither Beetroot Juice Supplementation nor Increased Carbohydrate Oxidation Enhance Economy of Prolonged Exercise in Elite Race Walkers.
Crossover investigation with beetroot juice (BRJ) or placebo in 14 elite male race walkers during a 26 km race walking. No differences were found between BRJ and placebo trials for carbohydrate or fat oxidation or oxygen consumption. A parallel group investigation with 19 athletes showed higher rates of carbohydrate oxidation with a multi-pronged strategy compared to control, but no differences in exercise economy were detected.
Dietary nitrate supplementation to enhance exercise capacity in hypoxic COPD: EDEN-OX, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised cross-over study.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of dietary nitrate supplementation in 20 COPD patients using long-term oxygen therapy. Nitrate-rich beetroot juice improved exercise endurance time and endothelial function compared to placebo.
The Relationship between Resistance Exercise Performance and Ventilatory Efficiency after Beetroot Juice Intake in Well-Trained Athletes.
This study investigated the effects of beetroot juice intake on ventilatory efficiency and resistance exercise performance in 11 well-trained males. Using a randomized, double-blind crossover design, participants performed resistance exercises after consuming beetroot juice or a placebo. Results showed improved ventilatory efficiency and increased weight lifted in the full squat exercise after beetroot juice intake compared to placebo.
On the implication of dietary nitrate supplementation for the hemodynamic and fatigue response to cycling exercise.
This study investigated the impact of dietary nitrate supplementation on hemodynamics, neuromuscular fatigue, and time to task failure during cycling exercise in 11 recreationally active males. Despite significant hemodynamic changes, dietary nitrate did not alter the development of locomotor muscle fatigue or cycling time to task failure.
Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Attenuates Morning-Associated Decrements in Supramaximal Exercise Performance in Trained Sprinters.
This study examined the effects of acute beetroot juice supplementation on diurnal fluctuations in anaerobic performance in trained sprinters. In a double-blinded crossover design, 10 male NCAA sprinters completed exercise trials under different conditions. Beetroot juice supplementation prevented morning-associated decrements in mean power output, anaerobic capacity, and total work compared to placebo.
Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Cognitive Function, Aerobic and Anaerobic Performances of Trained Male Taekwondo Athletes: A Pilot Study.
Pilot study on the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on cognitive function and taekwondo-specific performance in eight trained male athletes. No significant differences were found in physical performance measures, but cognitive function improved with the 400 mg dose.
Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice Reduces Blood Pressure in Tanzanian Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial
A double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT in Tanzanian adults with elevated blood pressure tested the effects of high-nitrate beetroot juice, with or without folic acid, over 60 days. The study found significant reductions in 24-hour systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the high-nitrate beetroot juice group, suggesting dietary inorganic nitrate as a potential strategy for managing hypertension.
Acute ingestion of beetroot juice does not improve short-duration repeated sprint running performance in male team sport athletes.
RCT investigating the effect of acute ingestion of beetroot juice on short-duration repeated sprint performance in 16 male team sport athletes. The study found no significant improvement in sprint performance or related metrics with beetroot juice compared to placebo.
Chronic Beetroot Juice Supplementation Accelerates Recovery Kinetics following Simulated Match Play in Soccer Players.
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study assessed the effect of beetroot juice on recovery kinetics in soccer players following simulated match play. Beetroot juice supplementation reduced perceived muscle soreness and maintained better physical performance during recovery compared to placebo.
The effect of dietary nitrate on exercise capacity in chronic kidney disease: a randomized controlled pilot study.
This randomized, double-blinded crossover study investigated the acute effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise capacity in 12 Stage 3-4 CKD patients. The study found that dietary nitrate in the form of concentrated beetroot juice significantly increased plasma nitric oxide metabolites, total work performed, total exercise time, and oxygen consumption at the ventilatory threshold, indicating improved exercise capacity.
Understanding the effects of beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance by assessing hormonal, metabolic and mechanical response: a randomized, double-blind, crossover design.
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study evaluated the effects of acute beetroot juice intake on CrossFit performance in 12 well-trained male practitioners. Beetroot juice intake improved anaerobic performance during a CrossFit workout with a 3-minute rest between exercises, leading to greater muscle hypoxia and fatigue, and increased cortisol levels compared to placebo.
No thermoregulatory or ergogenic effect of dietary nitrate among physically inactive males, exercising above gas exchange threshold in hot and dry conditions.
This study investigated the effect of five days of dietary nitrate consumption on exercise tolerance and thermoregulation during cycling in hot, dry conditions. Using a double-blind, randomised crossover design with 11 healthy males, the study found no differences in exercise tolerance or thermoregulation between nitrate-rich beetroot juice and placebo, despite increases in plasma nitrate levels and reductions in resting mean arterial pressure.
Repeated-sprint performance and plasma responses following beetroot juice supplementation do not differ between recreational, competitive and elite sprint athletes.
RCT assessing the effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and repeated-sprint performance in recreational, competitive, and elite athletes. Beetroot juice supplementation reduced time to reach peak power but did not affect peak or mean power output.
The effect of nitrate supplementation on exercise performance in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 17 studies on nitrate supplementation's effect on exercise performance. Found a significant moderate benefit for time to exhaustion tests and a small, non-significant benefit for time trials and graded exercise tests. Benefits were more pronounced in inactive to recreationally active individuals with chronic nitrate loading.
All-natural nitrite and nitrate containing dietary supplement promotes nitric oxide production and reduces triglycerides in humans.
Double-blinded, placebo-controlled study on a nitrate-rich beetroot and Hawthorn berry supplement (Neo40 Daily) in patients over 40 with cardiovascular risk factors. The supplement increased plasma nitrite and nitrate levels, indicating improved NO availability, and significantly reduced triglycerides in 72% of patients with elevated levels.
Dietary nitrate improves muscle microvascular reactivity and lowers blood pressure at rest and during isometric exercise in untreated hypertensives.
This double-blind, cross-over RCT examined the effects of a single dose of dietary nitrate (beetroot juice) on blood pressure and muscle microvascular function in 18 untreated hypertensives. Results showed improved microvascular reactivity, reduced resting/ambulatory blood pressure, and attenuated blood pressure and peripheral resistance responses during isometric exercise.
Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Mood, Perceived Exertion, and Performance During a 30-Second Wingate Test.
Double-blind, randomized, cross-over study with 15 subjects assessing the effects of NO3--rich beetroot juice supplementation on mood, perceived exertion, and performance during a 30-second Wingate cycle test. Beetroot juice increased peak power output, improved pre-exercise tension, and lowered postexercise muscular perceived exertion compared to placebo.
Effect of Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on the Post-Exercise Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Obese Males: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Trial.
This randomized, controlled, crossover trial studied the effect of beetroot juice on post-exercise ambulatory blood pressure in 14 non-hypertensive obese males. Beetroot juice significantly increased plasma NOx concentration and decreased ambulatory systolic BP compared to control and fruit soda sessions, enhancing systolic BP reduction up to 6 hours post-exercise.
A Single Dose of Beetroot Juice Does Not Change Blood Pressure Response Mediated by Acute Aerobic Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women.
RCT with 13 hypertensive postmenopausal women testing the effect of acute beetroot juice intake on post-exercise hypotension. Despite increased salivary NO with beetroot juice, there was no change in blood pressure response compared to placebo and control drinks.
Effects of chronic beetroot juice supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake, velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake, and peak velocity in recreational runners: a double-blinded, randomized and crossover study.
This double-blinded, randomized crossover study investigated the effects of 3-day beetroot juice supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake, velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake, and peak velocity in 13 male recreational runners. Results showed improvements in these performance metrics with beetroot juice compared to placebo.
Chronic high-dose beetroot juice supplementation improves time trial performance of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia.
This randomized, double-blinded, counterbalanced-crossover study examined the effects of 7 days of beetroot juice supplementation on 10-km cycling time trial performance in 12 well-trained cyclists in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. The study found that beetroot juice supplementation improved time trial performance by approximately 1.6% and increased plasma NO levels, with no difference between normoxia and hypoxia.
No effect of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy and performance in recreationally active females despite increased torque production.
This study investigated the effects of acute and chronic beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy and performance in recreationally active females. Despite increased plasma nitrate and nitrite levels, beetroot juice supplementation had no effect on submaximal exercise oxygen uptake, time trial performance, or contractile properties of the plantar flexors.
No Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on 100-m and 200-m Swimming Performance in Moderately Trained Swimmers.
Double-blind, randomized crossover study with 10 moderately trained swimmers assessing the effect of beetroot juice supplementation on 100-m and 200-m swimming performance. Despite increased plasma nitrite concentration and lowered blood pressure, beetroot juice did not improve swimming time-trial performance.
Discrete physiological effects of beetroot juice and potassium nitrate supplementation following 4-wk sprint interval training.
RCT comparing the effects of 4-week sprint interval training with and without dietary nitrate supplementation as beetroot juice or potassium nitrate in 30 recreationally active subjects. Beetroot juice supplementation resulted in greater improvements in exercise capacity and physiological adaptations compared to training alone or with potassium nitrate.
Beet the Best?
This randomized, double-blind study evaluated the effects of a 36-session exercise rehabilitation program with oral inorganic nitrate (beetroot juice) on patients with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication. The beetroot juice group showed significant improvements in pain-free walking time and skeletal muscle perfusion compared to the placebo group.
Beetroot Increases Muscle Performance and Oxygenation During Sustained Isometric Exercise, but Does Not Alter Muscle Oxidative Efficiency and Microvascular Reactivity at Rest.
RCT examining the effects of beetroot juice on muscle performance and oxygenation during sustained isometric exercise in 16 young males. Beetroot juice increased muscle oxygenation and prolonged time to fatigue during exercise, but did not alter muscle oxidative efficiency or microvascular reactivity at rest.
Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Performance and Fatigue in a 30-s All-Out Sprint Exercise: A Randomized, Double-Blind Cross-Over Study.
This randomized, double-blind, cross-over study examined the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on performance and fatigue during a 30-second all-out sprint exercise in 15 healthy resistance-trained men. Beetroot juice improved peak and mean power output compared to placebo but did not affect fatigue index, countermovement jump performance, or blood lactate levels.
Effects of Oral Supplementation With Nitrate-Rich Beetroot Juice in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension-Results From BEET-PAH, an Exploratory Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study.
Exploratory randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of nitrate-rich beetroot juice in 15 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Beetroot juice increased pulmonary NO production, relative arginine bioavailability, and improved the W peak/VOpeak ratio in plasma nitrite responders.
Effect of beetroot juice supplementation on 10-km performance in recreational runners.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed study on the effects of chronic beetroot juice supplementation on 10-km running performance in 14 male recreational runners. While there was no significant difference in overall 10-km performance, beetroot juice increased mean velocity in the first half of the test and improved final test times for 10 of the 14 runners.
The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on exercise economy, rating of perceived exertion and running mechanics in elite distance runners: A double-blinded, randomized study.
A double-blinded, randomized study on 12 elite distance runners examined the effects of 15 days of nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation. The study found substantial improvements in time to exhaustion and perceived exertion, but no significant changes in running economy, VO2Max, or mechanical parameters.
No individual or combined effects of caffeine and beetroot-juice supplementation during submaximal or maximal running.
This study investigated the individual and combined effects of caffeine and beetroot-juice supplementation during submaximal and maximal treadmill running in 9 participants. No significant differences were found in physiological, perceptual, or performance responses between the interventions.
Dietary nitrate improved exercise capacity in COPD but not blood pressure or pulmonary function: a 2 week, double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
A 14-day double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial in 8 COPD subjects tested nitrate-rich beetroot juice versus nitrate-depleted juice. The nitrate-rich juice increased plasma nitrate/nitrite levels and improved exercise capacity, as measured by the incremental shuttle walk test, but did not affect blood pressure or pulmonary function.
Beetroot Juice Supplementation Improves High-Intensity Intermittent Type Exercise Performance in Trained Soccer Players.
Randomized, double-blind cross-over study with 32 male soccer players assessing the effect of nitrate-rich beetroot juice on high-intensity intermittent exercise performance. Six days of beetroot juice ingestion improved Yo-Yo IR1 test performance by 3.4% and lowered mean heart rate compared to placebo.
Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on a 30-s High-Intensity Inertial Cycle Ergometer Test.
RCT assessing the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on anaerobic performance in a Wingate test with 15 trained men. Beetroot juice improved peak power, average power in the first 15 seconds, and final blood lactate levels, indicating an ergonomic effect on maximum power output.
Acute beetroot juice supplementation on sympathetic nerve activity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept study.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of acute beetroot juice supplementation on sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in 14 healthy normotensive participants. The study found that beetroot juice reduced muscle sympathetic nerve activity at rest and during exercise, although it did not significantly affect blood pressure.
Dietary nitrate restores compensatory vasodilation and exercise capacity in response to a compromise in oxygen delivery in the noncompensator phenotype.
RCT with 6 healthy, recreationally active men examining the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise capacity and compensatory vasodilation. Nitrate supplementation increased plasma nitrite levels and restored compensatory vasodilation and exercise capacity during a perfusion pressure challenge.
Dietary nitrate supplementation improves sprint and high-intensity intermittent running performance.
Double-blind, randomized, crossover study with 36 male team-sport players receiving NO-rich and NO-depleted beetroot juice for 5 days. Dietary nitrate supplementation improved sprint split times, distance covered in the Yo-Yo IR1 test, and reaction time to cognitive tasks at rest.
Minimal muscle damage after a marathon and no influence of beetroot juice on inflammation and recovery.
This study examined the effects of beetroot juice on inflammation and muscle damage following a marathon in 34 runners. Despite reductions in CMJ and MIVC post-marathon, no group differences were observed. Beetroot juice did not attenuate inflammation or reduce muscle damage, as most indices were not markedly different from baseline values.
Antioxidant-rich beetroot juice does not adversely affect acute neuromuscular adaptation following eccentric exercise.
This RCT examined the effects of beetroot juice on neuromuscular adaptation following eccentric exercise in 29 recreationally active males. Participants consumed either high-dose, low-dose beetroot juice, or placebo. The study found that beetroot juice did not adversely affect acute adaptations to eccentric exercise.
Effects of Beetroot Juice on Recovery of Muscle Function and Performance between Bouts of Repeated Sprint Exercise.
This RCT examined the effects of beetroot juice on recovery between repeated-sprint tests in 20 male team-sports players. Beetroot juice improved recovery of countermovement jumps and reactive strength index compared to placebo, but had no effect on sprint performance or oxidative stress.
One Week of Daily Dosing With Beetroot Juice Improves Submaximal Endurance and Blood Pressure in Older Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction.
RCT with 20 HFpEF patients assessing the effects of beetroot juice on submaximal aerobic endurance and blood pressure. One week of daily beetroot juice dosing improved endurance by 24% and reduced resting systolic blood pressure.
Dietary nitrate does not affect physical activity or outcomes in healthy older adults in a randomized, cross-over trial.
A double-blind, crossover randomized clinical trial tested the effects of beetroot juice on exercise capacity, physical capability, and free-living physical activity in 19 healthy older adults. While beetroot juice increased plasma and urinary NO concentrations, it did not affect oxygen consumption, physical capability, or physical activity levels.
Dietary nitrate supplementation and exercise tolerance in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.
Double-blind, randomized crossover study of 13 patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, testing nitrate-rich vs. nitrate-depleted beetroot juice for 9 days. Nitrate supplementation increased plasma nitrite concentration but did not improve exercise tolerance or other measured physiological parameters.
Single and Combined Effects of Beetroot Crystals and Sodium Bicarbonate on 4-km Cycling Time Trial Performance.
This study investigated the independent and combined effects of beetroot crystals and sodium bicarbonate on 4-km cycling time trial performance in eight endurance-trained male cyclists. Despite elevated plasma nitrite and bicarbonate concentrations, there were no differences in mean power output or time to complete the trial between any conditions, indicating no ergogenic effect.
Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of exercise and walking performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
RCT with 48 participants with type 2 diabetes assessing the effects of dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on the oxygen cost of exercise and walking performance. Nitrate supplementation increased plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations but did not affect the O2 cost of moderate-paced walking or improve performance in the 6-minute walk test.
Effects of handgrip exercise or inorganic nitrate supplementation on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and peripheral arterial function in overweight and obese middle age and older adults: A pilot RCT.
Pilot RCT examining the effects of isometric handgrip exercise and beetroot juice consumption on blood pressure and peripheral arterial function in overweight and obese middle age and older adults. No significant effects were observed on blood pressure or arterial function after 7 days of intervention.
The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise.
RCT investigating the effects of beetroot juice supplementation on muscle damage following eccentric exercise in 30 recreationally active males. Beetroot juice attenuated muscle soreness and improved recovery of countermovement jump performance compared to placebo.
Acute Dietary Nitrate Supplementation and Exercise Performance in COPD: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomised Controlled Pilot Study.
This double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study investigated the effects of acute dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise performance in COPD patients. While nitrate supplementation did not enhance endurance exercise performance, it reduced oxygen consumption at isotime, suggesting potential benefits for further investigation.
A double blind randomized placebo control crossover trial on the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance in stable moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial investigated the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation as beetroot juice on exercise endurance in individuals with stable moderate COPD. The study found no statistically significant improvement in exercise endurance, with primary outcomes of ESWT distance and time to fatigue improving by 11% and 6% respectively.
The effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on the oxygen cost of cycling, walking performance and resting blood pressure in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A double blind placebo controlled, randomised control trial.
RCT with 13 COPD patients testing dietary nitrate supplementation via beetroot juice on oxygen cost of cycling, walking performance, and blood pressure. Despite increased plasma nitrate levels, no significant effects were observed on exercise oxygen cost, walking distance, or blood pressure.