Research
Astaxanthin
174 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
The Role of Astaxanthin as an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agent in Human Health: A Systematic Review.
This systematic review summarizes the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic regulation in human studies. Astaxanthin consistently reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress indices while increasing antioxidant capacity. It improved body composition, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and immune recovery, and showed benefits in women with PCOS or endometriosis.
Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Fatigue, Motor Function and Cognition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Meta-analysis of 11 RCTs with 346 healthy participants assessing astaxanthin supplementation on fatigue, cognition, and exercise efficiency. Astaxanthin showed a positive trend in subjective fatigue relief and significantly improved physical performance and aerobic exercise efficiency, especially at higher doses and longer durations. Cognitive effects were marginally significant for accuracy and not significant for reaction time.
The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on liver enzyme levels.
Meta-analysis of five RCTs involving 196 subjects assessing the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on liver enzymes. Astaxanthin supplementation increased ALT levels but had a non-significant effect on AST, GGT, and ALP levels compared to placebo.
Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on female fertility and reproductive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and animal studies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical and animal studies on astaxanthin supplementation for female fertility. AST significantly increased oocyte maturation rate and total antioxidant capacity in follicular fluid in clinical trials. Animal studies showed ameliorative effects on redox status, inflammation, apoptosis, and ovarian tissue histomorphology.
Exploring the benefits of astaxanthin as a functional food ingredient: Its effects on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS - A systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
This systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials examines the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress and reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS. The findings indicate that astaxanthin significantly improves markers of total antioxidant capacity in follicular fluid but does not consistently affect other oxidative stress biomarkers. Reproductive outcomes showed moderate improvements in oocyte quality and the number of high-quality embryos, though effects on fertilization rates and pregnancy outcomes were insignificant.
A marine-derived antioxidant astaxanthin as a potential neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic agent: A review of its efficacy on neurodegenerative conditions.
Systematic review analyzing the efficacy of astaxanthin against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular diseases, and spinal cord injury. Astaxanthin shows potential biological activity in both in vitro and in vivo models, with no reported safety concerns or adverse effects.
Astaxanthin promotes locomotor function recovery and attenuates tissue damage in rats following spinal cord injury: a systematic review and trial sequential analysis.
Systematic review and trial sequential analysis of astaxanthin's effects on locomotor function recovery in rats following spinal cord injury. Meta-analyses showed improved Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scores and outcomes in spared white matter area, motor neuron survival, and oxidative stress markers. Astaxanthin is suggested as a promising candidate for future clinical trials in spinal cord injury treatment.
Astaxanthin Influence on Health Outcomes of Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 studies with 321 participants examining the effects of astaxanthin on adults at risk of metabolic syndrome. Results show marginal effects on reducing total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure, and a significant effect on lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on expression of microRNAs involved in cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review of current evidence.
Systematic review evaluating the effect of astaxanthin on miRNAs involved in cardiovascular diseases. Astaxanthin was found to regulate miRNAs, potentially offering a therapeutic strategy for preventing and controlling CVDs. More studies, including clinical trials, are needed to confirm these findings.
Astaxanthin supplementation mildly reduced oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 RCTs with 380 participants assessing astaxanthin supplementation. Astaxanthin significantly reduced blood malondialdehyde and interleukin-6 concentrations, particularly in T2DM patients, indicating potential benefits for oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Astaxanthin on Human Skin Ageing.
Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effects of astaxanthin on skin ageing in humans. Oral supplementation significantly improved skin moisture content and elasticity, but did not significantly decrease wrinkle depth. Topical and oral-topical applications showed slightly protective effects on skin ageing.
Effects of astaxanthin in animal models of obesity-associated diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 21 animal studies examining the effects of astaxanthin on obesity-associated diseases. Astaxanthin supplementation significantly reduced adipose tissue weight, systolic blood pressure, and serum glucose levels, and improved disease biomarkers in animal models of T2D and NAFLD.
Astaxanthin anticancer effects are mediated through multiple molecular mechanisms: A systematic review.
This systematic review examines the anticancer potential of astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, through various molecular mechanisms. It highlights astaxanthin's ability to induce apoptosis and its antiproliferative activity in cancer cell lines, suggesting its potential use in enhancing chemotherapy effectiveness.
The effects of astaxanthin supplementation on obesity, blood pressure, CRP, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profile: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Meta-analysis of 14 RCTs assessing astaxanthin supplementation effects on various health markers. Astaxanthin consumption was associated with an increase in HDL-C and a decrease in CRP levels, but no significant effects were observed for other outcomes like FBS, HbA1c, TC, LDL-C, TG, BMI, BW, DBP, and SBP.
Redox-sensitive miRNAs and Humanin could mediate effects of exercise and astaxanthin on oxidative stress and inflammation in type 2 diabetes.
RCT involving 90 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, examining the effects of combined aerobic and resistance training and astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic indices. Astaxanthin and exercise improved antioxidant defenses and reduced inflammation, with the combination showing the best effects. Improvements were noted in lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and hemoglobin A1c.
The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of astaxanthin as an adjunctive therapy in community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized controlled trial
A randomized controlled trial evaluated the effects of 12 mg/day astaxanthin supplementation as an adjunctive therapy in 80 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Astaxanthin significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and improved disease severity scores, although the reduction in hospital stay was not statistically significant.
Impact of astaxanthin on oxidative markers, uric acid, and clinical symptoms in heart failure: a randomized clinical trial.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress markers and clinical symptoms in 80 patients with heart failure. Astaxanthin significantly increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase levels, while reducing malondialdehyde and serum uric acid levels compared to placebo. Improvements in dyspnea and fatigue were also observed.
Astaxanthin supplement improves clinical outcomes, quality of life, and inflammatory factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized clinical trial.
Randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 60 RA patients assessing 20 mg/day astaxanthin supplementation for 8 weeks. Astaxanthin significantly reduced DAS-28, HAQ, ESR, and CRP levels, improving clinical outcomes and quality of life, though IL-6 levels did not change.
Astaxanthin improves assisted reproductive technology outcomes in poor ovarian responders through alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis: a randomized clinical trial.
This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial studied the effects of astaxanthin as an adjuvant in controlled ovarian stimulation for poor ovarian responders. The astaxanthin group showed significant improvements in oxidative stress markers, inflammation reduction, and ART outcomes, including increased numbers of retrieved oocytes and high-quality embryos.
Exploring the Impact of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Conjunction with a 12-Week CrossFit Training Regimen on Selected Adipo-Myokines Levels in Obese Males.
RCT of 60 obese males divided into four groups to study the impact of astaxanthin supplementation and CrossFit training over 12 weeks. The combination of both interventions improved body composition, cardiovascular factors, and metabolic indices, with significant changes in adipo-myokines levels.
Randomized clinical trial of astaxanthin supplement on serum inflammatory markers and ER stress-apoptosis gene expression in PBMCs of women with PCOS.
This randomized, double-blind clinical trial studied the effect of 12mg astaxanthin supplementation on serum inflammatory markers and ER stress-apoptosis gene expression in 56 women with PCOS over 8 weeks. Astaxanthin reduced the expression of several ER stress-apoptotic genes and inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-6, but had no significant effect on BMI, hirsutism, hair loss, or menstrual cycle regularity.
Astaxanthin Supplemented with High-Intensity Functional Training Decreases Adipokines Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men with Obesity.
RCT investigating the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity training with astaxanthin supplementation on adipokine levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in 68 males with obesity. Astaxanthin supplementation and exercise training decreased adipokines levels, improved body composition, and enhanced lipid and metabolic profiles, with greater benefits observed in the training plus supplement group.
Astaxanthin supplementation impact on insulin resistance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial.
Triple-blind randomized clinical trial of 58 infertile women with PCOS, assessing the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on insulin resistance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and oxidative stress. Significant reductions were observed in fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, FI, MDA, LDL-C, and TC/HDL-C, while TAC, HDL-C, and QUICKI increased. Adjusted analysis showed non-significant changes for QUICKI and FI.
Astaxanthin treatment ameliorates ER stress in polycystic ovary syndrome patients: a randomized clinical trial.
RCT of astaxanthin treatment in 58 PCOS patients, assessing its effects on ER stress and oxidative stress markers. Astaxanthin reduced expression levels of ER stress pathway genes and proteins and increased total antioxidant capacity in follicular fluid. Clinical outcomes showed higher rates of high-quality oocytes and embryos in the astaxanthin group.
Astaxanthin ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive outcomes in endometriosis patients undergoing assisted reproduction: A randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the effect of 6 mg/day astaxanthin on inflammation, oxidative stress markers, and reproductive outcomes in 50 infertile women with endometriosis undergoing ART. Astaxanthin treatment improved antioxidant levels, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced ART outcomes, including the number of oocytes retrieved and high-quality embryos.
Effects of Astaxanthin, Lutein, and Zeaxanthin on Eye-Hand Coordination and Smooth-Pursuit Eye Movement after Visual Display Terminal Operation in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Intergroup Trial.
RCT testing the effects of astaxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin on eye-hand coordination and smooth-pursuit eye movement in healthy subjects using visual display terminals. The active group showed improved eye-hand coordination and increased macular pigment optical density, but no clear improvement in smooth-pursuit eye movements.
Effects of shrimp oil on cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.
This randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial investigated the effects of 500 mg shrimp oil supplementation on cardio-metabolic risk factors in 64 overweight and obese children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. The study found no significant effects of shrimp oil on cholesterol levels, blood pressure, body mass index, waist circumference, or hip circumference compared to placebo.
Randomized controlled trial of astaxanthin impacts on antioxidant status and assisted reproductive technology outcomes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.
This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effect of 8mg astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress response and assisted reproductive technology outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Astaxanthin significantly increased serum CAT and TAC levels and the expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQ-1 in granulosa cells, as well as improved MII oocyte and high-quality embryo rates, but did not affect pregnancy rates.
Synergistic antiaging and Dermal Restorative Effects of an Oral Bioactive Procollagen and Astaxanthin Supplement with A Topical Retinyl Palmitate, Vitamin C, Hyaluronic Acid and Alpha Hidroxy Acid Based Regimen
This study investigated the antiaging effects of a nutricosmetic product containing collagen peptides, astaxanthin, and other ingredients, alongside a topical regimen. Sixty women were divided into three groups to receive either topical treatment, oral treatment, or a combination of both over 84 days. The study aimed to assess improvements in skin elasticity, firmness, luminosity, and hydration.
The Beneficial Effects of Astaxanthin on Glucose Metabolism and Modified Low-Density Lipoprotein in Healthy Volunteers and Subjects with Prediabetes.
RCT of 53 subjects, including those with prediabetes, examining the effects of 12 mg astaxanthin supplementation for 12 weeks. Astaxanthin significantly decreased glucose levels after 120 min in a 75 g OGTT, reduced HbA1c, apo E, and malondialdehyde-modified LDL levels, and improved insulin resistance without altering total cholesterol, triglyceride, and HDL-C levels.
Effect of the oral intake of astaxanthin on semen parameters in patients with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
RCT of 80 men with oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia evaluating the effect of 16 mg astaxanthin daily on semen parameters. No statistically significant improvements were observed in the astaxanthin group for semen parameters or serum FSH levels.
Effects of Astaxanthin Supplementation on Oxidative Stress.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine RCTs assessing astaxanthin's antioxidant activity in humans. Results showed a borderline significant antioxidant effect, with significant decreases in plasma malondialdehyde and isoprostane, and increases in superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity. High doses showed significant effects, while low doses did not. Antioxidant effects were observed after 3 weeks but not after longer durations.
Effect of astaxanthin produced by Phaffia rhodozyma on growth performance, meat quality, and fecal noxious gas emission in broilers.
RCT with 432 one-day-old male broilers evaluating the effects of astaxanthin produced by Phaffia rhodozyma on growth performance, meat quality, and fecal noxious gas emission. Astaxanthin supplementation improved weight gain, decreased feed conversion ratio, and reduced ammonia emission.
Exploratory pilot trial of astaxanthin supplementation in PCOS patients at risk of OHSS with focus on RAGE-NFκB pathway.
This exploratory pilot trial used a triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design to study astaxanthin supplementation in 44 PCOS patients at high risk for OHSS. The astaxanthin group showed a slightly higher number of retrieved oocytes and a significantly greater oocyte maturity rate. Molecular analyses indicated reduced RAGE expression and decreased IL-6 in follicular fluid, suggesting astaxanthin may improve COS outcomes and modulate inflammatory pathways.
Astaxanthin treatment decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines and improves reproductive outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproductive technology: A randomized clinical trial.
RCT of 44 PCOS patients undergoing ART, comparing 6 mg astaxanthin to placebo for 8 weeks. Astaxanthin significantly decreased serum IL-6 and IL-1β levels and improved reproductive outcomes such as oocyte retrieval and maturity rates.
Boosting Antioxidant Defense: The Effect of Astaxantin on Superoxidase Dismutase and Malondialdehyde Reduction in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer Receiving Cisplatin Chemotherapy.
Double-blind RCT with 42 head and neck cancer patients receiving cisplatin chemotherapy. Astaxanthin 4 mg BID was compared to vitamin C and E. Astaxanthin significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, but did not significantly change superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels.
Impact of astaxanthin supplementation on markers of cardiometabolic health and tactical performance among firefighters.
RCT of 15 male career firefighters examining the impact of 12mg/day astaxanthin supplementation for four weeks. Astaxanthin lessened inflammatory response to exercise and increased ventilatory anaerobic threshold, but did not significantly affect oxidative stress markers, blood lipids, or performance during fire ground tests.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study of Standard Astaxanthin and its Micellar Formulation in Healthy Male Volunteers.
This study compared the pharmacokinetic parameters of a micellar formulation of astaxanthin (NovaSOL) to standard astaxanthin in 12 healthy male volunteers. The micellar formulation reached a higher plasma concentration more quickly than the standard formulation, suggesting improved bioavailability.
The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of astaxanthin supplementation on the expression of miR-146a and miR-126 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
This randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the effects of 8 mg/day astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation markers in 44 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Astaxanthin supplementation decreased plasma levels of malondialdehyde and interleukin 6, and reduced the expression level of miR-146a.
Astaxanthin supplementation enhances metabolic adaptation with aerobic training in the elderly.
RCT of astaxanthin supplementation combined with endurance training in 42 healthy older adults. Astaxanthin improved specific muscle endurance and increased fat oxidation at lower intensity, enhancing exercise efficiency in males but not females.
Astaxanthin Supplementation Increases Glutathione Concentrations but Does Not Impact Fat Oxidation During Exercise in Active Young Men.
This study investigated the effects of 6 mg/day of astaxanthin supplementation on oxidative stress markers and substrate metabolism during exercise in active young men. Astaxanthin increased glutathione levels by approximately 7% compared to placebo but did not significantly impact other oxidative stress markers or fat oxidation rates during exercise.
The effect of astaxanthin supplementation on performance and fat oxidation during a 40 km cycling time trial.
This randomized, double-blind, crossover study investigated the effects of 12 mg/day astaxanthin supplementation for 7 days on exercise performance and metabolism during a 40 km cycling time trial in 12 recreationally trained male cyclists. Astaxanthin improved time trial performance by 1.2% and increased whole-body fat oxidation rates in the final stages of the event.
Astaxanthin has no effect on arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, or inflammation in renal transplant recipients: a randomized controlled trial (the XANTHIN trial).
RCT of 61 renal transplant recipients receiving 12 mg astaxanthin or placebo for 1 year. Astaxanthin had no significant effect on arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, or inflammation compared to placebo.
Enhanced antioxidant capacity and anti-ageing biomarkers after diet micronutrient supplementation.
RCT of 66 healthy women aged 35-55 supplemented with NucleVital Q10 Complex for 12 weeks. The supplement increased total antioxidant capacity of plasma and activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, with slight effects on oxidative stress biomarkers. It also showed anti-ageing activity by increasing SIRT1 and 2 expression and telomerase levels.
Cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin on humans subjects.
Two human clinical studies evaluated the cosmetic benefits of astaxanthin derived from Haematococcus pluvialis. An open-label study with 30 females showed significant improvements in skin wrinkle, age spot size, elasticity, texture, moisture content, and corneocyte condition with oral and topical astaxanthin. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study with 36 males showed improvements in crow's feet wrinkle, elasticity, and transepidermal water loss with oral supplementation.
Effects of Haematococcus pluvialis in maternal diet on reproductive performance and egg quality in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
RCT investigating the effects of dietary Haematococcus pluvialis on reproductive performance and egg quality in female rainbow trout. Supplementation did not improve total egg weight or fecundity, but decreased glucose and malondialdehyde levels, suggesting improved egg quality.
Supplementation of laying-hen feed with palm tocos and algae astaxanthin for egg yolk nutrient enrichment.
The study investigated the effects of supplementing laying-hen feed with palm tocos and algae astaxanthin on egg yolk nutrient enrichment. The supplementation resulted in increased nutrient content in egg yolks, with a dose-response relationship observed for tocotrienols, tocopherols, and astaxanthin. The study also assessed the stability of these antioxidants using the Arrhenius approach.
Erythrocytes carotenoids after astaxanthin supplementation in middle-aged and senior Japanese subjects.
A randomized, double-blind human trial assessed the effect of 4- or 12-week astaxanthin supplementation (1 or 3 mg/day) on erythrocyte carotenoid compositions in Japanese middle-aged and senior subjects. Erythrocyte astaxanthin concentrations were significantly higher after 3 mg/day supplementation compared to placebo or 1 mg/day, but no differences were observed in carotenoid compositions or phospholipid hydroperoxide concentrations.
Dietary values of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin in Penaeus monodon in the presence and absence of cholesterol supplementation: effect on growth, nutrient digestibility and tissue carotenoid composition.
The study investigated the effects of astaxanthin and canthaxanthin, with and without cholesterol supplementation, on the growth, nutrient digestibility, and tissue carotenoid composition of Penaeus monodon. Astaxanthin was found to be more effective than canthaxanthin as a dietary carotenoid source, and cholesterol supplementation enhanced the efficiency of both carotenoids.
Efficacy of the natural antioxidant astaxanthin in the treatment of functional dyspepsia in patients with or without Helicobacter pylori infection: A prospective, randomized, double blind, and placebo-controlled study.
RCT evaluating the efficacy of astaxanthin in functional dyspepsia with 132 patients divided into placebo, 16mg, and 40mg astaxanthin groups. No overall curative effect was found, but a significant reduction in reflux symptoms was observed in the 40mg group, especially in H. pylori-infected patients.
Astaxanthin vs placebo on arterial stiffness, oxidative stress and inflammation in renal transplant patients (Xanthin): a randomised controlled trial.
This randomised controlled trial investigates the effects of 12 mg/day astaxanthin supplementation on arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and inflammation in 66 renal transplant patients over one year. Primary outcomes include changes in arterial stiffness, oxidative stress, and inflammation, with secondary outcomes assessing vascular function and additional measures.
Astaxanthin Encapsulation in Zein/Chito-Oligosaccharide Composite Nanoparticles: Characterization, Stability, Antioxidant Efficacy and Bioaccessibility.
The study developed zein and chito-oligosaccharides composite nanoparticles (ZCNps) for efficient delivery of astaxanthin (AST), achieving high encapsulation efficiency and stability under various conditions. Encapsulated AST showed enhanced antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility compared to free AST, suggesting improved stability and functional properties for food applications.
Astaxanthin mitigates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity via inhibiting ferroptosis and autophagy: a study based on bioinformatic analysis and in vivo/vitro experiments
The study investigates the protective effects of astaxanthin (ASX) against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) using bioinformatic analysis and in vivo/vitro experiments. ASX was found to significantly mitigate myocardial tissue damage, inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cell damage by modulating ferroptosis and autophagy mechanisms.
Astaxanthin-Based Drug Design: A Virtual Screening Study for COVID-19 Main Protease Inhibition (preprint)
The study used computational techniques to assess Astaxanthin as a potential inhibitor of the COVID-19 main protease. Various virtual screening methods were employed to design new inhibitors based on Astaxanthin structure, comparing them with the co-crystal inhibitor N3. The results suggested that the selected compounds had favorable interactions and better binding affinities than N3, indicating potential for further drug development.
Astaxanthin activated the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway to inhibit ferroptosis and enhance autophagy, ameliorating dry eye disease
The study investigates the effects of astaxanthin (AST) on dry eye disease (DED) through the SLC7A11/GPX4 pathway. AST was found to activate this pathway, enhance autophagy, and inhibit ferroptosis, thereby ameliorating DED in both in vivo and in vitro models. AST increased ferritin expression, reduced Fe2+ overload, and scavenged reactive oxygen species, contributing to the prevention of ferroptosis.
Encapsulation of astaxanthin in OSA-starch based amorphous solid dispersions with HPMCAS-HF/Soluplus® as effective recrystallization inhibitor.
The study investigated the interaction among excipients and its impact on the physicochemical properties of astaxanthin amorphous solid dispersions (ASTX ASDs). The encapsulation improved the dissolution and oral bioavailability of ASTX ASDs compared to ASTX bulk powder.
Lyotropic Liquid Crystal System for Drug Delivery of Astaxanthin: Physical Characterization and Enhanced Antioxidant Potential
The paper investigates the encapsulation of astaxanthin in lyotropic liquid crystal nano-formulations to improve its bioavailability and solubility. The study characterizes the physicochemical properties of astaxanthin-loaded cubosomes and evaluates their antioxidant potency compared to astaxanthin extract using the DPPH assay.
Sustainable mixotrophic microalgae refinery of astaxanthin and lipid from Chlorella zofingiensis.
The study focuses on optimizing a two-stage mixotrophic bioprocess using Chlorella zofingiensis for astaxanthin production. Key parameters such as light intensity and micronutrient concentration were adjusted to maximize biomass and astaxanthin yield. The process also resulted in enhanced lipid yields suitable for biodiesel, demonstrating potential for commercial astaxanthin-lipid biorefinery.
Pickering emulsions stabilized with a spirulina protein-chitosan complex for astaxanthin delivery.
The study investigates the use of a spirulina protein-chitosan complex as an emulsifier to stabilize Pickering emulsions for astaxanthin delivery. The SP-CS complex improved the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin, showing potential for delivering protective hydrophobic compounds.
Heterologous Expression of the Plant-Derived Astaxanthin Biosynthesis Pathway in Yarrowia lipolytica for Glycosylated Astaxanthin Production.
The study reports the heterologous production of glycosylated astaxanthin in Yarrowia lipolytica, enhancing its bioavailability and biological activities. By expressing plant-derived enzymes in a β-carotene-producing yeast strain, the production of astaxanthin was achieved, with further modifications leading to increased yields of glycosylated astaxanthin.
The Role of Nutraceutical Supplements, Monacolin K and Astaxanthin, and Diet in Blood Cholesterol Homeostasis in Patients with Myopathy
Observational study of 80 subjects with mild myopathy comparing a low-energy/fat diet with and without monacolin k and astaxanthin supplementation. The experimental group showed significant improvements in total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, PCR, and CPK parameters compared to the control group.
Extraction of astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents based on oleic acid.
The study developed and characterized three novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on oleic acid and terpenes for extracting astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis. The DESs showed effective astaxanthin recovery and improved stability under oxidative stress, making them suitable for the food ingredients/additives industry.
Targeting pathway expression to subcellular organelles improves astaxanthin synthesis in Yarrowia lipolytica.
The study explores metabolic engineering in Yarrowia lipolytica by expressing the astaxanthin biosynthesis pathway in sub-organelles. This approach improved astaxanthin synthesis by targeting the pathway to lipid body, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisome, achieving a 141-fold increase in production.
Exploring the mechanism of astaxanthin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by network pharmacology and experimental validation
The study explores the mechanism of astaxanthin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Astaxanthin was found to inhibit the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and reduce inflammatory factors in vitro and protect against lung injury in vivo.
Astaxanthin attenuates hepatic damage and mitochondrial dysfunction in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by up‐regulating the FGF21/PGC‐1α pathway
The study investigates the protective effect of astaxanthin against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its mechanism, highlighting its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour activities.
Astaxanthin improves glucose metabolism and reduces blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
This randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of 8mg astaxanthin supplementation for 8 weeks in 44 participants with type 2 diabetes. Astaxanthin increased serum adiponectin concentration, reduced visceral body fat mass, serum triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, and systolic blood pressure. It also significantly reduced fructosamine concentration and marginally reduced plasma glucose concentration.
Markers of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress in Aging Volunteers Ingesting Lycosomal Formulation of Dark Chocolate Containing Astaxanthin.
Randomized, blinded, four-arm study of 32 aging individuals assessing the effects of lycosome-formulated dark chocolate containing astaxanthin on oxidative stress markers. The L-DC-ASTX formulation led to a 40-fold increase in serum ASTX levels and more significant reductions in oxidized LDL and malonic dialdehyde compared to ASTX alone. The formulation also enhanced nitric oxide production and improved oxygenation parameters.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Astaxanthin and Sesamin on Daily Fatigue: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Way Crossover Study.
RCT of 24 healthy volunteers evaluating the effect of astaxanthin and sesamin supplementation on fatigue. AS supplementation significantly improved recovery from mental fatigue and attenuated increased oxidative stress marker levels during tasks compared to placebo.
The Protective Role of Astaxanthin for UV-Induced Skin Deterioration in Healthy People-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
RCT of 23 healthy Japanese participants evaluating the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on UV-induced skin deterioration. The astaxanthin group showed increased minimal erythema dose (MED) and reduced loss of skin moisture compared to placebo, with improvements in subjective skin conditions.
Effects of Composite Supplement Containing Astaxanthin and Sesamin on Cognitive Functions in People with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
RCT evaluating the effects of a composite supplement containing astaxanthin and sesamin on cognitive function in 21 participants with mild cognitive impairment. The AS group showed significant improvements in psychomotor speed and processing speed compared to placebo, suggesting improved cognitive functions.
Protective Effect of Astaxanthin on Vocal Fold Injury and Inflammation Due to Vocal Loading: A Clinical Trial.
This clinical trial assessed the effect of astaxanthin on vocal fold protection from injury and inflammation due to vocal loading in 10 male subjects. After 28 days of 24mg/day astaxanthin supplementation, phonatory parameters showed no significant worsening immediately after vocal loading, suggesting protective effects against oxidative stress.
Effects of postexercise feeding of a supplemental carbohydrate and protein bar with or without astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis to exercise-conditioned dogs.
RCT involving 34 exercise-conditioned Husky-Pointer dogs fed a supplemental carbohydrate and protein bar with or without astaxanthin. The study found that dogs fed the bar with 37.4% rapidly digestible carbohydrates and 25% protein had increased blood nutrient concentrations for glycogen and protein synthesis compared to control dogs.
Supplementating with dietary astaxanthin combined with collagen hydrolysate improves facial elasticity and decreases matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -12 expression: a comparative study with placebo.
RCT of 44 healthy subjects comparing dietary astaxanthin (2 mg/day) combined with collagen hydrolysate (3 g/day) to placebo for 12 weeks. The supplement group showed significant improvements in skin elasticity and transepidermal water loss in photoaged facial skin, with increased procollagen type I mRNA and decreased MMP-1 and -12 mRNA expression.
Evaluation of Resettin® on serum hormone levels in sedentary males
RCT evaluating the effects of Resettin®/MyTosterone™ on serum hormone levels in 20 sedentary males. The study found that Resettin® reduced serum DHT and E2 levels and increased testosterone levels, though the increase in testosterone was not statistically significant.
Astaxanthin supplementation does not augment fat use or improve endurance performance.
RCT assessing the effect of 4 weeks of astaxanthin supplementation on substrate use and time trial performance in 32 well-trained male cyclists. Astaxanthin supplementation increased plasma astaxanthin concentrations but did not augment antioxidant capacity, fat oxidative capacity, or improve time trial performance.
Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on paraoxonase 1 activities and oxidative stress status in young soccer players.
RCT examining the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on paraoxonase 1 activities and oxidative stress status in 40 soccer players. Astaxanthin increased PON1 activity and total sulphydryl group content, suggesting improved oxidative stress status.
Effect of astaxanthin supplementation on muscle damage and oxidative stress markers in elite young soccer players.
RCT examining the effect of astaxanthin supplementation on muscle damage and oxidative stress markers in 32 elite young soccer players. Astaxanthin supplementation reduced post-exercise CK and AST levels, suggesting a protective effect against exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Protective effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin on oxidative stress in healthy smokers.
RCT investigating the effects of Haematococcus astaxanthin on oxidative stress in smokers. Thirty-nine heavy smokers were divided into three dosage groups to receive ASX at doses of 5, 20, or 40 mg daily for 3 weeks. Plasma malondialdehyde and isoprostane levels decreased, while superoxide dismutase level and total antioxidant capacity increased, suggesting ASX supplementation might prevent oxidative damage in smokers.
Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes.
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing 12-week astaxanthin supplementation (6 or 12 mg/d) on erythrocyte and plasma PLOOH levels in 30 middle-aged and senior subjects. Astaxanthin groups showed higher erythrocyte astaxanthin concentrations and lower PLOOH levels compared to placebo, suggesting improved antioxidant status and potential dementia prevention.
Positive effects of astaxanthin on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight subjects.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on astaxanthin's effects on lipid profiles and oxidative stress in overweight and obese adults in Korea. Astaxanthin significantly lowered LDL cholesterol and ApoB, and improved oxidative stress biomarkers compared to placebo.
Effects of astaxanthin on oxidative stress in overweight and obese adults.
A prospective, randomized, double-blind study investigated the effect of astaxanthin on oxidative stress in overweight and obese adults in Korea. Astaxanthin supplementation for 3 weeks significantly lowered MDA and ISP levels and increased SOD and TAC levels, indicating improved oxidative stress biomarkers.
Plasma carotenoid concentrations before and after supplementation with astaxanthin in middle-aged and senior subjects.
A randomized, double-blind human trial assessed the effect of 4- or 12-week astaxanthin supplementation (1 or 3 mg/d) on plasma carotenoid concentration in 20 Japanese middle-aged and senior subjects. Plasma carotenoid concentration was significantly higher after supplementation in both dosage groups.
Astaxanthin increases choroidal blood flow velocity.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 12 mg astaxanthin ingestion on choroidal blood flow velocity in 20 healthy volunteers over 4 weeks. A significant increase in macular blood flow velocity was observed in the astaxanthin group compared to pre-ingestion values, with no adverse effects reported.
Effect of astaxanthin on cycling time trial performance.
RCT examining the effect of 28 days of astaxanthin supplementation on cycling time trial performance in 21 competitive cyclists. The astaxanthin group showed significant improvements in 20 km time trial performance and power output compared to placebo, although the mechanism remains unclear.
Gastric inflammatory markers and interleukins in patients with functional dyspepsia treated with astaxanthin.
RCT investigating the effect of astaxanthin on gastric inflammation in 44 patients with functional dyspepsia. Astaxanthin treatment led to significant changes in CD4 and CD8 levels in H. pylori-positive patients, but no significant changes in H. pylori density or interleukin levels.
Combined conventional/antioxidant "Astaxanthin" treatment for male infertility: a double blind, randomized trial.
Double blind, randomized trial of 30 men with infertility receiving conventional treatment plus either astaxanthin or placebo for 3 months. Astaxanthin group showed significant decreases in ROS and Inhibin B, increased sperm linear velocity, and higher pregnancy rates compared to placebo.
Astaxanthin supplementation does not attenuate muscle injury following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained men.
RCT investigating the effects of astaxanthin supplementation on markers of skeletal muscle injury in 20 resistance-trained men. The study found that astaxanthin did not favorably affect indirect markers of skeletal muscle injury following eccentric exercise.
Astaxanthin activates the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to attenuate indoxyl sulfate-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in renal tubular epithelial cells
Astaxanthin was studied for its therapeutic role in chronic kidney disease using an in vitro model with indoxyl sulfate-treated renal tubular epithelial cells. Astaxanthin treatment improved cell viability, antioxidant defenses, and reduced apoptosis, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and senescence, primarily through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling axis.
Modulating Multiple Molecular Trajectories by Nutraceuticals and/or Physical Activity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)-Like Behaviors in Rat Pups
The study investigated the effects of sesamol, astaxanthin, and physical activity on ADHD-like behaviors induced by monosodium glutamate in rat pups. Treatments improved attention, locomotor, and cognitive abilities, and modulated neurotransmitter levels and biochemical markers. The combination of nutraceuticals with physical activity showed superior effects.
Astaxanthin Attenuates Chlorpyrifos-Induced Pulmonary Cytotoxicity by Modulating Mitochondrial Redox and Inflammatory Pathways
The study investigates the protective effects of astaxanthin against chlorpyrifos-induced cytotoxicity in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. Astaxanthin pretreatment and co-treatment reversed oxidative and inflammatory responses, restored antioxidant levels, and modulated apoptosis-related gene expressions, suggesting its potential as a nutritional preventive strategy against chlorpyrifos exposure.
Folic Acid–Functionalized MWCNT-Conjugated Zirconium Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Cell Delivery of Astaxanthin
The study synthesized zirconium oxide nanoparticles using astaxanthin-rich extract, conjugated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, and functionalized with folic acid to create a cancer-targeting nanocomposite. The nanocomposite exhibited high antioxidant activity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, inducing apoptosis.
Mechanism Exploration of Dietary Supplement Astaxanthin on Improving Atherosclerosis through an Integrated Strategy Encompassing Artificial Intelligence Virtual Screening and Experimental Validation.
The study explores astaxanthin's therapeutic mechanisms for atherosclerosis using artificial intelligence virtual screening and experimental validation. Astaxanthin targets inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism, with in vitro experiments confirming its ability to inhibit foam cell formation, restore redox balance, and suppress inflammation.
Astaxanthin Promotes Spermatogenesis in Mice by Reducing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Damage and Regulating Fatty Acid Metabolism and Ferroptosis
The study investigates the effect of astaxanthin on promoting spermatogenesis in mice. Astaxanthin was found to significantly increase sperm concentration and motility in oligoasthenozoospermia model mice, reduce oxidative stress, and regulate fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis pathways.
Comparison of Dietary Supplementation with Krill Oil, Fish Oil, and Astaxanthin on an Experimental Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer Model: A Biochemical and Histological Study
Animal study comparing the protective effects of krill oil, fish oil, and astaxanthin on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats. Astaxanthin showed a higher protective effect by inhibiting ROS formation and reducing neutrophil infiltration and lipid peroxidation compared to krill oil and fish oil.
Anti-neuropathic effects of astaxanthin in a rat model of chronic constriction injury: passing through opioid/benzodiazepine receptors and relevance to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects
The study evaluated the effects of astaxanthin on neuropathic pain in a rat model using chronic constriction injury. Astaxanthin improved allodynia, hyperalgesia, and locomotor activity, increased catalase and glutathione, and suppressed nitrite, MMP-2, and MMP-9 activity through opioid/benzodiazepine receptors.
Formulation and Evaluation of Radiance Serum Containing Astaxanthin–Zeaxanthin Nanoemulsions as an Anti-Wrinkle Agent: Stability, Ex Vivo, and In Vivo Assessments
The study evaluated a radiance serum containing astaxanthin–zeaxanthin nanoemulsions for anti-wrinkle effects. The serum demonstrated stability, efficient ex vivo penetration, and substantial anti-wrinkle efficacy, with 15 female participants experiencing a wrinkle reduction of 80% to 93% over 28 days.
The senomorphic impact of astaxanthin on irradiated rat spleen: STING, TLR4 and mTOR contributed pathway
The study investigated the effects of astaxanthin on radiation-induced senescence in rat spleen. Astaxanthin treatment improved oxidative stress balance, inflammatory biomarkers, and protein expressions in irradiated rats, suggesting a senomorphic effect via STING, mTOR, and TLR4 pathways.
Astaxanthin Alleviates Chronic Prostatitis via the ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway: Evidence from Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation.
The study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of astaxanthin (AST) in managing chronic prostatitis (CP) using a rat model. AST administration reduced prostate inflammation and inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting its potential in treating CP through anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Astaxanthin inhibits apoptosis in a cell model of tauopathy by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response.
In vitro study investigating the effects of astaxanthin on ER stress and cytotoxicity in N2a cells expressing a tauopathy model. Astaxanthin inhibited apoptosis and cytotoxicity by attenuating ER stress and unfolded protein response, reducing reactive oxygen species and calcium influx.
Evaluation of the protection of astaxanthin on human hair follicle palilla cells against the aging effects triggered by hydrogen peroxide
The study evaluated the protective effects of astaxanthin on human dermal papillae cells against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. Astaxanthin treatment significantly reduced the expression of the aging marker b-galactosidase, suggesting its potential application in hair loss treatment due to reactive oxygen species.