Research

Aged Garlic Extract

68 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.

1
Meta-analyses
1
Systematic reviews
44
RCTs
22
Other studies
Meta-analyses (1%)
Systematic reviews (1%)
RCTs (65%)

Studies

Sorted by quality and recency

2024·Prostaglandins & other lipid mediators·Mohamed J Saadh, Muthena Kariem, Madhu Shukla, et al

Effects of aged garlic extract on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Meta-analysisn = 584Heart Health

Systematic review and meta-analysis of nine RCTs with 584 participants examining the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on blood pressure in hypertensive patients. AGE supplementation was found to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, with significant effects observed at doses over 1200 mg/day.

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2023·Journal of the American Heart Association·Shashank Murali, Edward R Smith, Mark K Tiong, et al

Interventions to Attenuate Cardiovascular Calcification Progression: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Systematic reviewn = 9,901Heart Health

Systematic review of 49 RCTs involving 9901 participants assessing interventions to attenuate cardiovascular calcification. Aged garlic extract consistently showed attenuation of cardiovascular calcification, while other interventions like vitamin K and omega-3 fatty acids did not show significant effects.

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2020·Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition·A. Zini, J. Mann, S. Mazor, et al

Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: a randomized controlled double-blind clinical study

RCTn = 201Inflammation

RCT assessing the long-term efficacy of aged garlic extract on periodontitis in 201 participants. The aged garlic extract group showed significant improvement in Probing Pocket Depth compared to baseline and placebo, indicating its beneficial effect on periodontal disease.

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2023·Nutrients·José C E Serrano, E. Castro-Boqué, A. García-Carrasco, et al

Antihypertensive Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract in Subjects with Grade I Hypertension and Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Randomized, Triple-Blind Controlled Trial

RCTHeart Health

A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial tested the antihypertensive effects of an optimized aged black garlic extract with low doses of s-allyl-cysteine in Grade I hypertensive patients on drug therapy. The study found reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, increased blood nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity, and reduced uric acid levels and ACE activity.

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2022·Nutrients·Rosa M Valls, Judit Companys, Lorena Calderón-Pérez, et al

Effects of an Optimized Aged Garlic Extract on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Moderate Hypercholesterolemic Subjects: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, Sustainedand Controlled Study.

RCTn = 67Heart Health

RCT of 67 hypercholesterolemic individuals assessing the effect of aged black garlic (ABG) extract with standardized S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) on cardiovascular disease risk factors. ABG extract reduced diastolic blood pressure, particularly in men with DBP > 75 mm Hg, suggesting potential heart health benefits.

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2021·International wound journal·Sandra Lindstedt, Martiné Wlosinska, Ann-Christin Nilsson, et al

Successful improved peripheral tissue perfusion was seen in patients with atherosclerosis after 12 months of treatment with aged garlic extract.

RCTn = 93Heart Health

RCT of 93 patients with coronary artery arteriolosclerosis comparing 2400 mg aged garlic extract daily to placebo for 1 year. Aged garlic extract significantly improved peripheral tissue perfusion and microcirculation, suggesting potential benefits for vascular health and wound healing.

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2020·BMC complementary medicine and therapies·Martiné Wlosinska, Ann-Christin Nilsson, Joanna Hlebowicz, et al

The effect of aged garlic extract on the atherosclerotic process - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.

RCTn = 104Heart Health Inflammation Nutrition

RCT evaluating the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on coronary artery calcification (CAC) in 104 patients with a Framingham risk score ≥10. AGE significantly inhibited CAC progression, lowered IL-6, glucose levels, and blood pressure compared to placebo. An algorithm predicted CAC progression and blood pressure reduction with high precision.

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2022·European journal of nutrition·Renata Leitão, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Cristina Rezende, et al

Improved microvascular reactivity after aged garlic extract intake is not mediated by hydrogen sulfide in older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 28Heart Health

This randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on microvascular reactivity and blood pressure in older adults at risk for cardiovascular disease. AGE intake significantly improved microvascular reactivity and reduced systolic blood pressure compared to placebo, but these effects were not mediated by changes in urinary thiosulfate levels.

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2021·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·Martiné Wlosinska, A. Nilsson, J. Hlebowicz, et al

Aged Garlic Extract Reduces IL-6: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial in Females with a Low Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

RCTn = 29Inflammation Heart Health

A double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluated the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) supplementation on inflammation in 31 females with low cardiovascular risk. After 12 months, the AGE group showed significantly lower levels of the inflammatory marker IL-6 compared to placebo. Blood lipids showed a non-significant trend towards improvement.

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2019·International wound journal·Martine Wlosinska, Ann-Christin Nilsson, Joanna Hlebowicz, et al

Aged garlic extract preserves cutaneous microcirculation in patients with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases: A double-blinded placebo-controlled study.

RCTn = 122Heart Health

Double-blinded placebo-controlled study of 122 patients with increased cardiovascular risk, assessing the effect of 2400 mg daily aged garlic extract (AGE) on cutaneous microcirculation over 12 months. AGE significantly increased microcirculation compared to placebo, suggesting potential benefits for cardiovascular health and wound healing.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·K. Shaikh, A. Kinninger, Lavanya Cherukuri, et al

Aged garlic extract reduces low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries of patients with diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

RCTn = 66Heart Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on coronary plaque volume in patients with diabetes. The study found that the AGE group exhibited a statistically significant regression in low-attenuation plaque compared to the placebo group, suggesting a positive effect on heart health.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·S. Hamal, Lavanya Cherukuri, D. Birudaraju, et al

Short-term impact of aged garlic extract on endothelial function in diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

RCTn = 65Heart Health

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on endothelial function in 65 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus over 3 months. The study found that AGE significantly reduced the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) compared to placebo, suggesting a positive impact on endothelial function and potential role in cardiovascular disease prevention.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·J. Gruenwald, U. Bongartz, G. Bothe, et al

Effects of aged garlic extract on arterial elasticity in a placebo-controlled clinical trial using EndoPAT™ technology

RCTn = 57Heart Health

This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examined the effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on arterial elasticity in 57 subjects with slightly elevated blood pressure over 12 weeks. The study confirmed a significant decrease in blood pressure and improved arterial elasticity in the AGE group, demonstrating positive effects on cardiovascular risk factors.

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2018·The Journal of clinical dentistry·Avraham Zini, Jonathan Mann, Sigal Mazor, et al

The Efficacy of Aged Garlic Extract on Gingivitis - A Randomized Clinical Trial.

RCTn = 151Inflammation

RCT assessing the effect of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) on gingivitis and gingival bleeding over four months. The study found a statistically significant decrease in the Modified Gingival Index and Gingival Bleeding Index scores for the AGE group compared to placebo, indicating benefits for oral health.

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2018·Coronary artery disease·Irfan Zeb, Naser Ahmadi, Ferdinand Flores, et al

Randomized trial evaluating the effect of aged garlic extract with supplements versus placebo on adipose tissue surrogates for coronary atherosclerosis progression.

RCTn = 60Heart Health

Randomized trial of 60 asymptomatic participants evaluating the effect of aged garlic extract with supplements (AGE+S) versus placebo on coronary atherosclerosis progression. The study found that AGE+S significantly reduced the increase in epicardial, pericardial, periaortic, and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes compared to placebo over 12 months.

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2018·Clinical nutrition ESPEN·Changjie Xu, Anne E Mathews, Camila Rodrigues, et al

Aged garlic extract supplementation modifies inflammation and immunity of adults with obesity: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

RCTn = 51Inflammation Immunity Heart Health

RCT of 51 adults with obesity comparing aged garlic extract (AGE) supplementation to placebo for 6 weeks. AGE reduced serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels, modulated immune cell distribution, and lowered blood LDL concentration, suggesting benefits in reducing inflammation and improving immune function.

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2016·The Journal of nutrition·Susan S Percival

Aged Garlic Extract Modifies Human Immunity.

RCTn = 120Immunity Inflammation

RCT with 120 healthy participants aged 21-50, comparing 2.56 g/day aged garlic extract (AGE) to placebo over 90 days during cold and flu season. AGE improved proliferation and activation of γδ-T and NK cells, and reduced cold and flu severity, though not the number of illnesses.

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2016·Integrated Blood Pressure Control·K. Ried, N. Travica, A. Sali

The effect of aged garlic extract on blood pressure and other cardiovascular risk factors in uncontrolled hypertensives: the AGE at Heart trial

RCTn = 88Heart Health Inflammation

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of 88 patients with uncontrolled hypertension over 12 weeks, assessing the effect of aged garlic extract on blood pressure and cardiovascular markers. Aged garlic extract significantly reduced systolic blood pressure and showed trends of beneficial effects on central hemodynamics and inflammatory markers.

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2016·The Journal of nutrition·Suguru Matsumoto, Rine Nakanishi, Dong Li, et al

Aged Garlic Extract Reduces Low Attenuation Plaque in Coronary Arteries of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome in a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study.

RCTn = 55Heart Health

Prospective randomized double-blind study of 55 patients with metabolic syndrome comparing 2400 mg/day aged garlic extract to placebo. The study found that aged garlic extract significantly reduced low attenuation plaque in coronary arteries, suggesting a positive effect on heart health.

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2013·International journal of cardiology·Naser Ahmadi, Vahid Nabavi, Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, et al

Aged garlic extract with supplement is associated with increase in brown adipose, decrease in white adipose tissue and predict lack of progression in coronary atherosclerosis.

RCTn = 60Heart Health Inflammation

RCT of 60 subjects comparing aged garlic extract with supplement (AGE-S) to placebo over 12 months. AGE-S was associated with increased brown adipose tissue, decreased white adipose tissue, reduced homocysteine levels, and lack of progression in coronary artery calcium, indicating improved heart health and vascular function.

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2013·Mediators of inflammation·Diego Gómez-Arbeláez, Vicente Lahera, Pilar Oubiña, et al

Aged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study.

RCTHeart Health

Double-blind, crossover, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the effect of 1.2 g/day of aged garlic extract (AGE) for 24 weeks on subjects with metabolic syndrome. AGE increased plasma adiponectin levels, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.

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2012·Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)·Meri P Nantz, Cheryl A Rowe, Catherine E Muller, et al

Supplementation with aged garlic extract improves both NK and γδ-T cell function and reduces the severity of cold and flu symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled nutrition intervention.

RCTn = 120Immunity

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 120 healthy subjects examined the effects of aged garlic extract supplementation on immune cell proliferation and cold and flu symptoms. The study found that aged garlic extract improved proliferation of γδ-T cells and NK cells, and reduced the severity of cold and flu symptoms, including fewer symptoms reported, fewer days of sub-optimal functioning, and fewer work/school days missed.

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2012·European journal of clinical nutrition·K Ried, O R Frank, N P Stocks

Aged garlic extract reduces blood pressure in hypertensives: a dose-response trial.

RCTn = 79Heart Health

Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled dose-response trial of aged garlic extract in 79 patients with uncontrolled systolic hypertension over 12 weeks. The garlic-2-capsule group showed a significant reduction in mean systolic blood pressure compared to placebo, with high tolerability and acceptability.

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2012·Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research·I. Zeb, Naser Ahmadi, K. Nasir, et al

Aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 have favorable effect on inflammatory markers and coronary atherosclerosis progression: A randomized clinical trial

RCTn = 65Heart Health Inflammation

A randomized clinical trial with 65 intermediate risk firefighters evaluated the effect of aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 on inflammatory markers and coronary atherosclerosis progression. The AGE+CoQ10 group showed significantly lower coronary artery calcium progression and decreased C-reactive protein levels compared to placebo after 1 year.

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2012·Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·Vahid Nabavi Larijani, Naser Ahmadi, Irfan Zeb, et al

Beneficial effects of aged garlic extract and coenzyme Q10 on vascular elasticity and endothelial function: the FAITH randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 65Heart Health

RCT of 65 Los Angeles County firefighters testing aged garlic extract (AGE) plus CoQ10 versus placebo. The AGE/CoQ10 group showed significant improvements in vascular elasticity and endothelial function after 1 year, suggesting benefits for atherosclerotic prevention.

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2010·The American journal of cardiology·Naser Ahmadi, Sotirios Tsimikas, Fereshteh Hajsadeghi, et al

Relation of oxidative biomarkers, vascular dysfunction, and progression of coronary artery calcium.

RCTn = 60Heart Health

RCT evaluating the effect of aged garlic extract plus supplement versus placebo on coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in 60 asymptomatic subjects. The study found a strong inverse correlation between CAC progression and increases in vascular function and oxidative stress markers, suggesting aged garlic extract may improve heart health by reducing CAC progression.

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2010·Maturitas·Karin Ried, Oliver R Frank, Nigel P Stocks

Aged garlic extract lowers blood pressure in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: a randomised controlled trial.

RCTn = 50Heart Health

A double-blind parallel randomised placebo-controlled trial involving 50 patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension. The active treatment group received aged garlic extract, which significantly lowered systolic blood pressure compared to placebo over 12 weeks. Aged garlic extract was well tolerated and had high acceptability.

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2009·Preventive medicine·Matthew J Budoff, Naser Ahmadi, Khawar M Gul, et al

Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial.

RCTn = 65Heart Health Inflammation

This randomized clinical trial assessed the effects of aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid, and L-arginine on cardiovascular health in 65 intermediate risk patients. The study found that the supplement combination significantly reduced the progression of coronary artery calcium and improved vascular function compared to placebo, along with favorable changes in oxidative biomarkers.

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2006·The Journal of nutrition·Henry Macan, Rolando Uykimpang, Marcionila Alconcel, et al

Aged garlic extract may be safe for patients on warfarin therapy.

RCTn = 52

Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study of aged garlic extract (AGE) with warfarin in 52 patients. The study found no evidence of increased hemorrhage or significant adverse events, suggesting AGE is relatively safe for patients on warfarin therapy.

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2006·The Journal of nutrition·Shinji Tanaka, Ken Haruma, Masaharu Yoshihara, et al

Aged garlic extract has potential suppressive effect on colorectal adenomas in humans.

RCTn = 51Longevity

A double-blind, randomized clinical trial evaluated the effects of high-dose aged garlic extract (AGE) on colorectal adenomas in 51 patients. The study found that high-dose AGE significantly suppressed the size and number of colon adenomas after 12 months of treatment, suggesting its potential to reduce cancer incidence and suppress growth.

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2006·The Journal of nutrition·Hideki Ishikawa, Tomoko Saeki, Toru Otani, et al

Aged garlic extract prevents a decline of NK cell number and activity in patients with advanced cancer.

RCTn = 50Immunity

RCT of aged garlic extract (AGE) in 50 patients with advanced colorectal, liver, or pancreatic cancer. AGE administration increased NK cell number and activity but did not improve quality of life. No adverse effects were observed.

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2006·The Journal of nutrition·Matthew Budoff

Aged garlic extract retards progression of coronary artery calcification.

RCTHeart Health

Pilot study evaluating the effect of aged garlic extract on coronary artery calcification in patients also on statin therapy. The study suggested incremental benefits of garlic therapy in retarding the progression of coronary artery calcification.

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2004·Hiroshima journal of medical sciences·Shinji Tanaka, Ken Haruma, Masaki Kunihiro, et al

Effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on colorectal adenomas: a double-blinded study.

RCTn = 51Longevity

Double-blinded randomized study of aged garlic extract (AGE) on colorectal adenomas in 51 patients. High-AGE group showed a decrease in adenoma size and number compared to the low-AGE group, suggesting potential preventive and therapeutic effects of AGE on colorectal adenomas.

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2002·Gan to kagaku ryoho. Cancer & chemotherapy·Hideki Ishikawa

[Cancer prevention in familial cancer].

RCTn = 100

Interventional randomized controlled trial for the prevention of colorectal cancer in 100 patients with hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer. Regimen A includes dietary guidance and ingestion of aged garlic extract (AGE) capsules, while Regimen B includes dietary guidance and non-function capsules. The main endpoint is the number and size of colorectal adenomas after 2 years.

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2000·Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·S T Ohnishi, T Ohnishi, G B Ogunmola

Sickle cell anemia: a potential nutritional approach for a molecular disease.

RCT

The study investigated the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the formation of dense cells in sickle cell anemia. In vitro, supplements like aged garlic extract, black tea extract, and vitamin E inhibited dense cell formation. A pilot clinical trial suggested that a combination of aged garlic extract, vitamin C, and vitamin E may benefit patients.

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2000·The Journal of nutrition·K Rahman, D Billington

Dietary supplementation with aged garlic extract inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in humans.

RCTHeart Health

A 13-week RCT in normolipidemic subjects ingesting 5 mL of aged garlic extract daily. The study found that AGE significantly inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.

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2018·Frontiers in Nutrition·K. Ried, N. Travica, A. Sali

The Effect of Kyolic Aged Garlic Extract on Gut Microbiota, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Markers in Hypertensives: The GarGIC Trial

RCTn = 49Heart Health Inflammation Gut Health

A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with 49 hypertensive participants assessed the effects of Kyolic aged garlic extract on blood pressure, arterial stiffness, inflammatory markers, and gut microbiota over 12 weeks. The extract significantly reduced blood pressure and improved gut microbiota diversity, with trends in reducing inflammation markers.

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2016·Journal of diabetes and its complications·Marc Atkin, David Laight, Michael H Cummings

The effects of garlic extract upon endothelial function, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in adults with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk. A pilot double blind randomized placebo controlled trial.

RCTn = 26Heart Health -Inflammation -Nutrition -

A double blind, placebo controlled crossover pilot study in 26 subjects with type 2 diabetes tested the effects of 1200 mg of aged garlic extract (AGE) daily for 4 weeks. The study found that AGE had no significant effect on endothelial function, vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, or insulin resistance.

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2014·The aging male : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of the Aging Male·Hiroaki Nishimatsu, Tadaichi Kitamura, Daisuke Yamada, et al

Improvement of symptoms of aging in males by a preparation LEOPIN ROYAL containing aged garlic extract and other five of natural medicines - comparison with traditional herbal medicines (Kampo).

RCTn = 49Mens Health Sexual Health

Open-labeled, randomized clinical trial comparing LEOPIN ROYAL (LER), containing aged garlic extract and other natural medicines, to Kampo in 49 males with aging symptoms. LER showed greater improvement in the Aging Males' Symptoms scale and International Index of Erectile Function compared to Kampo, indicating potential benefits for symptoms of aging and erectile dysfunction.

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2006·The Journal of nutrition·Junichiro Takasu, Rolando Uykimpang, Maria Alenor Sunga, et al

Aged garlic extract is a potential therapy for sickle-cell anemia.

RCTn = 5Inflammation

Study evaluated the antioxidant effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) on sickle red blood cells in five patients with sickle-cell anemia. AGE administration reduced the number of Heinz bodies over a 4-week period, suggesting significant antioxidant activity.

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2005·Phytotherapy research : PTR·Michael J A Williams, Wayne H F Sutherland, Maree P McCormick, et al

Aged garlic extract improves endothelial function in men with coronary artery disease.

RCTn = 15Heart Health

RCT with 15 men with coronary artery disease testing aged garlic extract (AGE) on endothelial function. AGE supplementation significantly increased flow-mediated dilation (FMD) compared to placebo, suggesting improved endothelial function. Markers of oxidant stress, systemic inflammation, and endothelial activation did not change significantly.

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2004·Preventive medicine·Matthew J Budoff, Junichiro Takasu, Ferdinand R Flores, et al

Inhibiting progression of coronary calcification using Aged Garlic Extract in patients receiving statin therapy: a preliminary study.

RCTn = 19Heart Health

A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized pilot study assessed the efficacy of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) on atherosclerosis progression in 19 patients over 1 year. The AGE group showed a significantly lower increase in calcium scores compared to placebo, suggesting potential inhibition of coronary calcification progression.

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2001·The Journal of nutrition·M Steiner, W Li

Aged garlic extract, a modulator of cardiovascular risk factors: a dose-finding study on the effects of AGE on platelet functions.

RCTn = 34Heart Health

Randomized, double-blind study on the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on platelet functions in 34 healthy individuals. AGE administration inhibited platelet aggregation and adhesion in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.

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1999·Atherosclerosis·J S Munday, K A James, L M Fray, et al

Daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, but not raw garlic, protects low density lipoprotein against in vitro oxidation.

RCTHeart Health

RCT comparing the effects of daily supplementation with aged garlic extract, raw garlic, and DL-alpha-tocopherol acetate on LDL oxidation in human subjects. Aged garlic extract and alpha-tocopherol increased LDL resistance to oxidation, suggesting potential heart health benefits.

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1998·Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology·M Steiner, R S Lin

Changes in platelet function and susceptibility of lipoproteins to oxidation associated with administration of aged garlic extract.

RCTHeart Health

A 10-month RCT comparing aged garlic extract (AGE) with placebo in moderately hypercholesterolemic men. AGE supplementation significantly reduced epinephrine- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and platelet adhesion to fibrinogen, with a trend toward decreased lipoprotein oxidation susceptibility, suggesting cardiovascular protection.

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2023·PLOS ONE·Qiwei Yang, Fang Li, Guohui Jia, et al

Aged black garlic extract inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells by downregulating MCL-1 expression through the ROS-JNK pathway

In vitro

The study investigates the effects of black garlic extract on estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. It found that the extract inhibits proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, promotes apoptosis, and modulates the ROS-JNK signaling pathway to downregulate MCL-1 expression. The extract also synergizes with venetoclax to kill cancer cells.

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2023·Food & function·F. Geddo, G. Querio, A. Asteggiano, et al

Improving endothelial health with food-derived H2S donors: an in vitro study with S-allyl cysteine and with a black-garlic extract enriched in sulfur-containing compounds.

In vitroHeart Health

In vitro study on the effects of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) and black garlic extract (BGE) on endothelial health. SAC and BGE significantly increased H2S release, reduced ROS production, and enhanced eNOS phosphorylation and NO release in Bovine Aortic Endothelial cells, suggesting potential benefits for preventing endothelial dysfunction-related diseases.

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2023·Foods·L. Recinella, M. Libero, V. Citi, et al

Anti-Inflammatory and Vasorelaxant Effects Induced by an Aqueous Aged Black Garlic Extract Supplemented with Vitamins D, C, and B12 on Cardiovascular System

Animal studyInflammation Heart Health

The study investigated the protective effects of aged black garlic extract (ABGE) alone or with vitamins D, C, and B12 on mouse heart specimens exposed to E. coli LPS. ABGE and the vitamin formulation suppressed LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression and increased H2S formation, suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.

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2021·Molecules·S. M. Asdaq, O. Challa, A. Alamri, et al

Cytoprotective Potential of Aged Garlic Extract (AGE) and Its Active Constituent, S-allyl-l-cysteine, in Presence of Carvedilol during Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Disturbance and Metabolic Derangements in Rats

Animal studyHeart Health

The study investigated the interaction of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its active constituent S-allyl-l-cysteine (SAC) with carvedilol in rats with isoproterenol-induced myocardial dysfunction. High doses of AGE and SAC, alone or with carvedilol, significantly decreased serum LDH and CK-MB activities and increased endogenous antioxidants, indicating a synergistic cytoprotective effect on the myocardium.

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2021·Antioxidants·Chun-Yu Chen, Tsung-Yu Tsai, Bing‐Huei Chen

Effects of Black Garlic Extract and Nanoemulsion on the Deoxy Corticosterone Acetate-Salt Induced Hypertension and Its Associated Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rats

Animal studyHeart Health Brain Health

Animal study on the effects of black garlic extract and nanoemulsion on deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension and mild cognitive impairment in rats. Both forms decreased systolic blood pressure and improved learning/memory ability, with effects following the order: lisinopril > black garlic nanoemulsion > black garlic extract.

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1996·The American journal of clinical nutrition·M Steiner, A H Khan, D Holbert, et al

A double-blind crossover study in moderately hypercholesterolemic men that compared the effect of aged garlic extract and placebo administration on blood lipids.

RCTn = 41Heart Health

A double-blind crossover study in 41 moderately hypercholesterolemic men compared the effects of aged garlic extract and placebo on blood lipids. Aged garlic extract reduced total serum cholesterol by up to 7.0% and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol by up to 4.6% compared to placebo. It also decreased systolic blood pressure by 5.5% and modestly reduced diastolic blood pressure.

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2022·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·P. Tedeschi, Manuela Nigro, A. Travagli, et al

Therapeutic Potential of Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease

ReviewBrain Health

This narrative review examines the therapeutic potential of garlic, particularly aged garlic extract (AGE) and allicin, in Alzheimer's disease. It discusses the chemical composition, metabolism, and bioavailability of garlic bioactive compounds, highlighting their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective activities, and their potential to improve learning and memory.

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2019·Biomedical reports·M. Ohtani, Tsubasa Nishimura

Sulfur-containing amino acids in aged garlic extract inhibit inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells by suppressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and IL-6 secretion.

In vitroInflammation

In vitro study examining the effects of sulfur-containing amino acids in aged garlic extract on inflammation in human gingival epithelial cells. S-1-propenylcysteine reduced ICAM-1 protein levels, while S-allylcysteine and S-allylmercaptocysteine attenuated IL-6 secretion and inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation, suggesting synergistic anti-inflammatory effects.

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2019·Experimental and therapeutic medicine·Toshio Maeda, Satomi Miki, N. Morihara, et al

Aged garlic extract ameliorates fatty liver and insulin resistance and improves the gut microbiota profile in a mouse model of insulin resistance.

Animal studyGut Health Inflammation Nutrition

Animal study on the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) in insulin-resistant and normal mice. AGE improved insulin resistance, reduced liver triglyceride accumulation, and altered gut microbiota composition in insulin-resistant mice, but not in normal mice.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·Y. Kanamori, L. D. Via, A. Macone, et al

Aged garlic extract and its constituent, S-allyl-L-cysteine, induce the apoptosis of neuroblastoma cancer cells due to mitochondrial membrane depolarization

In vitro

The study investigates the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its constituent S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC) on neuroblastoma cancer cells. AGE and SAC were found to induce apoptosis in these cells through mitochondrial membrane depolarization, suggesting their potential anticancer activity.

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2018·BMC Veterinary Research·O. Yamato, T. Tsuneyoshi, M. Ushijima, et al

Safety and efficacy of aged garlic extract in dogs: upregulation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and Nrf2-regulated phase II antioxidant enzymes

Animal studyInflammation

The study evaluated the safety and efficacy of long-term oral administration of aged garlic extract (AGE) in dogs. AGE was administered at doses of 45 or 90 mg/kg body weight daily for 12 weeks. No adverse effects were observed, and AGE upregulated the expression of Nrf2 and Nrf2-regulated phase II antioxidant enzymes, suggesting potential health benefits.

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2018·International journal of oncology·S. Ohkubo, L. Dalla Via, S. Grancara, et al

The antioxidant, aged garlic extract, exerts cytotoxic effects on wild-type and multidrug-resistant human cancer cells by altering mitochondrial permeability.

In vitro

The study investigates the cytotoxic effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on both sensitive and multidrug-resistant human cancer cell lines. AGE was found to exert an anti-proliferative effect and enhance hyperthermia effects on M14 melanoma cells. It alters mitochondrial permeability by inducing mitochondrial membrane depolarization and activating the K+/H+ exchanger, leading to oxidative stress and mitochondrial permeability transition.

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2017·Nutrients·Nutchareeporn Nillert, W. Pannangrong, J. U. Welbat, et al

Neuroprotective Effects of Aged Garlic Extract on Cognitive Dysfunction and Neuroinflammation Induced by β-Amyloid in Rats

Animal studyBrain Health Inflammation

Animal study investigating the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation induced by β-amyloid in rats. AGE at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW significantly improved short-term recognition memory and reduced neuroinflammation by minimizing microglia activation and IL-1β levels.

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2017·Nutrients·Piyaporn Thorajak, W. Pannangrong, Jariya Umka Welbat, et al

Effects of Aged Garlic Extract on Cholinergic, Glutamatergic and GABAergic Systems with Regard to Cognitive Impairment in Aβ-Induced Rats

Animal studyBrain Health

Animal study investigating the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on cognitive dysfunction in Aβ-induced rats. AGE significantly improved working memory and ameliorated the loss of cholinergic neurons, increased VGLUT1 and GAD levels in the hippocampus, but did not change VGLUT2 protein levels.

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2016·Scientific Reports·Hailong Song, Yuan Lu, Yuan Lu, et al

Effects of aged garlic extract and FruArg on gene expression and signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglial cells

In vitroInflammation Brain Health

The study investigates the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its component FruArg on gene expression in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells. AGE and FruArg significantly attenuated neuroinflammatory responses and reversed LPS-induced gene expression changes, suggesting their potential to alleviate oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

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2015·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·S. M. Asdaq

Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Potential of Aged Garlic Extract and Its Constituent, S-Allyl Cysteine, in Rats

Animal studyHeart Health Inflammation

The study explored the antioxidant and hypolipidemic effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its constituent s-allyl cysteine (SAC) in rats. Both AGE and SAC significantly reduced elevated levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and various liver enzymes, while increasing antioxidant enzyme activities. AGE showed superior protective effects compared to SAC, suggesting additional active constituents in AGE.

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2014·Indian Journal of Pharmacology·Pulla Reddy Avula, S. M. Asdaq, M. Asad

Effect of aged garlic extract and s-allyl cysteine and their interaction with atenolol during isoproterenol induced myocardial toxicity in rats

Animal studyHeart Health

The study evaluates the cardioprotective effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and S-allylcysteine (SAC) and their interaction with atenolol in isoproterenol-induced cardiac toxicity in rats. AGE and SAC administration improved ECG changes and decreased serum LDH and CK-MB activities, indicating dose-dependent cardioprotection.

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2013·Indian Journal of Pharmacology·T. Shiju, N. Rajesh, P. Viswanathan

Renoprotective effect of aged garlic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Animal study

The study investigated the renoprotective effect of aged garlic extract (AGE) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AGE supplementation restored biochemical changes in urine and serum, and improved kidney histopathology, suggesting its potential to ameliorate kidney damage in diabetic rats.

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2019·Nutrients·S. Amor, D. González-Hedström, B. Martín-Carro, et al

Beneficial Effects of an Aged Black Garlic Extract in the Metabolic and Vascular Alterations Induced by a High Fat/Sucrose Diet in Male Rats

Animal studyn = 36Inflammation Nutrition Heart Health

The study analyzed the effects of an aged black garlic extract on metabolic and vascular alterations in male rats induced by a high-fat/sucrose diet. ABG10+® treatment improved metabolic markers such as body weight, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels, and attenuated obesity-induced vasoconstriction, suggesting beneficial effects on inflammation, fat metabolism, and vascular function.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·Y. Kodera, M. Kurita, M. Nakamoto, et al

Chemistry of aged garlic: Diversity of constituents in aged garlic extract and their production mechanisms via the combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions

Review

This narrative review discusses the chemical and enzymatic transformation processes of compounds in raw garlic during the aging process to form aged garlic extract (AGE). It identifies various sulfur-containing molecules and their production mechanisms, including enzymatic reactions and isomerization.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·B. Sripanidkulchai

Benefits of aged garlic extract on Alzheimer's disease: Possible mechanisms of action

ReviewBrain Health

This narrative review summarizes the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on learning and memory, particularly in the context of Alzheimer's disease. It discusses the antioxidant activity of AGE and its potential neuroprotective effects against cognitive and memory deficits.

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2019·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine·T. Tsuneyoshi

BACH1 mediates the antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract

ReviewHeart Health

This narrative review discusses the antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract (AGE) and its sulfur-containing amino acids, S1PC and SAC. The review highlights the role of S1PC in enhancing the degradation of BACH1, a transcriptional repressor, which may contribute to the antioxidant effects of AGE.

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2014·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM·G. Badr, Jawaher Abdulaziz AL-Mulhim

The Protective Effect of Aged Garlic Extract on Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Induced Gastric Inflammations in Male Albino Rats

Animal studyn = 48Gut Health Inflammation

Animal study exploring the effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) on indomethacin-induced gastric inflammation in male rats. The higher dose of AGE (200 mg/kg) showed significant gastroprotective effects, including gastric mucosal healing and normalization of oxidative stress markers, supporting its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

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