Research
Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR)
113 peer-reviewed studies curated from PubMed and Semantic Scholar.
Studies
Sorted by quality and recency
The Effect of Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Animal Models: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR) on peripheral nerve injuries in rats with sciatic nerve injury. ALCAR was administered either in drinking water or via intra-peritoneal injection. The review suggests ALCAR increases tolerance to thermal and mechanical stimuli, reduces latency, and reduces apoptosis, though the mechanisms remain unclear.
Treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review of randomized control trials.
Systematic review of RCTs evaluating pharmaceutical interventions for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Acetyl l-carnitine (ALC) might worsen CIPN symptoms, while other substances like duloxetine and crocin showed moderate benefits.
Plasma acetyl-l-carnitine and l-carnitine in major depressive episodes: a case–control study before and after treatment
Case-control study comparing plasma levels of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) and l-carnitine in 460 patients with major depressive episodes and 893 healthy controls. Depressed patients had lower ALC levels and higher l-carnitine levels, which were restored after 6 months of antidepressant treatment. The baseline l-carnitine/ALC ratio predicted remission after 3 months of treatment.
Acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Meta-analysis of four studies with 907 participants assessing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). ALC reduced pain more than placebo at doses greater than 1500 mg/day, but evidence was of very low certainty. Functional and sensory impairment data were lacking or of very low certainty, and adverse event evidence was too uncertain to assess safety.
Acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
This Cochrane systematic review assessed the benefits and harms of acetyl-L-carnitine for patients with hepatic encephalopathy, analyzing five trials with 398 participants. The review found that acetyl-L-carnitine reduces blood ammonium levels compared to placebo, but there were no clear differences in quality of life, fatigue, or non-serious adverse events. The evidence was rated as very low quality due to high risk of bias and small sample sizes.
Efficacy of different drugs in the treatment of minimal hepatic encephalopathy: A network meta-analysis involving 826 patients based on 10 randomized controlled trials.
Network meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of lactulose, probiotics, rifaximin, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), and L-Ornithine L-aspartate (LOLA) in treating minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) in 826 patients across 10 RCTs. ALC showed the highest efficacy in reducing serum ammonia and increasing serum albumin levels.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation and the Treatment of Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 12 RCTs with 791 participants examining acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) supplementation for depressive symptoms. ALC significantly reduced depressive symptoms compared to placebo/no intervention and showed similar effectiveness to antidepressants with fewer adverse effects. ALC was most efficacious in older adults.
Comparative Safety of Pharmacologic Treatments for Persistent Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.
Systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing the safety of antidepressants for persistent depressive disorder. Acetyl-l-carnitine showed lower rates of adverse events and treatment discontinuations compared to other antidepressants. The study included 34 trials with 4,769 patients.
Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs assessing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) for peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP). ALC significantly reduced pain scores on the visual analogue scale compared to placebo, with greater efficacy in diabetic PNP patients. No severe adverse events were reported.
Efficacy and acceptability of acute treatments for persistent depressive disorder: a network meta-analysis.
Network meta-analysis of 45 trials testing 28 drugs for persistent depressive disorder, including acetyl-l-carnitine, which was significantly more effective than placebo. The study also compared psychotherapeutic and combined interventions, finding significant differences in efficacy and acceptability among treatments.
Oral acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in hepatic encephalopathy: view of evidence-based medicine.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 7 randomized controlled trials involving 660 participants with hepatic encephalopathy. Acetyl-L-carnitine was found to improve serum ammonia levels and the number connection test completion time, suggesting it is an effective and tolerable treatment for hepatic encephalopathy.
Acetyl-L-carnitine improves pain, nerve regeneration, and vibratory perception in patients with chronic diabetic neuropathy: an analysis of two randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Analysis of two 52-week randomized placebo-controlled trials with 1,257 patients testing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) for diabetic neuropathy. ALC improved sural nerve fiber numbers, regenerating nerve fiber clusters, and vibration perception. Pain showed significant improvement in one study and in the combined cohort taking 1,000 mg ALC.
Efficacy Of Combined Nutritional And Pharmacological Interventions In PCOS: A Six Month Randomized Controlled Trial.
RCT examining the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine, L-Arginine, CoQ10, and Metformin on PCOS management in 63 women. Both nutraceutical and combination therapies improved metabolic, hormonal, and psychological outcomes over 24 weeks, with greater benefits observed in the combination group.
Efficacy and Safety of Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Agmatine Sulfate Compared to Escitalopram in Major Depressive Disorder: A Double-Blind Study
Double-blind RCT comparing the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) containing Acetyl-L-carnitine and Agmatine Sulfate versus Escitalopram in 60 participants with Major Depressive Disorder. The FDC significantly reduced depression severity scores more than Escitalopram and had fewer adverse events.
Clinical usefulness of nutraceutics with acetyl-L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, phosphatidylserine, curcumin, C, E and B-group vitamins in patients awaiting for carpal tunnel release during COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled open label prospective study.
RCT investigating the efficacy of a 600 mg dietary integrator composed of acetyl-L-carnitine, alpha-lipoic acid, phosphatidylserine, curcumin, and vitamins C, E, B1, B2, B6, and B12 in patients with mild to moderate Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). The study found significant improvement in BCTQ symptoms and pain with the supplement, though surgery remains the gold standard for functional recovery.
Acetyl-L-carnitine Slows the Progression from Prefrailty to Frailty in Older Subjects: A Randomized Interventional Clinical Trial.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 92 prefrail older subjects evaluating the effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) over 3 months. ALCAR treatment decreased C reactive protein, increased serum-free carnitine, improved Mini-Mental state scores, and enhanced 6-walking distance compared to placebo.
Clinical Evidence of Acetyl-L-Carnitine Efficacy in the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Pilot Clinical Trial.
Pilot clinical trial evaluating oral Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in 69 patients with acute ischemic stroke. ALC group showed significant improvements in NIHSS and mRS scores at day 90 compared to placebo, with higher rates of favorable functional outcomes. ALC also decreased proinflammatory biomarkers and increased antioxidant biomarkers.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Ameliorates Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations in Women with PCOS: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
Double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) with metformin plus pioglitazone in 147 women with PCOS. The combo group receiving ALC showed significant improvements in insulin resistance, adiponectin levels, hormone levels, body circumference, stress scores, and menstrual regularity compared to the metformin plus pioglitazone group.
Two-Year Trends of Taxane-Induced Neuropathy in Women Enrolled in a Randomized Trial of Acetyl-L-Carnitine (SWOG S0715).
RCT of 409 women undergoing taxane-based chemotherapy for breast cancer, comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) to placebo over 24 weeks. ALC was found to significantly worsen chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) over two years, with greater reductions in neurotoxicity scores compared to placebo.
Blood Pressure and Metabolic Effects of Acetyl-l-Carnitine in Type 2 Diabetes: DIABASI Randomized Controlled Trial
RCT of 229 patients with hypertension and dyslipidemic type 2 diabetes assessing the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) on systolic blood pressure, lipid, and glycemic control. Six-month ALC supplementation did not significantly affect blood pressure, lipid and glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, or kidney function compared to placebo.
Pharmacological treatments for fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of pharmacological treatments for fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. Amantadine was found effective, while l-carnitine showed potential similar effects, though limited by small sample sizes. The study suggests further RCTs are needed to validate these findings.
Clinical practice guidelines on the evidence-based use of integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment.
Systematic review providing clinical practice guidelines on integrative therapies during and after breast cancer treatment. Acetyl-L-carnitine is not recommended for preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy due to potential harm. The review highlights the limited evidence for dietary supplements in managing treatment-related side effects.
A prospective study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral acetyl-L-carnitine for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.
Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 239 patients with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Patients received 3 g/day acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) or placebo for 8 weeks. ALC significantly improved peripheral sensory neuropathy and cancer-associated fatigue compared to placebo, with no significant difference in adverse events.
Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and methylcobalamin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.
Multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and methylcobalamin (MC) for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Both groups showed significant reductions in neuropathy symptom and disability scores with no significant difference between them. Neurophysiological parameters improved in both groups, and both treatments were well-tolerated.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy in women undergoing adjuvant breast cancer therapy.
A 24-week randomized double-blind trial compared acetyl-L-carnitine (3,000 mg per day) with placebo in women undergoing adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy. The study found no evidence that ALC affected CIPN at 12 weeks, but significantly increased CIPN by 24 weeks. Patients receiving ALC were more likely to have a decrease in FACT-NTX scores and experienced more grade 3 to 4 neurotoxicity.
Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis.
Systematic review assessing carnitine supplementation for reducing fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. The review included one completed and one ongoing trial, finding insufficient evidence that carnitine offers a therapeutic advantage over placebo or active comparators for MS-related fatigue.
Carnitine for fatigue in multiple sclerosis.
Systematic review assessing carnitine supplementation for reducing fatigue in multiple sclerosis patients. The review identified one crossover RCT comparing acetyl L-carnitine to amantadine, finding no clear effect of carnitine on fatigue. Insufficient evidence for carnitine's therapeutic advantage over placebo or comparators.
A double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of acetyl-L-carnitine vs. amisulpride in the treatment of dysthymia.
A double-blind RCT comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) to amisulpride in 204 patients with dysthymia over 12 weeks. Both treatments showed improvement in HAM-D(21) scores, with no significant differences between them. ALCAR demonstrated greater tolerability, which is relevant for chronic dysthymia treatment.
Acetyl-L-carnitine for dementia.
Systematic review of 11 trials assessing acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) in Alzheimer's disease. Statistically significant treatment effects were found in favor of ALC for Clinical Global Impression at 12 and 24 weeks, but not at 52 weeks. No evidence of benefit was found for cognition, severity of dementia, or functional ability. Adverse events were reported but not significantly different from placebo.
Meta-analysis of double blind randomized controlled clinical trials of acetyl-L-carnitine versus placebo in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease.
Meta-analysis of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessing acetyl-L-carnitine (Alcar) in mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's disease. Significant advantage for Alcar over placebo was found in clinical and psychometric tests, with benefits increasing over time. Alcar was well tolerated.
Acetyl-L-carnitine (levacecarnine) in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. A long-term, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) in 333 patients with diabetic neuropathy. LAC treatment significantly improved nerve conduction velocity and amplitude, and reduced pain over a 1-year period compared to placebo.
A 1-year controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD.
A 1-year, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The study found no significant differences in primary outcome measures between ALCAR and placebo groups, though less deterioration in the MMSE was observed in the completer sample for ALCAR-treated subjects.
Chronic Illness and Fatigue in Older Individuals: A Systematic Review.
Systematic review examining fatigue in older individuals with chronic diseases. It identifies risk factors, consequences, and management strategies, including acetyl-l-carnitine supplementation, which is associated with improved energy levels.
l-Carnitine and Alpha-Lipoic Acid Fail to Improve Anaerobic and Aerobic Performance in Trained Cyclists Despite a Reduction in Blood Lactate Concentration.
Double-blind, randomized trial of 41 male trained cyclists assessing the effects of four weeks of Acetyl-l-Carnitine and alpha-lipoic acid supplementation on anaerobic and aerobic performance. The supplementation did not enhance performance despite reducing blood lactate after high-intensity exercise.
Prospective randomized multicentre comparison on sibling oocytes comparing G-Series media system with antioxidants versus standard G-Series media system.
Prospective randomized multicentre comparison of sibling oocytes assessing the effect of antioxidants (acetyl-l-carnitine, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid) on embryo development and pregnancy potential in IVF. The inclusion of antioxidants improved embryo quality and increased implantation and pregnancy rates, particularly in patients aged 35-40 years.
[Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study of efficiency and safety of complex acetyl-L-carnitine, L-carnitine fumarate and alpha-lipoic acid (Spermactin Forte) for treatment of male infertility].
Double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled study of 80 infertile men evaluating the effects of SpermActin Forte (acetyl-l-carnitine, l-carnitine fumarate, and alpha-lipoic acid) on oxidative stress, ejaculate quality, and sperm DNA fragmentation. Significant improvements in sperm mobility, morphology, and reduction in oxidative stress and DNA fragmentation were observed in the treatment group, with 13 pregnancies achieved compared to 1 in the placebo group.
Acetyl-L-carnitine in painful peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review
Systematic review and meta-analysis of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in patients with painful peripheral neuropathy. ALC showed significant pain reduction and beneficial effects on nerve conduction and regeneration, with a good safety profile.
A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial for Efficacy of Acetyl-L-carnitine in Patients with Dementia Associated with Cerebrovascular Disease
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in 56 dementia patients with cerebrovascular disease over 28 weeks. ALC treatment significantly improved cognitive function measured by the MoCA-K, particularly in attention and language sub-items, compared to placebo.
[Adjuvant antioxidant therapy in varicocele infertility].
This open, prospective, randomized trial studied the efficacy and safety of a complex of acetyl-L-carnitine, L-carnitine fumarate, and alpha-lipoic acid (SpermActin-forte) as adjuvant antioxidant therapy after microsurgical varicocelectomy in 114 men with varicocele. The study found improvements in sperm motility and concentration, and a decrease in sperm DNA fragmentation, with no side effects reported.
Acetyl-l-carnitine versus placebo for migraine prophylaxis: A randomized, triple-blind, crossover study.
A randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study evaluated the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine for migraine prophylaxis in 72 participants. No statistically significant differences were found between acetyl-l-carnitine and placebo in headache outcomes, suggesting no benefit for acetyl-l-carnitine as a prophylactic treatment for migraine.
A randomised controlled trial comparing duloxetine and acetyl L-carnitine in fibromyalgic patients: preliminary data.
RCT comparing duloxetine and acetyl L-carnitine in 65 female fibromyalgia patients. Both treatments improved pain and depressive symptoms, with acetyl L-carnitine showing efficacy in improving quality of life. Neither treatment significantly improved anxiety.
Pharmacokinetic comparisons of two acetyl-L-carnitine formulations in healthy Korean volunteers.
This study assessed the pharmacokinetic bioequivalence between a new generic formulation and a branded formulation of acetyl-L-carnitine hydrochloride 590 mg in healthy Korean male volunteers. The study found that both formulations were bioequivalent with regard to pharmacokinetic parameters and were well tolerated.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supplementation During HCV Therapy With Pegylated Interferon-α 2b Plus Ribavirin: Effect on Work Performance; A Randomized Clinical Trial
RCT assessing the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on work productivity, daily activity, and fatigue in 62 subjects with chronic hepatitis C treated with Pegylated-Interferon-α2b and Ribavirin. Acetyl-L-Carnitine supplementation led to increased daily activity, reduced presenteeism and fatigue, and improved work productivity compared to placebo.
Clinical practice guidelines on the use of integrative therapies as supportive care in patients treated for breast cancer.
Systematic review of integrative therapies for supportive care in breast cancer patients. Acetyl-l-carnitine was identified as likely harmful for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy, increasing neuropathy risk.
A double-blind, randomized phase II study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine in the prevention of sagopilone-induced peripheral neuropathy.
A double-blind, randomized phase II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in preventing sagopilone-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with ovarian cancer or castration-resistant prostate cancer. No significant difference in overall peripheral neuropathy incidence was observed between ALC and placebo groups, but ovarian cancer patients in the ALC arm had a significantly lower incidence of grade 3 or 4 neuropathy.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine for ALS.
RCT assessing acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) with riluzole on disability and mortality in ALS patients. ALC group showed improved self-sufficiency, ALSFRS-R, and FVC scores, and longer median survival compared to placebo. ALC may be effective and well-tolerated in ALS.
Evaluating the effects of amantadin, modafinil and acetyl-L-carnitine on fatigue in multiple sclerosis--result of a pilot randomized, blind study.
Pilot randomized, blind study comparing the efficacy of amantadine, modafinil, and acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) with placebo in MS patients with fatigue. Amantadine significantly improved fatigue, while ALCAR showed a trend of improvement compared to placebo.
Oral acetyl-L-carnitine therapy reduces fatigue in overt hepatic encephalopathy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
RCT of 121 patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy comparing 2 g acetyl-L-carnitine to placebo twice a day for 90 days. ALC-treated patients showed significant improvements in mental and physical fatigue, fatigue severity, physical activity, and decreased NH(4)(+) levels.
Acetyl-L-carnitine reduces depression and improves quality of life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 67 patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment significantly improved physical function, mental health, and reduced depression and anxiety compared to placebo.
Acetyl-l-Carnitine in the treatment of anhedonia, melancholic and negative symptoms in alcohol dependent subjects.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy of Acetyl-l-Carnitine (ALC) on anhedonic symptoms in detoxified alcohol dependent subjects. Sixty-four patients were randomized to receive ALC at 3g/day, 1g/day, or placebo. Intravenous ALC accelerated improvement in anhedonia and melancholic symptoms compared to placebo, but oral ALC treatment showed no further improvements.
The supplementation of acetyl-L-carnitine decreases fatigue and increases quality of life in patients with hepatitis C treated with pegylated interferon-α 2b plus ribavirin.
RCT evaluating acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation in 60 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with Peg-IFN-α 2b and ribavirin. ALC supplementation reduced mental and physical fatigue, improved health-related quality of life, and may increase patient adherence to treatment.
Acetyl-L-carnitine for alcohol craving and relapse prevention in anhedonic alcoholics: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial.
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in 64 alcohol-dependent anhedonic patients to evaluate the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) in relapse prevention and craving. Patients treated with ALC remained abstinent longer than those on placebo, and a greater reduction in craving was observed in the ALC 1 g group from the 10th day onwards.
Acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in minimal hepatic encephalopathy.
RCT assessing the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in treating minimal hepatic encephalopathy in 125 cirrhotic patients. ALC treatment led to significant improvements in cognitive function tests and reductions in serum ammonia levels compared to placebo.
Thioctic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of sciatic pain caused by a herniated disc: a randomized, double-blind, comparative study.
This randomized, double-blind trial compared the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and thioctic acid in treating sciatic pain caused by a herniated disc in 64 patients. Both treatments improved neuropathy on electromyography, with thioctic acid showing greater improvements in symptom scores and a reduced need for analgesia compared to ALC. However, the study lacked a placebo control.
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a multi-site, placebo-controlled pilot trial.
A multi-site 16-week pilot study randomized 112 children with ADHD to placebo or acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in weight-based doses. The primary analysis showed no significant effect on overall ADHD symptoms, but secondary analyses indicated potential benefit for the inattentive subtype. ALC was found to be safe with negligible side effects.
Double-blind, multicenter trial comparing acetyl l-carnitine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients.
This double-blind, multicenter RCT evaluated the efficacy of acetyl L-carnitine (LAC) in 102 fibromyalgia patients. The LAC group showed significant improvements in pain, depression, and musculo-skeletal pain compared to placebo. The SF36 questionnaire indicated larger improvements in general and mental health for the LAC group. Treatment was well-tolerated.
Acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) treatment in elderly patients with fatigue.
RCT investigating the effects of acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) on fatigue, cognitive, and functional status in 96 elderly subjects. ALC treatment significantly reduced physical and mental fatigue and improved cognitive and functional status.
A double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre study of acetyl L-carnitine in the symptomatic treatment of antiretroviral toxic neuropathy in patients with HIV-1 infection.
RCT assessing the safety and efficacy of intramuscular and oral acetyl L-carnitine (ALCAR) in HIV-positive patients with antiretroviral toxic neuropathy. ALCAR significantly reduced pain ratings compared to placebo in the efficacy-evaluable population and improved symptoms during the open-label phase.
Improvement of visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration treated with a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of a combination of acetyl-L-carnitine, n-3 fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10 on visual functions and fundus alterations in early age-related macular degeneration (AMD). The treated group showed significant improvement in visual functions and fundus alterations compared to placebo over 12 months.
Acetyl-L-carnitine plus propionyl-L-carnitine improve efficacy of sildenafil in treatment of erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy.
RCT analyzing the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine and propionyl-L-carnitine combined with sildenafil on sexual potency in 96 patients post-prostatectomy. The combination improved erectile function, sexual satisfaction, orgasm, and general sexual well-being compared to sildenafil alone.
Carnitine versus androgen administration in the treatment of sexual dysfunction, depressed mood, and fatigue associated with male aging.
RCT comparing testosterone undecanoate, propionyl-L-carnitine plus acetyl-L-carnitine, and placebo in 120 male patients aged 60-74. Carnitines significantly improved sexual function, mood, and fatigue scores more than testosterone. Testosterone increased prostate volume and testosterone levels, while carnitines did not. Placebo was ineffective.
Acetyl L-carnitine slows decline in younger patients with Alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach.
Longitudinal, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of acetyl L-carnitine (ALC) on 334 Alzheimer's patients. The study found that ALC slows the progression of Alzheimer's disease in younger subjects, with a significant Age x Drug interaction showing benefit for those under 61 years.
A 1-year multicenter placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
A 1-year, double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT compared acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) with placebo in 431 patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. Both groups declined at the same rate overall, but a subanalysis suggested early-onset patients on ALCAR may decline more slowly than those on placebo. ALCAR was well tolerated.
Retrospective observational study on the use of acetyl-l-carnitine in ALS
Retrospective observational study on the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) in subjects with ALS in Italy. Subjects treated with ALCAR 1.5 g/day or 3 g/day were compared to untreated subjects. No statistically significant differences were detected in ALSFRS, FVC, or self-sufficiency, though a trend towards improved survival was noted in the 1.5 g/day group.
Comparison of 3- and 6-Month Outcomes of Combined Oral L-Carnitine Fumarate and Acetyl-L-Carnitine Therapy, Included in an Antioxidant Formulation, in Patients with Idiopathic Infertility
The study evaluated the effects of a combination antioxidant formulation including L-carnitine fumarate and acetyl-L-carnitine on male infertility. Over 6 months, significant improvements were observed in sperm concentration, total sperm count, and motility, though not in sperm morphology or ejaculate volume.
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) to enhance nerve regeneration in carpal tunnel syndrome: study protocol for a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
This study protocol outlines a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) in enhancing nerve regeneration in patients with severe carpal tunnel syndrome following surgery. The trial will involve 20 patients, with primary and secondary outcomes including motor unit number estimation, sensory and functional assessments, and symptom severity questionnaires.
Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma treated with bortezomib, doxorubicin and low-dose dexamethasone: a study from the Wisconsin Oncology Network.
RCT evaluating acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) for preventing chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone. ALCAR addition did not significantly alter the incidence or severity of peripheral neuropathy.
A placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-L-carnitine and α-lipoic acid in the treatment of bipolar depression.
RCT of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) and alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in 40 patients with bipolar depression over 12 weeks. No significant antidepressant effects were found compared to placebo, and no significant enhancement of mitochondrial functioning was observed.
Acetyl-L-carnitine as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a placebo-controlled trial.
This six-week randomized clinical trial tested acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) as an adjunctive therapy for ADHD in children and adolescents. No significant difference was observed between the ALC and placebo groups on ADHD Rating Scale scores. Side effects were more frequent in the placebo group.
Effects of a single, short intravenous dose of acetyl-L-carnitine on pattern-reversal visual-evoked potentials in cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
The study investigated the effects of a single intravenous dose of acetyl-L-carnitine on neuronal function in 18 cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy. A significant reduction in P100 latencies was observed 30 minutes after ALCAR infusion, suggesting transient improvement in neuronal function.
Symptomatic and neurophysiological responses of paclitaxel- or cisplatin-induced neuropathy to oral acetyl-L-carnitine.
RCT testing oral acetyl-L-carnitine (1 g tid) for 8 weeks in 25 patients with neuropathy during or after paclitaxel or cisplatin therapy. Symptomatic relief was reported by most patients, with improvements in sensory and motor neuropathy grades and neurophysiological measures. Symptomatic improvement persisted in most patients at median 13 months follow-up.
Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on cardiac dysautonomia in Rett syndrome: prevention of sudden death?
RCT investigating the effects of long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment on heart rate variability and electrocardiographic abnormalities in 10 girls with Rett syndrome compared to 12 untreated controls. Significant increase in heart rate variability was observed in the treated group, suggesting a potential reduction in the risk of sudden death.
HPLC determination and pharmacokinetics of endogenous acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in human volunteers orally administered a single dose of ALC.
Pharmacokinetic study of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) in 8 healthy volunteers after oral administration of a 500 mg ALC tablet. The study validated analytical methods for ALC in biological fluids and reported pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life, area under the curve, and time to reach maximum concentration.
31P-MRS study of acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in geriatric depression: preliminary results.
This 12-week study investigated the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) treatment on two elderly, mildly depressed subjects. ALCAR treatment resulted in decreased phosphomonesters levels and increased phosphocreatine levels in the prefrontal region, correlating with improvements in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale.
Acetyl-L-carnitine vs tamoxifen in the oral therapy of Peyronie's disease: a preliminary report.
RCT comparing acetyl-L-carnitine and tamoxifen in 48 patients with Peyronie's disease. Acetyl-L-carnitine was more effective in reducing pain, inhibiting disease progression, and reducing penile curvature, with fewer side effects than tamoxifen.
Long-term effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on myocardial 123I-MIBG uptake in patients with diabetes.
RCT investigating the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on myocardial sympathetic nervous function in 19 diabetic patients over 1 year. ALC treatment prevented deterioration of myocardial MIBG uptake, suggesting potential benefits for heart health in diabetes.
Acetyl-L-carnitine infusion increases glucose disposal in type 2 diabetic patients.
The study evaluates glucose uptake and oxidation rates with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) or placebo administration in 18 type 2 diabetic patients. ALC significantly increased total end-clamp glucose tissue uptake and the M/I ratio, suggesting improved glucose disposal. The effect was related to increased glucose storage rather than oxidation.
Semen treatment with progesterone and/or acetyl-L-carnitine does not improve sperm motility or membrane damage after cryopreservation-thawing.
Prospective cohort study assessing the effects of progesterone and acetyl-L-carnitine on sperm motility and membrane integrity after cryopreservation-thawing in subfertile men. No significant differences were found in cryosurvival rate, motility parameters, or membrane integrity between treated and control samples.
Long-term acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in Alzheimer's disease.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT studied the efficacy of 1-year oral acetyl-L-carnitine treatment in 130 Alzheimer's patients. The treated group showed a slower rate of deterioration in 13 of 14 outcome measures, with significant improvements in the Blessed Dementia Scale, logical intelligence, and selective attention. Better scores were observed in patients with good treatment compliance.
Influence of acetyl-L-carnitine infusion on haemodynamic parameters and survival of circulatory-shock patients.
A double-blind clinical study in ten Italian intensive care units on 115 patients with septic, cardiac, or traumatic shock using acetyl-L-carnitine infusion. The study found improved blood oxygenation and significant changes in heart rate and arterial pressures, suggesting acetyl-L-carnitine as an adjuvant therapy in hypoxic conditions.
Effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on geriatric patients suffering from dysthymic disorders.
RCT of 60 geriatric patients with dysthymic disorders comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (3 g/day) to placebo. Acetyl-L-carnitine significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved quality of life compared to placebo.
Acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of mildly demented elderly patients.
Controlled double-blind RCT with 60 elderly patients with mild mental impairment, comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (2 g/day) to placebo over three months. Acetyl-L-carnitine group showed significant improvements in behavioral scales, memory tests, attention barrage test, and Verbal Fluency test.
Role of acetyl-L-carnitine in the treatment of cognitive deficit in chronic alcoholism.
A multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled study on 55 abstinent alcoholics assessed the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) on cognitive deficits. LAC 2 g/day showed significant improvements in memory and cognitive performance compared to placebo over 90 days, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for cognitive disturbances in chronic alcoholics.
Pharmaco-electroencephalographic and clinical effects of the cholinergic substance--acetyl-L-carnitine--in patients with organic brain syndrome.
Two double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies investigated the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on EEG and brain functions in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate cognitive decline. Statistically significant effects were observed after eight weeks on EEG and after 12 weeks on clinical impressions and activities of daily living. Side-effects were generally minor and rare.
A comparative study of acetyl-l-carnitine and caloric restriction impact on hippocampal autophagy, apoptosis, neurogenesis, and astroglial function in AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's in rats.
The study compared the neuroprotective effects of acetyl-l-carnitine and caloric restriction on AlCl3-induced Alzheimer's in rats. Both interventions partially protected against cognitive, behavioral, biochemical, and histological changes, with acetyl-l-carnitine showing more effect on apoptotic markers and caloric restriction showing more behavioral and histological improvement.
Effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients: Evaluation on Plasma Markers and Members of the Neurovascular Unit
The study evaluated the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on oxidative stress markers in 32 ALS patients compared to healthy controls. Over six months, ALS patients showed decreased plasma markers of lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant activity, suggesting potential benefits of ALCAR on oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in ALS.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Liposomal Co-Enzyme Q10 Attenuate Hepatic Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Fibrosis Induced by Propionic Acid
Animal study examining the hepatoprotective effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and liposomal coenzyme Q10 against propionic acid-induced liver injury. The substances reduced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in liver tissue.
Acetyl-L-carnitine attenuates chronic ethanol-induced oxidative stress, ER stress and apoptosis in rat gastric tissue.
The study investigated the effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis in rat gastric tissue exposed to chronic alcohol. Acetyl-L-carnitine administration improved oxidative stress markers, ER-stress-associated proteins, and apoptotic index values, suggesting a protective effect against alcohol-induced damage.
Carnitine octanoyltransferase is important for the assimilation of exogenous acetyl-L-carnitine into acetyl-CoA in mammalian cells
The study investigates the role of carnitine octanoyltransferase in the assimilation of exogenous acetyl-L-carnitine into acetyl-CoA in mammalian cells. It finds that exogenous LAC contributes significantly to intracellular acetyl-CoA pools, particularly in glucose-limited U87MG glioma cells, and identifies a new pathway involving peroxisomes for LAC utilization.
Acetyl‐L‐carnitine improves erectile function in bilateral cavernous nerve injury rats via promoting cavernous nerve regeneration
The study investigates the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on erectile function in rats with bilateral cavernous nerve injury. Acetyl-L-carnitine was found to improve erectile function by promoting cavernous nerve regeneration.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine protects against LPS induced depression via PPAR-γ induced inhibition of NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
The study investigated the neuroprotective effects of Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on LPS-induced neuroinflammation, depression, and anxiety-like behavior in male Sprague Dawley rats. ALC significantly modulated PPARγ dependent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, suggesting its potential as a depression supplement.
Metabolic signature in nucleus accumbens for anti-depressant-like effects of acetyl-L-carnitine
The study investigates the metabolic impact of acetyl-L-carnitine (LAC) treatment in the nucleus accumbens of chronically-stressed mice. LAC treatment counteracted reduced levels of energy-related metabolites in high rank mice, revealing a metabolic signature for its antidepressant-like effects.
Acetyl-l-carnitine deficiency in patients with major depressive disorder.
The study evaluated acetyl-l-carnitine (LAC) levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and found decreased levels compared to healthy controls. The degree of LAC deficiency correlated with the severity and age of onset of MDD, and was more pronounced in patients with treatment-resistant depression and a history of childhood trauma.
Acetyl-l-carnitine: a pathogenesis based treatment for HIV-associated antiretroviral toxic neuropathy.
Open cohort study assessing the efficacy of oral acetyl-l-carnitine (1500 mg twice daily) in 21 HIV-positive patients with antiretroviral toxic neuropathy. After 6 months, significant improvements in small sensory fibre innervation were observed, with continued or stabilized improvements after 24 months. Neuropathic grade improved in 76% of patients.
Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-L-carnitine in Alzheimer's disease.
Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of acetyl-L-carnitine in 7 Alzheimer's disease patients compared to 5 placebo-treated patients and 21 healthy controls over 1 year. Acetyl-L-carnitine-treated patients showed less deterioration in cognitive test scores and normalization of neurochemical markers compared to placebo.
Idiopathic facial paralysis: new therapeutic prospects with acetyl-L-carnitine.
Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 43 patients with idiopathic facial paralysis. Acetyl-L-carnitine was administered at 3 x 1 g daily for 1 month, alongside methylprednisolone. Results indicated earlier functional recovery of the nerve in the acetyl-L-carnitine group, with significant differences in muscle action potentials and facial symmetry.
Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine oral administration on lymphocyte antibacterial activity and TNF-alpha levels in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. A randomized double blind versus placebo study.
RCT of acetyl-L-carnitine (2 gm/day for 30 days) in 10 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis, compared to 10 placebo patients. Antibacterial activity remained unmodified or increased in ALC-treated subjects, while it decreased in the placebo group. No influence on TNF-alpha levels was detected.
Double-blind, placebo controlled study of acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with Alzheimer's dementia.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 36 patients with Alzheimer's dementia comparing 1 g acetyl-l-carnitine twice daily to placebo over 24 weeks. The acetyl-l-carnitine group showed trends for improvement in short-term memory tests, though changes were not statistically significant due to small sample size. Nausea and/or vomiting occurred in 5 patients in the acetyl-l-carnitine group.
Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine on reaction times in patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency.
A double-blind cross-over study on 12 elderly subjects with acute cerebral circulatory insufficiency compared acetyl-L-carnitine to placebo. Significant improvements were found in memory, number and word tests, and responses to stimuli, with no side-effects reported.
Mental impairment in aging: selection of patients, methods of evaluation and therapeutic possibilities of acetyl-L-carnitine.
Double-blind RCT with 30 patients over 65 years with mild mental impairment, comparing acetyl-L-carnitine (2 g/day) to placebo for three months. Acetyl-L-carnitine group showed significant improvements in behavioral performance, memory, attention, and verbal fluency.