Research

Ashwagandha

142 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

10
Meta-analyses
7
Systematic reviews
52
RCTs
73
Other studies
Meta-analyses (7%)
Systematic reviews (5%)
RCTs (37%)
Observational (1%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2025·Frontiers in pharmacology·Chao Yan, Xiaotao Du, Yan Liu, et al

Efficacy of botanical extracts for knee osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-analysisn = 3,285Joint Bone Health

Network meta-analysis of 36 RCTs with 3,285 participants evaluating botanical extracts for knee osteoarthritis. Cucumis sativus extract significantly improved pain and function scores, while Ashwagandha extract was effective in reducing stiffness scores. CS extract is recommended as the most effective treatment, though further large-scale studies are needed.

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2025·Nutrition and health·Ahmad Abdualrazag Albalawi

Dual impact of Ashwagandha: Significant cortisol reduction but no effects on perceived stress - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 488Stress

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated Ashwagandha's impact on cortisol levels and perceived stress across RCTs. It found a significant reduction in cortisol levels but no significant impact on perceived stress. The study highlights the need for longer treatment duration and broader demographic inclusion to validate Ashwagandha as a stress management tool.

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2024·Explore (New York, N.Y.)·Velan Arumugam, Venugopal Vijayakumar, Arthi Balakrishnan, et al

Effects of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) on stress and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 558Stress

Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine RCTs involving 558 patients evaluating Ashwagandha's effects on stress and anxiety. Ashwagandha showed significant positive effects on the Perceived Stress Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and serum cortisol levels compared to placebo. Mild to moderate adverse events were reported in some studies.

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2024·Human psychopharmacology·Kaneez Fatima, Javeria Malik, Fariha Muskan, et al

Safety and efficacy of Withania somnifera for anxiety and insomnia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 254Stress Sleep

Systematic review and meta-analysis of five RCTs (n=254) evaluating Withania somnifera for anxiety and insomnia. The analysis found significant reductions in anxiety levels and improvements in sleep parameters such as sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and sleep efficiency, but not in wake after sleep onset and total time in bed.

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2023·Current nutrition reports·Adrián Gómez Afonso, Diego Fernandez-Lazaro, David P Adams, et al

Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on Hematological and Biochemical Markers, Hormonal Behavior, and Oxidant Response in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.

Systematic reviewHormone Health Inflammation Longevity

Systematic review of 10 studies evaluating the effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) supplementation in healthy adults. The review found that Ashwagandha supplementation may regulate hormone levels, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and is generally safe. No significant effects on hematological markers were reported.

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2022·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Camellia Akhgarjand, Farzaneh Asoudeh, Amir Bagheri, et al

Does Ashwagandha supplementation have a beneficial effect on the management of anxiety and stress? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-analysisn = 1,002Stress

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 RCTs with 1,002 participants evaluating Ashwagandha supplementation on anxiety and stress. Ashwagandha significantly reduced anxiety and stress levels compared to placebo, though the certainty of evidence was low. Further high-quality studies are needed.

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2022·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Deepa Chitre, Satej Nadkarni, Namdev Jagtap, et al

Phase III randomized clinical trial of BV-4051, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation in moderate SARS-CoV-2 infections and its impact on inflammatory biomarkers.

RCTn = 208Inflammation

Phase III RCT of BV-4051, an Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, in 208 moderate COVID-19 patients. BV-4051 reduced duration of illness, symptom severity, and Interleukin-6 levels, suggesting potential anti-inflammatory benefits.

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2022·International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology·Aman Kumar

META-ANALYSIS OF DISEASES CAUSING FACTORS IN ASHWAGANDHA

Meta-analysis

Meta-analysis discussing the pharmacological properties of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) as an adaptogen, antibiotic, aphrodisiac, anti-inflammatory, and more. Highlights its use in Ayurvedic medicine for over 3000 years.

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2022·Current opinion in psychiatry·Gerard J Byrne

Interventions for generalized anxiety disorder.

Systematic reviewStress

Systematic review of treatments for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), highlighting efficacy of antidepressants, quetiapine, and complementary therapies like physical exercise, yoga, acupuncture, and ashwagandha. Insufficient evidence for cannabinoids in anxiety disorders.

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2021·PloS one·Kae Ling Cheah, Mohd Noor Norhayati, Lili Husniati Yaacob, et al

Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisn = 400Sleep Mental Clarity Stress

Systematic review and meta-analysis of five RCTs with 400 participants examining the effect of Ashwagandha extract on sleep. Ashwagandha showed a small but significant improvement in sleep, particularly in adults with insomnia, and improved mental alertness and anxiety levels. No serious side effects were reported.

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2021·Alternative therapies in health and medicine·Satyajyoti Kanjilal, Ashok Kumar Gupta, Ranjana Saksena Patnaik, et al

Analysis of Clinical Trial Registry of India for Evidence of Anti-Arthritic Properties of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha).

Systematic reviewJoint Bone Health

The study conducted a retrospective database search in the Clinical Trial Registry of India and reviewed published literature on the anti-arthritic effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha). It analyzed 77 registered clinical trials and 10 published trials, highlighting the potential of Ashwagandha in managing arthritis symptoms when consumed in specific dosages and durations.

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2020·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Sharanbasappa Durg, Sachin Bavage, Shivakumar B Shivaram

Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of scientific evidence from experimental research to clinical application.

Meta-analysisNutrition

Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of Withania somnifera in managing diabetes mellitus. The analysis included 6 in-vitro, 13 pre-clinical, and 5 clinical studies, showing significant improvements in blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin, lipid profile, and oxidative stress markers with no safety concerns. However, more robust clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.

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2020·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Neeraj Tandon, Satyapal Singh Yadav

Safety and clinical effectiveness of Withania Somnifera (Linn.) Dunal root in human ailments.

Systematic reviewStress Mental Clarity Mood Womens Health Mens Health Joint Bone Health Immunity Brain Health Hormone Health Physical Performance

Systematic review of 69 studies (39 pre-clinical and 30 clinical) on the efficacy and safety of Withania somnifera (Aswagandha) root. The review found reasonable efficacy in various conditions such as schizophrenia, chronic stress, insomnia, anxiety, memory improvement, rheumatoid arthritis, type-2 diabetes, and male infertility. The root preparations were generally safe with mild adverse events reported.

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2026·Trials·Erin McKinney, Jeremy Stewart, Rajesh Kewalramani, et al

Effects of multi-herb and ashwagandha root formulas on stress modulation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.

RCTn = 186Stress Sleep Mood

A 60-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study with 186 participants evaluated the effects of two adaptogen formulas, VL-G-A57 (containing Rhodiola, holy basil, and Schisandra chinensis) and VL-G-E12 (full-spectrum ashwagandha), on stress and related symptoms. Both formulas significantly reduced stress, improved sleep quality, mood, and anxiety compared to placebo.

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2026·Journal of medicine and life·Rogene Eichler West, Anima Biswas, Rahul Rao, et al

A proprietary herbal extract of ashwagandha root for stress and anxiety in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, three-arm, placebo-controlled efficacy and safety study.

RCTn = 141Stress Mood

This 8-week, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of a proprietary herbal extract of ashwagandha root in 141 healthy adults with moderate stress and anxiety. The study found significant reductions in serum cortisol and improvements in stress and anxiety measures, with the ashwagandha extract showing significant differences compared to placebo.

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2026·Medicine·Shefali Thanawala, Rajat Shah, Krishnaraju Venkata Alluri, et al

Efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract sustained-release (AshwaSR) capsules in healthy adult, stressed subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, 3-arm clinical trial.

RCTn = 135Stress Sleep Mental Clarity

RCT evaluating the efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha root extract sustained-release (AshwaSR) capsules in reducing stress in healthy adult, stressed subjects. AshwaSR 150 and 300 mg capsules significantly reduced perceived stress and improved sleep quality, psychological well-being, and eating behavior over 60 days, with no safety concerns reported.

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2026·Nutrients·Olivia C Coope, Esteban Otaegui, Manolo Suárez, et al

Ashwagandha Root Extract Stabilises Physiological Stress Responses in Male and Female Team Sports Athletes During Pre-Season Training.

RCTn = 56Stress Recovery Physical Performance

RCT of 56 team sports athletes examining the effects of 600 mg/day Ashwagandha root extract over 42 days. In females, Ashwagandha improved recovery parameters and reduced cortisol levels. In males, it improved countermovement jump performance and stabilized stress biomarkers.

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2025·Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine·A. S. Mutha, S. A. Mutha, Anupama Hem Tejuja, et al

Efficacy and safety of eight-week therapy with Ashwagandha root extract in improvement of sexual health in healthy men: Findings of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

RCTn = 100Sexual Health

This 8-week prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract (ARE) on improving sexual health in healthy adult men. Significant improvements were observed with ARE for semen volume, sperm number, sperm concentration, and sperm morphology. The improvement in scores was better with ARE for SDI-2, orgasm and sexual desire domains of IIEF, and SF-12. No adverse events were reported.

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2025·Advances in therapy·Manasvi Mahadevan, Kumarpillai Gopukumar, Ruchi Gupta, et al

A New Ashwagandha Formulation (Zenroot™) Alleviates Stress and Anxiety Symptoms While Improving Mood and Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study.

RCTn = 90Stress Mood Sleep

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study evaluated the effects of an Ashwagandha formulation, Zenroot™ (ZEN), on stress, anxiety, mood, and sleep quality in 90 human subjects with mild to moderate stress. ZEN 125 mg showed significant improvements in stress, anxiety, and sleep quality scores, with no significant differences in serum cortisol and salivary alpha amylase levels. The formulation was well tolerated without any safety concerns.

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2024·Journal of psychoactive drugs·Sanjiv Kale, Adrian Lopresti, Ravleen Suri, et al

Safety and Efficacy of Ashwagandha Root Extract on Cognition, Energy and Mood Problems in Adults: Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

RCTn = 120Mental Clarity Energy Mood

Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 120 adults assessing the effects of Ashwagandha root extract (600 mg/day) on cognition, energy, and mood over 8 weeks. Ashwagandha improved episodic memory, working memory, attention accuracy, mood, vigor, and executive functioning compared to placebo, with good tolerance and no serious adverse events.

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2024·Nutrients·Srikanta Pandit, A. Srivastav, T. Sur, et al

Effects of Withania somnifera Extract in Chronically Stressed Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

RCTn = 98Stress

An 8-week randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial tested the effects of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract at doses of 125 mg, 250 mg, and 500 mg/day in 98 adults with high stress. The study found that the extract safely reduced mild to moderate chronic stress in a dose-dependent manner, supporting its stress-reduction capabilities via modulation of the HPA axis.

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2024·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Umme Ammara Maqbool Ahmad Ansari, Qamar Uddin, Nazim Husain, et al

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a herbal formulation for rheumatoid arthritis - A non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 70Joint Bone Health -

This randomized controlled trial evaluated the non-inferiority of Qurs-e-Mafasil, a herbal Unani formulation, compared to celecoxib in 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study found that Qurs-e-Mafasil is comparable to celecoxib in terms of efficacy and safety, with no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes.

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2024·Nutrients·Megan Leonard, Broderick Dickerson, Landry Estes, et al

Acute and Repeated Ashwagandha Supplementation Improves Markers of Cognitive Function and Mood.

RCTn = 59Mental Clarity Mood Stress

RCT of 59 healthy young men and women examining the effects of liposomal ashwagandha supplementation on cognitive function and mood. Ashwagandha improved measures of memory, attention, vigilance, and executive function, while decreasing perceptions of tension and fatigue.

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2024·K. Naik, Gudla Muralidhar, B. Srinivas, et al

An 8-Week Oral Therapy with Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Root Extract (600 mg/day) Improves Frailty and Quality of Life in Elderly: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Efficacy and Safety Study

RCTn = 50Physical Performance Mental Clarity Inflammation Stress

This placebo-controlled RCT assessed the efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract (600 mg/day) in 50 elderly subjects with frailty over 8 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in frailty scores, physical performance, sleep quality, mental state, and inflammatory markers with Ashwagandha compared to placebo.

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2023·Frontiers in Pharmacology·N. J. Dar, S. Bhat, M. Rehman, et al

Editorial: Investigating the molecular targets and therapeutic potential of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in various pathophysiological conditions

RCTn = 150

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 150 COPD patients. The study found that Withania somnifera significantly improved lung function, quality of life, and exercise tolerance in COPD patients.

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2023·Journal of integrative and complementary medicine·Muhammed Majeed, Kalyanam Nagabhushanam, Avinash Murali, et al

A Standardized(Linn.) Root Extract with Piperine Alleviates the Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression by Increasing Serotonin Levels: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study.

RCTn = 70Mood Stress

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluated the effect of Ashwagandha root extract standardized for 2.5% withanolides with piperine on anxiety and depression in 70 individuals. The study found significant improvements in depression, anxiety, sleep quality, and quality of life scores in the Ashwagandha group compared to placebo, with increased serum serotonin levels.

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2023·Complementary therapies in medicine·Harbans Singh, Babita Yadav, Amit K Rai, et al

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Shunthi (Zingiber officinale) in mild and moderate COVID-19: An open-label randomized controlled exploratory trial.

RCTn = 60Immunity

An open-label randomized controlled exploratory trial assessed the efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha and Shunthi in mild and moderate COVID-19. The Ayurveda group showed a reduced mean time for clinical recovery and improved viral clearance compared to the control group. No adverse events or disease progression were reported.

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2023·Medicine·Muhammed Majeed, Kalyanam Nagabhushanam, Lakshmi Mundkur

A standardized Ashwagandha root extract alleviates stress, anxiety, and improves quality of life in healthy adults by modulating stress hormones: Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 54Stress Mental Clarity Mood

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the effect of Ashwagandha root extract (ARE) on stress, anxiety, and quality of life in healthy adults. The study found significant improvements in perceived stress scale, generalized anxiety disorder scores, and quality of life in participants taking ARE compared to placebo. ARE also reduced morning salivary cortisol and increased urinary serotonin levels.

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2022·Journal of medicinal food·Jack O'Connor, Keston Lindsay, Cynthia Baker, et al

The Impact of Ashwagandha on Stress, Sleep Quality, and Food Cravings in College Students: Quantitative Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial.

RCTn = 60Sleep Stress Nutrition

This double-blind randomized control trial examined the impact of ashwagandha on sleep, perceived stress, and food cravings in 60 college students over 30 days. The ashwagandha group showed improved sleep and reduced food cravings compared to placebo. Stress differences were less pronounced, suggesting a longer intervention may be needed for significant stress relief.

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2022·Journal of medicinal food·Cynthia Baker, Jessica B Kirby, Jack O'Connor, et al

The Perceived Impact of Ashwagandha on Stress, Sleep Quality, Energy, and Mental Clarity for College Students: Qualitative Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Control Trial.

RCTn = 60Stress Sleep Energy Mental Clarity

Qualitative analysis of a double-blind RCT with 60 college students evaluating the impact of ashwagandha on stress, sleep quality, energy, and mental clarity. Ashwagandha increased perceived well-being through supporting sustained energy, heightened mental clarity, and enhanced sleep quality over 30 days.

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2022·Health Science Reports·Sanjaya Chauhan, Manoj Srivastava, A. K. Pathak

Effect of standardized root extract of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on well‐being and sexual performance in adult males: A randomized controlled trial

RCTSexual Health Energy Longevity

RCT evaluating the effect of ashwagandha root extract on improving sexual health and overall well-being in adult males. Ashwagandha is noted for promoting youthful energy, longevity, and sexual health.

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2021·Complementary therapies in medicine·Arvind Chopra, Narayanam Srikanth, Bhushan Patwardhan, et al

Withania somnifera as a safer option to hydroxychloroquine in the chemoprophylaxis of COVID-19: Results of interim analysis.

RCTn = 160Immunity Stress

A 16-week randomized prospective study comparing Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 prophylaxis in high-risk healthcare workers. Interim analysis on 160 participants showed Ashwagandha was not inferior to hydroxychloroquine, with fewer mild adverse events and lower confirmed COVID-19 symptoms in the Ashwagandha group.

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2021·The journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research·Sriram Gopal, Ashutosh Ajgaonkar, Padmaja Kanchi, et al

Effect of an ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) root extract on climacteric symptoms in women during perimenopause: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 100Womens Health Hormone Health

This 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy of Ashwagandha root extract on climacteric symptoms in 100 perimenopausal women. Ashwagandha supplementation significantly reduced menopause rating scale scores and improved menopause-specific quality of life, with significant hormonal changes including increased estradiol and decreased FSH and LH levels.

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2021·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Shashank Tiwari, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Anklesh Kumar Pathak

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on the effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera dunal.) root extract in improving cardiorespiratory endurance and recovery in healthy athletic adults.

RCTn = 50Physical Performance Recovery Stress

A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effect of Ashwagandha root extract on cardiorespiratory endurance and recovery in 50 healthy athletic adults. The Ashwagandha group showed significant improvements in VO2 max, stress management scores, and antioxidant levels compared to the placebo group, with no adverse events reported.

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2021·Nutritional neuroscience·Adrian L Lopresti, Stephen J Smith, Peter D Drummond

Modulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis by plants and phytonutrients: a systematic review of human trials.

Systematic reviewStress

Systematic review of human RCTs evaluating the effects of single plants or phytonutrients on HPA-axis related hormones. Ashwagandha showed a consistent morning cortisol-lowering effect, but overall effects of phytonutrients on HPA-axis activity were unclear.

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2020·Sleep medicine·Abhijit Deshpande, Nushafreen Irani, Ratna Balkrishnan, et al

A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study to evaluate the effects of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on sleep quality in healthy adults.

RCTn = 150Sleep

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of ashwagandha extract on sleep quality in 150 healthy adults with non-restorative sleep. The ashwagandha group showed significant improvements in sleep quality, sleep efficiency, total sleep time, and sleep latency compared to placebo. Quality of life scores also improved significantly in the treatment group.

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2020·Complementary therapies in medicine·Narsing Verma, Sandeep Kumar Gupta, Shashank Tiwari, et al

Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, study in Healthy Volunteers.

RCTn = 80

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety of Ashwagandha root extract in 80 healthy adults over 8 weeks. No statistically significant changes or abnormalities were observed in hematological, biochemical, or thyroid parameters, and no adverse events were reported, indicating the extract's safety.

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2020·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Deepak Langade, Vaishali Thakare, Subodh Kanchi, et al

Clinical evaluation of the pharmacological impact of ashwagandha root extract on sleep in healthy volunteers and insomnia patients: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 80Sleep

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study evaluating the effect of Ashwagandha root extract on sleep in 80 participants, including healthy individuals and those with insomnia. Significant improvements in sleep parameters were observed in the Ashwagandha group, with more pronounced effects in insomnia patients.

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2019·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Qin Xiang Ng, Wayren Loke, Nadine Xinhui Foo, et al

A systematic review of the clinical use of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to ameliorate cognitive dysfunction.

Systematic reviewBrain Health

Systematic review evaluating the clinical evidence for Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in managing cognitive dysfunction. Found early clinical evidence from randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials supporting cognitive benefits, including improved performance on cognitive tasks, executive function, attention, and reaction time.

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2017·Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology·Sharanbasappa Durg, Shivakumar Badamaranahalli Shivaram, Sachin Bavage

Withania somnifera (Indian ginseng) in male infertility: An evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisSexual Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of Withania somnifera in infertile men. The study found significant improvements in sperm concentration, semen volume, sperm motility, and serum hormonal profiles in oligospermic males after treatment. No adverse effects were reported, but more high-quality RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.

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2015·The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology·Sharanbasappa Durg, Shivsharan B Dhadde, Ravichandra Vandal, et al

Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in neurobehavioural disorders induced by brain oxidative stress in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Meta-analysisBrain Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on neurobehavioural disorders induced by brain oxidative stress in rodents. The analysis found that Ashwagandha inhibited neurological abnormalities and restored oxidative stress markers in rodent brains.

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2014·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Morgan A Pratte, Kaushal B Nanavati, Virginia Young, et al

An alternative treatment for anxiety: a systematic review of human trial results reported for the Ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (Withania somnifera).

Systematic reviewStress Mood

Systematic review of human trials assessing Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) for anxiety treatment. Five trials were included, with most showing significant benefits of WS over placebo in reducing anxiety and stress scores. However, studies exhibited unclear or high risk of bias, and heterogeneity prevented meta-analysis.

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2025·Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases : NMCD·Franziska Pohl, Ashley Dominique, Jaustin Dufour, et al

Lowering plasma S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) in healthy adults with elevated SAH and normal homocysteine using nutritional supplementation.

RCTn = 40Heart Health

This randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial studied the effect of a nutritional supplement containing ashwagandha extract, alpha-glycerylphosphorylcholine, and creatine monohydrate on plasma S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) levels in 40 adults with elevated SAH and normal homocysteine. The test product significantly lowered plasma SAH levels by approximately 12% and increased the SAM:SAH ratio by approximately 26% after 12 weeks, with no serious adverse events.

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2025·Nutrients·Małgorzata Charmas, Ewa Jówko, Barbara Długołęcka, et al

Ashwagandha Does Not Enhance the Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training on Selected Energy Metabolism Parameters in Young Healthy Men.

RCTn = 38Energy -

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of ashwagandha supplementation (600 mg/day) during an 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition, lipid profile, and hormone levels in healthy young men. The study found that ashwagandha supplementation did not significantly affect any of the hormonal parameters analyzed, while HIIT affected selected hormones related to energy metabolism.

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2025·European Journal of Sport Science·Olivia C. Coope, Andrea Reales Salguero, Tilly J. Spurr, et al

Effects of Root Extract of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) on Perception of Recovery and Muscle Strength in Female Athletes

RCTn = 30Recovery Physical Performance Sleep

RCT investigating the effects of 600 mg/day ashwagandha root extract on exercise recovery and muscle strength in professional female athletes. Significant improvements were found in total quality recovery and perceived sleep quality in the ashwagandha group compared to placebo.

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2025·Frontiers in Pharmacology·K. Kalaiselvan, V. Sweatha, V. Gayathri, et al

Reproductive and developmental safety assessment of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root extract in Wistar rats

RCTn = 23

This randomized controlled study assessed the reproductive and developmental safety of Ashwagandha root extract in Wistar rats. The study found no adverse effects on body weight, reproductive organ weight, or thyroid hormone levels in pups and parental animals at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg/day.

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2025·Advances in therapy·Abiraamasundari Ramapalaniappan, Vijayakrishnan Loganathan, Abhijeet Morde, et al

Superior Bioavailability of a Novel 1.5% Ashwagandha Formulation (Zenroot™): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Single-Dose, Comparative, Oral Bioavailability Study in Healthy Adults.

RCTn = 20

A randomized, double-blind, single-dose, cross-over comparative oral bioavailability study was conducted in 20 healthy adults to compare the bioavailability of a novel Ashwagandha formulation (ZEN 1.5) with two reference products. ZEN 1.5 showed significantly higher bioavailability of total withanolides compared to the reference products, with a 2.1-fold increase over ASH 5 and a 1.3-fold increase over ASH 10. ZEN 1.5 was well tolerated during the study.

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2023·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Raghu Sarath Punukollu, Arun Kumar Chadalawada, Kalyani Siddabattuni, et al

A blend of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal root and Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench fruit extracts relieves constipation and improves bowel function: A proof-of-concept clinical investigation.

RCTn = 48Gut Health Stress Sleep

RCT of 48 adults with functional constipation testing a blend of Withania somnifera and Abelmoschus esculentus extracts. The blend significantly reduced constipation symptoms, improved sleep quality, and reduced stress, with no adverse events reported.

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2021·International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology·Venkata Krishnaraju Alluri, S. Thanawala, V. Upadhyay

A comparative pharmacokinetics study of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract sustained-release capsules: an open-label, randomized, two treatment, two-sequence, two period, single-dose crossover clinical study

RCTn = 14

Open-label, randomized, crossover pharmacokinetics study comparing sustained-release ashwagandha root extract capsules to a reference product in 14 healthy men. The test product showed higher relative absorption, better bioavailability, and longer elimination half-life, indicating a sustained-release profile. No adverse events were reported.

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2020·Current clinical pharmacology·Sara Fuladi, S. Emami, A. Mohammadpour, et al

Assessment of Withania somnifera root extract efficacy in patients with generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 40Stress

RCT of 40 patients with generalized anxiety disorder comparing Withania somnifera extract to placebo over six weeks. The treatment group showed significant reduction in anxiety symptoms as measured by the Hamilton anxiety rating scale, with no adverse effects observed.

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2019·Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists·Jessica M Gannon, Jaspreet Brar, Abhishek Rai, et al

Effects of a standardized extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on depression and anxiety symptoms in persons with schizophrenia participating in a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 66Mood Stress

This study is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial examining the effects of 1,000 mg of standardized Withania somnifera extract (Ashwagandha) on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. Medium effect sizes favoring Ashwagandha over placebo were observed for depression and anxiety-depression cluster scores, suggesting potential benefits in treating these symptoms.

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2019·Medicine·Adrian L Lopresti, Stephen J Smith, Hakeemudin Malvi, et al

An investigation into the stress-relieving and pharmacological actions of an ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 60Stress Hormone Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the stress-relieving effects of a standardized ashwagandha extract in 60 stressed, healthy adults over 60 days. Ashwagandha supplementation significantly reduced anxiety scores and morning cortisol levels compared to placebo. Testosterone levels increased in males but not significantly compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2019·American journal of men's health·Adrian L Lopresti, Peter D Drummond, Stephen J Smith

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Examining the Hormonal and Vitality Effects of Ashwagandha ( Withania somnifera) in Aging, Overweight Males.

RCTn = 57Hormone Health Mens Health Energy

A 16-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study examined the effects of ashwagandha on fatigue, vigor, and steroid hormones in aging, overweight males. Ashwagandha intake was associated with increased levels of DHEA-S and testosterone, but no significant between-group differences were found in cortisol, estradiol, fatigue, vigor, or sexual well-being.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2018·The Journal of clinical psychiatry·K N Roy Chengappa, Jaspreet S Brar, Jessica M Gannon, et al

Adjunctive Use of a Standardized Extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) to Treat Symptom Exacerbation in Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.

RCTn = 66Stress Mental Clarity

RCT of 66 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder assessing adjunctive treatment with Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract. WSE significantly improved PANSS negative, general, and total symptoms and stress compared to placebo, with mild to moderate adverse events.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2017·The Indian journal of tuberculosis·Ranjeet Kumar, Jaswant Rai, N C Kajal, et al

Comparative study of effect of Withania somnifera as an adjuvant to DOTS in patients of newly diagnosed sputum smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.

RCTn = 120Immunity

A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study of 120 newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients on DOTS regime, testing W. somnifera root extract as an adjuvant. The study group showed higher sputum conversion rates, increased CD4 and CD8 counts, and better HRQL scores compared to placebo. Elevated liver enzymes and serum uric acid levels were observed in both groups.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2017·Journal of dietary supplements·Dnyanraj Choudhary, Sauvik Bhattacharyya, Sekhar Bose

Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) Root Extract in Improving Memory and Cognitive Functions.

RCTn = 50Mental Clarity Brain Health

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in 50 adults with mild cognitive impairment over eight weeks. The ashwagandha group showed significant improvements in memory, executive function, attention, and information processing speed compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2017·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Ashok Kumar Sharma, Indraneel Basu, Siddarth Singh

Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha Root Extract in Subclinical Hypothyroid Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 50Hormone Health

A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in 50 subclinical hypothyroid patients. Ashwagandha significantly improved serum TSH, T3, and T4 levels compared to placebo over an 8-week period, suggesting it may normalize thyroid indices.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2016·Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine·Dnyanraj Choudhary, Sauvik Bhattacharyya, Kedar Joshi

Body Weight Management in Adults Under Chronic Stress Through Treatment With Ashwagandha Root Extract: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

RCTn = 52Stress Physique Mood

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of Ashwagandha root extract in 52 adults under chronic stress. Ashwagandha treatment resulted in significant improvements in stress, food cravings, happiness, cortisol levels, body weight, and body mass index, suggesting its use for body weight management in stressed adults.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·Sachin Wankhede, Deepak Langade, Kedar Joshi, et al

Examining the effect of Withania somnifera supplementation on muscle strength and recovery: a randomized controlled trial.

RCTn = 57Physical Performance Recovery Hormone Health Physique

This 8-week randomized controlled trial examined the effects of ashwagandha root extract on muscle mass and strength in 57 young men engaged in resistance training. The ashwagandha group showed significantly greater increases in muscle strength, muscle size, testosterone levels, and reductions in body fat percentage and exercise-induced muscle damage compared to the placebo group.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2015·BioMed research international·Swati Dongre, Deepak Langade, Sauvik Bhattacharyya

Efficacy and Safety of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Root Extract in Improving Sexual Function in Women: A Pilot Study.

RCTn = 50Sexual Health

Pilot RCT of 50 women assessing the efficacy and safety of high-concentration ashwagandha root extract (HCARE) for improving sexual function. The HCARE group showed significant improvements in FSFI Total score, FSFI domain scores for arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, FSDS score, and the number of successful sexual encounters compared to placebo.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2013·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Ashish Gupta, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Kamla Kant Shukla, et al

Efficacy of Withania somnifera on seminal plasma metabolites of infertile males: a proton NMR study at 800 MHz.

RCTn = 180Sexual Health

RCT of 180 infertile male patients administered Withania somnifera root powder for 3 months. The study used proton NMR spectroscopy to measure seminal plasma metabolites, showing improved semen quality and serum biochemistry post-treatment. Withania somnifera was found to enhance metabolic pathways and reproductive hormone balance.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2013·The Journal of clinical psychiatry·K N Roy Chengappa, Christopher R Bowie, Patricia J Schlicht, et al

Randomized placebo-controlled adjunctive study of an extract of withania somnifera for cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder.

RCTn = 60Mental Clarity

RCT of 60 euthymic subjects with bipolar disorder assessing the cognitive effects of Withania somnifera extract (500 mg/d) over 8 weeks. WSE showed significant benefits for cognitive tasks such as digit span backward, Flanker neutral response time, and social cognition response rating compared to placebo. Mood and anxiety scores remained stable, and adverse events were minor.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Fertility and sterility·Mohammad Kaleem Ahmad, Abbas Ali Mahdi, Kamla Kant Shukla, et al

Withania somnifera improves semen quality by regulating reproductive hormone levels and oxidative stress in seminal plasma of infertile males.

RCTn = 150Sexual Health Hormone Health

RCT investigating the impact of Withania somnifera on semen profile, oxidative biomarkers, and reproductive hormone levels in infertile men. The treatment improved sperm count and motility, reduced oxidative stress, and normalized hormone levels.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·PloS one·Kieran Cooley, Orest Szczurko, Dan Perri, et al

Naturopathic care for anxiety: a randomized controlled trial ISRCTN78958974.

RCTn = 81Stress Mental Clarity Mood

RCT comparing naturopathic care including ashwagandha to psychotherapy in employees with moderate to severe anxiety. The naturopathic care group showed a 56.5% decrease in anxiety scores compared to 30.5% in the psychotherapy group, with significant improvements in mental health, concentration, fatigue, social functioning, vitality, and overall quality of life.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Phytotherapy research : PTR·J. Salve, S. Kale, B. Prajapati, et al

Safety of 12-Months Administration of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Standardized Root Extract in Healthy Adults: A Prospective, Observational Study.

Observationaln = 191Hormone Health Stress Womens Health Mens Health

This prospective, multi-center observational study evaluated the safety of standardized Ashwagandha Root Extract (ARE) over 12 months in 191 healthy adults. The study reported 18 mild adverse events that resolved without intervention, no significant changes in liver enzymes, decreased serum cortisol levels, increased serum testosterone, and improved health-related quality of life.

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2025·Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research·Jude Felix, Prajasattak Kanetkar, D. Bunkar, et al

Study on Quality Characteristics and Nutraceutical Properties of Paneer Fortified with Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Powder

Study

The study developed paneer fortified with ashwagandha and analyzed its quality parameters and nutraceutical properties. Different concentrations of ashwagandha were tested, and paneer made with full cream milk and 0.4% ashwagandha was found to have the most sensory acceptance and good quality with less microbial load.

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2025·Electrophoresis·Laura Zellner, Markus Wierer, M. Himmelsbach, et al

Determination of Withanolides and Withanosides in Ashwagandha Based Products Using HPLC‐Drift‐Tube‐Ion‐Mobility Quadrupole Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry

Study

The study analyzed 19 ashwagandha-based products and five ashwagandha root powder products for their content of withanolides and withanosides using HPLC-DT-IM-QTOF-MS. The analysis revealed significant deviations in the percentage of these compounds compared to product label specifications.

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2025·Pharmaceutics·Maciej Jaskólski, Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska, A. Miklaszewski, et al

Ashwagandha: Optimizing the Extraction and Electrospun Nanofiber Production

Study

The study explores the development of electrospun nanofibers incorporating bioactive compounds from Ashwagandha root extract, focusing on optimizing extraction conditions and nanofiber composition. The findings highlight the potential of integrating advanced extraction techniques with nanotechnology to develop innovative delivery systems for traditional herbal remedies.

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2025·Computers in biology and medicine·Deepika Dhillon, Monika Jain, Amit Kumar Singh, et al

Systems-level exploration of Withania somnifera-derived phytochemicals against breast cancer: A network pharmacology and molecular modeling approach

Study

The study uses network pharmacology and molecular modeling to explore Withania somnifera-derived phytochemicals against breast cancer. It identifies Viscosalactone B and Withasomniferol C as promising lead candidates for inhibiting breast cancer-related proteins, particularly MAPK14, AKT1, and STAT3, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits with fewer adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs.

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2025·Oriental Journal Of Chemistry·Abida Khan, Khadiga G. Abd Elaleem, Mohd Imran, et al

Exploration of Mechanism of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal in the Treatment of Huntington Disease: A Network Pharmacology Approaches Integrated with Molecular Docking and Dynamics

StudyBrain Health

The study investigates the mechanism of action of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in the management of Huntington's disease using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and dynamics. Results suggest that Ashwagandha may modulate inflammatory and apoptotic signaling pathways, potentially benefiting Huntington's disease.

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2024·International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine·Vishala Hiremath, Giridhar Vedantam, Tripura Sahu, et al

Insilico analysis of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) for its Balya activity with special reference to Cachexia

Study

The study uses network pharmacology to explore the molecular basis of Ashwagandha's action in cachexia. It identifies effective compounds like Withanolide S and Beta sitosterol, and analyzes their interaction with cachexia-related proteins and pathways.

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2024·Briefings in Bioinformatics·Mythili Srinivasan, Apeksha Gangurde, Ashwini Y. Chandane, et al

Integrating network pharmacology and in silico analysis deciphers Withaferin-A’s anti-breast cancer potential via hedgehog pathway and target network interplay

Study

The study uses in silico computational techniques and network pharmacology to investigate Withaferin-A's potential in targeting breast cancer through the hedgehog pathway. It identifies target proteins and constructs a drug-target network, emphasizing Withaferin-A's anti-breast cancer activity and suggesting further in vitro and in vivo studies.

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2024·International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)·D. P Chavan

Comprehensive Exploration of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha): A Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds and Traditional Applications

Study

The study conducts a quantitative analysis of Ashwagandha's bioactive compounds, including withanolides, alkaloids, and flavonoids, using experimental data such as extraction yields and HPLC results. It also explores traditional uses of Ashwagandha, highlighting its potential benefits in calming the brain, reducing swelling, lowering blood pressure, and modulating the immune system.

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2021·Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics·Sonu Pahal, Ayushi Gupta, Princy Choudhary, et al

Network pharmacological evaluation of Withania somnifera bioactive phytochemicals for identifying novel potential inhibitors against neurodegenerative disorder

StudyBrain Health

The study uses network pharmacology, gene ontology, pharmacokinetics analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation to identify active components of Withania somnifera as potential inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases. Anahygrine, Cuscohygrine, Isopelletierine, and Nicotine showed promising binding affinities, with Isopelletierine and Nicotine identified as potential inhibitors against APP protein for Alzheimer's disease treatment.

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2021·Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·C. Aparna, K. Moulika

Development and evaluation of topical formulations of Ashwagandha for antibacterial and antifungal studies

Study

The paper discusses the development and evaluation of topical formulations of Ashwagandha for antibacterial and antifungal studies. Ashwagandha, known for its antimicrobial activity, is a well-known medicinal plant in Ayurvedic medicine.

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2016·Complementary therapies in medicine·Seyedeh Pardis Jahanbakhsh, Ali Akhondpour Manteghi, Seyed Ahmad Emami, et al

Evaluation of the efficacy of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) root extract in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 30Mental Clarity

RCT of 30 OCD patients comparing Withania somnifera extract to placebo as adjunct therapy to SSRIs. The W. somnifera group showed a significantly greater reduction in OCD symptoms as measured by Y-BOCS scores compared to placebo, with no adverse events reported.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2010·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Jyoti Bhat, Aparna Damle, Pankaj P Vaishnav, et al

In vivo enhancement of natural killer cell activity through tea fortified with Ayurvedic herbs.

RCTn = 142Immunity

Two double-blind intervention studies in India investigated the effect of tea fortified with Ayurvedic herbs on NK cell activity in healthy volunteers aged 55 and older. The fortified tea significantly improved NK cell activity compared to regular tea, suggesting enhanced innate immune response.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2009·Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)·Jeremy Mikolai, Andrew Erlandsen, Andrew Murison, et al

In vivo effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) extract on the activation of lymphocytes.

RCTn = 5Immunity

This study investigated the immunologic effects of Ashwagandha on immune cells in humans. Five participants consumed Ashwagandha extract for 96 hours, resulting in significant increases in CD4 expression on CD3+ T cells and activation of CD56+ NK cells, indicating enhanced immune cell activation.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2000·Indian journal of experimental biology·B Andallu, B Radhika

Hypoglycemic, diuretic and hypocholesterolemic effect of winter cherry (Withania somnifera, Dunal) root.

RCTn = 12Nutrition Heart Health

RCT assessing hypoglycemic, diuretic, and hypocholesterolemic effects of Withania somnifera root powder in 12 human subjects over 30 days. Significant decreases in blood glucose, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL cholesterol were observed, with increased urine sodium and volume, indicating potential health benefits without adverse effects.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2025·Psychopharmacology·GulSahika Gokdemir, U. Şeker, N. Baksi, et al

Antidepressant-like effects of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) on chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression in adolescent rats

Animal studyMood Inflammation Brain Health

The study investigated the antidepressant effects of Ashwagandha on depression-like symptoms in adolescent rats using the Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress model. Ashwagandha treatment reduced apoptosis, inflammation, and neuroinflammation, and was more effective than Sertraline in reducing proapoptotic proteins and inflammatory markers, suggesting potential for treating adolescent depression.

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2025·Journal of Dietary Supplements·Kelli L McDonald, Zarna Raichura, S. Pondugula, et al

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Plant Extracts Affect the Cytochrome P450 System and Cytotoxicity of Primary Human Hepatocytes

In vitro

In vitro study using primary human hepatocytes to evaluate the effect of ashwagandha extracts on cytochrome P450 enzyme induction and cytotoxicity. The study found that 70% ethanol ashwagandha root extracts modulated CYP3A4 enzyme expression and activity, and high concentrations of leaf extracts affected hepatocyte viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

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2024·Indian Journal of Pharmacology·Sana Rehman, M. Faizan, N. H. Ali, et al

Amelioration by Withania somnifera of neurobehavioural and immunological markers in time dependent sensitization induced post traumatic stress disorder in rats

Animal studyStress Immunity Brain Health

The study evaluated the effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on PTSD in rats using time-dependent sensitization. WS extract attenuated anxiogenic behavior, reversed changes in brain cytokines, corticosterone, and oxidative stress markers, suggesting potential therapeutic effects for PTSD.

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2024·Integrative Cancer Therapies·Franco Cavaleri, S. Chattopadhyay, Vrushalee Palsule, et al

Study of Drug Targets Associated With Oncogenesis and Cancer Cell Survival and the Therapeutic Activity of Engineered Ashwagandha Extract Having Differential Withanolide Constitutions

In vitro

The study investigates an engineered ashwagandha extract, Oncowithanib, for its anti-neoplastic efficacy using the MCF7 cell line. Results show a dose-dependent decline in cell viability, increased cell death, and suppression of key cellular kinases, suggesting potential cancer therapeutic activity.

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2024·Nutrients·Maria D’Elia, Carmen Marino, R. Celano, et al

Impact of a Withania somnifera and Bacopa monnieri Formulation on SH-SY5Y Human Neuroblastoma Cells Metabolism Through NMR Metabolomic

In vitroBrain Health Stress

In vitro study of the STRESSLESS (ST-65) formulation combining ashwagandha and bacopa on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The treatment significantly altered the metabolic profile, enhancing neuroprotective mechanisms and mitigating stress-induced damage.

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2024·Nutrients·Jin-Sung Ko, B. Chang, Young-Ju Choi, et al

Ashwagandha Ethanol Extract Attenuates Sarcopenia-Related Muscle Atrophy in Aged Mice

Animal studyPhysical Performance Inflammation Joint Bone Health

The study investigated the effects of Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) extract on sarcopenia-related muscle atrophy in aged mice. Ashwagandha extract reduced inflammation, increased muscle mass, and improved muscle strength and endurance, suggesting anti-sarcopenic effects through the IGF-1/Akt/mTOR pathway.

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2023·Journal of ethnopharmacology·Vidyadhar G Vaidya, Ninad N Naik, Gayatri Ganu, et al

Clinical pharmacokinetic evaluation of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal root extract in healthy human volunteers: A non-randomized, single dose study utilizing UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.

Studyn = 18

This study developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method to quantify withanosides and withanolides in human plasma, assessing the pharmacokinetics of Ashwagandha root extract in 18 healthy male volunteers. The study found that the constituents were rapidly absorbed, had high oral bioavailability, and were well tolerated at a 500 mg dose.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2023·National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Shweta Akhani

Hypolipidemic effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna): An in vitro study

In vitroHeart Health

In vitro study evaluating the cholesterol-lowering effects of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) and Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna) extracts in human blood samples with hyperlipidemia. The extracts significantly reduced total cholesterol levels over a 6-hour period.

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2023·Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology·Latifa Nasser A. Abdulqawi, Syed Atheruddin Quadri, Sehbanul Islam, et al

Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Withania somnifera L. and Tribulus terrestris L. on Human Breast Cancer Cells In vitro

In vitro

In vitro study evaluating the anticancer activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Withania somnifera and Tribulus terrestris against breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) using MTT assay. Both plant extracts inhibited breast cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, with W. somnifera showing higher anticancer activity.

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2023·Journal of Experimental Pharmacology·A. Krishnaraju, Venkateswarlu Somepalli, S. Thanawala, et al

Efficacy and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ashwagandha Sustained-Release Formulation on Depression and Anxiety Induced by Chronic Unpredictable Stress: in vivo and in vitro Studies

Animal studyStress Inflammation Mood

The study evaluated the anti-inflammatory and stress-relieving effects of Ashwagandha sustained-release formulation (AshwaSR) in vitro and in vivo. AshwaSR inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines and superoxide production in vitro, and showed anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in a chronic unpredictable stress model in rats.

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2023·Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research·Abhilash Megaravalli Manjunath, S. Priya, D. Jyothi

Mucoadhesive Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles of Ashwagandha Extract for Colon-Targeted Delivery

In vitroInflammation Immunity

The study formulated and evaluated chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles of ashwagandha extract for colon-targeted delivery. The nanoparticles showed enhanced antioxidant activity and better cytotoxicity over CaCO-2 cells compared to pure ashwagandha, with sustained drug release following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model.

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2023·NewBioWorld·S. Dubey, K. Verma, A. Qureshi, et al

Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity of Commercially available Withania Somnifera (Ashwagandha) Powder against Pathogenic microorganisms

In vitroImmunity

The study assessed the antimicrobial properties of commercially available Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) powder against human pathogens. The extracts showed significant antibacterial action against P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and E. coli, suggesting its potential as a dietary supplement to boost immunity and prevent bacterial infection.

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2023·Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism·Franco Cavaleri, S. Chattopadhyay, Vrushalee Palsule, et al

Study of Drug Target Identification and Associated Molecular Mechanisms for the Therapeutic Activity and Hair Follicle Induction of Two Ashwagandha Extracts Having Differential Withanolide Constitutions

In vitroLongevity Skin Hair Health

The study investigates the pharmacological mechanisms of two ashwagandha extracts with different withanolide constitutions. ASH-Ext1 showed antioxidant activity and Nrf2 signaling modulation in various cell models, while ASH-Ext2 increased β-catenin and TERT protein expression in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells, suggesting potential benefits for hair follicle induction and longevity.

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2022·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Siva Swapna Kasarla, Swapnil P. Borse, Yashwant Kumar, et al

In vitro effect of Withania somnifera, AYUSH-64, and remdesivir on the activity of CYP-450 enzymes: Implications for possible herb−drug interactions in the management of COVID-19

In vitro

In vitro study examining the effect of ashwagandha and AYUSH-64 on CYP-450 enzymes to assess interactions with remdesivir. Ashwagandha showed no inhibitory effect on CYP3A4, CYP2C8, and CYP2D6, while AYUSH-64 showed moderate inhibition of CYP2C8. Suggests ashwagandha is safe with CYP substrates, but caution is needed with AYUSH-64.

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2020·Swapnil P. Borse, Manali Joshi, Akash Saggam, et al

Ayurveda botanicals in COVID-19 management: An in silico- multitarget approach

In vitroImmunity

In silico study exploring the immunomodulatory and anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of Ayurveda botanicals Withania somnifera, Tinospora cordifolia, and Asparagus racemosus. Withania somnifera was identified as the most potent immunomodulator, with phytoconstituents showing affinity for SARS-CoV-2 proteins, suggesting potential for COVID-19 management.

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2015·The Indian journal of medical research·Gajendra Kumar, Amita Srivastava, Surinder Kumar Sharma, et al

Efficacy & safety evaluation of Ayurvedic treatment (Ashwagandha powder & Sidh Makardhwaj) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a pilot prospective study.

Studyn = 86Joint Bone Health

Pilot prospective study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Ashwagandha powder and Sidh Makardhwaj in 86 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Treatment showed significant improvements in joint pain and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, with normal kidney and liver function tests but increased urinary mercury levels.

PubMedRead on PubMed
2012·Integrative cancer therapies·Biswa Mohan Biswal, Siti Amrah Sulaiman, Hasanah Che Ismail, et al

Effect of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on the development of chemotherapy-induced fatigue and quality of life in breast cancer patients.

Studyn = 100Stress

Open-label prospective nonrandomized comparative trial on 100 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy with or without Withania somnifera. The study found that patients receiving Withania somnifera experienced lower fatigue scores and improved quality of life compared to the control group. The 24-month overall survival was higher in the study group, though not statistically significant.

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1991·Journal of ethnopharmacology·R R Kulkarni, P S Patki, V P Jog, et al

Treatment of osteoarthritis with a herbomineral formulation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.

RCTn = 42Joint Bone Health

RCT evaluating the clinical efficacy of a herbomineral formulation containing Withania somnifera, Boswellia serrata, Curcuma longa, and a zinc complex in 42 patients with osteoarthritis. The formulation significantly reduced pain severity and disability score, though radiological assessments showed no significant changes.

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2026·Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences·Emad Azimi, Maryam Rameshrad, Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, et al

Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: A literature review on mechanisms

ReviewInflammation Immunity Hormone Health Heart Health

This narrative review compiles research findings on the effectiveness of ashwagandha in managing metabolic syndrome. Ashwagandha exhibits pharmacological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-stress, and neuroprotective effects, and positively affects diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

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2026·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Ankit Kumar, B. Sah, Faiz Ahmad, et al

Potential Adverse Effects of Ashwagandha: A Critical Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.

Review

This narrative review examines the potential adverse effects of Ashwagandha, highlighting concerns over toxicity of its bioactive compounds. It discusses gastrointestinal side effects, immune hypersensitivity, liver toxicity, and endocrine disruption, particularly with prolonged or excessive usage. The review emphasizes the need for standardizing dosing regimens, rigorous clinical trials, and improved pharmacovigilance.

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2025·Biomolecules·B. Er, Busra Ozmen, E. Şahin, et al

A Novel Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) Formulation Mitigates Sleep Deprivation-Induced Cognitive Impairment and Oxidative Stress in a Rat Model

Animal studyn = 49Mental Clarity Stress Brain Health

Animal study investigating ashwagandha root extract formulations on cognitive function, oxidative stress, and neuronal plasticity in sleep-deprived rats. Higher doses of ashwagandha improved memory performance, reduced oxidative stress, and enhanced neurotransmitter balance and neuroplasticity.

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